CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/","20141112032146","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1415762506"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>Radical design proposals floated for new Penn Station</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={xpid:"UwMGUFVbGwIAXVVaAQcO"};window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(t,e,n){function r(n){if(!e[n]){var o=e[n]={exports:{}};t[n][0].call(o.exports,function(e){var o=t[n][1][e];return r(o?o:e)},o,o.exports)}return e[n].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var o=0;o<n.length;o++)r(n[o]);return r}({QJf3ax:[function(t,e){function n(t){function e(e,n,a){t&&t(e,n,a),a||(a={});for(var c=s(e),u=c.length,f=i(a,o,r),d=0;u>d;d++)c[d].apply(f,n);return f}function a(t,e){u[t]=s(t).concat(e)}function s(t){return u[t]||[]}function c(){return n(e)}var u={};return{on:a,emit:e,create:c,listeners:s,_events:u}}function r(){return{}}var o="nr@context",i=t("gos");e.exports=n()},{gos:"7eSDFh"}],ee:[function(t,e){e.exports=t("QJf3ax")},{}],3:[function(t){function e(t,e,n,i,s){try{c?c-=1:r("err",[s||new UncaughtException(t,e,n)])}catch(u){try{r("ierr",[u,(new Date).getTime(),!0])}catch(f){}}return"function"==typeof a?a.apply(this,o(arguments)):!1}function UncaughtException(t,e,n){this.message=t||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=e,this.line=n}function n(t){r("err",[t,(new Date).getTime()])}var r=t("handle"),o=t(4),i=t("ee"),a=window.onerror,s=!1,c=0;t("loader").features.err=!0,window.onerror=e,NREUM.noticeError=n;try{throw new Error}catch(u){"stack"in u&&(t(5),t(3),"addEventListener"in window&&t(1),window.XMLHttpRequest&&XMLHttpRequest.prototype&&XMLHttpRequest.prototype.addEventListener&&t(2),s=!0)}i.on("fn-start",function(){s&&(c+=1)}),i.on("fn-err",function(t,e,r){s&&(this.thrown=!0,n(r))}),i.on("fn-end",function(){s&&!this.thrown&&c>0&&(c-=1)}),i.on("internal-error",function(t){r("ierr",[t,(new Date).getTime(),!0])})},{1:4,2:7,3:5,4:18,5:6,ee:"QJf3ax",handle:"D5DuLP",loader:"G9z0Bl"}],4:[function(t,e){function n(t){i.inPlace(t,["addEventListener","removeEventListener"],"-",r)}function r(t){return t[1]}var o=(t(1),t("ee").create()),i=t(2)(o),a=t("gos");if(e.exports=o,n(window),"getPrototypeOf"in Object){for(var s=document;s&&!s.hasOwnProperty("addEventListener");)s=Object.getPrototypeOf(s);s&&n(s);for(var c=XMLHttpRequest.prototype;c&&!c.hasOwnProperty("addEventListener");)c=Object.getPrototypeOf(c);c&&n(c)}else XMLHttpRequest.prototype.hasOwnProperty("addEventListener")&&n(XMLHttpRequest.prototype);o.on("addEventListener-start",function(t){if(t[1]){var e=t[1];"function"==typeof e?this.wrapped=t[1]=a(e,"nr@wrapped",function(){return i(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous")}):"function"==typeof e.handleEvent&&i.inPlace(e,["handleEvent"],"fn-")}}),o.on("removeEventListener-start",function(t){var e=this.wrapped;e&&(t[1]=e)})},{1:18,2:19,ee:"QJf3ax",gos:"7eSDFh"}],5:[function(t,e){var n=(t(2),t("ee").create()),r=t(1)(n);e.exports=n,r.inPlace(window,["requestAnimationFrame","mozRequestAnimationFrame","webkitRequestAnimationFrame","msRequestAnimationFrame"],"raf-"),n.on("raf-start",function(t){t[0]=r(t[0],"fn-")})},{1:19,2:18,ee:"QJf3ax"}],6:[function(t,e){function n(t,e,n){var r=t[0];"string"==typeof r&&(r=new Function(r)),t[0]=o(r,"fn-",null,n)}var r=(t(2),t("ee").create()),o=t(1)(r);e.exports=r,o.inPlace(window,["setTimeout","setInterval","setImmediate"],"setTimer-"),r.on("setTimer-start",n)},{1:19,2:18,ee:"QJf3ax"}],7:[function(t,e){function n(){c.inPlace(this,d,"fn-")}function r(t,e){c.inPlace(e,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-")}function o(t,e){return e}var i=t("ee").create(),a=t(1),s=t(2),c=s(i),u=s(a),f=window.XMLHttpRequest,d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"];e.exports=i,window.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){var e=new f(t);try{i.emit("new-xhr",[],e),u.inPlace(e,["addEventListener","removeEventListener"],"-",function(t,e){return e}),e.addEventListener("readystatechange",n,!1)}catch(r){try{i.emit("internal-error",[r])}catch(o){}}return e},window.XMLHttpRequest.prototype=f.prototype,c.inPlace(XMLHttpRequest.prototype,["open","send"],"-xhr-",o),i.on("send-xhr-start",r),i.on("open-xhr-start",r)},{1:4,2:19,ee:"QJf3ax"}],8:[function(t){function e(t){if("string"==typeof t&&t.length)return t.length;if("object"!=typeof t)return void 0;if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&t instanceof ArrayBuffer&&t.byteLength)return t.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&t instanceof Blob&&t.size)return t.size;if("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&t instanceof FormData)return void 0;try{return JSON.stringify(t).length}catch(e){return void 0}}function n(t){var n=this.params,r=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var i=0;c>i;i++)t.removeEventListener(s[i],this.listener,!1);if(!n.aborted){if(r.duration=(new Date).getTime()-this.startTime,4===t.readyState){n.status=t.status;var a=t.responseType,u="arraybuffer"===a||"blob"===a||"json"===a?t.response:t.responseText,f=e(u);if(f&&(r.rxSize=f),this.sameOrigin){var d=t.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");d&&(n.cat=d.split(", ").pop())}}else n.status=0;r.cbTime=this.cbTime,o("xhr",[n,r,this.startTime])}}}function r(t,e){var n=i(e),r=t.params;r.host=n.hostname+":"+n.port,r.pathname=n.pathname,t.sameOrigin=n.sameOrigin}if(window.XMLHttpRequest&&XMLHttpRequest.prototype&&XMLHttpRequest.prototype.addEventListener&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent)){t("loader").features.xhr=!0;var o=t("handle"),i=t(2),a=t("ee"),s=["load","error","abort","timeout"],c=s.length,u=t(1);t(4),t(3),a.on("new-xhr",function(){this.totalCbs=0,this.called=0,this.cbTime=0,this.end=n,this.ended=!1,this.xhrGuids={}}),a.on("open-xhr-start",function(t){this.params={method:t[0]},r(this,t[1]),this.metrics={}}),a.on("open-xhr-end",function(t,e){"loader_config"in NREUM&&"xpid"in NREUM.loader_config&&this.sameOrigin&&e.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",NREUM.loader_config.xpid)}),a.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,n){var r=this.metrics,o=t[0],i=this;if(r&&o){var u=e(o);u&&(r.txSize=u)}this.startTime=(new Date).getTime(),this.listener=function(t){try{"abort"===t.type&&(i.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==t.type||i.called===i.totalCbs&&(i.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof n.onload))&&i.end(n)}catch(e){try{a.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(r){}}};for(var f=0;c>f;f++)n.addEventListener(s[f],this.listener,!1)}),a.on("xhr-cb-time",function(t,e,n){this.cbTime+=t,e?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof n.onload||this.end(n)}),a.on("xhr-load-added",function(t,e){var n=""+u(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[n]&&(this.xhrGuids[n]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}),a.on("xhr-load-removed",function(t,e){var n=""+u(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[n]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[n],this.totalCbs-=1)}),a.on("addEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof XMLHttpRequest&&"load"===t[0]&&a.emit("xhr-load-added",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),a.on("removeEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof XMLHttpRequest&&"load"===t[0]&&a.emit("xhr-load-removed",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),a.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){e instanceof XMLHttpRequest&&("onload"===n&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(t[0]&&t[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(new Date).getTime()))}),a.on("fn-end",function(t,e){this.xhrCbStart&&a.