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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EU_and_the_Volkswagen_Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>EU and the Volkswagen Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EU_and_the_Volkswagen_Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_restructuring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_restructuring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Corporate restructuring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_restructuring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spin-off_of_Porsche_AG" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spin-off_of_Porsche_AG"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Spin-off of Porsche AG</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spin-off_of_Porsche_AG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the automotive holding company that is the controlling shareholder of <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a>. For the automobile brand and manufacturer, see <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a>. For other uses of Porsche, see <a href="/wiki/Porsche_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Porsche (disambiguation)">Porsche (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Porsche Automobil Holding SE</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Porsche_SE_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Porsche_SE_Logo.svg/220px-Porsche_SE_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Porsche_SE_Logo.svg/330px-Porsche_SE_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Porsche_SE_Logo.svg/440px-Porsche_SE_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="87" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg/250px-Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg/375px-Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg/500px-Porsche_headquarter_Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen_Werk_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Porsche headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">Trade name</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Porsche SE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH (1931–1972)</li> <li>"Old" <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG</a> (1972–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Societas_Europaea" title="Societas Europaea">Societas Europaea</a></i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">FWB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/global-search/PAH3">PAH3</a><br /><a href="/wiki/DAX" title="DAX">DAX</a> component</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=DE000PAH0038">DE000PAH0038</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Holding company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Germany (1931)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Porsche" title="Ferdinand Porsche">Ferdinand Porsche</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">Stuttgart, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dieter_P%C3%B6tsch" title="Hans Dieter Pötsch">Hans Dieter Pötsch</a>, Chairman of the Executive Board<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Porsche" title="Wolfgang Porsche">Wolfgang Porsche</a>, Chairman<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category">Automotive <a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">financial services</a>, engineering services, investment management</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">116,000,000 Euro (2021) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2104551?uselang=en#P2139" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,412,000,000 Euro (2023) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2104551?uselang=en#P3362" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €824 million (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-ar21_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar21-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €42.533 billion (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-ar21_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar21-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> €42.196 billion (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-ar21_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar21-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Porsche-Pi%C3%ABch_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche-Piëch family">Porsche-Piëch family</a> (50% of equity, 100% of voting power)<sup id="cite_ref-own_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-own-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">882<sup id="cite_ref-ar21_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar21-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> (31.9% of equity, 53.3% of voting power)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche AG</a> (12.5% of equity, 25% of voting power)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.porsche-se.com/en/">www.porsche-se.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Porsche Automobil Holding SE</b>, usually shortened to <b>Porsche SE</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈpɔʁʃə]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cc\/De-Porsche.ogg\/De-Porsche.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Porsche.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/De-Porsche.ogg/De-Porsche.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Porsche.ogg" title="File:De-Porsche.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a German <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporation</a> primarily known as a <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> of <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> with investments in the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive industry</a>. Porsche SE is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Zuffenhausen" title="Zuffenhausen">Zuffenhausen</a>, a city district of <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> and is majority owned by the Austrian-German <a href="/wiki/Porsche-Pi%C3%ABch_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche-Piëch family">Porsche-Piëch family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-own_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-own-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was founded in Stuttgart as <i>Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH</i> in 1931 by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Porsche" title="Ferdinand Porsche">Ferdinand Porsche</a> (1875–1951)<sup id="cite_ref-porsche-trad-ferdinand_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-porsche-trad-ferdinand-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Anton_Pi%C3%ABch" title="Anton Piëch">Anton Piëch</a> (1894–1952). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_structure">Corporate structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porsche_SE&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Corporate structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Porsche SE was created in June 2007 by renaming the old Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, and became a holding company for the families' stake in Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH (50.1%) (which in turn held 100% of the old Porsche AG) and currently is the major shareholder in Volkswagen AG (31.3%) and holds the majority voting rights (53.1%).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the new Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG (<b>Porsche AG</b>) was created for the car manufacturing business.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2009, Porsche SE and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen AG</a> reached an agreement that the car manufacturing operations of the two companies would merge in 2011, to form an "Integrated Automotive Group".<sup id="cite_ref-PorscheMerger_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PorscheMerger-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VWAG_merger_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VWAG_merger-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The management of Volkswagen AG agreed to 50.7% of Volkswagen AG being controlled by Porsche SE in return for Volkswagen AG management taking Porsche SE management positions (in order for Volkswagen management to remain in control), and for Volkswagen AG acquiring ownership of Porsche AG.