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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ننوتل</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="شخصي اوزار" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">شخصي اوزار</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ps.wikipedia.org&uselang=ps"><span>مرسته وکړئ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%93%D9%88%D9%84&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="تاسې ته د يو گڼون د جوړولو او بيا غونډال کې ورننوتلو سپارښتنه کېږي؛ که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>گڼون جوړول</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%86%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="تاسې ته په غونډال کې د ننوتلو سپارښتنه کوو، که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ننوتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%DB%90" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ونډې</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>خبرې 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مالومات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">پیل</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ډولونه" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ډولونه"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>ډولونه</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ډولونه-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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id="toc-ناقص_احتراق-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-سرچينې" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#سرچينې"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲</span> <span>سرچينې</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-سرچينې-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مالومات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">احتراق</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ليکنه په بله ژبه کي وګورئ. دا ليکنه په ۸۹ ژبو کې شتون لري." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۸۹ ژبې</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbranding" title="Verbranding – افریکانسي" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verbranding" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="افریکانسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraf" title="Coraf – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Coraf" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3n" title="Combustión – استورياني" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Combustión" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="استورياني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanma" title="Yanma – اذربایجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yanma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="اذربایجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Гарэнне – بېلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гарэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بېلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penambusan_(kimia)" title="Penambusan (kimia) – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Penambusan (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Горене – بلغاري" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Горене" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8" title="দহন – بنگالي" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দহন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagorijevanje" title="Sagorijevanje – بوسني" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sagorijevanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3" title="Combustió – کټلاني" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Combustió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کټلاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سووتان – منځنۍ کوردي" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سووتان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="منځنۍ کوردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%99en%C3%AD" title="Hoření – چېکي" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hoření" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چېکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Çуну – چوواشي" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çуну" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="چوواشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylosgiad" title="Hylosgiad – ويلشي" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hylosgiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ويلشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbr%C3%A6nding" title="Forbrænding – ډنمارکي" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forbrænding" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ډنمارکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbrennung_(Chemie)" title="Verbrennung (Chemie) – الماني" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verbrennung (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Καύση – یوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καύση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion – انګليسي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انګليسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brulo" title="Brulo – اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3n" title="Combustión – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Combustión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5lemine" title="Põlemine – حبشي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põlemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="حبشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errekuntza" title="Errekuntza – باسکي" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errekuntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaminen" title="Palaminen – فینلنډي" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion – فرانسوي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3_(imoibri%C3%BA)" title="Dó (imoibriú) – ائيرلېنډي" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dó (imoibriú)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ائيرلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3n" title="Combustión – ګلېشيايي" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Combustión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ګلېشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="בעירה – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בעירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8" title="दहन – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दहन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorenje" title="Gorenje – کروايشيايي" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gorenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کروايشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyaksyon_konbistyon" title="Reyaksyon konbistyon – هيټي کريول" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Reyaksyon konbistyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="هيټي کريول" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89g%C3%A9s_(t%C5%B1zv%C3%A9delem)" title="Égés (tűzvédelem) – هنګري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Égés (tűzvédelem)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنګري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9)" title="Այրում (երևույթ) – آرمينيايي" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Այրում (երևույթ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمينيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembakaran_(kimia)" title="Pembakaran (kimia) – انډونېزي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembakaran (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انډونېزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81)" title="Дагар (физика-химе процесс) – انگش" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дагар (физика-химе процесс)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="انگش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombusto" title="Kombusto – اڊو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kombusto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="اڊو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruni" title="Bruni – ايسلنډي" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bruni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ايسلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustione" title="Combustione – ایټالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Combustione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایټالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%84%BC" title="燃焼 – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="燃焼" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="აალება – جورجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აალება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جورجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%E1%B9%9B%C9%A3iwt" title="Timeṛɣiwt – کیبیل" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timeṛɣiwt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="کیبیل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Жану – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8" title="ಉಷ್ಣ ವಿಕಸನ – کناډا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಷ್ಣ ವಿಕಸನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="کناډا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EC%86%8C" title="연소 – کوریایی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B9%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Күйүү – کرغيزي" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Күйүү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="کرغيزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbrenning" title="Verbrenning – لمبرگیانی" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Verbrenning" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="لمبرگیانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degimo_reakcija" title="Degimo reakcija – ليتواني" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Degimo reakcija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليتواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deg%C5%A1ana" title="Degšana – لېټواني" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Degšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لېټواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembakaran" title="Pembakaran – ملایا" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembakaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملایا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="ज्वलति – نيواري" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्वलति" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="نيواري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbranding" title="Verbranding – هالېنډي" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verbranding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هالېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbrenning" title="Forbrenning – ناروېئي (نائنورسک)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forbrenning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (نائنورسک)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbrenning" title="Forbrenning – ناروېئي (بوکمال)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forbrenning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (بوکمال)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion – اوکسيټاني" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اوکسيټاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਦਹਿਨ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਹਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalanie" title="Spalanie – پولنډي" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spalanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combust%C3%A3o" title="Combustão – پورتګالي" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Combustão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتګالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawray" title="Rawray – کېچوا" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rawray" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="کېچوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardere" title="Ardere – رومانیایی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ardere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Горение – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%8B" title="Умайыы – سخا" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Умайыы" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="سخا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cummustioni" title="Cummustioni – سیلیسي" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cummustioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="سیلیسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boaldin" title="Boaldin – شمالي سامي" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Boaldin" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="شمالي سامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagorijevanje" title="Sagorijevanje – سرب-کروشيايي" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sagorijevanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سرب-کروشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horenie" title="Horenie – سلوواکي" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Horenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorenje_(kemija)" title="Gorenje (kemija) – سلوواني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gorenje (kemija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djegia" title="Djegia – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Djegia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagorevanje" title="Sagorevanje – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Sagorevanje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rbr%C3%A4nning" title="Förbränning – سویډنی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förbränning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویډنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எரிதல் – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எரிதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/pcyana_puniq" title="pcyana puniq – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="pcyana puniq" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89" title="การเผาไหม้ – تايلېنډي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเผาไหม้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تايلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombustiyon" title="Kombustiyon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kombustiyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanma" title="Yanma – ترکي" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yanma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Горіння – اوکرايني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Горіння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکرايني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1y" title="Cháy – وېتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cháy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="وېتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paglarab" title="Paglarab – وارۍ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paglarab" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="وارۍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawara" title="Sawara – ولوف" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sawara" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ولوف" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7" title="燃烧 – وو چینایی" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="燃烧" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چینایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="פארברענונג – يديش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארברענונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="يديش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cgban%C3%A1" title="Ìgbaná – یوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìgbaná" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="یوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7" title="燃烧 – چیني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="燃烧" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="燃燒 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="燃燒" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C3%A2n-sio" title="Jiân-sio – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jiân-sio" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="燃燒 – کانټوني" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="燃燒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانټوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukushisa" title="Ukushisa – زولو" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukushisa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="زولو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133235#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="د ژبو خپلمنځي تړنې سمول" class="wbc-editpage">تړنې سمول</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نوم-تشيالونه"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="د مخ مېنځپانگه کتل [c]" accesskey="c"><span>مخ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90:%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="د مخ د مېنځپانگې په اړه خبرې اترې (تر اوسه پورې نه شته) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>خبرې اترې</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">پښتو</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="کتنې"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82"><span>لوستل</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&action=edit" title="د دې مخ د سرچينې کوډ سمول [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سمول</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&action=history" title="د دې 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item 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id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:RecentChangesLinked/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" rel="nofollow" title="له