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(new Date).getTime()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,e],e)})}},{1:"XL7HBI",2:9,3:7,4:4,ee:"QJf3ax",handle:"D5DuLP",loader:"G9z0Bl"}],9:[function(t,e){e.exports=function(t){var e=document.createElement("a"),n=window.location,r={};e.href=t,r.port=e.port;var o=e.href.split("://");return!r.port&&o[1]&&(r.port=o[1].split("/")[0].split(":")[1]),r.port&&"0"!==r.port||(r.port="https"===o[0]?"443":"80"),r.hostname=e.hostname||n.hostname,r.pathname=e.pathname,"/"!==r.pathname.charAt(0)&&(r.pathname="/"+r.pathname),r.sameOrigin=!e.hostname||e.hostname===document.domain&&e.port===n.port&&e.protocol===n.protocol,r}},{}],gos:[function(t,e){e.exports=t("7eSDFh")},{}],"7eSDFh":[function(t,e){function n(t,e,n){if(r.call(t,e))return t[e];var o=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:o,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),o}catch(i){}return t[e]=o,o}var r=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=n},{}],D5DuLP:[function(t,e){function n(t,e,n){return r.listeners(t).length?r.emit(t,e,n):(o[t]||(o[t]=[]),void o[t].push(e))}var r=t("ee").create(),o={};e.exports=n,n.ee=r,r.q=o},{ee:"QJf3ax"}],handle:[function(t,e){e.exports=t("D5DuLP")},{}],XL7HBI:[function(t,e){function n(t){var e=typeof t;return!t||"object"!==e&&"function"!==e?-1:t===window?0:i(t,o,function(){return r++})}var r=1,o="nr@id",i=t("gos");e.exports=n},{gos:"7eSDFh"}],id:[function(t,e){e.exports=t("XL7HBI")},{}],loader:[function(t,e){e.exports=t("G9z0Bl")},{}],G9z0Bl:[function(t,e){function n(){var t=p.info=NREUM.info;if(t&&t.agent&&t.licenseKey&&t.applicationID&&c&&c.body){p.proto="https"===d.split(":")[0]||t.sslForHttp?"https://":"http://",a("mark",["onload",i()]);var e=c.createElement("script");e.src=p.proto+t.agent,c.body.appendChild(e)}}function r(){"complete"===c.readyState&&o()}function o(){a("mark",["domContent",i()])}function i(){return(new Date).getTime()}var a=t("handle"),s=window,c=s.document,u="addEventListener",f="attachEvent",d=(""+location).split("?")[0],p=e.exports={offset:i(),origin:d,features:{}};c[u]?(c[u]("DOMContentLoaded",o,!1),s[u]("load",n,!1)):(c[f]("onreadystatechange",r),s[f]("onload",n)),a("mark",["firstbyte",i()])},{handle:"D5DuLP"}],18:[function(t,e){function n(t,e,n){e||(e=0),"undefined"==typeof n&&(n=t?t.length:0);for(var r=-1,o=n-e||0,i=Array(0>o?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=t[e+r];return i}e.exports=n},{}],19:[function(t,e){function n(t){return!(t&&"function"==typeof t&&t.apply&&!t[i])}var r=t("ee"),o=t(1),i="nr@wrapper",a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=function(t){function e(t,e,r,a){function nrWrapper(){var n,i,s,u;try{i=this,n=o(arguments),s=r&&r(n,i)||{}}catch(d){f([d,"",[n,i,a],s])}c(e+"start",[n,i,a],s);try{return u=t.apply(i,n)}catch(p){throw c(e+"err",[n,i,p],s),p}finally{c(e+"end",[n,i,u],s)}}return n(t)?t:(e||(e=""),nrWrapper[i]=!0,u(t,nrWrapper),nrWrapper)}function s(t,r,o,i){o||(o="");var a,s,c,u="-"===o.charAt(0);for(c=0;c<r.length;c++)s=r[c],a=t[s],n(a)||(t[s]=e(a,u?s+o:o,i,s,t))}function c(e,n,r){try{t.emit(e,n,r)}catch(o){f([o,e,n,r])}}function u(t,e){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var n=Object.keys(t);return n.forEach(function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,{get:function(){return t[n]},set:function(e){return t[n]=e,e}})}),e}catch(r){f([r])}for(var o in t)a.call(t,o)&&(e[o]=t[o]);return e}function f(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(n){}}return t||(t=r),e.inPlace=s,e.flag=i,e}},{1:18,ee:"QJf3ax"}]},{},["G9z0Bl",3,8]);</script> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <meta name="description" content="The Municipal Art Society of New York has announced four possible replacement designs for Penn Station and Madison Square Garden."/> <meta name="keywords" content="New York,Skidmore, Owings & Merrill,H3 Design,DS R,SHoP Architects,Architects,Transport,Architecture"/> <meta name="news_keywords" content="New York, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, H3 Design, DS R, SHoP Architects, Architects, Transport"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@gizmag"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Radical design proposals floated for new Penn Station"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The Municipal Art Society of New York has announced four possible replacement designs for Penn Station and Madison Square Garden."/> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="http://images.gizmag.com/hero/penn-station-proposals.jpg"/> <meta name="twitter:domain" content="gizmag.com"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/"/> <link rel="image_src" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/penn-station-proposals.jpg"/> <link rel="alternate" media="handheld" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://m.gizmag.com/article/27755"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146cs_/http://files.gizmag.com/static_styles.min.css?x=1415750420"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20141112032146cs_/http://www.gizmag.com/css/dynamic_styles.php?x=1415750420"/> <script src="/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/css_browser_selector.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/xml/" title="Gizmag Emerging Technology Magazine"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20141112032146im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20141112032146im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/web/20141112032146im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/>   <script type="text/javascript"> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; (function() { var gads = document.createElement("script"); gads.async = true; gads.type = "text/javascript"; var useSSL = "https:" == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? "https:" : "http:") + "//web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js"; var node = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); })(); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { gpt_pushdown = googletag.defineSlot('/1007667/ca-pub-1607124478120364/pushdown', [[728,90], [970,90], [970,250]], 'pushdown') .addService(googletag.pubads()); gpt_skyscraper = googletag.defineSlot('/1007667/ca-pub-1607124478120364/Architecture_Skyscraper_Right_160x600', [160,600], 'skyscraper_right') .addService(googletag.pubads()); gpt_bottom_inc = googletag.defineSlot('/1007667/ca-pub-1607124478120364/bottom_include', [1,1], 'bottom_include') .addService(googletag.pubads()); gpt_islandtr = googletag.defineSlot('/1007667/ca-pub-1607124478120364/Architecture_IslandTop_Right_300x250', [[300,250], [336,280], [300,600], [300,1050]], 'island_top_right') .addService(googletag.pubads()); gpt_islandbr = googletag.defineSlot('/1007667/ca-pub-1607124478120364/Architecture_IslandBottom_Right_300x250', [[300,250], [336,280], [300,600]], 'island_bottom_right') .addService(googletag.pubads()); gpt_article_fllwr = googletag.defineSlot('/1007667/ca-pub-1607124478120364/Article_300x600_Follower', [300,600], 'article_follower') .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('pt', 'a'); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.pubads().set('page_url','https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/'); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script src="//web.archive.org/web/20141112032146js_/http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/global_public.js?1404869523"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $jqr(function () { $jqr('#mobile-link').click(function(){ document.cookie="view=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/"; location.reload(); }); $jqr('#desktop-link').click(function(){ document.cookie="view=desktop; path=/"; location.reload(); }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/articles_public.js?1404869523"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/related_article_log.