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2024, the 31.9% stake in Volkswagen AG and 12.5% stake in Porsche AG are the predominant investments by Porsche SE, and Volkswagen AG in turn controls brands and companies such as <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a>, <a href="/wiki/SEAT" title="SEAT">SEAT</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bugatti" title="Bugatti">Bugatti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche AG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ducati" title="Ducati">Ducati</a>, VW Commercial Vehicles, <a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania</a>, <a href="/wiki/MAN_SE" title="MAN SE">MAN</a>, as well as Volkswagen Financial Services.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Dr. Ing. h.c. F. <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a> AG</b> (which stands for <i>Doktor Ingenieur <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honoris causa</a> Ferdinand Porsche <a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">Aktiengesellschaft</a></i>) is responsible for the actual production and manufacture of the Porsche automobile line.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It was spun off from Volkswagen in September 2022, although Volkswagen still has control of the firm through its 75% stake.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Porsche SE owns 25% of the <a href="/wiki/Voting_shares" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting shares">voting shares</a> of Porsche AG, or 12.5% of the total shares. </p><p>Josef Michael Ahorner, Stefan Piëch and Peter Daniell Porsche, are members of <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a> of Porsche Automobil Holding along with <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Porsche" title="Wolfgang Porsche">Wolfgang Porsche</a>, Hans Michel Piech, Ferdinand Oliver Porsche and Hans-Peter Porsche.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porsche_SE&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Subsidiaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to Volkswagen AG, other subsidiaries of Porsche SE include <a href="/wiki/Porsche_Engineering" title="Porsche Engineering">Porsche Engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porsche_Design_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche Design Group">Porsche Design Group</a>. </p><p>Porsche SE has an approximately 10% stake in the American traffic information provider <a href="/wiki/INRIX" title="INRIX">INRIX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porsche_SE&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the history as Porsche as an automobile manufacturer and brand, see <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EU_and_the_Volkswagen_Law">EU and the Volkswagen Law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porsche_SE&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: EU and the Volkswagen Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volkswagen and its principal factory (with the newly built town that hosted it, called <a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a> today) were designed by Ferdinand Porsche and his design office, and the factory with supporting town facilities were established by the German government then led by the National Socialist (Nazi) Party in 1937–1938. When the government-owned Volkswagenwerk GmbH was privatized in 1960 into Volkswagen AG (VW AG), the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">German parliament</a> enacted the law known as <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen Law">Volkswagen Law</a> to govern the privatization process. In order to maintain government control in the privately owned company, the law stipulated that the votes on major shareholder meeting resolutions would require 4/5th (80%) agreement. This effectively gave any shareholder with more than 20% ownership (the government of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> held 20.1%) a veto of any resolution that is proposed. This not only secured government control, but also prevented the possibility of a hostile takeover in the future. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> was founded in 1993, a <a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">European Union law</a> was signed with the principle of promoting free movement of goods, people and capital within the Union. It became somewhat clear that the anti-takeover measure (the 80% agreement requirement) in Volkswagen Law would violate the <a href="/wiki/European_company_law" title="European company law">European company law</a> (as a part of the EU law), and it was feared that suitors would eventually be able to take over Volkswagen AG, as amendments to the German law and the bylaws of VW AG were seen to be likely. </p><p>In late 2005, Porsche took an 18.65% stake in the Volkswagen Group, further cementing their relationship, and preventing a takeover of Volkswagen Group, which was rumoured at the time. Hypothetical suitors included <a href="/wiki/Daimler_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler AG">DaimlerChrysler AG</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a>. As of June 2006, the Porsche AG stake in VW AG had risen to 25.1%, giving Porsche the veto rights along with the government. </p><p>On 26 March 2007, amidst the rumours that <a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">hedge funds</a> were trying to takeover VW AG with the intent to dismantle and dispense the components of Volkswagen Group, Porsche took its holding of Volkswagen AG shares to 30.9%, triggering a takeover bid under <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Germany" title="Law of Germany">German law</a> which required other shareholders to be given the opportunity to sell the shares at least at the price paid by the new major shareholder. Porsche then formally announced in a press statement that it did not intend to take over Volkswagen Group (it would set its bid price at the lowest possible legal value) but intended to move to avoid a competitor taking a large stake.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Porsche's move came after the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> announced that it intends to take steps against the Volkswagen Law.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2007, the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> ruled against the law, potentially paving the way for a takeover.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 September 2008, Porsche increased its holdings to 35.14%,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in effect almost taking control of the company, with more than 35% of the voting rights. It again triggered a takeover bid, but this time over Audi AG. Porsche dismissed the bid as a mere formality, since it was Porsche's intention to keep the corporate structure of the Volkswagen Group.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2008, Porsche SE announced its intent to raise its stake in Volkswagen AG to 75% during 2009, and on 7 January 2009, Porsche SE's holding in VW AG was raised to 50.76%.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 75% ownership level, Porsche SE would have been able to bring VW AG's cash position onto Porsche SE books.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Porsche's move automatically triggered a bid for <a href="/wiki/Scania_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scania (company)">Scania AB</a>, because VW AG already had a controlling position in the Swedish truck-maker.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Porsche had no strategic interest in Scania, they offered the minimum price in that mandatory takeover bid on 19 January 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has been some tension and anxiety among the VW AG management and the workers, who feared that Porsche might replace the management after the takeover, and it may signify a hardened production efficiency control, rejection of demands for pay rises or even personnel cuts.<sup id="cite_ref-IHT_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IHT-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Pi%C3%ABch" title="Ferdinand Piëch">Ferdinand Piëch</a> (Chairman of VW AG) and his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Porsche" title="Wolfgang Porsche">Wolfgang Porsche</a> (Chairman of Porsche SE), also seemed to be on a collision course.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, on 13 August 2009, Scania was bought in totality, Volkswagen AG's supervisory board signed the agreement to create an "integrated automotive group" with Porsche AG, led by Volkswagen AG. Volkswagen would initially take a 49.9 percent stake in Porsche AG by the end of 2009, and it would also see the Porsche-Piëch family shareholders selling the VW distributor ownership of <a href="/wiki/Porsche_Salzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche Salzburg">Porsche Holding Salzburg</a> to Volkswagen AG,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is the largest car distributor in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 July 2012, Volkswagen AG announced a deal with Porsche SE, resulting in VW's full ownership of Porsche AG on 1 August 2012. The deal was classified as a restructuring rather than a takeover due to the transfer of a single share as part of the deal. Volkswagen AG paid Porsche AG shareholders $5.61 billion for the remaining 50.1% it did not own.