Thulium | AMERICAN ELEMENTS®

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class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/magyarorszag.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Hungary <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/india.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> India <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/indonesia.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Indonesia <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a 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class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mexico.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Mexico <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/nederland.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Netherlands <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/norge.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Norway <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/philippines.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Philippines <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/polska.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Poland <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/portugal.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Portugal <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/russia.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Russia <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/singapore.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Singapore <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/korea.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> South Korea <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/espana.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Spain <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/sverige.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Sweden <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/switzerland.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Switzerland <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/taiwan.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Taiwan <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thailand.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Thailand <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/turkiye.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Turkey <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/united-kingdom.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> United Kingdom <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> United States <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-1 tbm-right tbm-item--has-dropdown" aria-level="1"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><span class="tbm-link level-1 no-link tbm-toggle" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> Products <span class="tbm-caption"></span> </span> <button class="tbm-submenu-toggle"><span class="visually-hidden">Toggle submenu</span></button> </div> <div class="tbm-submenu tbm-item-child" role="list"> <div class="tbm-row"> <div class="tbm-column span2 hidden-collapse"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <div class="tbm-block"> <div class="block-inner"> <div id="block-fixed-block-contentempty-block--2"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tbm-column span2"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <ul class="tbm-subnav level-1 items-5" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-2" aria-level="2"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/search-products?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-2"> Search Products <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-2 tbm-group" aria-level="2"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><span class="tbm-link level-2 no-link tbm-group-title" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> Products by Element <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </span> </div> <div class="tbm-group-container tbm-item-child" role="list"> <div class="tbm-row"> <div class="tbm-column span12"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <ul class="tbm-subnav level-2 items-36" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-3 menu-item-bold" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/products-by-element?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> All Elements <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/al.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Aluminum <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/sb.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Antimony <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/as.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Arsenic <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ba.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Barium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/be.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Beryllium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/bi.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Bismuth <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/bb.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Boron <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/bromine.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Bromine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cd.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cadmium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ca.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Calcium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cc.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Carbon <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ce.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cerium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cs.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cesium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/chlorine.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Chlorine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cr.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Chromium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/co.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cobalt <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cu.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Copper <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/dy.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Dysprosium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/er.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Erbium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/eu.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Europium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/fluorine.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Fluorine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/gd.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gadolinium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ga.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gallium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ge.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Germanium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/au.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gold <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hf.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Hafnium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ho.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Holmium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/in.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Indium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ii.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iodine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ir.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iridium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/fe.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iron <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/la.