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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Territorial_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Remarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Remarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>New subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-New_subdivisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle New subdivisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-New_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uncompleted_devolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uncompleted_devolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Uncompleted devolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uncompleted_devolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Traditional authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Related divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electoral_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Electoral districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cited Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Subdivisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="التقسيم الإداري في جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التقسيم الإداري في جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Адміністрацыйна-тэрытарыяльны падзел Дэмакратычнай Рэспублікі Конга – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Адміністрацыйна-тэрытарыяльны падзел Дэмакратычнай Рэспублікі Конга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Административно деление на Демократична република Конго – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Административно деление на Демократична република Конго" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_territorial_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Democr%C3%A1tica_del_Congo" title="Organización territorial de la República Democrática del Congo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organización territorial de la República Democrática del Congo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongoko_Errepublika_Demokratikoaren_banaketa_administratiboa" title="Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoaren banaketa administratiboa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoaren banaketa administratiboa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivision_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo" title="Subdivision de la république démocratique du Congo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Subdivision de la république démocratique du Congo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembagian_administratif_Republik_Demokratik_Kongo" title="Pembagian administratif Republik Demokratik Kongo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembagian administratif Republik Demokratik Kongo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongo_Demokr%C4%81tisk%C4%81s_Republikas_administrat%C4%ABvais_iedal%C4%ABjums" title="Kongo Demokrātiskās Republikas administratīvais iedalījums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kongo Demokrātiskās Republikas administratīvais iedalījums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E7%94%BB" title="コンゴ民主共和国の行政区画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンゴ民主共和国の行政区画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongo_Demokratik_Respublikasining_hududiy_bo%27linishi" title="Kongo Demokratik Respublikasining hududiy bo'linishi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kongo Demokratik Respublikasining hududiy bo'linishi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podzia%C5%82_administracyjny_Demokratycznej_Republiki_Konga" title="Podział administracyjny Demokratycznej Republiki Konga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Podział administracyjny Demokratycznej Republiki Konga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivis%C3%B5es_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Democr%C3%A1tica_do_Congo" title="Subdivisões da República Democrática do Congo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Subdivisões da República Democrática do Congo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%A0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Административное деление ДР Конго – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Административное деление ДР Конго" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongo-Kinshasas_administrativa_indelning" title="Kongo-Kinshasas administrativa indelning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kongo-Kinshasas administrativa indelning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Адміністративний поділ Демократичної Республіки Конго – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Адміністративний поділ Демократичної Республіки Конго" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="刚果民主共和国行政区划 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="刚果民主共和国行政区划" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3253485#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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<dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of prime ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Judith_Suminwa" title="Judith Suminwa">Judith Suminwa</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Cabinet</a> <dl><dd>(<a href="/wiki/Suminwa_government" title="Suminwa government">current cabinet</a>)</dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the 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style="color: var(--color-base)">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Constitutional Court of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Court of Cassation (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Court of Cassation</a></li> <li>Council of State</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Provinces</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governors_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of provincial governors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">governors</a>)</span></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Territories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cities of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Cities</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_and_sectors_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Sectors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_and_sectors_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Chiefdoms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Communes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Communes</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Recent and upcoming elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2018_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_general_election" title="2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_general_election" title="2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Senate: <a href="/wiki/2007_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_election" title="2007 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate election">2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_election" title="2019 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate election">2019</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_elections" title="2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate elections">2024</a></i></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Gubernatorial: <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_gubernatorial_elections" title="2016 Democratic Republic of the Congo gubernatorial elections">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_gubernatorial_elections" title="2017 Democratic Republic of the Congo gubernatorial elections">2017</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_gubernatorial_elections" title="2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo gubernatorial elections">2024</a></i></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of political parties in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Ministry for Foreign Affairs <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Kayikwamba_Wagner" title="Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner">Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of diplomatic missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">in Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_passport" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Democratic Republic of the Congo citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Visa policy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/MONUSCO" title="MONUSCO">United Nations Mission</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Portal:Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Template:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Template talk:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Third Republic of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary state</a> with a five-level hierarchy of types of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative division</a>. There are nine different types of country subdivision in a new hierarchy with no new types but with two from the previous one abolished. </p><p>Under the Third Republic, established in 2006, the number of provinces has gone from ten to twenty-five. By fits and starts the number of towns that have been, or are in the process of being, upgraded to cities has also increased greatly. </p><p>Reforms to devolve powers to the provinces were completed in 2006, but devolution to more local levels have again been delayed when elections scheduled for 2019 were not held. Traditional authority continues to play a significant role in governance with traditional leaders leading many of the subdivisions at the lower levels. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territorial_organization">Territorial organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Territorial organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution divides the country into the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a> and 25 <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">provinces</a>. It also gives the capital the status of a province.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitutionArticle_2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitutionArticle_2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hierarchy of types of administrative division in the province, as set down in other <a href="/wiki/Organic_law" title="Organic law">organic law</a>, is as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrganic_Law_No._08/016Article_4_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrganic_Law_No._08/016Article_4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(French names in italics.)</i></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Province</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="List of territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>territoire</i>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_and_sectors_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Sector or Chiefdom</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>secteur</i> or <i>chefferie</i>)</span> <ul><li>Grouping <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>groupement</i>)</span> <ul><li>Village</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Communes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Commune</a> <ul><li>Quarter <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>quartier</i>)</span> <ul><li>⋯</li></ul></li> <li>Embedded Grouping <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>groupement incorporé</i>)</span> <ul><li>Village</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cities of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">City</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>ville</i>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Communes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Commune</a> <ul><li>Quarter <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>quartier</i>)</span> <ul><li>⋯</li></ul></li> <li>Embedded Grouping <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>groupement incorporé</i>)</span> <ul><li>Village</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p>So a province is divided into territories and cities; a territory into sectors, chiefdoms, and communes; a sector or chiefdom into groupings; and so on. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remarks">Remarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Remarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kinshasa has the status of a province, but the subdivisions of a city. It is often referred to as a city-province and in many contexts is counted as the 26'th province.</li> <li>The district and the <i>cité</i>, previously a division of a province and territory respectively, have been abolished. The <i>cité</i> has been replaced by the commune.</li> <li>In the Congo a commune can now be an urban subdivision of a city, a country town, or in some cases a mostly rural area attached to a city.</li> <li>An older term, collectivity (fr. <i>collectivité</i>), is sometimes used for convenience to refer to both a sector and a chiefdom.</li> <li>Some collectivities are not a contiguous area of land but are made up instead of more than one unconnected area.</li> <li>The grouping (of villages) and, at a higher level, the chiefdom are subdivisions led by customary leaders of traditional <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">polities</a>.</li> <li>An embedded grouping is a grouping that has been absorbed into a commune.</li> <li>A quarter has divisions but these are not set down by organic law.</li> <li>There are uninhabited areas that are not part of any subdivision below a territory.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_subdivisions">New subdivisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_provinces">New provinces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New provinces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution, as before, divides the country into the city of Kinshasa and the provinces; however, it increased the number of provinces from ten to twenty-five. This was put into effect in 2015, when the six largest provinces were split into twenty-one new provinces. Together with the four unsplit provinces—<a href="/wiki/Kongo_Central" title="Kongo Central">Bas-Congo</a> (renamed Kongo Central), <a href="/wiki/Maniema" title="Maniema">Maniema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nord-Kivu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord-Kivu">Nord-Kivu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sud-Kivu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sud-Kivu">Sud-Kivu</a>—they make up the twenty-five provinces listed in Article 2 of the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_4_Mar_2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_4_Mar_2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouvierOmasombo_Tshonda201647–49_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouvierOmasombo_Tshonda201647–49-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the old organization the six former provinces were divided into districts and cities. The districts were further divided into territories. Each new province was created from the territories of one or two districts, adding any enclosed cities and—if necessary—making the new capital a city. The following table gives the complete details. So for instance, Lommami province resulted from the split of the former Kasaï-Oriental province; created from the territories of the former Kabinda district, the city of Mwene-Ditu, and by making the town of Kabinda the capital city. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="max-width:42em"> <caption>Table 1. 2015 Repartioning by district </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Former province → </th> <th colspan="2">Subdivisions of former province </th> <th rowspan="2">+ New city </th> <th rowspan="2">= New province </th></tr> <tr> <th>District(s) </th> <th>City(ies) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EAECF0;" colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bandundu_Province" title="Bandundu Province">Bandundu</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kwango_District" title="Kwango District">Kwango</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenge,_Kwango" title="Kenge, Kwango">Kenge</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kwango_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwango Province">Kwango</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EDF0EB;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kwilu_District" title="Kwilu District">Kwilu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandundu_(city)" title="Bandundu (city)">Bandundu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kikwit" title="Kikwit">Kikwit</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kwilu_Province" title="Kwilu Province">Kwilu</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mai-Ndombe_District" title="Mai-Ndombe District">Mai-Ndombe</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Plateaux_District" title="Plateaux District"> Plateaux</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inongo" title="Inongo">Inongo</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mai-Ndombe_Province" title="Mai-Ndombe Province">Mai-Ndombe</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EAECF0;" colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EDF0EB;"> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89quateur_(former_province)" title="Équateur (former province)">Équateur</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89quateur_District" title="Équateur