<sup id="cite_ref-AOL_Autos_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AOL_Autos-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The families later used the amounts they received for Porsche AG and the dealership shares to buy back the Porsche SE shares from Qatar Investment Authority as described in the following section. </p><p>In October 2013, the EU Court of Justice ruled that a redraft of the Volkswagen law "complied in full" with EU rules, bringing "the matter to a close," as the 80% agreement requirement was taken off.<sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This officially made Porsche SE the controlling owner of Volkswagen AG. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_restructuring">Corporate restructuring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porsche_SE&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Corporate restructuring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Porsche reformed the company's structure, with Dr Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AG becoming a <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a>, renamed "Porsche Automobil Holding <a href="/wiki/Societas_Europaea" title="Societas Europaea">SE</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-porsche-se-announce-2007_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-porsche-se-announce-2007-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a new Dr Ing. h. c. F. Porsche AG operating company being formed in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-new-porsche-ag-2007_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-porsche-ag-2007-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the operating activities are separated from holding activities of the company.<sup id="cite_ref-SE_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SE-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was an <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_General_Meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraordinary General Meeting">Extraordinary General Meeting</a> for Porsche AG shareholders which took place on 26 June 2007, at the Porsche Arena in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Germany to discuss the change to the company structure. </p><p>By March 2009, Porsche SE was aiming for its first ever credit ratings from U.S. rating agencies <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moody%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Moody's">Moody's</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its process to acquire a majority holding in Volkswagen AG, Porsche SE built up a large debt burden, aggravated by taxes due on very large paper profits on Volkswagen AG options. By July 2009, Porsche SE was faced with debts exceeding 10 billion euros. The supervisory board of Porsche SE finally agreed to a number of arrangements whereby the <a href="/wiki/Qatar_Investment_Authority" title="Qatar Investment Authority">Qatar Investment Authority</a> would inject a large amount of capital into Porsche SE, and Porsche automobile manufacturing business would be <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">merged</a> with Volkswagen Group. On 23 July 2009, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Macht" title="Michael Macht">Michael Macht</a> was appointed CEO of Porsche AG, to replace <a href="/wiki/Wendelin_Wiedeking" title="Wendelin Wiedeking">Wendelin Wiedeking</a>, who was expected to receive a compensation package of 50 million euros.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2010, Porsche AG appointed Volkswagen executive <a href="/wiki/Matthias_M%C3%BCller_(businessman)" title="Matthias Müller (businessman)">Matthias Müller</a> to its new CEO position, moving Michael Macht to another executive position within Volkswagen AG. </p><p>In July 2012, it was announced that Volkswagen <a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">AG</a> was taking over the Porsche AG automotive company completely, which bears the same name, but is only a subsidiary of Porsche SE.<sup id="cite_ref-AOL_Autos_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AOL_Autos-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Porsche_structure_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porsche_structure-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2013, Qatar Holdings, through the <a href="/wiki/Qatar_Investment_Authority" title="Qatar Investment Authority">Qatar Investment Authority</a>, sold its 10% holding in Porsche SE back to the founding Porsche-Piëch family, giving them 100% voting rights in the holding company.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Porsche SE currently owns 50.73% of the voting rights in <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen AG">Volkswagen AG</a> as the largest (controlling) shareholder.<sup id="cite_ref-interim2011_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interim2011-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spin-off_of_Porsche_AG">Spin-off of Porsche AG</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porsche_SE&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spin-off of Porsche AG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 29 September 2022, <a href="/wiki/Preferred_stock" title="Preferred stock">preferred shares</a> of the operating company Dr Ing. h. c. F. <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a> AG began trading on the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">Frankfurt Stock Exchange</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">FWB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/equity/DE000PAG9113">P911</a>). The shares ended trading on their opening day at €84, valuing the company at €76 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Porsche AG has 455.5 million ordinary and preferred shares each. In the listing process, <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> sold 25% + 1 of the ordinary shares of Porsche AG to the holding company Porsche SE, representing 12.5% direct ownership (exclusive of Porsche SE's indirect interest through its holdings in Volkswagen Group). The <a href="/wiki/Qatar_Investment_Authority" title="Qatar Investment Authority">Qatar Investment Authority</a>, which is the third-largest shareholder in Volkswagen Group, purchased slightly less than 5% of the listed preferred shares, giving the Qatari <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth fund</a> direct ownership of slightly less than 2.5% of Porsche AG.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, for the first time in a decade, Porsche SE and the Porsche-Piëch family held direct ownership over their namesake brand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porsche_SE&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-own-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-own_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-own_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">There are two classes of Porsche Automobil Holding SE shares. Half is ordinary shares with voting power, and the other half is preferred shares without voting power. Porsche-Piëch family owns 100% of the ordinary shares as of the end of 2013. The preferred shares, which are not owned by the family, are traded publicly.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.porsche-se.com/en/company/executive-board">"Porsche SE Executive Board"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Porsche+SE+Executive+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.porsche-se.com%2Fen%2Fcompany%2Fexecutive-board&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APorsche+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.porsche-se.com/en/company/supervisory-board">"Porsche SE Supervisory board"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Porsche+SE+Supervisory+board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.porsche-se.com%2Fen%2Fcompany%2Fsupervisory-board&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APorsche+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ar21-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ar21_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ar21_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ar21_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ar21_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.porsche-se.com/fileadmin/downloads/investorrelations/mandatorypublications/annualreport-21/PSE2021_Annual_Report_en.pdf">"Porsche SE Annual Report 2021"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Porsche SE</i>. 