دې مخ سره د تړل شويو مخونو وروستي بدلونونه [k]" accesskey="k"><span>اړونده بدلونونه</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ps" title="دوتنې پورته کول [u]" accesskey="u"><span>انځور/رسنۍ پورته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="د ټولو ځانگړو پاڼو لړليک [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ځانگړي مخونه</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&oldid=282770" title="د دې مخ د همدې بڼې تلپاتې تړنه"><span>تلپاتې تړنه</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&action=info" title="د دې مخ اړونده نور مالومات"><span>د مخ مالومات</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%A9&page=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&id=282770&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="دې مخ ته د اخځ مالومات"><span>د دې مخ اخځ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fps.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582"><span>لنډ URL ترلاسه کړئ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fps.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582"><span>د QR کوډ يې ډاونلوډ کړئ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چاپول/صادرول </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82"><span>يو کتاب جوړول</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&action=show-download-screen"><span>د PDF په بڼه ښکته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&printable=yes" title="د دې مخ چاپي بڼه [p]" accesskey="p"><span>چاپي بڼه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> په نورو پروژو کې </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Combustion" hreflang="en"><span>ويکيمېډيا کامنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133235" title="د نښلېدلي اومتوک زېرمتون توکي سره تړنه [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ويکي‌ډېټا توکی</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ښکارېدونکې بڼه"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ښکارېدونکې بڼه</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">پټول</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ps" dir="rtl"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Et_baal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Et_baal.jpg/220px-Et_baal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Et_baal.jpg/330px-Et_baal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Et_baal.jpg/440px-Et_baal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>احتراق</b> یا <b>سوزېدنه</b> د سوزېدونکې مادې او یو اکسیډانت ترمنځ چې په معمول ډول د اتموسفیر اکسیجن دی هغه کیمیاوي لوړه تودوخه لرونکی ریډوکس ګرمی تولیدونکی غبرګون دی چې اکساید شوي محصولات او تر ډېره هغه ګاز چې د دود په نامه په مخلوط کې ګډ دی تولید کوي. احتراق تل د اور رامنځته کېدو لامل نه ګرځي ځکه چې د اور لمبه یوازې هغه مهال لید وړ ګرځي چې هغه مواد چې د احتراق په حالت کې دي تبخیر شي؛ خو کله چې لمبه کوي هغه بیا د غبرګون مالومه ځانګړنه ده. په داسې حال کې چې د احتراق د پیل لپاره باید د فعالولو له انرژي کار واخیستل شي (د بېلګې په توګه د اور لګولو لپاره له ګوګرد او یا نورو څخه ګټنه)؛ د لمبې ګرمي بیا کولای شي د دغه غبرګون د دوام کولو لپاره کافي انرژي برابره کړي.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>احتراق تر ډېره پورې د ابتدايي راډیکال غبرګونونو پېچلی دوام دی. جامد سون توکي، لکه لرګي او د ډبرو سکاره په پیل کې د ګرمي اخیستونکې حرارتي تجزیې سره مخ کېږي څو ګازي سون تولید کړي چې احتراق یې بیا د هغو د لا زیات حرارت تولید ته لار برابروي. احتراق تر ډېره پورې دومره تودوخه رامنځته کوي چې رڼا او یا هم خپله لمبه تولید کوي. ساده مثال یې هم د اوبو په بخار کې د هایدروجن او اکسیجن احتراق دی، هغه غبرګون چې تر ډېره د توغندیو د ماشینونو په سون برخه کې ترې ګټنه کېږي. </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2H_{2}(g){+}O_{2}(g)\rightarrow 2H_{2}O\uparrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2H_{2}(g){+}O_{2}(g)\rightarrow 2H_{2}O\uparrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2c61b3cfd78e4a45782c53675acc553ced21c7f3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:26.538ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2H_{2}(g){+}O_{2}(g)\rightarrow 2H_{2}O\uparrow }}}"></span> </p><p>په هوا کې نه کتلېز شوی احتراق نسبتا لوړې تودوخې ته اړتیا لري. بشپړ احتراق د ستوکیومتری په سون کې رامنځته کېږي، چېرې چې نور د سوزېدو لپاره هېڅ شی هم نه وي پاتې شوي؛ په ایډیال توګه هېڅ پاتې اکسیدانت شتون وه نه لري. له ترموډینامیکي پلوه په هوا کې د احتراق کیمیاوي تعادل په پام وړ کچه د توکو سره شتون لري. له دې سره بشپړ احتراق نږدې غیرممکن دی، ځکه چې کیمیاوي تعادل نه شي ترلاسه کېدای، یا کېدای شي یو شمېر نه سوزېدلي توکي لکه کاربن مونوکساید، هایدروجن او حتی کاربن (دود او ایره) پاتې وي. له همدې امله تولید کېدونی دود تر ډېره زهري دی چې نه سوزېدلي یا نیمه اکساید شوي محصولات په کې شتون لري. د اتومسفیر هوا چې ۷۸ سلنه نایتروجن لري؛ په لوړه تودوخه کې هر احتراق په لږ کچه نایتروجن اوکساید تولید کوي چې معمولا د NOx نوم ورته کارول کېږي، ځکه چې د نایتروجن احتراق له ترموډینامیکي پلوه په لوړ اتومسفیر کې ښه صورت نیسي نه په لږ اتومسفیر کې. </p><p>اور په طبیعي ډول د تالندې برېښنا او یا هم اورغوځونکو محصولاتو له امله رامنځته کېږي. احتراق (اور) لومړنی کنټرول شوی کیمیاوي غبرګون و چې د انسانانو له خوا په کیمپ اورونه (د کور د ضروریاتو لپاره) او اورونه (د بېکاره موادو د سوځولو په موخه) ډولونو کشف شو او ورپسې د بشریت لپاره په انرژي تولیدونکي اصلي میتود واوښت. تر ډېره پورې سون توکي کاربونونه، هایدرو کاربونونه او یا هم د هغو پیچلي مخلوطونه دي چې بېلګه یې لرګی دی چې نیمه اکساید شوی هایدروکاربن لري. د فوسیلي سون توکو لکه ډبرو سکرو، نفتو، یا هم تجدید منونکو سون تکو لکه وښو څخه د تولید کېدونې حرارتي انرژي څخه په بېلابېلو برخو لکه پخلي کول، د برېښنا تولید او یا هم د صنعتي او کورني ګرمښت په موخه کار اخیستل کېږي. تر اوسه پورې احتراق یوازنی غبرګون دی چې راکټونو ته د قوې ورکولو په برخه کې ترې کار اخیستل کېږي. له دې سربېره له احتراق څخه د دواړو خطرناکو او عادي خځلیو د له منځه وړو (سوزولو) په موخه کار اخیستل کېږي. </p><p>د احتراق اکسیدانتونه د اکسیدیشن لوړ پتانشیل لري چې په کې د اتومسفیر اکسیجن یا خالص اکسیجن، کلورین، فلورین، کلورین ټرای فلوراید، نایتروجن اوکساید او نایتریک اسید شاملېږي. د بېلګې په توګه هایدروجن په کلورینو کې سوزي چې هایدروجن کلوراید تولیدوي او له ځانه تودوخه او رڼا چې د احتراق ځانګړنه ده تولیدوي. په داسې حال کې چې معمولا نه کتلېز کېږي خو احتراق کېدای شي د پلاتینیوم او وانادیم په واسطه کاتالیز شي لکه د تماس په بهیر کې. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ډولونه"><span id=".DA.89.D9.88.D9.84.D9.88.D9.86.D9.87"></span>ډولونه</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&action=edit&section=1" title="د سمولو برخه: ډولونه"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="بشپړ_او_ناقص_احتراق"><span id=".D8.A8.D8.B4.D9.BE.DA.93_.D8.A7.D9.88_.D9.86.D8.A7.D9.82.D8.B5_.D8.A7.D8.AD.D8.AA.D8.B1.D8.A7.D9.82"></span>بشپړ او ناقص احتراق</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&action=edit&section=2" title="د سمولو برخه: بشپړ او ناقص احتراق"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="بشپړ_احتراق"><span id=".D8.A8.D8.B4.D9.BE.DA.93_.D8.A7.D8.AD.D8.AA.D8.B1.D8.A7.D9.82"></span>بشپړ احتراق</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&action=edit&section=3" title="د سمولو برخه: بشپړ احتراق"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>په بشپړ احتراق کې غبرګون ښوونکی په اکسیجن کې سوزي او په ډېر لږ کچه محصولات تولید کوي. هغه مهال چې یو هایدروکاربن په اکسیجن کې سوزي؛ په لومړۍ درجه کې کاربن ډای اکساید او اوبه تولید کوي. کله چې یې عناصر سوزي، تولیدات یې تر ډېره اکسایدونه دي. کاربن تر ډېره کاربن ډای اکساید، سلفر بیا سلفر اوکساید او وسپنه هم فیریک اوکساید تولید وي. هغه مهال چې اکسیجن اکساید کوونکی وي، بیا نو نایتروجن د احتراق کوونکې مادې په توګه په پام کې نه نیول کېږي. له دې سره په ډېره لږ کچه بېلابېل ډوله نایتروجن اکساید هم هغه مهال تولیدېږي چې هوا اکسایدي وي. </p><p>احتراق لزوما د اکسایدیشن د حد اکثر درجې لپاره مطلوب نه وي او کېدای شي د هوا تودوخې ته اړوند وي. د بېلګې په توګه سلفرترای اکساید له کمیتي پلوه د ګوګرد په احتراق سره نه تولید کېږي. د نایتروجن اکساید ډولونه په پام وړ کچه تودوخه کې چې ۲۸۰۰ فارنهایت (۱۵۴۰ سانتي ګراد) کېږي څرګندېږي او له هغو څخه په لوړو تودوخو کې نور هم پسې زیاتېږي. د نایتروجن اکساید کچه هم د اکسیجن د شتون متابعت کوي.<sup id="cite_ref-NOx_formation_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOx_formation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>په ډېری صنعتي چارو او اور سوزېدونو کې هوا د اکسیجن (O<sub>2</sub>) منبع ده. په هوا کې د اکسیجن هر مالیکول د نایتروجن د نږدې ۳.۷۱ مالیکولونو سره مخلوط کېږي. نایتروجن په احتراق کې ونډه نه لري خو په لوړه تودوخه کې د نایتروجن یوه کچه یې په نایتروجن اکساید اوړي (تر ډېره پورې نایتروجن اوکساید او په لږ کچه نایتروجن ډای اوکساید جوړوي). بل پلو هغه مهال چې د سون په موخه کافي اکسیجن شتون وه نلري د سوزیدونکي کاربن یوه برخه په کاربن مونوکساید اوړي او یو شمېر هایدروجنونه له غبرګون ښوولو پرته پاتې کېږي. </p><p>د بشپړ احتراق لپاره د اړتیا وړ هوا د خالصې هوا په توګه پېژندل کېږي. له دې سره په عملي ډګر کې کارېدونکې هوا د خالصې هوا ۲ پر درې برخه جوړوي. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ناقص_احتراق"><span id=".D9.86.D8.A7.D9.82.D8.B5_.D8.A7.D8.AD.D8.AA.D8.B1.D8.A7.D9.82"></span>ناقص احتراق</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&action=edit&section=4" title="د سمولو برخه: ناقص احتراق"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ناقص احتراق هغه مهال رامنځته کېږي چې کافي اکسیجن شتون ونلري او اجازه ورکوي بشپړ غبرګون رامنځته نه شي؛ همدارنګه له امله یې کاربن ډای اوکساید او اوبه تولید کېږي. دغه ډول احتراق هغه مهال رامنځته کېږي چې احتراق په حرارتي لوښي یا بلې جامدې سطحې باندې خاموش کړای شي. هماغه ډول چې په بشپړ احتراق کې ده اوبه د ناقص احتراق له امله تولید کېږي؛ له دې امله د کاربن ډای اکساید پر ځای کاربن، کاربن مونوکساید او هایدروکساید تولیدېږي. </p><p>په ډېری سون توکو لکه ډیزلو، ډبرو سکرو او یا لرګیو کې تجزیه له احتراق څخه د وړاندې تودوخې له امله پیل کېږي. په ناقص احتراق کې له پیرولیز څخه رامنځته شوي محصولات نه سوزېدلي پاتې کېږي او د مضرو ګازونو او زراتو په لرلو دود تولید کوي. نیمه اکساید شوي ترکیبات هم اندیښمنونکي دي. د ایتانول جزيي اکسایدیشن کېدلای شي مضر اسیتالدهاید تولید کړي او همدارنګه کاربن کولای شي مسموم کوونکی کاربن مونوکساید تولید کړي. </p><p>د احتراق کچه د اندازه کولو او تجزیې او تحلیل په تجهیزاتو ترسره کېدلای شي. HVAC قراردادیان، د اطفايي مامورین او انجینران د احتراق له تجزیه کوونکو وسایلو کار اخلي او د احتراق په بهیر کې د اور اچونکې وسیلي اغېزمنتیا ازمويي. همدارنګه د داخلي احتراق لرونکو ماشینونو اغېزمنتیا هم د دغو وسایلو په مرسته اندازه کېږي، د متحده ایالاتو په یو شمېر ایالتونو او شاروالیو کې په اوسنیو واټونو باندې د نقلیه وسایطو د کار کولو د وړتیا موندلو په موخه هم ترې ګټه اخیستل کېږي.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="سرچينې"><span id=".D8.B3.D8.B1.DA.86.D9.8A.D9.86.DB.90"></span>سرچينې</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&action=edit&section=5" title="د سمولو برخه: سرچينې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">colloquial meaning of burning is combustion accompanied by flames</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOx_formation-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NOx_formation_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alentecinc.com/papers/NOx/The%20formation%20of%20NOx_files/The%20formation%20of%20NOx.htm">The formation of NOx</a>. Alentecinc.com. Retrieved on 2010-09-28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r262776">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/ghi/incomplete-combustion-processes.htm">"Incomplete combustion process"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Incomplete+combustion+process&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenfacts.org%2Fglossary%2Fghi%2Fincomplete-combustion-processes.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/747-what-is-fire">"Burning showing incomplete combustion"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Burning+showing+incomplete+combustion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencelearn.org.nz%2Fresources%2F747-what-is-fire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=احتراق&oldid=282770">https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=احتراق&oldid=282770</a>" نه اخيستل شوی</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%DB%90" 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