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/jquery.sticky.js"></script> <script> $jqr(document).ready(function(){ $jqr("#article_follower").sticky({topSpacing:15, bottomSpacing:835}); }); </script> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/login_comments.js?1404869523"></script>  <div id="fb-root"></div> <script> window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: '38456013908', status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true, oauth: true, channelUrl: window.location.protocol + '//web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/fb_channel.php' //channel file to avoid cross domain communication issues }); FB.Event.subscribe('auth.logout', function(response) { if(response.authResponse===null){ //user is logging out of facebook logoutUser(); } }); var $jqr = jQuery.noConflict(); $jqr(document).ready(function() { var fbuser = checkFBUser(); }); }; // Load the SDK Asynchronously (function(d){ var js, id = 'facebook-jssdk', ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.src = "//web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js"; ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); </script>   <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-2235360-4']); _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 1, 'Section','Architecture',3 ]); _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 2, 'Writer', 'David Szondy', 3 ]); _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 4, 'PPV_test3', '1', 3 ]); _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 5, 'ArticleID', '27755', 3 ]); _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 3, 'View', 'Article', 3 ]); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageLoadTime']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://' : 'http://') + 'stats.g.doubleclick.net/dc.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(ga); })(); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/ga_social_tracking_min.js"></script>  <div class="index" id="top_index"> <div class="index_center"> <ul class="header_links float_left"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.youtube.com/user/gizmag" title="Gizmag's YouTube Channel"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/iconmonstr-youtube-icon-48.png"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://twitter.com/gizmag/" title="Follow Gizmag on Twitter"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/iconmonstr-twitter-icon-48.png"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.stumbleupon.com/to/stumble/stumblethru:gizmag.com?utm_source=GizMag&utm_medium=StumbleThru&utm_campaign=StumbleThruButton" title="Explore Gizmag" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/iconmonstr-stumbleupon-icon-48.png"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/xml/" title="Subscribe to Gizmag's RSS feed"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/iconmonstr-rss-icon-48.png"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://store.gizmag.com/" title="Shop at the Gizmag store"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/iconmonstr-shopping-cart-3-icon-48.png"></a></li> </ul>   <div id="search_form_top"> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/search/" id="cse-search-box-top"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-1607124478120364:cf1bgg5f284"/> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:11"/> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1"/> <input type="text" name="q" size="28" class="gsearch"/> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"/> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box-top&lang=en"></script> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="top_strip"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/eicma-2014/" target="_blank">Motorcycle mania from EICMA 2014</a></div> <div class="center" id="main-content"> <div id="header"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/" id="logo"></a> </div> <div id="pushdown" data-cb-ad-id="Pushdown"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("pushdown"); }); </script> </div>  <div id="top_stories"> <ul> <li id="top_story0"> <a class="ts_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/impossible-electric-bike-folding-backpack/34683/" title="Impossible electric bike folds up to fit in a backpack"></a> <div class="ts_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/impossible-electric-bike-folding-backpack/34683/">Impossible electric bike folds up to fit in a backpack</a> </div> </li> <li id="top_story1"> <a class="ts_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/crazy-cars-sema-show-2014/34641/" title="Crazy car creations of the 2014 SEMA Show"></a> <div class="ts_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/crazy-cars-sema-show-2014/34641/">Crazy car creations of the 2014 SEMA Show</a> </div> </li> <li id="top_story2"> <a class="ts_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/elvie-pelvic-floor-muscle-exercise-device/34666/" title="Elvie provides personal training for the pelvic floor"></a> <div class="ts_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/elvie-pelvic-floor-muscle-exercise-device/34666/">Elvie provides personal training for the pelvic floor</a> </div> </li> <li id="top_story3"> <a class="ts_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/esa-moon-moonbase-3d-printing/34673/" title="ESA explores the concept of a 3D-printed moonbase"></a> <div class="ts_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/esa-moon-moonbase-3d-printing/34673/">ESA explores the concept of a 3D-printed moonbase</a> </div> </li> <li id="top_story4"> <a class="ts_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/francoise-gissy-333-kmh-rocket-bicycle/34663/" title="Interview with a madman: Francois Gissy hits 333 km/h on rocket-powered bicycle"></a> <div class="ts_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/francoise-gissy-333-kmh-rocket-bicycle/34663/">Interview with a madman: Francois Gissy hits 333 km/h on rocket-powered bicycle</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div id="more_top_stories"> <a id="mts_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/top_stories/"></a> <a id="mts_txt" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/top_stories/">more top stories</a> </div> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="content" class="narrow_content"> <div id="article_top" class="summary_details" data-article="27755">  <div class="sd_top"> <a class="vsmall" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/architecture/" style="float: left; margin-right: 9px;">ARCHITECTURE</a> </div>  <h1 id="ar_title">Radical design proposals floated for new Penn Station</h1> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/author/david-szondy/" rel="author">David Szondy</a></p> <p><em>June 4, 2013</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <div class="has_comments"><a href="penn-station-proposals#comments">9 Comments</a></div> <div class="has_pictures"><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/pictures">45 Pictures</a></div> </div> </div> <div id="article_share_rail"> <div class="as_button"><div class="fb-like" data-href="http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/" data-send="false" data-layout="box_count" data-show-faces="false"></div><script type="text/javascript">_ga.trackFacebook();</script></div> <div class="as_button"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-count="vertical" data-via="gizmag">Tweet</a></div> <div class="as_button"><div class="g-plusone" data-size="tall" data-href="http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/"></div></div> <div class="as_button"><iframe style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146if_/http://badge.stumbleupon.com/badge/embed/5/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizmag.com%2Fpenn-station-proposals%2F27755%2F" width="50" height="60" id="iframe-stmblpn-widget-1"></iframe></div> <div class="as_button"><div class="pin-it-button" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146oe_/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/" data-image="http://images.gizmag.com/hero/penn-station-proposals.jpg" data-description="The Municipal Art Society of New York has announced four possible replacement designs for Penn Station and Madison Square Garden."