16 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=volkswagenag.com&rft.atitle=Volkswagen+Aktiengesellschaft+Interim+Report+January+-+September+2011&rft.pages=39&rft.date=2011-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkswagenag.com%2Fcontent%2Fvwcorp%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Fmisc%2Fir%2Fir-webcasting.bin.html%2Fdownloadfilelist%2Fdownloadfile%2Fdownloadfile%2Ffile%2FQ3_2011_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APorsche+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/structure-planned-porsche-ipo-2022-09-17/">"The structure of the planned Porsche IPO"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 17 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107212638/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/structure-planned-porsche-ipo-2022-09-17/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=The+structure+of+the+planned+Porsche+IPO&rft.date=2022-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fautos-transportation%2Fstructure-planned-porsche-ipo-2022-09-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APorsche+SE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porsche_SE&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.porsche-se.com/en/">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Porsche_vehicles" title="Template:Porsche vehicles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Porsche_vehicles" title="Template talk:Porsche vehicles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Porsche_vehicles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Porsche vehicles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Porsche" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a><br />marques & <br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen Passenger Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Sport_GmbH" title="Audi Sport GmbH">Audi Sport GmbH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugatti_Automobiles" title="Bugatti Automobiles">Bugatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducati" title="Ducati">Ducati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEAT" title="SEAT">SEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles">Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Porsche_vehicles" title="List of Porsche vehicles">Cars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_718_Boxster_and_Cayman_(982)" title="Porsche 718 Boxster and Cayman (982)">718 Boxster/Cayman (982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_911_(992)" title="Porsche 911 (992)">911 (992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Cayenne" title="Porsche Cayenne">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Macan" title="Porsche Macan">Macan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Panamera" title="Porsche Panamera">Panamera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Taycan" title="Porsche Taycan">Taycan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_356/2" title="Porsche 356/2">356/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_356" title="Porsche 356">356</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_597" title="Porsche 597">597</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_911" title="Porsche 911">911</a> (<a href="/wiki/Porsche_911_(classic)" title="Porsche 911 (classic)">classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_911_(930)" title="Porsche 911 (930)">930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_911_(964)" title="Porsche 911 (964)">964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_911_(993)" title="Porsche 911 (993)">993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_911_(996)" title="Porsche 911 (996)">996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_911_(997)" title="Porsche 911 (997)">997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_911_(991)" title="Porsche 911 (991)">991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_911_GT1" title="Porsche 911 GT1">GT1 Straßenversion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_912" title="Porsche 912">912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_914" title="Porsche 914">914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_918_Spyder" title="Porsche 918 Spyder">918 Spyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_924" title="Porsche 924">924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_928" title="Porsche 928">928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_944" title="Porsche 944">944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_959" title="Porsche 959">959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_968" title="Porsche 968">968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Boxster_and_Cayman" title="Porsche Boxster and Cayman">Boxster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Porsche_Boxster_(986)" title="Porsche Boxster (986)">986</a>/<a href="/wiki/Porsche_Boxster_and_Cayman_(987)" title="Porsche Boxster and Cayman (987)">987</a>/<a href="/wiki/Porsche_Boxster_and_Cayman_(981)" title="Porsche Boxster and Cayman (981)">981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Carrera_GT" title="Porsche Carrera GT">Carrera GT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Boxster_and_Cayman" title="Porsche Boxster and Cayman">Cayman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Porsche_Boxster_and_Cayman_(987)" title="Porsche Boxster and Cayman (987)">987</a>/<a href="/wiki/Porsche_Boxster_and_Cayman_(981)" title="Porsche Boxster and Cayman (981)">981</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Porsche_concept_vehicles" title="List of Porsche concept vehicles">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_P1" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche P1">P1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohner%E2%80%93Porsche" title="Lohner–Porsche">Lohner–Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Type_12" title="Porsche Type 12">Type 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_114" title="Porsche 114">114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_356/1" title="Porsche 356/1">356/1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_356#530" title="Porsche 356">530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_542" title="Porsche 542">542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Typ_754_T7" title="Porsche Typ 754 T7">Typ 754 T7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_901" title="Porsche 901">901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Tapiro" title="Porsche Tapiro">Tapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_969" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche 969">969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_984" title="Porsche 984">984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_989" title="Porsche 989">989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_C88" title="Porsche C88">C88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Boxster_and_Cayman_(987)#Boxster_E" title="Porsche Boxster and Cayman (987)">Boxster E Prototype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Panamericana" title="Porsche Panamericana">Panamericana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Taycan" title="Porsche Taycan">Mission E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Vision_Gran_Turismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche Vision Gran Turismo">Vision Gran Turismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Mission_R" title="Porsche Mission R">Mission R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Mission_X" title="Porsche Mission X">Mission X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tractors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Junior" title="Porsche Junior">Junior</a></li> <li>Standard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Super" title="Porsche Super">Super</a></li> <li>Master</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Porsche_in_motorsport" title="Porsche in motorsport">Motorsport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Carrera_Cup" title="Porsche Carrera Cup">Carrera Cup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Supercup" title="Porsche Supercup">Porsche Supercup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Carrera_Cup_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Carrera Cup Championship">Australian Carrera Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Carrera_Cup_Germany" title="Porsche Carrera Cup Germany">Carrera Cup Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Carrera_Cup_Great_Britain" title="Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain">Carrera Cup Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Carrera_Cup_North_America" title="Porsche Carrera Cup North America">Carrera Cup North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Carrera_Cup_Scandinavia" title="Porsche Carrera Cup Scandinavia">Carrera Cup Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Carrera_Cup_France" title="Porsche Carrera