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Lanthanum <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> 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class="highlighted"> <aside class="layout-container section clearfix" role="complementary"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </aside> </div> <div id="main-wrapper" class="page-layout-main-wrapper layout-container clearfix"> <div id="main" class="layout-main clearfix container-fluid"> <main id="content" class="column main-content" role="main"> <section class="section"><a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div> <div id="block-ae-theme-gratis-ae-subtheme-system-main"> <article data-history-node-id="358423" class="elements"> <div class="element-main"> <div class="elements__banner "><img src="/images/2024-08/thulium-banner.jpg"> </div> <h1 class="elements__banner__title"><span>Thulium</span></h1> <div class="elements__banner__properties"> <div class="elements__banner__properties--number"> 69 </div> <div class="elements__banner__properties--symbol"> Tm </div> <div class="elements__banner__properties--mass"> 168.93421 </div> </div> </div> <div class="elements__content"> <div class="ae-tabs"> <div class="ae-tabs-headers"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tm.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#about" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-about">About <div class="views-element-container"> <div class="js-view-dom-id-294b83d06bfdafd54a52623202e8de56572de816d27d3457369dc69f7515e788"> <div class="all-items"> <div> Thulium </div> </div> </div> </div></a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tm.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#products" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-products">Products</a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tm.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#properties" class="ae-tabs-headers--header active" data-tab="tab-properties">Properties</a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tm.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#properties-and-products" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-properties-and-products">Properties & Products</a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tm.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#safety" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-safety">Safety</a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tm.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#isotopes" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-isotopes">Isotopes</a> </div> <div class="ae-tabs-content"> <div id="tab-about" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--about paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">About Thulium</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="about" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/element-bohr-models/thulium-bohr-model.jpg" alt="Thulium Bohr" width="200" height="200"> <p>Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve in 1879 when he was looking for impurities in samples of <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/rare-earths.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">rare earth</a> oxides. He isolated two new oxides, which eventually led to the identification and naming of the elements <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ho.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">holmium</a> and thulium. Thulium is named after Thule, Scandinavia.</p> <p>Despite being very rare and expensive, thulium has several commercial uses. Notably, it is used as a dopant for <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cr-tm-ho-yag?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">garnets</a> used as <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/optical-materials.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">laser gain media</a>, and such lasers are used in medical laser applications such as laser surgery as well as in industrial and <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/defense.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">military applications</a>. The radioactive <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/isotopes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">isotope </a>thulium-170 can be produced in nuclear reactors and is found in portable x-ray devices used for medical diagnostics and manufacturing quality-control applications. Additionally, this isotope can be used for radiotherapy cancer treatment.</p> <p>Other specialized roles for thulium exist or are under development. Notably, thulium may be used in high-temperature superconductors, magnetic <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ceramics.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">ceramic materials</a>, personal radiation dosimeters, and <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/optical-materials.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">phosphors</a> for use in anti-counterfeiting features of modern currency notes.</p> <p>Thulium is a <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/rare-earths.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">rare earth element</a> and can theoretically be found in any rare earth containing mineral, but as a heavy rare earth element (HREE) it is more common in HREE-enriched minerals such as xenotime and euxenite. Additionally, thulium is present in ion adsorption clays, which are a major source of HREEs due to their relative ease of processing, despite the low percentage quantities of rare earths they contain. In any source of rare earths, thulium will make up an extremely small percentage of the total rare earth content, as it is one of the rarest of the rare earth elements.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-products" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--product paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title">Products</h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"> <div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345590">Compounds</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345590"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="compound-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a 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href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-nitrate-solution-35725-33-8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Nitrate Solution</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-nitride-12033-68-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Nitride</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-iii-oxalate-3269-17-8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium(III) Oxalate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-iii-oxalate-hydrate-58176-73-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium(III) Oxalate Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Oxide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-iii-perchlorate-solution-14014-10-9?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Perchlorate Solution</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-iii-phosphate-15883-44-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium(III) Phosphate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-iii-selenate-26299-26-3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium(III) Selenate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-silicide-12039-84-8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Silicide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-sulfate-13778-40-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Sulfate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-sulfate-octahydrate-13778-40-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Sulfate Octahydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-sulfate-solution-13778-40-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Sulfate Solution</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345591">Metallic