></div></div> <div class="as_button"><script type="IN/Share" data-counter="top"></script></div> <div class="as_button" id="reddit_button_rail"><script type="text/javascript">reddit_newwindow='1'</script></div>  </div> <div id="hero_box"> <a id="hero_link" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/pictures"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/penn-station-proposals.jpg" title="Interior view of Penn Station by DS+R Design (Image: DS+R Design)" alt="Interior view of Penn Station by DS+R Design (Image: DS+R Design)"/> </a> <div class="pic_caption"> <p>Interior view of Penn Station by DS+R Design (Image: DS+R Design)</p> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/pictures" id="gallery_link">Image Gallery</a> (45 images) </div> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div class="article_body"> <div id="top_unit"></div> <p>Like many US railway stations, New York’s Penn Station is a shadow of its former self. With redevelopment of the station hindered by its location under Madison Square Garden, the Municipal Art Society (MAS) of New York hopes to relocate the gardens and rebuild the station for the 21st century. Last week, the MAS announced four possible designs for Penn Station and Madison Square Garden as part of its Design Challenge aimed at replacing or remodelling the current structure.</p> <ul id="gallery_images"> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/pictures#1" class="image"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/gallery_tn/penn-station-proposals-14.jpg" title="Park on top level of Penn Station by DS+R Design (Image: DS+R Design)" alt="Park on top level of Penn Station by DS+R Design (Image: DS+R Design)"/></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/pictures#2" class="image"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/gallery_tn/penn-station-proposals-35.jpg" title="Madison Square Garden by SHoP Architects (Image: SHoP Architects)" alt="Madison Square Garden by SHoP Architects (Image: SHoP Architects)"/></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/pictures#3" class="image"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/gallery_tn/penn-station-proposals-3.jpg" title="Penn Station upper floor plan by DS+R Design (Image: DS+R Design)" alt="Penn Station upper floor plan by DS+R Design (Image: DS+R Design)"/></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/pictures#4" class="image"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/gallery_tn/penn-station-proposals-15.jpg" title="Penn Station at night by DS+R Design (Image: DS+R Design)" alt="Penn Station at night by DS+R Design (Image: DS+R Design)"/></a></li> <li id="view_all"><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/pictures" class="blue">View all<br/></a></li> </ul> <div class="clear_both"></div> <p>The brief of the competition was to reimagine Pennsylvania or Penn Station as an “urban gateway” and move Madison Square Garden to a new location to allow for expansion. If realized, this redevelopment would be the most radical change to the station since the original building was controversially demolished in 1963 and rebuilt with the current Madison Square Garden on top of it.</p> <p>The competition was prompted by expiration of Madison Square Garden’s permit, which its owners wish to have renewed in perpetuity. However, the MAS, in partnership with the Regional Plan Association, formed the Alliance for a New Penn Station with the objective of renewing the permit for only ten years to prompt redevelopment of the site. The final decision on the permit will be made by the New York City Council in July and the Design Challenge is intended to help build the case for a limited permit and redevelopment.</p> <h2>The Winning Designs</h2> <h3>Diller Scofidio + Renfro with Josh Sirefman</h3> <p>Dubbed “Penn Station 3.0,” the Diller Scofidio + Renfro (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.dsrny.com/" target="_blank">DS+R</a>) with Josh Sirefman design is presented as a city within a city and “a porous and light-filled civic structure filled with diverse new programs that reflect the hybridity of contemporary urban life.” The designers see it as not only a transport hub, but as a destination in itself. It consists of layers divided into various activities based on time taken, from fast activities on top to slower ones below. The idea is that the structure will have a cascade effect as one descends to the trains and the layers “decelerate” in time. In this design, Madison Square Garden would be relocated to the west end of the Farley building on Ninth Avenue, with access to Eighth Avenue.</p> <div class="article_img"><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/pictures#14" target="_blank"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/inline/penn-station-proposals-13.jpg" width="" alt="Food court at Penn Station by DS+R Design (Image: DS+R Design)"/></a></div> <h3>H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture</h3> <p>The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.h3hc.com/" target="_blank">H3 Hardy</a> design sees itself as a way to improve New York’s essential systems. In this case, these systems are seen as public spaces, entertainment, environment, transportation, education and economic development. The key to this is relocating Madison Square Garden to a 16-acre (6.4 ha) site on the west side waterfront. The project would not only involve a new Penn Station, but also an eight-track high-speed rail expansion going south, improved amenities and three-acre (1.2 ha) public park, retail complex, and two-acre (0.8 ha) roof garden, a new Center of Education and 24 million feet (222.9 ha) of private development.</p> <div class="article_img"><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/pictures#22" target="_blank"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/inline/penn-station-proposals-23.jpg" width="" alt="Train Hall by H3 Design (Image: H3 Design)"/></a></div> <h3>SHoP Architects</h3> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.shoparc.com/" target="_blank">SHoP Architects</a> plan to expand the main hall of Penn Station to turn it into a bright, airy space that the designers see as the center of a new destination district called Gotham Gateway. Security and rail capacity would be improved and there would be new parks and amenities with a view to attracting private investment to help pay for the project, as well as a new High Line to connect with the relocated Madison Square Garden.</p> <div class="article_img"><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/pictures#33" target="_blank"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/inline/penn-station-proposals-34.jpg" width="" alt="Train platform by SHoP Architects (Image: SHoP Architects)"/></a></div> <h3>SOM</h3> <p>The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/https://www.som.com/" target="_blank">SOM</a> design wants to expand Penn Station over two more blocks with high-speed rail lines for the Northeast corridor for better commuter rail service and direct rail connections to John F. Kennedy, LaGuardia, and Newark Liberty International airports. The main focus would be a ticketing hall dominated by a dramatic oval skylight. A dedicated vehicular drop-off and pedestrian connections to the surrounding area would also be included. Retail spaces would be integrated into traffic areas, so that the station blends seamlessly into the city itself. Expanded train platforms would make up the lowest level.