District">Équateur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mbandaka" title="Mbandaka">Mbandaka</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%89quateur" title="Province of Équateur">Équateur</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongala_District" title="Mongala District">Mongala</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lisala" title="Lisala">Lisala</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mongala" title="Mongala">Mongala</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EDF0EB;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Nord-Ubangi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord-Ubangi District">Nord-Ubangi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gbadolite" title="Gbadolite">Gbadolite</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nord-Ubangi" title="Nord-Ubangi">Nord-Ubangi</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sud-Ubangi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sud-Ubangi District">Sud-Ubangi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zongo,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Zongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo">Zongo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gemena" title="Gemena">Gemena</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sud-Ubangi" title="Sud-Ubangi">Sud-Ubangi</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EDF0EB;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tshuapa_District" title="Tshuapa District">Tshuapa</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boende" title="Boende">Boende</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tshuapa" title="Tshuapa">Tshuapa</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EAECF0;" colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kasa%C3%AF-Occidental" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasaï-Occidental">Kasaï-Occidental</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kasa%C3%AF_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasaï District">Kasaï</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tshikapa" title="Tshikapa">Tshikapa</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kasa%C3%AF_Province" title="Kasaï Province">Kasaï</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EDF0EB;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lulua_District" title="Lulua District">Lulua</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kananga" title="Kananga">Kananga</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kasa%C3%AF-Central" title="Kasaï-Central">Kasaï-Central</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EAECF0;" colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kasai-Oriental_(former_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasai-Oriental (former province)">Kasaï-Oriental</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tshilenge_District" title="Tshilenge District">Tshilenge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mbuji-Mayi" title="Mbuji-Mayi">Mbuji-Mayi</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kasa%C3%AF-Oriental" title="Kasaï-Oriental">Kasaï-Oriental</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EDF0EB;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kabinda_District" title="Kabinda District">Kabinda</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mwene-Ditu" title="Mwene-Ditu">Mwene-Ditu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kabinda" title="Kabinda">Kabinda</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lomami_Province" title="Lomami Province">Lomami</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sankuru_District" title="Sankuru District">Sankuru</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lusambo" title="Lusambo">Lusambo</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sankuru" title="Sankuru">Sankuru</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EAECF0;" colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EDF0EB;"> <th rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Katanga_Province" title="Katanga Province">Katanga</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Haut-Katanga_District" title="Haut-Katanga District">Haut-Katanga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Likasi" title="Likasi">Likasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lubumbashi" title="Lubumbashi">Lubumbashi</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Haut-Katanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut-Katanga">Haut-Katanga</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haut-Lomami_District" title="Haut-Lomami District">Haut-Lomami</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamina" title="Kamina">Kamina</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Haut-Lomami" title="Haut-Lomami">Haut-Lomami</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EDF0EB;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lualaba_District" title="Lualaba District">Lualaba</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Kolwezi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolwezi District">Kolwezi</a><sup><span style="font-size:120%">†</span></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lualaba_Province" title="Lualaba Province">Lualaba</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanganyika District">Tanganyika</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalemie" title="Kalemie">Kalemie</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Province" title="Tanganyika Province">Tanganyika</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EAECF0;" colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EDF0EB;"> <th rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Orientale_Province" title="Orientale Province">Orientale</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bas-U%C3%A9l%C3%A9_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas-Uélé District">Bas-Uélé</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buta,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Buta, Democratic Republic of the Congo">Buta</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bas-U%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Bas-Uélé">Bas-Uélé</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haut-U%C3%A9l%C3%A9_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut-Uélé District">Haut-Uélé</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isiro" title="Isiro">Isiro</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Haut-U%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Haut-Uélé">Haut-Uélé</a></b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EDF0EB;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ituri_District" title="Ituri District">Ituri</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bunia" title="Bunia">Bunia</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ituri_Province" title="Ituri Province">Ituri</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tshopo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tshopo District">Tshopo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kisangani" title="Kisangani">Kisangani</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tshopo" title="Tshopo">Tshopo</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background:#EAECF0; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.3em; color: #555555;"><b>†</b> Kolwezi was a hybrid city/district made up of two communes and two territories. The territories were split off and the rest became the provincial capital. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_cities_and_communes"><span id="New_cities_and_communes"></span> New cities and communes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: New cities and communes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2013 a batch of prime ministerial decrees was issued giving city and commune status to, and setting the boundaries for, a large number of former <i>cités</i> and other populated places.