Cup France">Carrera Cup France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racing cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_64" title="Porsche 64">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisitalia_Grand_Prix" title="Cisitalia Grand Prix">360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_356SL" title="Porsche 356SL">356SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_550" title="Porsche 550">550</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_645" title="Porsche 645">645</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_718" title="Porsche 718">718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_718_Boxster_and_Cayman_(982)#718_Cayman_GT4_Clubsport" title="Porsche 718 Boxster and Cayman (982)">718 GT4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_787" title="Porsche 787">787</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_804" title="Porsche 804">804</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_904" title="Porsche 904">904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_906" title="Porsche 906">906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_907" title="Porsche 907">907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_908" title="Porsche 908">908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_909_Bergspyder" title="Porsche 909 Bergspyder">909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_910" title="Porsche 910">910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_911_GT1" title="Porsche 911 GT1">911 GT1 (9R1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_911_GT2#Motorsports" title="Porsche 911 GT2">911 GT2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_911_GT3#Motorsport" title="Porsche 911 GT3">911 GT3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_914-6_GT" title="Porsche 914-6 GT">914-6 GT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_917" title="Porsche 917">917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_919_Hybrid" title="Porsche 919 Hybrid">919 (9R9)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_934" title="Porsche 934">934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_935" title="Porsche 935">935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_936" title="Porsche 936">936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_953" title="Porsche 953">953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_956" title="Porsche 956">956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_961" title="Porsche 961">961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_962" title="Porsche 962">962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_963" title="Porsche 963">963 (9R0)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_SRT05e" title="Spark SRT05e">99X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Boxster_and_Cayman_(981)#Cayman_GT4_Clubsport" title="Porsche Boxster and Cayman (981)">Cayman GT4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_LMP2000" title="Porsche LMP2000">LMP2000 (9R3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_RS_Spyder" title="Porsche RS Spyder">RS Spyder (9R6)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_WSC-95" title="Porsche WSC-95">WSC-95</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Porsche_in_motorsport#Factory_drivers" title="Porsche in motorsport">Drivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Junioren" title="Porsche Junioren">Porsche Junioren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines and <br />technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Porsche_engines" title="List of Porsche engines">List of Porsche engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Boxer engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiptronic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiptronic">Tiptronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission#Porsche_(VW_GROUP)" title="Dual-clutch transmission">PDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VarioCam" title="VarioCam">VarioCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VarioRam" title="VarioRam">VarioRam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Porsche_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche family">Porsche family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Porsche" title="Ferdinand Porsche">Ferdinand Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Pi%C3%ABch" title="Louise Piëch">Louise Piëch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Pi%C3%ABch" title="Ferdinand Piëch">Ferdinand Piëch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Anton_Ernst_Porsche" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche">Ferry Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Alexander_Porsche" title="Ferdinand Alexander Porsche">F. A. Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Porsche" title="Wolfgang Porsche">Wolfgang Porsche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CEOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Fuhrmann" title="Ernst Fuhrmann">Ernst Fuhrmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schutz" title="Peter Schutz">Peter Schutz</a></li> <li>Arno Bohn</li> <li>Heinz Branitzki</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendelin_Wiedeking" title="Wendelin Wiedeking">Wendelin Wiedeking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Macht" title="Michael Macht">Michael Macht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_M%C3%BCller_(businessman)" title="Matthias Müller (businessman)">Matthias Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Blume" title="Oliver Blume">Oliver Blume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Bez" title="Ulrich Bez">Ulrich Bez</a></li> <li>Helmuth Bott</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_D%C3%BCrheimer" title="Wolfgang Dürheimer">Wolfgang Dürheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Eberan_von_Eberhorst" title="Robert Eberan von Eberhorst">Robert Eberan von Eberhorst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Huschke_von_Hanstein" title="Fritz Huschke von Hanstein">Fritz Huschke von Hanstein</a></li> <li>Holger Härter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Holbert" title="Al Holbert">Al Holbert</a></li> <li>Uwe Hück</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Komenda" title="Erwin Komenda">Erwin Komenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_Lagaay" title="Harm Lagaay">Harm Lagaay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Linge" title="Herbert Linge">Herbert Linge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinky_Lai" title="Pinky Lai">Pinky Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mauer" title="Michael Mauer">Michael Mauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Mezger" title="Hans Mezger">Hans Mezger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rabe" title="Karl Rabe">Karl Rabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Reimspiess" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Xaver Reimspiess">Franz Xaver Reimspiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Rosenberger" title="Adolf Rosenberger">Adolf Rosenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Singer" title="Norbert Singer">Norbert Singer</a></li> <li>Hans von Veyder-Malberg</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Porsche SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Holding" title="Porsche Holding">Porsche Holding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Engineering" title="Porsche Engineering">Porsche Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Museum,_Stuttgart" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche Museum, Stuttgart">Porsche Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Rennsport_Reunion" title="Porsche Rennsport Reunion">Porsche Rennsport Reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Design" title="Porsche Design">Porsche Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche-Arena" title="Porsche-Arena">Porsche-Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Club_of_America" title="Porsche Club of America">Porsche Club of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_type_numbers" title="Porsche type numbers">Porsche type numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_VIN_numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche VIN numbers">Porsche VIN numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highly_Innovative_Fuels_Australia" title="Highly Innovative Fuels Australia">Highly Innovative Fuels Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodromo_di_Franciacorta" title="Autodromo di Franciacorta">Porsche Experience Center Franciacorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Formula_E_Team" title="Porsche Formula E Team">Porsche Formula E Team</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Porsche_vehicles" title="Category:Porsche