</p> <div class="article_img"><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/pictures#38" target="_blank"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/inline/penn-station-proposals-54.jpg" width="" alt="Cutaway view of Penn Station by SOM Design (Image: SOM Design)"/></a></div> <p>Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://mas.org/urbanplanning/new-penn-station-2/" target="_blank">MAS</a> via <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.theverge.com/2013/5/31/4382708/penn-station-madison-square-garden-redesign-proposals-images?utm_source=feedly" target="_blank"><em>The Verge</em></a></p>  <span class="title share_bar">Share</span> <div id="article_share_bar" class="dotsontop share_bar"> <div class="as_button fb_as_button"><div class="fb-like" data-href="http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/" data-send="false" data-layout="box_count" data-show-faces="false" data-share="true"></div><script type="text/javascript">_ga.trackFacebook();</script></div> <div class="as_button"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-count="vertical" data-via="gizmag">Tweet</a></div> <div class="as_button"><div class="g-plusone" data-size="tall" data-href="http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/"></div></div> <div class="as_button stumble_as_button"><iframe style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146if_/http://badge.stumbleupon.com/badge/embed/5/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizmag.com%2Fpenn-station-proposals%2F27755%2F" width="50" height="60" id="iframe-stmblpn-widget-2"></iframe></div> <div class="as_button"><div class="pin-it-button" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146oe_/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/" data-image="http://images.gizmag.com/hero/penn-station-proposals.jpg" data-description="The Municipal Art Society of New York has announced four possible replacement designs for Penn Station and Madison Square Garden."></div></div> <div class="as_button"><script type="IN/Share" data-counter="top"></script></div> <div class="as_button" id="reddit_button_bar"><script type="text/javascript">reddit_newwindow='1'</script></div>  </div>   <div id="fm-well-zone" data-cb-ad-id="Content Well 1"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146js_/http://static.fmpub.net/zone/7980"></script> </div> <div id="bottom_unit" data-cb-ad-id="Content Well 2"> <style> .article-bottom-responsive { width: 530px; height: 300px; } </style> <script async src="//web.archive.org/web/20141112032146js_/http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle article-bottom-responsive" style="display:inline-block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1607124478120364" data-ad-slot="6055296962"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div>  <div style="margin-bottom: 20px"> <div class="OUTBRAIN" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146oe_/http://www.gizmag.com/penn-station-proposals/27755/" data-widget-id="AR_1" data-ob-template="Gizmag"></div> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146js_/http://widgets.outbrain.com/outbrain.js"></script> </div> </div>  <span class="title clear_left" id="author_byline_title">About the Author</span> <div class="dotsontop" id="authorcontainer">  <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/author/david-szondy/"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/author_profiles/153.jpg" alt="David Szondy" id="bio_pic"/> </a>   David Szondy is a freelance writer based in Monroe, Washington. An award-winning playwright, he has contributed to Charged and iQ magazine and is the author of the website <em>Tales of Future Past</em>.   <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/author/david-szondy/">All articles by David Szondy</a> <span id="author_byline_links">   </span> <br class="clear_both"> </div>  <div id="tags"> <span class="title">Tags</span> <div class="dotsontop"> <ul> <li>» <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/architects/" rel="tag">Architects</a></li> <li>» <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/new-york/" rel="tag">New York</a></li> <li>» <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/som/" rel="tag">Skidmore, Owings & Merrill</a></li> <li>» <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/transport/" rel="tag">Transport</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> </div> <div id="bing_unit"></div>  <span class="title" id="comments">9 Comments</span> <div class="dotsontop"> <div id="comment-230104" class="a_comment"> <p>WOW. Imagination is a BEAUTIFUL thing. I could see this winning the bid and becoming a major city hangout. Cost is going to be interesting though.. </p> <span class="name">Brooks Hubbard</span><br> <span class="date"> 4th June, 2013 @ 06:37 pm PDT</span> </div> <div id="comment-230221" class="a_comment"> <p>main picture look a bit like Lisbon Oriente Rail Station. See <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8175/7940615006_5bb82bf37d_z.jpg">http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8175/7940615006_5bb82bf37d_z.jpg</a> </p> <p></p> <p>Looks great but it is horribly uncomfortable. Rail station have to have big holes in them to let the trains in and out. If you do not model the design in a wind tunnel, you could end up with dust in your eye, like the Portuguese. </p> <span class="name">Dirk Scott</span><br> <span class="date"> 5th June, 2013 @ 03:37 am PDT</span> </div> <div id="comment-230287" class="a_comment"> <p>Bout time station gets modernized but Id have replica of Orig station for a Museum center & for dining above, below the Newer sections alone. </p> <p>& use site for TV & movie production </p> <span class="name">Stephen N Russell</span><br> <span class="date"> 5th June, 2013 @ 09:30 am PDT</span> </div> <div id="comment-230317" class="a_comment"> <p>Wow, this will be difficult to build, but most architect wet dreams are hard to build. </p> <span class="name">Nelson</span><br> <span class="date"> 5th June, 2013 @ 10:23 am PDT</span> </div> <div id="comment-230323" class="a_comment"> <p>I love the inner design, or at least these visuals of it. </p> <p></p> <p>Dirk Scott - thanks for the Lisbon station photo! I'm sure that station did look more stylish and cool on sketches than it does now, in reality. I actually find the photo a bit depressing. Good point about airflow. </p> <p></p> <p>The main thing I find disappointing about the Penn Station concept is that the overall layout surrenders to the city grid. The city block layout defines where it begins and ends. Even if it takes the size of several blocks, it is still shaped by them. Very sad in a way. I'm so hoping for architects to break these barriers and to start "fading" their designs into their surroundings. Build things at an angle! Use land features, topography (well ok not in this case) and other surroundings to define shapes! Break the grid! </p> <p></p> <p></p> <span class="name">BeWalt</span><br> <span class="date"> 5th June, 2013 @ 10:31 am PDT</span> </div> <div id="comment-230353" class="a_comment"> <p>Go back and look at all the slides! All the previous comments seem to have taken these four schemes as a single competition entry, but they're not! Four radically different schemes by: </p> <p>DS+R </p> <p>H3 Hardy </p> <p>SHoP </p> <p>SOM </p> <p>Not sure which one I favor, maybe SOM. </p> <p></p> <p></p> <span class="name">Takis</span><br> <span class="date"> 5th June, 2013 @ 12:32 pm PDT</span> </div> <div id="comment-230797" class="a_comment"> <p>I really like the more open air design sketches and would like to see the fluid transition from surface to sub terrain become a reality in New York City. We need new for our infrastructure. Old New York has been old too long now.. </p> <span class="name">Gargamoth</span><br> <span class="date"> 6th June, 2013 @ 02:31 pm PDT</span> </div> <div id="comment-231385" class="a_comment"> <p>Gargamoth, </p> <p></p> <p>You are quite mistaken. The original Penn Station, demolished in 1963, was a magnificent structure with the "open