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJournal_Officiel2013Décret_n°_13/020–13/030_du_13_juin_2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJournal_Officiel2013Décret_n°_13/020–13/030_du_13_juin_2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the government's 2014 statistical yearbook the Congo would go from 21 cities and 227 <i>cités</i> in 2008 to 99 cities and 289 territorial communes in the reorganization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE2014_Statistical_Yearbook28–29Tableau_1.2_and_1.3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2014_Statistical_Yearbook28–29Tableau_1.2_and_1.3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in July 2015 the implementation of many of the decrees' articles were suspended following the failure in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">National Assembly</a> of an electoral bill based on the boundaries in the decrees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEle_Phare_23_Jul_2015_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEle_Phare_23_Jul_2015-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to pass a modified bill allocating seats for upcoming local elections, it was decided to suspend those articles that were contentious and to revert the affected communities to their 2006 administrative configurations. The articles granting city status to new provincial capitals—<a href="/wiki/Boende" title="Boende">Boende</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunia" title="Bunia">Bunia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buta,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Buta, Democratic Republic of the Congo">Buta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gemena" title="Gemena">Gemena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inongo" title="Inongo">Inongo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isiro" title="Isiro">Isiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabinda" title="Kabinda">Kabinda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalemie" title="Kalemie">Kalemie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamina" title="Kamina">Kamina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenge,_Kwango" title="Kenge, Kwango">Kenge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisala" title="Lisala">Lisala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lusambo" title="Lusambo">Lusambo</a>—were not suspended and neither were those granting commune status to the administrative centers of the territories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatotu2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatotu2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ultimately the planned for local elections never occurred, but the suspensions were not lifted until mid-2018 just months before the <a href="/wiki/2018_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_general_election" title="2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election">general election</a>. The National Alliance of Traditional Authorities of the Congo protested this reinstatement as diminishing traditional authority and as a threat to national security.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Potentiel2018_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Potentiel2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to reinstating the articles the government decided that disputes over boundaries would be resolved by an ad hoc committee and that the setting up of cities and communes would be prioritized with 18 cities in the initial phase.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDécret_n°_18/020Arrêté_Interministeriel_n°_25/.../2018_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDécret_n°_18/020Arrêté_Interministeriel_n°_25/.../2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019 mayors for the new cities of <a href="/wiki/Uvira" title="Uvira">Uvira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baraka,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Baraka, Democratic Republic of the Congo">Baraka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamituga" title="Kamituga">Kamituga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kasumbalesa,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Kasumbalesa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"> Kasumbalesa</a> were appointed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalongelwa2019_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalongelwa2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENzadi_News2019_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENzadi_News2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The setting up of a city administration and those of its subdivisions can take years given the lack of local resources. For instance the town of Buta gained city status when it became a provincial capital in 2015, had its first mayor appointed in 2018, and by June 2019 its four communes were still not operational.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkonda2019_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkonda2019-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Number_of_subdivisions">Number of subdivisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Number of subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Table 2. 2018 Subdivision count by administrative level<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Level</th> <th>Total</th> <th>Breakdown </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st</td> <td style="text-align: right;">26</td> <td>25 provinces + Kinshasa </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EDF0EB;"> <td>2nd</td> <td style="text-align: right;">177</td> <td>145 territories + 33 cities − Kinshasa </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,045</td> <td>470 sectors + 264 chiefdoms + 311 communes </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EDF0EB;"> <td>4th</td> <td style="text-align: right;">8,471</td> <td>6,070 groupings + 2,401 quarters </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th</td> <td style="text-align: right;">> 86,270</td> <td>~86,270 villages + ? quarter divisions </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Table 2 is based on data compiled by the <a href="/wiki/Independent_National_Electoral_Commission_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Independent National Electoral Commission (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Independent National Electoral Commission</a> (CENI) as part of organizing the election cycle of 2018. The count of cities only includes those currently represented in the national and provincial assemblies and not those that became cities after the organization of the elections. Thus, for example, the new city of Uvira is not counted as a city but as a commune in the table. This of course also effects the counts of city subdivisions such as communes and quarters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance"><span id="Governance"></span> Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution of 2006 and ensuing organic laws brought reforms to the governance of the subdivisions which are not yet complete. Table 3 sketches the envisioned governance by subdivision type and its current status. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="max-width:58em"> <caption>Table 3. Governance of subdivisions after reforms in brief <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitutionArticles_197–8Organic_Law_No._08/016Articles_6–92,126Organic_Law_No._10/011Articles_4–32_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitutionArticles_197–8Organic_Law_No._08/016Articles_6–92,126Organic_Law_No._10/011Articles_4–32-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Level </th> <th rowspan="2">Type </th> <th colspan="2">Leader </th> <th style="width: 28%;" rowspan="2">Deliberative body </th> <th style="width: 17%;" rowspan="2">To do<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(February 2023)</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Title<sup><span style="font-size:120%">a</span></sup> </th> <th>Selection </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st </td> <td>Province<sup><span style="font-size:120%">b</span></sup> </td> <td>Governor </td> <td>elected by assembly </td> <td>Assembly of elected and co-opted <span style="font-size:85%;">(up to 10%)</span> members<sup><span style="font-size:120%">c</span></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2nd </td> <td>Territory </td> <td>Territory Administrator </td> <td>appointed </td> <td style="text-align:center;">n/a<br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>City </td> <td>Mayor </td> <td rowspan="3">elected by council </td> <td>Council elected by commune councils<sup><span style="font-size:120%">d</span></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3">council and leader elections <span style="font-size:85%;">(leaders are currently appointed)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">3rd </td> <td>Commune </td> <td>Burgomaster </td> <td rowspan="3">Council elected by voters </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sector </td> <td>Sector Chief </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chiefdom </td> <td>Chiefdom Chief </td> <td rowspan="2">by tradition </td> <td>council elections </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">4th </td> <td>Grouping </td> <td>Grouping Chief </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;">n/a<br /> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Quarter </td> <td>Quarter Chief </td> <td>appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th </td> <td>Village </td> <td>Village Chief </td> <td>by tradition or other local practice </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="font-size:90%; line-height: 1.3em; color: #555555;"><b>Notes: a)</b> In French top to bottom: <i>gouverneur, administrateur de territoire (AT), maire, bourgmestre, chef de secteur, <span class="nowrap">...de</span> chefferie, <span class="nowrap">...de</span> groupment, <span class="nowrap">...de</span> quartier,</i> and <i><span class="nowrap">...de</span> village</i>. <b>b)</b> Includes Kinshasa. <b>c)</b> Co-opted members are traditional leaders selected by their peers following strict rules including term limits. <b>d)</b> Each Commune Council elects four members of the City Council. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uncompleted_devolution">Uncompleted devolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Uncompleted devolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These reforms <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolved</a> powers to the provinces and, more modestly, to the cities and the subdivisions at the third administrative level.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitutionArticle_3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitutionArticle_3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They all were to have both an executive body with a leader and a deliberative body which was to elect the leader. The other subdivisions remained purely administrative in nature. </p><p>The Congolese voter would have a direct say in the affairs of the province by voting in a deputy to the provincial assembly which would then go on to elect the governor. The voter was also to have a say in more local affairs by voting in a councilperson to the local council which was then, except in a chiefdom, to go on to elect the local leader. If the voter lived in a provincial city they were also to have a more indirect say, again through the local council, in the composition of the city government. </p><p>Devolution to the provinces was launched with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_provincial_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 Democratic Republic of the Congo provincial elections (page does not exist)">2006 provincial elections</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lections_provinciales_de_2006_en_r%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo" class="extiw" title="fr:Élections provinciales de 2006 en république démocratique du Congo">fr</a>]</span> which elected the provincial assemblies of the eleven provinces. Similar elections for local councils have yet to occur. Thus, the effected subdivisions have no deliberative body and their leaders, as provided by law, are unelected and appointed from above. In this way a city mayor is much like a territory administrator. For now the Congolese voter does not have a say in local affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local council elections were scheduled to occur on 22 September 2019. In April of that year the League of Women Voters for the Elections met with the electoral commission and condemned the delay in starting candidate registration for the local elections.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_4_May_2019_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_4_May_2019-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June, the League of Voters stressed the importance of these elections and asked <a href="/wiki/Felix_Tshisekedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Tshisekedi">President Tshisekedi</a> to intervene to get the process going.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERFI_21_July_2019_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERFI_21_July_2019-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August, a petition with two million signatures demanding that the elections be held was filed at the presidential palace. The signatures were collected within two months by the Catholic and Protestant Churches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERFI_17_Aug_2019_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERFI_17_Aug_2019-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of October the outgoing electoral commission presented their final report to the National Assembly. At this time their rapporteur said that organizing the local elections required a workforce of 650,000 and the allocation of considerable funds by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELubaki2019_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELubaki2019-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, in December President Tshisekedi declared that the elections would be held sometime in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusau2019_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusau2019-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This did not happen. </p><p>However, in February 2022 the new electoral commission published a roadmap for the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Upcoming_elections" title="Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">next election cycle</a> that would have the local council elections occur in December 2023 along with the elections for the president, the National Assembly, and the provincial assemblies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_3_Feb_2022_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_3_Feb_2022-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, when the electoral calendar was published in November 2022, the elections for sector and chiefdom council were pushed back to 11 July 2024 leaving only the commune elections to be run on 20 December 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_30_Nov_2022_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_30_Nov_2022-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE2023_Electoral_calendar_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2023_Electoral_calendar-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_authority">Traditional authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Traditional authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional leaders have a significant role in governing the subdivisions. At the first administrative level, 8% of all provincial deputies are <a href="/wiki/Co-opted" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-opted">co-opted</a> traditional leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the third and forth levels they are the leaders of 25% and 70% of the subdivisions respectively. In 2018, 64% of the electorate lived in a grouping without counting those in embedded groupings.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditional authority is recognized by Article 207 of the Constitution and a law defining the legal status of traditional leaders was passed in 2015. In addition to being official leaders of their administrative divisions, these leaders exercise customary authority – which can involve traditional advisory councils – in a way that is not contrary to the Constitution, the law, public order and decency. The leaders are also obligated to be apolitical.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw_15/015Articles_8,25_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw_15/015Articles_8,25-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although selected by local structures according to custom, traditional leaders can only exercise their authority if they are officially recognized and invested by the government. Failure of the government to do so can cause great resentment. In 2013 such a dispute over the leadership of a grouping eventually led, through an escalation of conflicts in 2016, to the <a href="/wiki/Kamwina_Nsapu_rebellion" title="Kamwina Nsapu rebellion">Kamwina Nsapu rebellion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRG_July_20189_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECRG_July_20189-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_divisions">Related divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Related divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_districts">Electoral districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Electoral districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Table 4. Electoral districts of the 2018 election cycle <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnnexes3,_4,_14,_25,_37,_38,_80_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnnexes3,_4,_14,_25,_37,_38,_80-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">For </th> <th colspan="2">the Districts are </th> <th colspan="2">Total </th></tr> <tr> <th>in Provinces </th> <th>in Kinshasa </th> <th>Districts </th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <td>National Assembly </td> <td rowspan="2">territories and cities </td> <td>Kinshasa I-IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(city districts)</span><sup><span style="font-size:120%">a</span></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">181 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Provincial Assembly </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Kinshasa" title="Communes of Kinshasa">communes</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">201 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">715 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Commune Council </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">communes </td> <td style="text-align: right;">311 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,323 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sector or Chiefdom Council </td> <td>sectors or chiefdoms<sup><span style="font-size:120%">b</span></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">n/a </td> <td style="text-align: right;">734 </td> <td style="text-align: right;">7,334 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="font-size:90%; line-height: 1.3em; color: #555555;"><b>Notes: a)</b> Kinshasa I: <a href="/wiki/Lukunga" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukunga">Lukunga</a>, II: <a href="/wiki/Funa_District" title="Funa District">Funa</a>, III: <a href="/wiki/Mont-Amba" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont-Amba">Mont-Amba</a>, IV: <a href="/wiki/Tshangu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tshangu">Tshangu</a>. <b>b)</b> But seats are allocated by grouping. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Except for the four National Assembly districts in Kinshasa, all electoral districts in Table 4 are administrative divisions. The <a href="/wiki/Carter_Center" title="Carter Center">Carter Center</a> expert mission report for the 2018 elections criticizes the use of these divisions for national and provincial elections as not meeting international standards for uniform allocation of voters per constituency. As example they contrast 27,228 voters per National Assembly seat in the city of Inongo vs. 128,699 in the territory of <a href="/wiki/Lomela_Territory" title="Lomela Territory">Lomela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarter_Center201925–26_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter_Center201925–26-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cities of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Cities of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_and_sectors_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Communes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Communes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)#Number_of_deputies_for_each_constituency_by_province" title="National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Constituencies in the National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Districts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"> Former districts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitutionArticle_2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitutionArticle_2_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstitution">Constitution</a>, Article 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrganic_Law_No._08/016Article_4-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrganic_Law_No._08/016Article_4_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOrganic_Law_No._08/016">Organic Law No. 08/016</a>, Article 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_4_Mar_2015-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_4_Mar_2015_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRadio_Okapi_4_Mar_2015">Radio Okapi 4 Mar 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBouvierOmasombo_Tshonda201647–49-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBouvierOmasombo_Tshonda201647–49_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBouvierOmasombo_Tshonda2016">Bouvier & Omasombo Tshonda 2016</a>, pp. 47–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJournal_Officiel2013Décret_n°_13/020–13/030_du_13_juin_2013-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJournal_Officiel2013Décret_n°_13/020–13/030_du_13_juin_2013_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJournal_Officiel2013">Journal Officiel 2013</a>, Décret n° 13/020–13/030 du 13 juin 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE2014_Statistical_Yearbook28–29Tableau_1.2_and_1.3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE2014_Statistical_Yearbook28–29Tableau_1.2_and_1.3_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF2014_Statistical_Yearbook">2014 Statistical Yearbook</a>, pp. 28–29, Tableau 1.2 and 1.3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEle_Phare_23_Jul_2015-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEle_Phare_23_Jul_2015_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFle_Phare_23_Jul_2015">le Phare 23 Jul 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatotu2015-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatotu2015_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatotu2015">Matotu 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Potentiel2018-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Potentiel2018_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Potentiel2018">Le Potentiel 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDécret_n°_18/020Arrêté_Interministeriel_n°_25/.../2018-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDécret_n°_18/020Arrêté_Interministeriel_n°_25/.../2018_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDécret_n°_18/020">Décret n° 18/020</a>; <a href="#CITEREFArrêté_Interministeriel_n°_25/.../2018">Arrêté Interministeriel n° 25/.../2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalongelwa2019-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalongelwa2019_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalongelwa2019">Balongelwa 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENzadi_News2019-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENzadi_News2019_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNzadi_News2019">Nzadi News 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkonda2019-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkonda2019_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOkonda2019">Okonda 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Level 1–4 tabulated from data found at <a href="#CITEREFCENI_maps">CENI maps</a>; level 5 from <a href="#CITEREFCENI_2017">CENI 2017</a>, p. 55, Tableau 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitutionArticles_197–8Organic_Law_No._08/016Articles_6–92,126Organic_Law_No._10/011Articles_4–32-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitutionArticles_197–8Organic_Law_No._08/016Articles_6–92,126Organic_Law_No._10/011Articles_4–32_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstitution">Constitution</a>, Articles 197–8; <a href="#CITEREFOrganic_Law_No._08/016">Organic Law No. 08/016</a>, Articles 6–92,126; <a href="#CITEREFOrganic_Law_No._10/011">Organic Law No. 10/011</a>, Articles 4–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitutionArticle_3-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitutionArticle_3_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstitution">Constitution</a>, Article 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://afrique.lalibre.be/39774/rdc-15-million-de-signatures-pour-reclamer-des-elections-locales/">"RDC : 1,5 million de signatures pour réclamer des élections locales"</a>. <i>La Libre Afrique</i> (in French). 2019-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Libre+Afrique&rft.atitle=RDC+%3A+1%2C5+million+de+signatures+pour+r%C3%A9clamer+des+%C3%A9lections+locales&rft.date=2019-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafrique.lalibre.be%2F39774%2Frdc-15-million-de-signatures-pour-reclamer-des-elections-locales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_4_May_2019-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_4_May_2019_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRadio_Okapi_4_May_2019">Radio Okapi 4 May 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERFI_21_July_2019-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERFI_21_July_2019_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRFI_21_July_2019">RFI 21 July 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERFI_17_Aug_2019-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERFI_17_Aug_2019_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRFI_17_Aug_2019">RFI 17 Aug 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELubaki2019-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELubaki2019_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLubaki2019">Lubaki 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusau2019-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusau2019_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMusau2019">Musau 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_3_Feb_2022-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_3_Feb_2022_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRadio_Okapi_3_Feb_2022">Radio Okapi 3 Feb 2022</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_30_Nov_2022-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadio_Okapi_30_Nov_2022_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRadio_Okapi_30_Nov_2022">Radio