Forms</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345591"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="metallic-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-balls-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Balls</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-band-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Bands</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-bars-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Bars</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-blocks-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Blocks</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-chips-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Chips</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-chunk-7440-30-4-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Chunk</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-coil-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Coil</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-concentrate-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Concentrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-cubes-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Cubes</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-cylinder-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Cylinder</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-disc-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Disc</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-flake-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Flake</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-flange-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Flanges</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-foil-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Foil</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-granules-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Granules</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-ingot-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Ingot</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-lump-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Lump</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-mesh-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Mesh</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-metal-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Metal</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-microfoil-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Microfoil</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-microleaf-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Microleaf</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-particles-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Particles</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-parts-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Parts</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-pellets-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Pellets</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-pieces-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Pieces</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-plate-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Plates</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-powder-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Powder</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-puck-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Puck</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-ribbon-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Ribbon</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-rings-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Rings</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-rod-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Rod</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-samples-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Samples</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-shavings-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Shaving</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-sheet-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Sheets</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-shot-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Shot</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-single-crystal-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Single Crystal</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-sleeves-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Sleeves</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-slugs-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Slugs</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-specimen-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Specimens</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-spheres-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Spheres</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-spring-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Spring</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-strip-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Strip</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-tape-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Tape</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-tube-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Tube</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-wafer-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Wafer</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-wire-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Wire</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ultra-thin-thulium-nanoscale-foil-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Ultra Thin Thulium Foil</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345592">Oxide Forms</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345592"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="oxide-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Oxide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-pellets-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Oxide Pellets</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-pieces-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Oxide Pieces</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-powder-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Oxide Powder</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-shot-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Oxide Shot</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-tablets-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Oxide Tablets</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345593">Organometallics</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345593"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="organometallic-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-iii-acetylacetonate-14589-44-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Acetylacetonate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-2-ethylhexanoate?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium 2-Ethylhexanoate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-trifluoromethanesulfonate-141478-68-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Trifluoromethanesulfonate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-tris-2-2-6-6-tetramethyl-3-5-heptanedionate-15631-58-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tris-cyclopentadienyl-thulium-iii-1272-26-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tris(cyclopentadienyl)thulium(III)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345594">Nanomaterials</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345594"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="nanomaterial-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-nanoparticles-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Nanoparticles</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-nanoparticle-dispersion-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Nanoparticle Dispersion</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-nanorods-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Nanorods</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-nanoparticles-nanopowder-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Oxide Nanoparticles</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-nanoparticle-dispersion-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345595">Semiconductor & Optical</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345595"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="semiconductor-optical-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cr-tm-ho-yag?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">CTH:YAG (Cr,Tm,Ho:YAG)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/sodium-yttrium-fluoride-ytterbium-and-thulium-doped?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Sodium Yttrium Fluoride, Ytterbium And Thulium Doped</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-antimonide-12039-33-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Antimonide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-arsenide-12006-10-9?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Arsenide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-doped-yttrium-lithium-fluoride?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium-doped Yttrium Lithium Fluoride</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-phosphide-12037-68-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Phosphide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-selenide-12039-53-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Selenide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tm-gdvo4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tm:GDVO4</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/yttrium-vanadate-doped-with-thulium?