CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917ba39629cc5fec',cH: 'i5uOpyh8QnGzON5XvQhplo96RoYPbyA25JNW7_x8Wok-1740527860-1.2.1.1-qeCREJfz0PVky0H9bmTqrNYQ8kdNvVEcBQCz2zlBmoSgwdITeoWpOFctgsJOuVVw',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Oliver%20Smith&__cf_chl_tk=WLajotJrzUJ6G6LgOlrjQtR51f4LxBNRTYUhlQua89c-1740527860-1.0.1.1-iLjDqs6l0mKvX0vnO_XvwaRKN0Hw0kuYc.._0mER9uo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740527860',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Oliver%20Smith&__cf_chl_f_tk=WLajotJrzUJ6G6LgOlrjQtR51f4LxBNRTYUhlQua89c-1740527860-1.0.1.1-iLjDqs6l0mKvX0vnO_XvwaRKN0Hw0kuYc.._0mER9uo",md: "Whwwkoecfr6ecx26df6ITTRnhdxSbSoJR7x_kDQx_nE-1740527860-1.2.1.1-wBMBg9yEMBNNWo5SPnQJIwEP_ICR7h49rMTung8smy4pOpXqCsAn7rUmem.1FKY.eSai_DrS010FJpQiQ7U3cdwYT1PW1G0EYkhLXmuWc7DdI.gf_.6GaUT_7RdCnAg7xMoh4gnLbvGn7oqcbSYa5QgDx2aKiBQvC0LjWEz3uv74e51vSyy6pRhNiX0XkZztJ._wlPSGzX3tmC2rC1NdRN1X8jPWHBoTk0yixTGvvbWdWj4SbDwZ.8IP92oJ64jwue8I17nNUmfTxPCk091hzIo0cvg87jqjGcf45o84ghbAykbebBpgV7qlK.itz0_z4QWrjnhcgnFXgTdKJz9xHIyMZstR4f9bwMK1xYm6rQXq3FBgS1UqJBU0TnSn6Gx3U19RrEcTQOPISl_97oAvGlYrbtPbq9Tok6qeomknsLP0TsoKrumgmuOH1Ke3dHJgnNBSe3nCiUI.WxZaLN8tA1Lr4zVUi6QFUAwAPPvtwY9MwJ4WuJrXu6Tp6y_zuUC146qKvDOaklpo_6sZLh__mbOPtuOreDDfu7hVoWPQAxDOSVRZ3cpuaToGzY.5dUrNPJcrX7KaZeBHxLarALy5TBoA2Ju_CAVlbiV4AIJ0v7Hrh.pCZ8RCQta8kSo.lGVOSx2hby9XiTqueTSXr5JtqGYnJrd0osEH7KRb47mS3U6JSlbqxi6vn0AfdGgvOZLG_RJ.ocQ.j2B7Z3Hs9C1W8CHvGvawaBL3c7U_vvnhWydTQgEd5B9hnYKyaaOG7YLERN5DUxgjbb7vgPahDDvN_6oOsnbSqkkG2zHVd6X0wVLxE8sl32lWHjqlCRc4m31Hx6sZ.DjpDIK40NJqozHc4pfeelDYtk6UoXf3taFY5VKr6xe52Gjl00LzgEijxXqKwpKvFfoR1Nq_fQOveYGhPIwkI_Nv_ngkwwIen.OAfWfbfbX9NeSo0LAzNh3VPvjMJIymtxdpGWbuAQa8Q0V9dK_ks3kzij.2YLOfUB61KlMK_J.KnnrtXg7g0UtKGTUGy7Bq_Kkh05y59.JcGnRQFz5yBseqV9FHmunG3VApJQ2ADAYa7572uMfUGuL_ozOzM_88clnodR_Fe9KdFFz65RaFtRzddF91CeCZh4EnHzSGFfYU6ElnikEsrc.eWZVga1a7nH8UG3U4Bv.MF0kY4AbCb6i2EqD1p3z5qmdH0aiUJTx5clhcdowp_0Qs04ReVGX87Tk0C6Dnd0dJlQELbEB94psvU7sCsJWAr0Wcp20edLDpjV6dbbfL2c7i3MFuqUNobq6wRokfz5ouVMJbUvGhiUF8Mdq9nB4yP0rJjaK.OMeZKnteWFx1Dk7Q4bAeyef8Sq2XZxR75a.szEW8kLKmsbsucNp2Kz3DnxEEMqasmKRvVBBo6j4DX7xhJYthdjfADiY754FTbmUS5csHu0B.wbgcLvLukFSvLG.w.WbxSFj4Mj9RA9_3yt_ZO5zqhVfAfPfeUnfM0tBcVGrH0HzOtBiU0pxt83u2MY7BQn4ZzME23kC9P.9gOrGUOEfCEH.4FdRSevbK5Tk3Y_FJ6l8bMcS5WDQm44Wq.1m7sLygWf_glNiYn9zYOm646tU6t2nhkfhB7QAgARO2gJGnh9uhTrtMvL49455fGGdRi1jnt4vG94Mq6X.LRzPrUcCdyatuk2mQKkxMmNogddP80w0zujGtbPKt3Yka2EbWUDg4QP4fy2sVLi24HnHDN6GzBsTsR0kii4FvK8mZpQip6el.WEqJ3f9eicThGPe_sP8E2TaIGPaZ.1vaFQVPjzz_.AHXBDMrtt_HAx4VFKjqXBRBVZK0dUQbxJB2Y.gzuzJMNsizi7qqtKlMZnN1YLou3CY8.YAK_Jp8_tgMBdTU7egcHVvWtxOw03dOmaa5QyYWypnr2A.pldFuQcZ7dVdjtJEDSOiEIMsyJ.CllReTEGy.GUMOmNU1u22RgSR5..I",mdrd: "OqkMjPAfNbrofq0.ii2zoa9gQ4bcmuQIplNeR3WHD84-1740527860-1.2.1.1-EgelRs3osrThAD1PGbw8AkPjWumbntsUhfcU98tFaoGNtIpjvGQnSSZPb3FgaZcj2yGX_7BTjd0eK1_MIFPGP9IP5.Zsabo.elp5AU.mkfoQDNGpUMeu9PxUswFvtySZcnK5RXUj_SbqecgsEuEZLvYxFEQttHUSy68c_45FtQeeSZTBQGYOwnCEboVBTtGF.rpFt8Wa6CUYxvstGH3jGLx.h8WxdWX9h7yGR5DuyYmMO7DufWsL11_9n1NoKyd1unvZRpPiQuFpEF3yVzpYGXylKN9f32zUzFrOkcWrTCkjnuBxvDTMWmLMvqrEx58kBSYk726.ewCbnGd0hdvjRnbKnOYsYWe.pjh2fQEdn5BWtCNtRT5OsbOicp.aQpku_akx_NfsaIyWlQqJe7t4rgvMpio016O4q.MHVAEwrzD_8nlelQFR6kYccs3JFBWJc61qy5mo2vM9xOt1.F4hmBZGu87CyGrqgQ52acUnNxyztIs7SiWQd4OSMMY50LAu1fZ2zPbMH22NOhrq_23nxWTuD.MTxd9Q5LyrV.Auhq9YGvM.juuvXAapFrTrP3P351PeZ7iWm72KD.fD2IoDX5D8_rcNwzqdOrVToCFqmm2tqULlWHy2ebxXD2zUBPmXXfmi9LSLzvx1sQSJs5blSZicgI7nNcgZGHn6OYMkCnU_TBEHyOEVafnHOabq_OY4ZrMFeGBbRwtS9BU_dUBYr4.z8hzFHoaJBC5pbmlI2oLOAN3uaVUPcqbGwJk1wRtJzbKudc2SGzZa95iVFYC.A2SSvB.JvmZs48uXeceRcVmsweoOEMYDFzLYceCMDlg31PEaEHeDP54hKalaobRxy7fAD.madtjK4cz7RwiUF9k3vtg1Cw1ErjZp5BYF4n3cfnux7yPBYOjJLB8htDiEx2yculboZgCIxnm65MTsktnU5mw5.KzUgrPtG15c9FQD9ZWPLxCyMtc9kpwpP1XkxSGRiZFuqm.ErgYlVtNkjo9e03d48dHO9CpGYFZSvBerY5i0RcUTBD9y_kNslGUqpa.uE.TDB2.illxjDcHRLJbwdFXJeU3T2iFQqgVx3NN1meZ32ca_ApQS4iPNMpuSEDqFkaPAn3FBSv3JwT581s0s3XR37Powpi5dEfkqwTvMNRgBYRKLhPfGIXxL_eKnKeNbmFLxwH18rOWDa8ggloEx1vp3oWL5O6BmBXCve0xjjgp3HSIJYzRkBuI4sVyDnmWaKXoSFktYT3pWcw.EOF2AI_0fiwy3XKqfiZ5nU52oLwvv3lavVoKQY1qtehnjwjONV5dXKoLNgHj3SozwtDgGVemhLrCSY43sJZeudOxV2.nokCD7.bMLPEy0WGkK2nPuZmjLBI7n_FeoNXqQAGPjwsqMOZUI_OCcq4NzruFMszemQxM5x0EDGRdeS5paIKgOewlXJzZLBXLVwhE0Skrx8e3vA2mQFqVu9kDK0oXIfhRWU8mmcDiRQNX3VjUdlM0zOUKzQGBUiOuiOybwKK.YkZOkKUGPTL4XiBnmM.RCB4cVaLpiKtIRaxusZFMJio4pGp72reMCWApJ368Q.9JWKCBCNb0NcXq1wHIo9imn4wozvcttUm4tf8A9DXpmUb_qWsDgI8rPkVU.fytBhMbBqACZcE0y2A4SoB97I1HCkJI8xTZKRBYAYIJgRIKlqRUpe1kq_b3HDCgWKKqT4DpE1IiNydxM1SqPlaeJARdSRGkWyw.yLly77GKyK7zQJbWFN0094yuvCqco198qSsBhjHvEn.F6kuRIRoGE1PG5feuk7fWtZzCxeV8T7mc3Qbt6z4MymfkqcNpI82ZWOcVY5th7xitwDBtG39JwPWwE.kayIXBTj73un_Jr9iMjOIBhI0kwR43K1_x2_AxSHZY7HGtC8Db61rj6G.Rd1HV0.Qu0KUi1HtqKifK4xnt9QgRSxrDJWJ6mK_e25HYlTWo0SshzscyLd3owaaD.uMqo2W_sHmMooKeLASyAnzJXFw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917ba39629cc5fec';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Oliver%20Smith&__cf_chl_rt_tk=WLajotJrzUJ6G6LgOlrjQtR51f4LxBNRTYUhlQua89c-1740527860-1.0.1.1-iLjDqs6l0mKvX0vnO_XvwaRKN0Hw0kuYc.._0mER9uo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>