Okapi 30 Nov 2022</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE2023_Electoral_calendar-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE2023_Electoral_calendar_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF2023_Electoral_calendar">2023 Electoral calendar</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">65 of 780 from <a href="#CITEREFAnnexes">Annexes</a> p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">25,781,515 of 40,371,439 from <a href="#CITEREFAnnexes">Annexes</a> p. 80 and p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw_15/015Articles_8,25-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw_15/015Articles_8,25_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw_15/015">Law 15/015</a>, Articles 8,25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECRG_July_20189-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRG_July_20189_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCRG_July_2018">CRG July 2018</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnnexes3,_4,_14,_25,_37,_38,_80-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnnexes3,_4,_14,_25,_37,_38,_80_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnnexes">Annexes</a>, pp. 3, 4, 14, 25, 37, 38, 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter_Center201925–26-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarter_Center201925–26_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarter_Center2019">Carter Center 2019</a>, pp. 25–26.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cited_Works">Cited Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cited Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrganic_Law_No._08/016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/L.08.16.17.10.2008.htm">"Loi organique n° 08/016 du 07 octobre 2008 portant composition, organisation et fonctionnement des Entités Territoriales Décentralisées et leurs rapports avec l'Etat et les Provinces"</a> [Organic Law No. 08/016 of 7 October 2008 on the composition, organization and functioning of the Decentralized Territorial Entities and their relations with the State and the Provinces]. <i>LEGANET.CD</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190221211456/https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/L.08.16.17.10.2008.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 Jan</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lualaba.gouv.cd&rft.atitle=Arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9+Interministeriel+n%C2%B0+25%2FCAB%2FVPM%2FMININTERSEC%2FHMS%2F081%2F2018+%26+n%C2%B0+CAB%2FME%2FMIN.DRI%2FARN%2FFKT%2F007%2F2018+du+30+Mai+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lualaba.gouv.cd%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F12%2FARRETE-INTERMINISTERIEL-PORTANT-MISE-EN-OEUVRE-DES-DISPOSITION-.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Potentiel2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Le Potentiel (25 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725160123/https://www.digitalcongo.net/article/5b5875cbfb77d10004e0668b/">"Décentralisation : les autorités traditionnelles de la RDC en colère contre le Premier ministre"</a>. <i>Digital Congo</i> (in French). MMC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalcongo.net/article/5b5875cbfb77d10004e0668b/">the original</a> on 25 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 Jan</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LEGANET.CD&rft.atitle=Constitution+de+la+Republique+Democratique+du+Congo&rft.date=2011-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleganet.cd%2FLegislation%2FDroit%2520Public%2FConstitution.2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrganic_Law_No._10/011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/L.10.011.18.05.2010.htm">"Loi organique n° 10/011 du 18 mai 2010 portant fixation des subdivisions territoriales à l'intérieur des provinces"</a> [Organic Law No. 10/011 of 18 May 2010 determining the territorial subdivisions within the provinces]. <i>LEGANET.CD</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190221195113/https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/L.10.011.18.05.2010.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 Jan</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LEGANET.CD&rft.atitle=Loi+organique+n%C2%B0+10%2F011+du+18+mai+2010+portant+fixation+des+subdivisions+territoriales+%C3%A0+l%27int%C3%A9rieur+des+provinces&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leganet.cd%2FLegislation%2FDroit%2520Public%2FAdministration.ter%2FL.10.011.18.05.2010.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusau2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Musau, Mathy (12 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forumdesas.org/spip.php?article23133">"Enfin, les élections urbaines et locales en 2020, promet Fatshi"</a>. <i>Forum Des As</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508163014/http://www.forumdesas.org/spip.php?article23133">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congo+Research+Group%3A+Report&rft.atitle=Setting+Fire+to+Your+Own+House&rft.date=2018-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcongoresearchgroup.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F07%2FSetting-Fire-to-your-Own-House-CRG-FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw_15/015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/Loi%2015.015.2015.html">"Loi nº15/015 du 25 août 2015 fixant le statut des chefs coutumiers"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191114142628/https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Droit%20Public/Administration.ter/Loi%2015.015.2015.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Loi+n%C2%BA15%2F015+du+25+ao%C3%BBt+2015+fixant+le+statut+des+chefs+coutumiers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leganet.cd%2FLegislation%2FDroit%2520Public%2FAdministration.ter%2FLoi%252015.015.2015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadio_Okapi_3_Feb_2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/02/03/actualite/politique/rdc-la-ceni-envisage-lorganisation-des-elections-du-president-des">"RDC : la CENI envisage l'organisation des élections du Président, des députés et des conseillers en décembre 2023"</a>. <i>Radio Okapi</i> (in French). 3 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203165353/https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/02/03/actualite/politique/rdc-la-ceni-envisage-lorganisation-des-elections-du-president-des">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 Apr</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Okapi&rft.atitle=RDC+%3A+la+CENI+envisage+l%27organisation+des+%C3%A9lections+du+Pr%C3%A9sident%2C+des+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s+et+des+conseillers+en+d%C3%A9cembre+2023&rft.date=2022-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiookapi.net%2F2022%2F02%2F03%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2Frdc-la-ceni-envisage-lorganisation-des-elections-du-president-des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadio_Okapi_30_Nov_2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/11/26/actualite/politique/rdc-la-ceni-publie-le-calendrier-electoral-du-cycle-2022-2027">"RDC : La CENI publie le calendrier électoral du cycle 2022-2027"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Okapi" title="Radio Okapi">Radio Okapi</a></i> (in French). 26 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Okapi&rft.atitle=RDC+%3A+La+CENI+publie+le+calendrier+%C3%A9lectoral+du+cycle+2022-2027&rft.date=2022-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiookapi.net%2F2022%2F11%2F26%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2Frdc-la-ceni-publie-le-calendrier-electoral-du-cycle-2022-2027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubdivisions+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF2023_Electoral_calendar" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Independent_National_Electoral_Commission_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Independent National Electoral Commission (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">CENI</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiookapi.net/sites/default/files/2022-11/synthese_calendrier_ok-1_0.pdf">"Synthese du Calendrier des Activites Electorales"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Radio_Okapi" title="Radio Okapi">Radio Okapi</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221130173412/https://www.radiookapi.net/sites/default/files/2022-11/synthese_calendrier_ok-1_0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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aria-labelledby="Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_topics" title="Template:Democratic Republic of the Congo topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_topics" title="Template talk:Democratic Republic