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tm:YVO4</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-sulfide-12166-30-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Sulfide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-telluride-12040-14-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Telluride</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/yttrium-aluminum-garnet-doped-thulium?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, Thulium-doped</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/yttrium-aluminum-perovskite-doped-with-thulium?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite doped with Thulium</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345596">Sputtering Targets</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345596"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="sputtering-target-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-fluoride-sputtering-target-13760-79-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Fluoride Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-rotatable-sputtering-target-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Oxide Rotatable Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-sputtering-target-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Oxide Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-phosphide-sputtering-target-12037-68-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Phosphide Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-rotatable-sputtering-target-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Rotatable Sputtering Targets</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-selenide-sputtering-target-12039-53-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Selenide Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-sputtering-target-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-telluride-sputtering-target-12040-14-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium Telluride Sputtering Target</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"><button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div id="products-intro"> <p><img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/elemental-thulium.png" alt="Elemental Thulium Picture" width="92" height="62"> Thulium emits blue light upon excitation, a property that is exploited in flat panel display screens. Thulium also has useful applications in low-levelradiation detection and other luminescence applications, such as halide discharge lamps. Flat panel screens depend critically on bright blue <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-powder-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en"><img class="image-right" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/thulium-oxide-powder.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Thulium Oxide (Tm2O3) Powder" width="98" height="98"></a>emitters. Thulium is available as <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/metals.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">metal</a> and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">ultra-high purity</a>). Elemental or metallic forms include <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-pellets-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">pellets</a>, <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-rod-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">rod</a>, <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-wire-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">wire</a> and <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-granules-7440-30-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">granules</a> for evaporation source material purposes. <img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/thulium-sputtering-target.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Thulium (Tm) Sputtering Target" width="95" height="111"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thulium oxide</a> is available in <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-powder-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">powder</a> and dense <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-oxide-pellets-12036-44-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">pellet</a> form for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/oxides.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Oxides</a> tend to be insoluble. <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-fluoride-13760-79-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Terbium fluorides</a> is another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Thulium is also available in soluble forms including <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-chloride-anhydrous-13537-18-3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">chlorides</a>, <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-iii-nitrate-pentahydrate-36548-87-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">nitrates</a> and <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thulium-acetate-39156-80-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">acetates</a>. These compounds can be manufactured as <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/solutions?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">solutions</a> at specified stoichiometries.</p> <p><br>  </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-properties" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--properties-element paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Thulium Properties</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="properties" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"> <p><img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/thulium-block.png" alt="Thulium (Tm) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbol" width="38" height="40"><strong>Thulium</strong> is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. <img src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/thulium-bohr.jpg" alt="Thulium Bohr Model" width="200" height="200">, which is the ancient name of Scandinavia.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="two-columns-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--two-columns-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="two-columns-accordion__left"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title"></h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"> <div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345601">General Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345601"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="general-properties"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="symbol">Symbol:</th> <td>Tm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th> <td>69</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th> <td>168.93</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="element-category">Element Category:</th> <td>Lanthanide</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th> <td>n/a, 6, f</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="color">Color:</th> <td>silvery-gray</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="other-names">Other Names:</th> <td>Tulio</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345602">Physical Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345602"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="physical-properties"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th> <td>1545°C, 2813°F, 1818.15 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th> <td>1950°C, 3542°F, 2223.15 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density">Density:</th> <td>9321 kg/m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th> <td>8.56 g·cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th> <td>9.33 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th> <td>9321 kg·m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th> <td>0.0382 Cal/g/K @ 25 °C</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>18.4</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>247</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>233.43</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th> <td>0.169 W/cm/K @ 298.2 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th> <td>(r.t.) (poly) 13.3 µm/(m·K)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th> <td>79.0 µΩ-cm @ 25°C</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th> <td>60 