vehicles">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Volkswagen_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Volkswagen_Group" title="Template:Volkswagen Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Volkswagen_Group" title="Template talk:Volkswagen Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Volkswagen_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Volkswagen Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Volkswagen_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ownership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Porsche SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">State of Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Investment_Authority" title="Qatar Investment Authority">Qatar Holding LLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Group_Companies" title="Capital Group Companies">Capital Group Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions and<br />subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passenger cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Sport_GmbH" title="Audi Sport GmbH">Audi Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._J._Mulliner_%26_Co." title="H. J. Mulliner & Co.">Mulliner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout (automobile)">Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEAT" title="SEAT">SEAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cupra_(marque)" title="Cupra (marque)">Cupra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_R" title="Volkswagen R">VW R</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehol_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sehol (marque)">Sehol</a> (<abbr title="Joint venture">JV</abbr> with <a href="/wiki/JAC_Group" title="JAC Group">JAC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetta_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jetta (marque)">Jetta</a> (JV with <a href="/wiki/FAW_Group" title="FAW Group">FAW</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traton" title="Traton">Traton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN Truck & Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors">International Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Truck_%26_Bus" title="Volkswagen Truck & Bus">Volkswagen Truck & Bus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles">Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorcycles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ducati_Motor_Holding" class="mw-redirect" title="Ducati Motor Holding">Ducati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Energy_Solutions" title="MAN Energy Solutions">MAN Energy Solutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrify_America" title="Electrify America">Electrify America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrify_Canada" title="Electrify Canada">Electrify Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italdesign_Giugiaro" title="Italdesign Giugiaro">Italdesign Giugiaro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto_Volkswagen_India" title="Škoda Auto Volkswagen India">Škoda Auto Volkswagen India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_of_America" title="Volkswagen Group of America">Volkswagen Group of America</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/VW_Electronics_Research_Laboratory" title="VW Electronics Research Laboratory">Electronics Research Laboratory</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Argentina" title="Volkswagen Argentina">Volkswagen Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_do_Brasil" title="Volkswagen do Brasil">Volkswagen do Brasil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AutoLatina" title="AutoLatina">AutoLatina</a> (defunct)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_China" title="Volkswagen Group China">Volkswagen Group China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Volkswagen de México">Volkswagen de México</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_Rus" title="Volkswagen Group Rus">Volkswagen Group Rus</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_of_South_Africa" title="Volkswagen of South Africa">Volkswagen of South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shareholdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Volkswagen" title="SAIC Volkswagen">SAIC Volkswagen</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAW-Volkswagen" title="FAW-Volkswagen">FAW-Volkswagen</a> (40%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Anhui" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen Anhui">Volkswagen Anhui</a> (75%)</li> <li>Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Holdings (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAV" class="mw-redirect" title="IAV">IAV</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here_Technologies" title="Here Technologies">Here</a> (33.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_AI" title="Argo AI">Argo AI</a> (42%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinotruk_(Hong_Kong)" title="Sinotruk (Hong Kong)">Sinotruk (Hong Kong)</a> (25%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hino_Motors#History" title="Hino Motors">Hino and Traton Global Procurement</a> (51%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and<br />technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_platforms" title="List of Volkswagen Group platforms">Platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Volkswagen_vehicles" title="Category:Volkswagen vehicles">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_engines" title="List of Volkswagen Group engines">Engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Diesel:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_diesel_engines" title="List of Volkswagen Group diesel engines">current</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_discontinued_Volkswagen_Group_diesel_engines" title="List of discontinued Volkswagen Group diesel engines">discontinued</a></li> <li><i>Petrol:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_petrol_engines" title="List of Volkswagen Group petrol engines">current</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_discontinued_Volkswagen_Group_petrol_engines" title="List of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines">discontinued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_Volkswagen_engines" title="List of North American Volkswagen engines">North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlueMotion" title="BlueMotion">BlueMotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digifant_engine_management_system" title="Digifant engine management system">Digifant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct-shift_gearbox" title="Direct-shift gearbox">DSG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETKA" title="ETKA">ETKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection" title="Gasoline direct injection">FSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_injector" title="Unit injector">Pumpe Düse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattro_(four-wheel-drive_system)" title="Quattro (four-wheel-drive system)">Quattro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDI_(engine)" title="SDI (engine)">SDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDI_(engine)" title="TDI (engine)">TDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAG-COM" class="mw-redirect" title="VAG-COM">VAG-COM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Union" title="Auto Union">Auto Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKW" title="DKW">DKW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke" title="NSU Motorenwerke">NSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_(company)" title="Wanderer (company)">Wanderer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autostadt" title="Autostadt">Autostadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehra-Lessien" title="Ehra-Lessien">Ehra-Lessien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_factories" title="List of Volkswagen Group factories">Factories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Volkswagen_Group_people" title="Category:Volkswagen Group people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Porsche" title="Ferdinand Porsche">Ferdinand Porsche</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hahn" title="Carl Hahn">Carl Hahn</a> (Chairman Emeritus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Hirst" title="Ivan Hirst">Ivan Hirst</a> (Former Managing Director)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Leiding" title="Rudolf Leiding">Rudolf Leiding</a> (Former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lotz" title="Kurt Lotz">Kurt Lotz</a> (Former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Nordhoff" title="Heinrich Nordhoff">Heinrich Nordhoff</a> (Former Managing Director)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Pi%C3%ABch" title="Ferdinand Piëch">Ferdinand Piëch</a> (Former