of the Congo topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic Republic of the Congo topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-colonial_history_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Pre-colonial history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Congo_Basin" title="Colonization of the Congo Basin">Colonization (1867–85)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_the_Congo_Free_State_and_Belgian_Congo" title="List of colonial governors of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo">Colonial governors (1885–1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Free_State" title="Congo Free State">Congo Free State (1885–1908)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrocities_in_the_Congo_Free_State" title="Atrocities in the Congo Free State">Atrocities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo (1908–60)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo_in_World_War_II" title="Belgian Congo in World War II">World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_(L%C3%A9opoldville)" title="Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)">Congo-Léopoldville (1960–65)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis (1960–65)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Katanga" title="State of Katanga">State of Katanga (1960–63)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire (1965–97)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Congo_War" title="First Congo War">First Congo War (1996–98)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="2000s in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">2000s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Government_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Transitional Government (2003–06)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_rebellion" title="M23 rebellion">M23 rebellion (2012–13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">M23 offensive (2022–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Geography of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_conservation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Category:Nature conservation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of ecoregions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Category:Mountain ranges of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of volcanoes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Wildlife of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_place_names_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Former place names in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Former place names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Court of Cassation (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Court of Cassation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Mobutu_Sese_Seko_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Mobutu Sese Seko administration">Foreign policy under Mobutu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Law enforcement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Chief of Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Senate (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">National Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of political parties in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of prime ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Agriculture in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Congo" title="Central Bank of the Congo">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of companies of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Energy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_franc" title="Congolese franc">Franc (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Telecommunications in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Tourism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Transport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Category:Society of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Child marriage in Democratic Republic of the Congo">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Corruption in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Crime in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Health in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Human trafficking in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prostitution in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" title="Social issues in the Democratic Republic of Congo">Social issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Culture of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cinema of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Football in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Mass media in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Music of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Public holidays in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Public holidays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Outline of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Democratic Republic of the Congo–related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Portal:Democratic Republic of the Congo">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Subdivisions of Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Angola" title="Subdivisions of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Benin" title="Subdivisions of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Botswana" title="Subdivisions of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Subdivisions of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Burundi" title="Subdivisions of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Cameroon" title="Subdivisions of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Subdivisions of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Subdivisions of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Djibouti" title="Subdivisions of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Egypt" title="Subdivisions of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Subdivisions of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Eritrea" title="Subdivisions of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Ethiopia" title="Subdivisions of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Gabon" title="Subdivisions of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Gambia" title="Subdivisions of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Guinea" title="Subdivisions of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Subdivisions of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Subdivisions of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Kenya" title="Subdivisions of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Lesotho" title="Subdivisions of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Libya" title="Subdivisions of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Madagascar" title="Subdivisions of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Malawi" title="Subdivisions of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Mauritania" title="Subdivisions of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Mozambique" title="Subdivisions of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Nigeria" title="Subdivisions of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Rwanda" title="Subdivisions of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Senegal" title="Subdivisions of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Subdivisions of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Sudan" title="Subdivisions of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Tanzania" title="Subdivisions of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Togo" title="Subdivisions of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Tunisia" title="Subdivisions of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Zambia" title="Subdivisions of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Zimbabwe" title="Subdivisions of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Canary_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subdivisions of the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subdivisions of Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Melilla">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subdivisions of Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Mayotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subdivisions of Saint Helena (page does not exist)">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subdivisions of Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subdivisions of Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&oldid=1194883310">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&oldid=1194883310</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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