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th> <td>27.03 J·mol<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th> <td>74.0 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th> <td>30.5 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th> <td>44.5 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th> <td>0.213</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th> <td>520 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th> <td>471 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th> <td>1.25</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th> <td>1.11</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th> <td>2.75</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345603">Chemical Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345603"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="chemical-properties"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="electrons">Electrons:</th> <td>69</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="protons">Protons:</th> <td>69</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th> <td>[Xe]4f<sup>13</sup>6s<sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th> <td>176 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br> non-bonded (Å):</th> <td>2.27</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th> <td>190±10 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th> <td>1.77</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th> <td>227 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th> <td>2, 3, 4 (basic oxide)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="phase">Phase:</th> <td>Solid</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th> <td>hexagonal close-packed</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th> <td>paramagnetic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th> <td>99.248</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>59.70 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>1162.66 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>2284.79 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"><button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="two-columns-accordion__right"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title"></h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"> <div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346537">Identifiers</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346537"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="identifiers"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th> <td>7440-30-4</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th> <td>231-140-2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th> <td>MFCD00011281</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th> <td>[Tm]</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th> <td>InChI=1S/Tm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th> <td>FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th> <td>23961</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th> <td>22400</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346538">Abundance</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346538"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse in" id="abundance"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</th> <td>35 ppb</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</th> <td>27 ppb</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</th> <td>37 ppb</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</th> <td>0.0002</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.000007</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</th> <td>450</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</th> <td>0.2</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.001</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</th> <td>0.009</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.0001</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</th> <td>30</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</th> <td>0.1</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</th> <td>0.001</td> </tr> <tr></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346539">History</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346539"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="history"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th> <td>Per Teodor Cleve</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th> <td>1879</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th> <td>Per Teodor Cleve (1879)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"><button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-safety" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--safety-tab paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Health, Safety & Transportation Information for Thulium</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="safety" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab4"> <p>Thulium is not toxic in its elemental form, however. safety data for Thulium and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the Products tab. The below information applies to elemental (metallic) Thulium.</p> <p><br>  </p> <table class="safety-table"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2" id="safety-data">Safety Data</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#signalword">Signal Word</a></th> <td>Danger</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#hazardstatements">Hazard Statements</a></th> <td>H228-H319-H335</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hazard-codes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#hazardcodes">Hazard Codes</a></th> <td>F,Xi</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#riskcodes">Risk Codes</a></th> <td>15-17-36/37</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#safetyprecautions">Safety Precautions</a></th> <td>26-36-43</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#rtecs">RTECS Number</a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#transportation">Transport Information</a></th> <td>UN 3089 4.1/PG 2</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#wgk">WGK Germany</a></th> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hazard-codes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Globally Harmonized System of </a><br><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hazard-codes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Classification and Labelling (GHS)</a></th> <td><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hazard-codes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#exclamation"><img src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/exclamation-mark.png" alt="Exclamation Mark-Acute Toxicity " width="44" height="45"></a><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hazard-codes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#flame"><img src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/flame.png" alt="Flame-Flammables" width="42" height="42"></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph review-and-print paragraph--type--review-and-print paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="review-and-print__title custom-accordion-header accordion--print-and-review-347014">Review and Print SDS for Thulium Metal</h4> <div id="sds" class="review-and-print__body custom-accordion-body accordion-default-cose accordion--print-and-review-347014"> <div class="review-and-print__body__pdf"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/print/view/pdf/sds_pane/block_2?view_args%5B0%5D=2387&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Create Printable PDF</a> </div> <div class="sds-content review-and-print__body__content"> <div class="panel-body collapse in row" id="sds"> <div class="view view-sds-pane view-id-sds_pane view-display-id-block sds-content view-dom-id-2083e17a3948b90894830698877fa62e"> <div class="view-header"> <h2 class="centered">SAFETY DATA SHEET</h2> <div id="sds-date"> <div> <strong>Date Revised:</strong> 05/15/2015 </div> <div> <strong>Date Revised:</strong> 05/15/2015 </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div> <hr> <h3>SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION</h3> <p><strong>Product Name:</strong> Thulium Metal</p> <p><strong>Product Number:</strong> All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. TM-M-02, TM-M-03, TM-M-04, TM-M-05</p> <p><strong>CAS #:</strong> 7440-30-4</p> <p><strong>Relevant identified uses of the substance: </strong>Scientific research and development</p> <p>Supplier details:<br> American Elements<br> 1093 Broxton Ave. Suite 2000<br> Los Angeles, CA 90024<br> Tel: +1 310-208-0551<br> Fax: +1 310-208-0351<br><br> Emergency telephone number:<br> Domestic, North America +1 800-424-9300<br> International +1 703-527-3887</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION</h3> <p>Classification of the substance or mixture in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)<br> GHS02 Flame<br> Flam. Sol. 1 H228 Flammable solid.