Chairman of the Supervisory Board, former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Pischetsrieder" title="Bernd Pischetsrieder">Bernd Pischetsrieder</a> (Former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dieter_P%C3%B6tsch" title="Hans Dieter Pötsch">Hans Dieter Pötsch</a> (Chairman of the Supervisory Board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Schm%C3%BCcker" title="Toni Schmücker">Toni Schmücker</a> (Former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Winterkorn" title="Martin Winterkorn">Martin Winterkorn</a> (Former Chairman of the Board of Management)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche-Pi%C3%ABch_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche-Piëch family">Porsche Family</a> (owner)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Teams: <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Motorsport" title="Volkswagen Motorsport">Rally Teams</a></li> <li>Series: <a href="/wiki/Formula_Vee" title="Formula Vee">Formula Vee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_Super_Vee" title="Formula Super Vee">Formula Super Vee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_Volkswagen_Germany" title="Formula Volkswagen Germany">Formula Volkswagen Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Jetta_TDI_Cup" title="Volkswagen Jetta TDI Cup">Jetta TDI Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Scirocco_R-Cup" title="Volkswagen Scirocco R-Cup">Scirocco R Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal" title="Volkswagen emissions scandal">Volkswagen Emissions Scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_currywurst" title="Volkswagen currywurst">Volkswagen Currywurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_worker_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen worker organizations">Volkswagen worker organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Volkswagen_Group" title="Category:Volkswagen Group">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_industry_in_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Template:Automotive industry in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry_in_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Automotive industry in Germany">Automotive industry in Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Germany" title="Economy of Germany">Economy of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Germany" title="Transport in Germany">Transport in Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_companies_of_Germany" title="Category:Automotive companies of Germany">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Germany">Active <br />vehicle <br />producers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Automobil" title="Apollo Automobil">Apollo Automobil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiways#Gumpert_Aiways_Automobile" title="Aiways">Gumpert Aiways Automobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artega_Automobile" title="Artega Automobile">Artega Automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_i" title="BMW i">BMW i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Motorrad" title="BMW Motorrad">BMW Motorrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck" title="Daimler Truck">Daimler Truck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Buses" title="Daimler Buses">Daimler Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setra" title="Setra">Setra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaris" title="Elaris">Elaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krauss-Maffei_Wegmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Krauss-Maffei Wegmann">Krauss-Maffei Wegmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isdera" title="Isdera">Isdera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotec" title="Lotec">Lotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_(marque)" title="Smart (marque)">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybach" title="Maybach">Maybach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_MAN_Military_Vehicles" title="Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles">RMMV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruf_Automobile" title="Ruf Automobile">Ruf Automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoplan" title="Neoplan">Neoplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_MAN_Military_Vehicles" title="Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles">RMMV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles">Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiesmann">Wiesmann</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Foreign_owned" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign owned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Automobil" title="Apollo Automobil">Apollo Automobil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiways#Gumpert_Aiways_Automobile" title="Aiways">Gumpert Aiways Automobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Europe" title="Ford of Europe">Ford of Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Germany" title="Ford Germany">Ford-Werke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magirus" title="Magirus">Magirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Europe" title="Hyundai Motor Europe">Hyundai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany#Former_manufacturers" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Germany">Defunct <br />vehicle <br />producers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adler_(cars_and_motorcycle)" title="Adler (cars and motorcycle)">Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach" title="Automobilwerk Eisenach">Automobilwerk Eisenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Union" title="Auto Union">Auto Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijah_Automotive" title="Baijah Automotive">Baijah Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_(automobiles)" title="Beaufort (automobiles)">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgward" title="Borgward">Borgward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgward_Group" title="Borgward Group">Borgward Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennabor" title="Brennabor">Brennabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCtsch" title="Brütsch">Brütsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCssing" title="Büssing">Büssing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKW" title="DKW">DKW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelsbrunner_Automobile_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Edelsbrunner Automobile München">Edelsbrunner Automobile München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehrhardt-Szawe" title="Ehrhardt-Szawe">Ehrhardt-Szawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenacher_Motorenwerk" title="Eisenacher Motorenwerk">Eisenacher Motorenwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuldamobil" title="Fuldamobil">Fuldamobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glas_(company)" title="Glas (company)">Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggomobil" title="Goggomobil">Goggomobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath_(company)" title="Goliath (company)">Goliath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutbrod" title="Gutbrod">Gutbrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartge" title="Hartge">Hartge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanomag#Cars" title="Hanomag">Hanomag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansa (car)">Hansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kersting-Modellbauwerkst%C3%A4tten" title="Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten">Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleinschnittger" title="Kleinschnittger">Kleinschnittger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BChlstein" title="Kühlstein">Kühlstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loremo" title="Loremo">Loremo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markranst%C3%A4dter_Automobilfabrik" title="Markranstädter Automobilfabrik">Markranstädter Automobilfabrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkus" title="Melkus">Melkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurer-Union" title="Maurer-Union">Maurer-Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Automobil_Gesellschaft" title="Neue Automobil Gesellschaft">Neue Automobil Gesellschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_German_Automobile_and_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="North German Automobile and Engine">North German Automobile and Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke" title="NSU Motorenwerke">NSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protos_of_Nonnendamm" title="Protos of Nonnendamm">Protos of Nonnendamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selve" title="Selve">Selve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simson_(company)" title="Simson (company)">Simson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steiger_(automobile_company)" title="Steiger (automobile company)">Steiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoewer" title="Stoewer">Stoewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(automobile)" title="Tempo (automobile)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_(automobile)" title="Veritas (automobile)">Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanderer (car)">Wanderer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCndapp" title="Zündapp">Zündapp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATR_(company)" title="ATR (company)">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosch_(company)" title="Bosch (company)">Bosch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ETAS_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="ETAS Group">ETAS Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4xlmaier_Group" title="Dräxlmaier Group">Dräxlmaier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrr_Group" title="Dürr Group">Dürr Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eibach_(company)" title="Eibach (company)">Eibach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getrag" title="Getrag">Getrag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%26R_(company)" title="H&R (company)">H&R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hella_(company)" title="Hella (company)">Hella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Peters" title="Hermann Peters">Hermann Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HQM_Sachsenring_GmbH" title="HQM Sachsenring GmbH">HQM Sachsenring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KW_Automotive" title="KW Automotive">KW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6we_Automobil" title="Löwe Automobil">Löwe Automobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahle_GmbH" title="Mahle GmbH">Mahle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahle_Behr" title="Mahle Behr">Mahle Behr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mann%2BHummel" title="Mann+Hummel">Mann+Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petri_AG" title="Petri AG">Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renk" title="Renk">Renk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_Automotive" title="Rheinmetall Automotive">Rheinmetall Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaeffler_Group" title="Schaeffler Group">Schaeffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voith" title="Voith">Voith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZF_Friedrichshafen" title="ZF Friedrichshafen">ZF Friedrichshafen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZF_Sachs" title="ZF Sachs">ZF Sachs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsport <br />and<br />tuners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9ff" title="9ff">9ff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abt_Sportsline" title="Abt Sportsline">Abt Sportsline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC_Schnitzer" title="AC Schnitzer">AC Schnitzer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schnitzer_Motorsport" title="Schnitzer Motorsport">Schnitzer Motorsport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpina" title="Alpina">Alpina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Performance_and_Racing" title="Audi Performance and Racing">APR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Sport_GmbH" title="Audi Sport GmbH">Audi Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-AMG" title="Mercedes-AMG">AMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBS_Autotechnik" title="BBS Autotechnik">BBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter Cars">Bitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabus" title="Brabus">Brabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M" title="BMW M">BMW M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsson_(car_company)" title="Carlsson (car company)">Carlsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinan_Cars" title="Dinan Cars">Dinan Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Power" title="G-Power">G-Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemballa" title="Gemballa">Gemballa</a></li> <li>Kleemann</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorinser" title="Lorinser">Lorinser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotec" title="Lotec">Lotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamann_Motorsport" title="Hamann Motorsport">Hamann Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartge" title="Hartge">Hartge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hofele-Design" title="Hofele-Design">Hofele-Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HWA_Team" title="HWA Team">HWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmscher" title="Irmscher">Irmscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joest_Racing" title="Joest Racing">Joest Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karosserie_Baur" title="Karosserie Baur">Karosserie Baur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenig_Specials" title="Koenig Specials">Koenig Specials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansory" title="Mansory">Mansory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkus" title="Melkus">Melkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK-Motorsport" title="MK-Motorsport">MK-Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motoren_Technik_Mayer" title="Motoren Technik Mayer">Motoren Technik Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitec_Group" title="Novitec Group">Novitec Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel_Performance_Center" title="Opel Performance Center">Opel Performance Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renntech" title="Renntech">Renntech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieger_Tuning" title="Rieger Tuning">Rieger Tuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowe_Racing" title="Rowe Racing">Rowe Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruf_Automobile" title="Ruf Automobile">Ruf Automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schubert_Motorsport" title="Schubert Motorsport">Schubert Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singer_Vehicle_Design" title="Singer Vehicle Design">Singer Vehicle Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabus" title="Brabus">Startech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brabus" title="Brabus">CRD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinmetz_Opel_Tuning" title="Steinmetz Opel Tuning">Steinmetz Opel Tuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styling_Garage" title="Styling Garage">Styling Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Rosberg" title="Team Rosberg">Team Rosberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TechArt" title="TechArt">TechArt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakspeed" title="Zakspeed">Zakspeed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Mobility" title="Mercedes-Benz Mobility">Mercedes-Benz Mobility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Bank" title="Mercedes-Benz Bank">Mercedes-Benz Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixt" title="Sixt">Sixt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verband_der_Automobilindustrie" title="Verband der Automobilindustrie">German Association of the Automotive Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Mobil_International" title="Auto Mobil International">AMI Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Motor_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Motor Show">Frankfurt Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automechanika" title="Automechanika">Automechanika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationale_Zuliefererb%C3%B6rse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internationale Zuliefererbörse (page does not exist)">IZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_NCAP" title="Euro NCAP">Euro NCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAC" title="ADAC">ADAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Standardisation_of_Automation_and_Measuring_Systems" title="Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems">ASAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technischer_%C3%9Cberwachungsverein" title="Technischer Überwachungsverein">TÜV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Masters" title="Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters">DTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrburgring" title="Nürburgring">Nürburgring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_DAX_companies_of_Germany" 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