air" design you ascribe only to the future. Google the images. Virtually all New Yorkers agree that the current Madison Square Garden and the Penn Station beneath it are architectural atrocities. They were constructed thanks to the attitude of "We need new for our infrastructure. Old New York has been old too long now." These concepts are better than what we have now, but compared to the grand Penn Station that once was, they're not much better than generic shopping malls. </p> <span class="name">Gadgeteer</span><br> <span class="date"> 8th June, 2013 @ 10:01 am PDT</span> </div> <div id="comment-232333" class="a_comment"> <p>You are right BeWalt, real concrete is really depressing when compared with Architect's drawings. Using and being in the Lisbon Oriente rail station is quite different from looking at the whole building from a distance. </p> <span class="name">Dirk Scott</span><br> <span class="date"> 12th June, 2013 @ 01:27 pm PDT</span> </div> </div> <span class="title">Post a Comment</span> <div class="dotsontop" id="comment_form_div"> <div id="comment_form" data-article="27755"> <div id="comments_login"> <form action="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/index.php" name="login_form" id="login_form" onsubmit="return false;"> <p class="bold">Login with your gizmag account:</p> <p id="login_status"></p> <label for="email">Email</label><input type="text" name="email" id="email" value=""/> <label for="password">Password</label><input type="password" name="password" id="password" value=""/> <input type="submit" value="Log In" class="med"/> <div id="options"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/register/">Register here</a><br> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/new_password/">Forgotten your password?</a> </div> <input type="hidden" id="expired_comment" value=""/> </form> </div> <div id="facebook_login"> <p>Or <span class="bold">Login with Facebook:</span></p><br/> <div class="fb-login-button" data-scope="email" data-max-rows="1" data-onlogin="loginFUser(27755);" data-autologoutlink="true"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div>  <span class="title">Related Articles</span> <div id="related_articles" class="dotsontop"> <ul> <li data-id="27461"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/mcdonalds-giorgi-khmaladze-architecture/27461/" title="The new fuel station and McDonald’s is located in the seaside city of Batumi, Georgia" data-id="27461"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/mcdgeorgia.jpg" alt="The new fuel station and McDonald’s is located in the seaside city of Batumi, Georgia"/> </a> <a class="rel_title" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/mcdonalds-giorgi-khmaladze-architecture/27461/">Futuristic McDonald's to open in Georgia</a> <p class="rel_date">10th May, 2013</p> </li> <li data-id="20057"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/blackfriars-solar-railway-bridge/20057/" title="The new Blackfriars railway station, being built on the foundations of a Victorian bridge ..." data-id="20057"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/blackfriarssolar.jpg" alt="The new Blackfriars railway station, being built on the foundations of a Victorian bridge ..."/> </a> <a class="rel_title" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/blackfriars-solar-railway-bridge/20057/">Work starts on world's largest solar bridge at Blackfriars</a> <p class="rel_date">5th October, 2011</p> </li> <li data-id="22667"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/brooklyn-botanic-gardens-visitor-center/22667/" title="The new visitor center at the Brooklyn Botanic Gardens officially opened its doors earlier..." data-id="22667"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/brooklyngardens.jpg" alt="The new visitor center at the Brooklyn Botanic Gardens officially opened its doors earlier..."/> </a> <a class="rel_title" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/brooklyn-botanic-gardens-visitor-center/22667/">Brooklyn Botanical Garden Visitor Center features a 10,000 square foot living roof</a> <p class="rel_date">28th May, 2012</p> </li> <li data-id="16591"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/bus-roots-biobus/16591/" title="Digital mockup of a bus-top garden (Image: Marco Castro Cosio)" data-id="16591"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/biobus.jpg" alt="Digital mockup of a bus-top garden (Image: Marco Castro Cosio)"/> </a> <a class="rel_title" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/bus-roots-biobus/16591/">Living garden on bus rooftop to add some rolling green to city streets</a> <p class="rel_date">6th October, 2010</p> </li> <li data-id="26083"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/flix-live-kitchen-portable/26083/" title="The flix Live portable kitchen features folding 'wings' on three sides" data-id="26083"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/flix-live-14.jpg" alt="The flix Live portable kitchen features folding 'wings' on three sides"/> </a> <a class="rel_title" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/flix-live-kitchen-portable/26083/">flix Live puts the kitchen on wheels</a> <p class="rel_date">3rd February, 2013</p> </li> <li data-id="27471"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/iss-spacewalk-repair-ammonia-coolant-leak/27471/" title="The International Space Station awaiting repair of a coolant leak" data-id="27471"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/iss-spacewalk-saturday-repair-ammonia-coolant-leak-4.jpg" alt="The International Space Station awaiting repair of a coolant leak"/> </a> <a class="rel_title" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/iss-spacewalk-repair-ammonia-coolant-leak/27471/">Spacewalk planned to fix ISS coolant leak</a> <p class="rel_date">10th May, 2013</p> </li> </ul> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div>  <div id="search_form_bottom"> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/search/" id="cse-search-box-bottom"> <span class="title">Looking for something? Search our 29,309 articles</span> <div class="dotsontop"> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-1607124478120364:bqw4wo-1udf"/> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:11"/> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1"/> <input type="text" name="q" size="60" id="search_input"/> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"/> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box-bottom&lang=en"></script> </div> <div data-cb-ad-id="Content Well 3">  </div> </div> <div id="right_cols"> <div class="island" id="island_top_right" data-cb-ad-id="Top Island"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("island_top_right"); }); </script> </div> <div id="right_col_a"> <div id="right_col_b"> <div class="ad" id="skyscraper_right" data-cb-ad-id="Skyscraper"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("skyscraper_right"); }); </script> </div> <div class="ad"> <span class="title">Sections</span> <ul class="dots" id="sections_list"> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/features/" class="features_reviews_list">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/reviews/" class="features_reviews_list">Reviews</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/aircraft/">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/architecture/">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/aroundthehome/">Around The Home</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/automotive/">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/bicycles/">Bicycles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/children/">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/computers/">Computers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/digital-cameras/">Digital