<br> Water-react. 1 H260 In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously.<br> Hazards not otherwise classified<br> No information known.<br> Label elements<br> GHS label elements<br> The product is classified and labeled in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)<br> Hazard pictograms</p> <div class="ghs-images"> <img src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/flame.png" alt="Flame - GHS02" width="42" height="42"> </div> <p>GHS02<br> Signal word<br> Danger<br> Hazard statements<br> H228 Flammable solid.<br> H260 In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously.<br> Precautionary statements<br> P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. No smoking.<br> P231+P232 Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.<br> P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.<br> P370+P378 In case of fire: Use for extinction: Special powder for metal fires.<br> P402+P404 Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.<br> P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/<br> national/international regulations.<br> WHMIS classification<br> B4 - Flammable solid<br> B6 - Reactive flammable material<br> Classification system<br> HMIS ratings (scale 0-4)<br> (Hazardous Materials Identification System)<br> HEALTH<br> FIRE<br> REACTIVITY<br> 1<br> 3<br> 2<br> Health (acute effects) = 1<br> Flammability = 3<br> Physical Hazard = 2<br> Other hazards<br> Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br> PBT:<br> Not applicable.<br> vPvB:<br> Not applicable</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS</h3> <p>Chemical characterization: Substances<br> CAS# Description:<br> 7440-30-4 thulium<br> Identification number(s):<br> EC number:<br> 231-140-2</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES</h3> <p>Description of first aid measures<br> After inhalation<br> Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm.<br> Seek immediate medical advice.<br> After skin contact<br> Immediately wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.<br> Seek immediate medical advice.<br> After eye contact<br> Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult a doctor.<br> After swallowing<br> Seek medical treatment.<br> Information for doctor<br> Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed<br> No further relevant information available.<br> Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed<br> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES</h3> <p>Extinguishing media<br> Suitable extinguishing agents<br> Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.<br> For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents<br> Water<br> Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture<br> If this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:<br> Metal oxide fume<br> Advice for firefighters<br> Protective equipment:<br> Wear self-contained respirator.<br> Wear fully protective impervious suit.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES</h3> <p>Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures<br> Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.<br> Ensure adequate ventilation<br> Keep away from ignition sources<br> Environmental precautions:<br> Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.<br> Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:<br> Keep away from ignition sources.<br> Ensure adequate ventilation.<br> Do not flush with water or aqueous cleansing agents<br> Prevention of secondary hazards:<br> Keep away from ignition sources.<br> Reference to other sections<br> See Section 7 for information on safe handling<br> See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.<br> See Section 13 for disposal information.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE</h3> <p>Handling<br> Precautions for safe handling<br> Handle under dry protective gas.<br> Keep container tightly sealed.<br> Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.<br> Ensure good ventilation at the workplace.<br> Information about protection against explosions and fires:<br> Protect against electrostatic charges.<br> Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities<br> Storage<br> Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles:<br> Store in a cool location.<br> Information about storage in one common storage facility:<br> Store away from air.<br> Store away from water/moisture.<br> Do not store together with acids.<br> Store away from oxidizing agents.<br> Store away from halogens.<br> Store away from acid chlorides.<br> Further information about storage conditions:<br> Store under dry inert gas.<br> This product is moisture sensitive.<br> This product is air sensitive.<br> Keep container tightly sealed.<br> Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.<br> Protect from humidity and water.<br> Specific end use(s)<br> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION</h3> <p>Additional information about design of technical systems:<br> Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.<br> Control parameters<br> Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:<br> The product does not contain any relevant quantities of materials with critical values that have to be monitored at the workplace.<br> Additional information:<br> No data<br> Exposure controls<br> Personal protective equipment<br> General protective and hygienic measures<br> The usual precautionary measures for handling chemicals should be followed.<br> Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and feed.<br> Remove all soiled and contaminated clothing immediately.<br> Wash hands before breaks and at the end of work.<br> Maintain an ergonomically appropriate working environment.<br> Breathing equipment:<br> Use suitable respirator when high concentrations are present.<br> Protection of hands:<br> Impervious gloves<br> Check protective gloves prior to each use for their proper condition.<br> The selection of suitable gloves not only depends on the material, but also on quality. Quality will vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.<br> Penetration time of glove material (in minutes)<br> Not determined<br> Eye protection:<br> Safety glasses<br> Full face protection<br> Body protection:<br> Protective work clothing.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES</h3> <p>Information on basic physical and chemical properties<br> General Information<br> Appearance:<br> Form: Solid in various forms<br> Color: Grey to silver<br> Odor: Odorless<br> Odor threshold: Not determined.<br> pH-value: Not applicable.<br> Change in condition<br> Melting point/Melting range: 1545 °C (2813 °F)<br> Boiling point/Boiling range: 1725 °C (3137 °F)<br> Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined<br> Flammability (solid, gaseous)<br> Highly flammable.<br> Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.<br> Ignition temperature: Not determined<br> Decomposition temperature: Not determined<br> Auto igniting: Not determined.<br> Danger of explosion: Not determined.<br> Explosion limits:<br> Lower: Not determined<br> Upper: Not determined<br> Vapor pressure: Not applicable.<br> Density at 20 °C (68 °F): 9.32 g/cm³ (77.775 lbs/gal)<br> Relative density<br> Not determined.<br> Vapor density<br> Not applicable.<br> Evaporation rate<br> Not applicable.<br> Solubility in / Miscibility with Water: Contact with water releases flammable gases<br> Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined.<br> Viscosity:<br> dynamic: Not applicable.<br> kinematic: Not applicable.<br> Other information<br> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY</h3> <p>Reactivity<br> In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously.<br> Chemical stability<br> Stable under recommended storage conditions.<br> Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:<br> Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.<br> Possibility of hazardous reactions<br> Reacts with strong oxidizing agents<br> Contact with water releases flammable gases<br> Conditions to avoid<br> No further relevant information available.<br> Incompatible materials:<br> Acids<br> Oxidizing agents<br> Air<br> Halogens<br> Acid chlorides<br> Water/moisture<br> Hazardous decomposition products:<br> Metal oxide fume</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION</h3> <p>Information on toxicological effects<br> Acute toxicity:<br> No effects known.