CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913492aefcafa042',cH: 'hf5Y54ankCVOGaISKY72cFykN56TwIePcF3UM3qvdyg-1739782678-1.2.1.1-OJL8LM4YzDjMXVGQLjtphvPOLwsXXSkW3Z647AMUp6t.2YsAu0K4pX20dGXTMGZX',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Nazia%20Abdul%20Majid&__cf_chl_tk=gy3uSoBs2bNg27p2DxcDqGoJxbMhQgvm5aq4Sum8FWY-1739782678-1.0.1.1-QHT_T5_Qv_8tz8VXEh5pFbTzbobC2koMwcq.8oBLjCY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739782678',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Nazia%20Abdul%20Majid&__cf_chl_f_tk=gy3uSoBs2bNg27p2DxcDqGoJxbMhQgvm5aq4Sum8FWY-1739782678-1.0.1.1-QHT_T5_Qv_8tz8VXEh5pFbTzbobC2koMwcq.8oBLjCY",md: "nSAMcVRjxqlJ98aEv5TqUfoZzTMkPgi4QL3OndmWPw8-1739782678-1.2.1.1-W_BS.TAShe1.p1zt_VTmOhbDPRdu0UGJIfjlzTEOTDheUwtD0_WbcMJz4U5WHdm2_SEMvexFI54_Ww1Pwa.dLHl0wp_1l7CsmgKW_5yAWg3AqxK0wsUM7iOZbYL8qR0VF6bNd_Z8tUM9I3Gjx98xvK1XH9.xG3GSVzCw5mtlF3nPyNfYoV3_J8LQEjk768gz0xuQfuwpQD3m7OVKH3qk7i7TZ0j.mdMN.7h5LcPg0pATB_rReeIXCkFm3uCHS6fsgiyv80j7.wv1mm5SW9n_7YVKJW7x1PmKaumVRe98L.rMLaVr8xY6CKdXYiuj8Ot_Pfv9HyXs8CCJSnrlIoCtc5R.PQEVbLwftFZjo6DVnqNN8rmjJ4OS..n3tkpSEAZx7hZ7hEjau7GBzj6Anzn8TJYCWPbqalzJFptyQtppJ5Vz7MtVTu2_jScG17SboLNAm3BHdflknBjPiy.YEwkOpuwcGuIJ8dFCk9V73Xb5lbb2p0wy9Vm9JbGytcaGnOvdU_qCj_3TW7fLeHuXHuD._6BBctG4.S25p_u142BQcQvIhH2TWMcGaW4rjpoVGl3Ir4_7AGCYaJzTQCoumqLxrqcBWTDN5gc0k6LcItyJbrMKkmJcr_v8wpttynHoYxFJQuwtXZIGcbLFiAGYBxHg7IgV13MTgT0SEjo2kd5X5hAsU0H7KZ_Y7qmnJy5sFVY6SwdlRCu2wCQtU3xA0tZFReJCIrLkAnoMwrHsqTcmfr0VOHQxQGpgQyHqCS7pkaQJvcANFV3NEqBKmW_w192ScyxEX3FMNH.kuv_dhwUvNfvS1sKfVd7pndvy3Pe4B4K4twWiTIOpNU3T5y9Zc2uWMKfEX_62W5Y0AwP5FOMsIMwWL6GPPVYkcqEjNepjcR_UGuZ_Sq4ssmbHxxoTDxJazqXbZQ_m7mk5na5yIFkIvvobiy0MS9R9NNC.GyfsyROv4NWBaC0j54aGxhWLfENo5WganVo64dgTBF6czPLz0.RB888MFn4UA8tnw2nC2MsiDWd2bf1bvb8v7v2NhuokxoS64EEzHKtCDeaV3yjpNgxXJpm6w1Fih9.psALg2mADrioYmgqdl7Vp.PSMK8WeFgueaPaS7cCiT0mwkxKyt1VWjc9GGORun6Fpl5XOuCjXnXCIj8hdX35BTfUOxuFMHfwMc3tvqtGO9rWARN_XJcmygQEZu0g6JkaHf.WQZRaq6w6RsXARxm57SxCmeeTbPYgaeo0LlZWN8l_zJ3dNJvb9eS5gxYHRS1c20zRMhWQdSVr_VOsx_dd1dpO8U.H5p4iHkUcLHw1CW4eFSYpot7xy07QT3vJ.H3KI_AIgGt1acvUtj1N9z5LiEoBDcgfnuFqJwtcSPzgnO2.ulHWQIcPGFylW2eOv7..g0NV2b0DUa5riQUONw9HhggqKXPRiPbzHmkGGYiCnIwYoX3SfAdMIr5iRPBDAHGv7F1t6bDcmMVKww8JidBpq8v6H6l4EUitlqOlCT4Ws4AUr_dCgoTuumvoyKTRsyzOOqQwqkZ4G86wIWDD4s1APHvd7vD70oG6JpESIVVgWydr7yWG1E.QtT5HjF3pUPTLi6zkYkMQpvY5xwV6HqHmmOs8WOK.c7_azVb8PUp2hd1oC4ZAvJ7U1U9nUl.rxr6TALl_Jwry074ZFNl.7TWE7zbv2mOdC_qc9jYRTD6Urt8kwv_QeeJs2qCFzClahYS1G6LYXunFo02nanMNdb8Y2vEUTNZvXWoF.6rVqfeiWmXuGFtFbYCqo7GY_1oO5FQov1qaV95ClKTAaXJhLIJ5WE8eqVgj9TsUDJUVse_eKTpFdKsBfWdjFNFbgShuAEnVYthwd9S3XdEmhu.HIqgfJF3XV1KftfHh5lGSYPSR1Fk7qDW6Brl2e3i9bQNaxhwS.1tXmyVY1cjPw6_2.eWKHSxwok20cos83vsBciID4Kp06jjxk3DP965Y5xCwTVmhwQNp3A5cb",mdrd: "fsTn0G.iIzJDrfHXthwlMGnWB5xLQ1IbCpIHABcY6iI-1739782678-1.2.1.1-QYpne1rjkqD7SZeMEnAIsIsiNRAGdEjVzm6LtM2iFDsRhZAE0Jyk4UX7RDHhg9kCojvPL1EWks30EB9QF3QKigWM4QNaNuHI2foSlo671bbDccNmR7CXgGgDx2.qUATiWtUbYrjL3Gx2ua5Wap8FbR1k9UsThvZXRdWXJndMI1MB6AlvUDA3kMSueOxAB1lBUy98uVfPBR.bUVEqLMXhPVQkoeiKc1E6mGkSulnObCOhZJDV20hdwIbGsA.iyyuhdWl1I8k0yvgjb2rM3XfeSTWpW09y8zDrR0Ykx.43vkJ7t0h3zdPcMovKK4Dat9.HaQfi3rkV30pV3bZzzBRpfE1zamkh7sc.2lQlN1UR30qJWequinycWqDPa7wXr8uBfHJnthKwkn9w8OKaBQ0biab3FTpLn6ZbrCZ9Bgmx46R8ze4faTvbGUKc2cBoD7LBJnSgrMw65xw47d795MTbejH2tyo7.Us7a68HGc8bVyg1wfYKV5Yh_wt8rKRMytQRIhnjtbZuleRUZmamemPr_AsveNKxFc07fnQk.HGMlan0uuCENx6QpI3jLvSc3hEI_NGqxWj9EykYTpQewR54AqFD4dx4l3vOvRE1EDuIRNFxdt736A7V3DmPs8uS3og.3Wm.RmqMR7M63fg6S38fx.fj1Fq4T.5bAKqtTRoDStCZP3KzH.kp.QoMnXjUalXrzjMj7RyG2Mw44wnRM4T9uBAh50KiAMOOxYwmcoWKiFFQ7fOTSqC4GZI0Nxs4p6mc9zbIDlgSWvuW5GzMgh9c6uluHhHU429ZRknV5ERygjHfXBTUGYUkb8wFeotW446vKooZuabRDzex6pPitBRhKuzWTRONvTM1h12mPc6HC3ZGWZbhMlD0KPoZqzRHxmlbd8Bo5HtuEDjGE_hjRsDAL9AYEajkmAsH7X_Adt3QvwAyIcNc7ds5HmpOVqs.1Wvp5VxaXmfFLzRKZ2s_rLO5NcGqry1DFTUD4zQ_2rD6ulKN41hsTXrj8AaFnrRMeDJ.LEAI9923iEQmgHa9ceRRvO3ayqmf9svHrwPXcZ8Ru_JCJ_dSz0Xdz03oydeUpHB.v.T4ujGcm8ipj8nBkVnwCkqySJbkr0VHIaERCOCQi81MAoPFrBorqEjn6aRioz4IaZ6GWnTExzr2UXCLwnOfe6nqQHTUZIxULxKMEzoVPqWaQhX6irOLbOxPvxw5C9UaYhE8.6c3HkEVnf.piKqPP6BsC0Pcw7pueVCTh6HDZua_qcu65tfEHXiQ5iFc2VVzi7dP1e0pkDCGTtWhNYP6Uc4PftH0ugZu8o3im60mNdA.hV5mEnN9VzNMLxd2TBopwZydrgROiN.l0uqAfl41CF2WLZjKU1w1ceQd8JeZp2Um7zf9Uyl8yoTo4qtfkgw42Q.5VO73QQuw5_PwYIDjohGK0w1gEQHK8NFSa4MhoEJqlu1_Ucix27O370i0x6pLCEdQPJnSKnDBjD5zoeuD.dRjgivbfOBnbGFzPWwOdtFe8bxs_Gww_e4e0pq3l5_qazRokRnJH.3f0hvZvd6U8w5KsQWbkznp4jlN4CjZL1we40LBv1yS8.U5EPoGqPfvfjuL1pVsq4DU1yBWb0A6qDwL_8x.1kns9LFLQ9tWf3Tnqs..k7IiXFuqspBt57rJPl_7pT9woRNO1t5de2A7a6cUaF6S30fFTRsAz.L_dyL4KYfrfUCDAThsqssx2feXRWjOsMRzYAiNI6dH2xW1I4B2.5IZ5FAY2URxfgM._k7ydtfiuynXeh.EQOCN93_YXuuZyiSPOX5CI7jCzeKRxQUygD76_eVECZ5h8NwBPQ1BogZLAF3zNz40IGrggGko3TxCXZ8crA5JFT9VVXDerfZOUoQVJyRLH710SCly7CxqG21KhVpE6PgS.fbWfBYC2TKoG7L1AUOi3IQfahsLfLkVvxMriaRwWCp7b3xgwE.ZBGE7ifkpXkwiI31nKBDnLuYjPgELQzUhwZuL62JJVQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913492aefcafa042';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Nazia%20Abdul%20Majid&__cf_chl_rt_tk=gy3uSoBs2bNg27p2DxcDqGoJxbMhQgvm5aq4Sum8FWY-1739782678-1.0.1.1-QHT_T5_Qv_8tz8VXEh5pFbTzbobC2koMwcq.8oBLjCY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>