Cameras</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/electronics/">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/environment/">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/games/">Games</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/goodthinking/">Good Thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/health/">Health and Wellbeing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/destinations/">Holiday Destinations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/homeentertainment/">Home Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/remarkablepeople/">Inventors and Remarkable People</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/laptops/">Laptops</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/marine/">Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/medical/">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/military/">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/mobiletechnology/">Mobile Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/motorcycles/">Motorcycles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/music/">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/outdoors/">Outdoors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/pets/">Pets</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/robotics/">Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/science/">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/space/">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/sports/">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/telecommunications/">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/urbantransport/">Urban Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/wearableelectronics/">Wearable Electronics</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <span class="title">Recent popular articles in Architecture</span> <ul id="recent_popular" class="vertical_sprite recent_popular_191"> <li id="story0"> <a class="vs_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/gizmag-top-tiny-homes-2014/34401/" title="Bigger isn't always better: The standout small homes of 2014"></a> <div class="vs_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/gizmag-top-tiny-homes-2014/34401/">Bigger isn't always better: The standout small homes of 2014</a> </div> </li> <li id="story1"> <a class="vs_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/shepherd-hut-gute/34541/" title="Small living goes old-school with the Shepherd Hut"></a> <div class="vs_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/shepherd-hut-gute/34541/">Small living goes old-school with the Shepherd Hut</a> </div> </li> <li id="story2"> <a class="vs_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/vincent-callebaut-architectures-gate-residence/34578/" title="Ultra-green complex in Cairo features a host of energy technologies"></a> <div class="vs_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/vincent-callebaut-architectures-gate-residence/34578/">Ultra-green complex in Cairo features a host of energy technologies</a> </div> </li> <li id="story3"> <a class="vs_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/designdevelop-project-gregory-billboard-house/34602/" title="First billboard with built-in homeless shelter planned for spring 2015"></a> <div class="vs_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/designdevelop-project-gregory-billboard-house/34602/">First billboard with built-in homeless shelter planned for spring 2015</a> </div> </li> <li id="story4"> <a class="vs_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/tiger-log-cabin-zombie-fortification-cabin/34482/" title="Zombie-proof cabin unveiled in time for Halloween"></a> <div class="vs_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/tiger-log-cabin-zombie-fortification-cabin/34482/">Zombie-proof cabin unveiled in time for Halloween</a> </div> </li> <li id="story5"> <a class="vs_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/shipping-container-development-homeless-brighton/34510/" title="Shipping containers offer safe, affordable housing in Brighton"></a> <div class="vs_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/shipping-container-development-homeless-brighton/34510/">Shipping containers offer safe, affordable housing in Brighton</a> </div> </li> <li id="story6"> <a class="vs_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/albi-major-theatre/34596/" title="Huge metallic mesh façade helps shield French theater from weather damage"></a> <div class="vs_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/albi-major-theatre/34596/">Huge metallic mesh façade helps shield French theater from weather damage</a> </div> </li> <li id="story7"> <a class="vs_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/kitoko-studio-maids-room/34455/" title="Ingenious use of space turns tiny Paris room into functional apartment"></a> <div class="vs_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/kitoko-studio-maids-room/34455/">Ingenious use of space turns tiny Paris room into functional apartment</a> </div> </li> <li id="story8"> <a class="vs_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/konzerthaus-blaibach/34668/" title="German town digs innovative new auditorium"></a> <div class="vs_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/konzerthaus-blaibach/34668/">German town digs innovative new auditorium</a> </div> </li> <li id="story9"> <a class="vs_img" href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/lucas-museum-narrative-art-mad-architects/34621/" title="Lucas Museum undulates across the Chicago lanscape"></a> <div class="vs_title"> <a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/lucas-museum-narrative-art-mad-architects/34621/">Lucas Museum undulates across the Chicago lanscape</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="clear_both"></div> <div class="island" id="island_bottom_right" data-cb-ad-id="Bottom Island"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("island_bottom_right"); }); </script> </div> <iframe src="/web/20141112032146if_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/gizmag-store.html" id="store" scrolling="no"></iframe> <div id="article_follower" data-cb-ad-id="Article Follower"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("article_follower"); }); </script> </div>   </div>  </div> <div class="clear_left"></div>  </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/footer_tabs.js?1404869523"></script> <div id="footer_outer"> <div id="footer">  <div class="footer_item" id="footer_popular"> <span class="footer_title">Most Popular Articles</span>  <div class="tabbable"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="most_popular_tabs"> <li class="active"><a data-target="#popular_today" data-toggle="tab" data-period="day">Today</a></li> <li><a data-target="#popular_week" data-toggle="tab" data-period="week">Last week</a></li> <li><a data-target="#popular_all" data-toggle="tab" data-period="all">All time</a></li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="popular_today"> <ul class="popular_articles"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/impossible-electric-bike-folding-backpack/34683/">Impossible electric bike folds up to fit in a backpack</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/samsung-gear-s-review/34677/">Samsung Gear S review: This smartwatch can fly solo</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/bienville-legacy-motorcycle-jt-nesbitt-admci/34684/">The 300+ horsepower Bienville Legacy and the return of American master craftsmanship</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/crazy-cars-sema-show-2014/34641/">Crazy car creations of the 2014 SEMA Show</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/crazy-cars-sema-show-2014/34641/pictures">Crazy car creations of the 2014 SEMA Show - Images</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/circa-cycles-mabel-lugged-frames/34678/">Circa Cycles takes a modular approach to keeping costs