<br> LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification:<br> No data<br> Skin irritation or corrosion:<br> May cause irritation<br> Eye irritation or corrosion:<br> May cause irritation<br> Sensitization:<br> No sensitizing effects known.<br> Germ cell mutagenicity:<br> No effects known.<br> Carcinogenicity:<br> No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.<br> Reproductive toxicity:<br> No effects known.<br> Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure:<br> No effects known.<br> Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure:<br> No effects known.<br> Aspiration hazard:<br> No effects known.<br> Subacute to chronic toxicity:<br> No effects known.<br> Additional toxicological information:<br> To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION</h3> <p>Toxicity<br> Aquatic toxicity:<br> No further relevant information available.<br> Persistence and degradability<br> No further relevant information available.<br> Bioaccumulative potential<br> No further relevant information available.<br> Mobility in soil<br> No further relevant information available.<br> Additional ecological information:<br> General notes:<br> Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.<br> Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities to reach ground water, water course or sewage system.<br> Avoid transfer into the environment.<br> Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br> PBT:<br> Not applicable.<br> vPvB:<br> Not applicable.<br> Other adverse effects<br> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS</h3> <p>Waste treatment methods<br> Recommendation<br> Consult state, local or national regulations to ensure proper disposal.<br> Uncleaned packagings:<br> Recommendation:<br> Disposal must be made according to official regulations.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION</h3> <p>UN-Number<br> DOT, IMDG, IATA<br> UN3178<br> UN proper shipping name<br> DOT<br> Flammable solid, inorganic, n.o.s.<br> IMDG, IATA<br> FLAMMABLE SOLID, INORGANIC, N.O.S. (thulium)<br> Transport hazard class(es)<br> DOT<br> Class<br> 4.1 Flammable solids, self-reactive substances and solid desensitised explosives.<br> Label<br> 4.1<br> Class<br> 4.1 (F3) Flammable solids, self-reactive substances and solid desensitised explosives<br> Label<br> 4.1<br> IMDG, IATA<br> Class<br> 4.1 Flammable solids, self-reactive substances and solid desensitised explosives.<br> Label<br> 4.1<br> Packing group<br> DOT, IMDG, IATA<br> II<br> Environmental hazards:<br> Not applicable.<br> Special precautions for user<br> Warning: Flammable solids, self-reactive substances and solid desensitised explosives<br> Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code<br> Not applicable.<br> Transport/Additional information:<br> DOT<br> Marine Pollutant (DOT):<br> No<br> UN "Model Regulation":<br> UN3178, Flammable solid, inorganic, n.o.s., 4.1, II</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION</h3> <p>Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture<br> GHS label elements<br> The product is classified and labeled in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)<br> Hazard pictograms<br> GHS02<br> Signal word<br> Danger<br> Hazard statements<br> H228 Flammable solid.<br> H260 In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously.<br> Precautionary statements<br> P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. No smoking.<br> P231+P232 Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.<br> P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.<br> P370+P378 In case of fire: Use for extinction: Special powder for metal fires.<br> P402+P404 Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.<br> P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/<br> national/international regulations.<br> National regulations<br> All components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.<br> All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).<br> SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings)<br> Substance is not listed.<br> California Proposition 65<br> Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer<br> Substance is not listed.<br> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity<br> Substance is not listed.<br> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female<br> Substance is not listed.<br> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male<br> Substance is not listed.<br> Information about limitation of use:<br> For use only by technically qualified individuals.<br> Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations<br> Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No. 1907/2006.<br> Substance is not listed.<br> The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on the market and use must be observed.<br> Substance is not listed.<br> Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use)<br> Substance is not listed.<br> Chemical safety assessment:<br> A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.</p> <hr> <h3>16. OTHER INFORMATION</h3> <p>Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2016 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-isotopes" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--isotopes paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Thulium Isotopes</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab5"> <p>Naturally occurring thulium (Tm) has 1 stable <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/isotopes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">isotope</a>, <sup>169</sup>Tm.</p> <table class="isotopes-table"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" id="nuclide"><strong>Nuclide</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="mass"><strong>Isotopic Mass</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="half-life"><strong>Half-Life</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="decay"><strong>Mode of Decay</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin"><strong>Nuclear Spin</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment"><strong>Magnetic Moment</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="binding-energy"><strong>Binding Energy (MeV)</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="natural-abundance"><strong>Natural Abundance</strong><br><strong>(% by atom)</strong></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>145</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>144.97007(43)#</td> <td>3.1(3) µs</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>(11/2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1121.94</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>146</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>145.96643(43)#</td> <td>240(30) ms</td> <td>p to <sup>145</sup>Er</td> <td>(6-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1139.33</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>147</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>146.96096(32)#</td> <td>0.58(3) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>147</sup>Er; p to <sup>146</sup>Er</td> <td>11/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1147.41</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>148</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>147.95784(43)#</td> <td>0.7(2) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>148</sup>Er</td> <td>(10+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1164.81</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>149</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>148.95272(32)#</td> <td>0.9(2) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>149</sup>Er; ß<sup>+</sup> + p to <sup>148</sup>Ho</td> <td>(11/2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1172.89</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>150</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>149.94996(21)#</td> <td>3# s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>150</sup>Er</td> <td>(1+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1190.28</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>151</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>150.945483(22)</td> <td>4.17(10) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>151</sup>Er</td> <td>(11/2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1198.36</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>152</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>151.94442(8)</td> <td>8.0(10) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>152</sup>Er</td> <td>(2#)-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1206.44</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>153</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>152.942012(20)</td> <td>1.48(1) s</td> <td>a