down</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/francoise-gissy-333-kmh-rocket-bicycle/34663/">Interview with a madman: Francois Gissy hits 333 km/h on rocket-powered bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/impossible-electric-bike-folding-backpack/34683/pictures">Impossible electric bike folds up to fit in a backpack - Images</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/elvie-pelvic-floor-muscle-exercise-device/34666/">Elvie provides personal training for the pelvic floor</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/electric-car-panels-energy-storage/34676/">New tech could allow electric cars' body panels to store energy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="popular_week"> <ul class="popular_articles"> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="popular_all"> <ul class="popular_articles"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="footer_item" id="footer_commented"> <span class="footer_title">Most Commented Articles</span>  <div class="tabbable"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="most_commented_tabs"> <li class="active"><a data-target="#commented_today" data-toggle="tab" id="commented_today_tab" data-period="day">Today</a></li> <li><a data-target="#commented_week" data-toggle="tab" id="commented_week_tab" data-period="week">Last week</a></li> <li><a data-target="#commented_all" data-toggle="tab" id="commented_all_tab" data-period="all">All time</a></li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="commented_today"> <ul class="commented_articles"> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="commented_week"> <ul class="commented_articles"> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/yaybahar-acoustic-synthesizer-unique-instrument/34612/">Unique Yaybahar acoustic instrument sounds like a digital space violin</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/scotland-wind-power/34638/">Scotland produces enough wind energy to power all its homes</a> (17)</li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/kawasaki-finally-shows-the-200-horsepower-h2/34575/">Kawasaki's 200-hp H2 Ninja – the fastest accelerating motorcycle ever</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/francoise-gissy-333-kmh-rocket-bicycle/34663/">Interview with a madman: Francois Gissy hits 333 km/h on rocket-powered bicycle</a> (13)</li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/impossible-electric-bike-folding-backpack/34683/">Impossible electric bike folds up to fit in a backpack</a> (13)</li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/bienville-legacy-motorcycle-jt-nesbitt-admci/34684/">The 300+ horsepower Bienville Legacy and the return of American master craftsmanship</a> (11)</li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/solar-powered-pathway-netherlands/34613/">World's first solar bike path set to open in the Netherlands</a> (11)</li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/wide-path-camper/34644/">Lightweight caravan sleeps two adults, is towed by bicycle</a> (11)</li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/macroscopic-dark-matter/34603/">Dark matter "particles" could have the mass of a dwarf planet</a> (10)</li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/aqysta-barsha-pump/34588/">Barsha pump provides irrigation water, but doesn't need fuel</a> (10)</li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="commented_all"> <ul class="commented_articles"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="footer_item nomargin" style="margin: 0px;" id="footer_subscribe"> <div> <form id="footer_email_form" class="form-inline" action="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/index.php"> <span class="small">Subscribe to Gizmag's</span><br/> <span class="large">Email Newsletter</span> <input type="text" name="email" class="email" value="Enter Your Email Address ..." onclick="this.value=''; this.style.color='#999'" id="footer_email"/> <button type="submit" class="bootbtn" id="footer_subscribe_button">Subscribe</button> </form> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/subscribe_footer.js?1404869523"></script> <div class="subscribe_options"> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://twitter.com/gizmag/" class="twitter_footer greytitle"> <span class="small">Follow Gizmag on</span> <span class="large">Twitter</span></a> </div> <div class="subscribe_options"> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.youtube.com/user/gizmag" class="youtube_footer greytitle"> <span class="small">Subscribe to Gizmag's</span> <span class="large">YouTube channel</span></a> </div> <div class="subscribe_options"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/xml/" class="rss_footer greytitle"> <span class="small">Subscribe to Gizmag's </span> <span class="large">RSS feed</span></a> </div> <div class="subscribe_options"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://www.stumbleupon.com/channel/Gizmag/" class="su_footer greytitle"> <span class="small">Follow Gizmag on </span> <span class="large">Stumbleupon</span></a> </div> <div class="subscribe_options"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/https://plus.google.com/105149739082983197804" class="gplus_footer greytitle"> <span class="small">Follow Gizmag on </span> <span class="large">Google Plus</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="copyright"><em>All content copyright © Gizmag 2003 - 2014</em></div> <div class="clear_left"></div> </div> <div class="index" id="footer_index"> <div class="index_center bottom_strip"> <ul> <li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/about/">About</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/privacy/">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/termsofuse/">Terms & Conditions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20141112032146/http://www.gizmag.com/advertise/" class="brighter">Advertise</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20141112032146cs_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/jqmodal/jqModal.css"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/jqmodal/jqModal.js"></script> <div id="subscribe_overlay_container" class="jqmWindowModSize"></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20141112032146js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/subscribe_overlay.js?x=1415762506"></script>  <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146js_/http://static.getclicky.com/js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript">clicky.init(110681);</script> <noscript><p><img alt="Clicky" width="1" height="1" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146im_/http://in.getclicky.com/110681ns.gif"/></p></noscript>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _sf_async_config={uid:4159,domain:"gizmag.com"}; _sf_async_config.authors = "David Szondy"; _sf_async_config.sections = "Architecture"; (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement('script'); e.setAttribute('language', 'javascript'); e.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20141112032146/http://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat_pub.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != 'function') ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112032146js_/http://s3.amazonaws.com/new.cetrk.com/pages/scripts/0008/8786.js"> </script>   <div id="bottom_include"> <script type="text/javascript">googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("bottom_include"); });</script> </div>        <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"beacon-5.newrelic.com","licenseKey":"2798a8ea7c","applicationID":"10948669","transactionName":"Y1BUNxcHV0IEUENYXVoaYxEMSVBfAVZPH0JcRQ==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":16,"ttGuid":"","agentToken":"","atts":"TxdXQV8dREw=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":"js-agent.newrelic.com\/nr-476.min.js"}</script></body> </html>