to <sup>149</sup>Ho; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>153</sup>Er</td> <td>(11/2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1214.52</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>154</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>153.941568(15)</td> <td>8.1(3) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>154</sup>Er; a to <sup>150</sup>Ho</td> <td>(2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1222.6</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>155</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>154.939199(14)</td> <td>21.6(2) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>155</sup>Er; a to <sup>151</sup>Ho</td> <td>(11/2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1239.99</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>156</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>155.938980(17)</td> <td>83.8(18) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>156</sup>Er; a to <sup>152</sup>Ho</td> <td>2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1248.07</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>157</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>156.93697(3)</td> <td>3.63(9) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>157</sup>Er</td> <td>1/2+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1256.15</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>158</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>157.936980(27)</td> <td>3.98(6) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>158</sup>Er</td> <td>2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1264.23</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>159</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>158.93498(3)</td> <td>9.13(16) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>159</sup>Er</td> <td>5/2+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1272.31</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>160</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>159.93526(4)</td> <td>9.4(3) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>160</sup>Er</td> <td>1-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1280.39</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>161</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>160.93355(3)</td> <td>30.2(8) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>161</sup>Er</td> <td>7/2+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1288.46</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>162</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>161.933995(28)</td> <td>21.70(19) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>162</sup>Er</td> <td>1-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1296.54</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>163</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>162.932651(6)</td> <td>1.810(5) h</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>163</sup>Er</td> <td>1/2+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1304.62</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>164</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>163.93356(3)</td> <td>2.0(1) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>164</sup>Er</td> <td>1+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1312.7</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>165</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>164.932435(4)</td> <td>30.06(3) h</td> <td>EC to <sup>165</sup>Er</td> <td>1/2+</td> <td>0.139</td> <td>1320.78</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>166</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>165.933554(13)</td> <td>7.70(3) h</td> <td>EC to <sup>166</sup>Er</td> <td>2+</td> <td>0.092</td> <td>1328.86</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>167</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>166.9328516(29)</td> <td>9.25(2) d</td> <td>EC to <sup>167</sup>Er</td> <td>1/2+</td> <td>-0.197</td> <td>1336.94</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>168</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>167.934173(3)</td> <td>93.1(2) d</td> <td>EC to <sup>168</sup>Er; ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>168</sup>Yb</td> <td>3+</td> <td>0.23</td> <td>1345.01</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>169</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>168.9342133(27)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>1/2+</td> <td>-0.2316</td> <td>1353.09</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>170</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>169.9358014(27)</td> <td>128.6(3) d</td> <td>EC to <sup>170</sup>Er; ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>170</sup>Yb</td> <td>1-</td> <td>0.2476</td> <td>1361.17</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>171</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>170.9364294(28)</td> <td>1.92(1) y</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>171</sup>Yb</td> <td>1/2+</td> <td>-0.2303</td> <td>1369.25</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>172</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>171.938400(6)</td> <td>63.6(2) h</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>172</sup>Yb</td> <td>2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1377.33</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>173</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>172.939604(5)</td> <td>8.24(8) h</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>173</sup>Yb</td> <td>(1/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1385.41</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>174</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>173.94217(5)</td> <td>5.4(1) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>174</sup>Yb</td> <td>(4)-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1384.17</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>175</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>174.94384(5)</td> <td>15.2(5) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>175</sup>Yb</td> <td>(1/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1392.25</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>176</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>175.94699(11)</td> <td>1.85(3) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>176</sup>Yb</td> <td>(4+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1400.33</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>177</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>176.94904(32)#</td> <td>90(6) s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>177</sup>Yb</td> <td>(7/2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1408.41</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>178</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>177.95264(43)#</td> <td>30# s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>178</sup>Yb</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1407.17</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>179</sup>Tm</strong></th> <td>178.95534(54)#</td> <td>20# s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>179</sup>Yb</td> <td>1/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1415.25</td> <td>-</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="layout-container"> <div class="site-footer__top clearfix"> <div> <div id="block-sponsers-box2" class="Sponsers-box-block"> <div> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden"> Image </div><img loading="lazy" src="/images/styles/large/public/2025-01/ARPA-E-Summit.png?itok=E3UTxRam" width="480" height="104" alt="ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit" title="ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Please join us and our customers and co-sponsors GE and BASF at the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=https://www.arpae-summit.com/">ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit</a> in Washington, DC on March 17, 2025.</p> </div> <div id="block-ae-theme-copyright" class="footer-copyright"> <div class="footer-copyright--text"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> Periodic table of the elements, materials science and academic information, elements and advanced materials data, scientific presentations and all pages, designs, concepts, logos, and color schemes herein are the copyrighted proprietary rights and intellectual property of American Elements. 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