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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Attitude_signal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attitude_signal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Attitude signal</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attitude_signal-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Attitude signal subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attitude_signal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attitude_signals_at_notrump_contracts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attitude_signals_at_notrump_contracts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Attitude signals at notrump contracts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attitude_signals_at_notrump_contracts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-When_not_to_signal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#When_not_to_signal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>When not to signal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-When_not_to_signal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Count_signal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Count_signal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Count signal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Count_signal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suit_preference_signal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suit_preference_signal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Suit preference signal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suit_preference_signal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upside_down_count_and_attitude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upside_down_count_and_attitude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Upside down count and attitude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upside_down_count_and_attitude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discarding_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Signal%22+bridge">"Signal" bridge</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Signal%22+bridge+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Signal%22+bridge&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Signal%22+bridge+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Signal%22+bridge">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Signal%22+bridge&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">Contract bridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_contract_bridge_terms" title="Glossary of contract bridge terms">Glossary of contract bridge terms</a></div> <p>A (bridge) <b>signal</b> is a move in the <a href="/wiki/Card_game" title="Card game">card game</a> of <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">contract bridge</a> in which partners defending against a contract play particular cards in a manner which gives a coded meaning or <i>signal</i> to guide their subsequent card play. This may also be referred to as <i>carding</i>. Signals are usually given with the cards from the two-spot to the nine-spot. There are three types of signals: </p> <ul><li>attitude signals – the most frequently used, to encourage or discourage continuation of the suit led by partner</li> <li>count signals – showing either an even or odd number of cards held in the suit led and</li> <li>suit preference signals – the least frequently used, indicating partiality for a specific side suit.</li></ul> <p>The methods used for each type of signal have evolved over time and fall into two broad categories: </p> <ul><li>standard signals, where a high card or one followed by a lower card is encouraging when it is an attitude signal or shows an even number of cards when it is a count signal; and</li> <li>reverse (upside-down) signals, where the meanings are reversed. A low card or one followed by a higher card is discouraging when it is an attitude signal and shows an odd number of cards when it is a count signal.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:10px;"> <caption>Precedence of signal types </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Lead is by </th> <th>Following suit </th> <th>Discarding </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Partner </th> <td>1. attitude<br />2. count </td> <td>1. attitude </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Declarer </th> <td>1. count<br />2. suit preference </td> <td>1. attitude<br />2. suit preference </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Partnerships decide on which methods to adopt and must disclose them to their opponents. Use and interpretation is dependent upon their context, such as the contract, the auction, the opening lead or prior play, the cards visible in dummy, the cards visible in one's hand, who has led to the current trick and whether following suit or discarding. </p><p>Accordingly, partnerships generally have an order of precedence for the interpretation of signals such as that indicated in the adjacent table. In the vast majority of cases, the third-hand follow-suit signal is an attitude signal, but when the attitude signal does not apply, it is a count signal. Usually, it is relatively easy to recognize a signal correctly when the declarer leads – either a count signal when following suit, or an attitude signal when discarding, and when they do not apply, it is a suit-preference signal. </p><p>While signals are a means of permissible communication between defenders, they are considered as providing guiding information to partner and are not absolutely binding; the partner may proceed otherwise as they deem rationally appropriate. Because the declarer is entitled to know the meaning of all partnership agreements, including defenders' signals, they are also privy to the information being exchanged; this may give way to <a href="#Falsecarding">falsecarding</a> tactics by the defenders. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attitude_signal">Attitude signal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Attitude signal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When signaling standard attitude, a high card is encouraging and a low card is discouraging. Attitude is normally signaled when following suit to partner's led suit and when discarding on either partner's or declarer's led suit. </p><p>For example, if one's partner leads with the Ace of Spades, one might signal with the nine if the King is held (requesting partner to continue the suit), or with the three if one holds nothing but spade cards with low ranks (notifying the partner that a switch to another suit is likely best). </p><p>One can only signal with the cards held. Signaling low is easy, but if one's lowest card is the eight, one's partner might have difficulty "reading" it as low. When signaling high, play the highest card possible. Having easily readable cards to signal relies on luck. </p><p>Suppose the declarer draws trumps and one is out on the third round. Discarding should be an attitude signal for one's partner. For example, playing a high diamond card can ask one's partner to lead with diamonds if they gain the lead. Normally, one would have an honor or honors in diamonds in this case. Playing a low diamond card asks one's partner to <i>not</i> lead with diamonds if they gain the lead. </p><p>If declarer plays another round of trump, one may be able to play another diamond: this will make it unambiguous to one's partner whether one is encouraging diamonds (by playing high-low) or discouraging diamonds (by playing low-high). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attitude_signals_at_notrump_contracts">Attitude signals at notrump contracts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attitude signals at notrump contracts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With standard attitude signals one generally plays the highest card you can afford for that purpose. Typically attitude signals are made when partner leads an honor (either on the opening lead or later) and requests a continuation. The usual reason for this is that one possesses an honor equal to the honor played or promised by the lead. Against a notrump contract (especially on the opening lead), one's partner will lead an honor from a solid or broken sequence, such as QJ10 or KQ10. With less solid holdings like QJxx(x) or KQxx(x) partner will lead with their fourth best card. The reason to signal is, if partner leads from a broken sequence and there are small cards in dummy, partner may not know whether to continue the suit. </p><p><i>Examples:</i> </p> <table class="wikitable" align="left" style="width:300px; line-height:1.1em; margin-right:20px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:33%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> </td> <td style="width:33%;">7 4 </td> <td style="width:33%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>K Q 10 6 2 </td> <td style="background-color:#008000; color:white; font-size:87%; text-align:center;"><b>W    N↑ S↓    E</b> </td> <td>J 8 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> </td> <td style="width:33%;">A 9 5 </td> <td style="width:33%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table><p> Partner leads the king against a notrump contract. With J83, one would play the 8, so that if partner has something like KQ1062 and declarer A95 they can continue the suit without giving up a trick if the declarer lets it hold.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable" align="left" style="width:300px; line-height:1.1em; margin-right:20px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:33%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> </td> <td style="width:33%;">7 4 </td> <td style="width:33%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>K Q 10 6 2 </td> <td style="background-color:#008000; color:white; font-size:87%; text-align:center;"><b>W    N↑ S↓    E</b> </td> <td>9 8 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> </td> <td style="width:33%;">A J 5 </td> <td style="width:33%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> </td></tr></tbody></table><p> If one plays the 3, one's partner may take this view of the suit, and may switch to another suit hoping to get one in to lead though declarer's probable jack. It is also possible that one have the singleton or doubleton 8, in which case declarer would have 4 or 5 cards in the suit with the bidding revealing that. If the declarer had bid the suit, one's partner would also be less likely to lead from a broken honor sequence or lead the suit.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>Some players agree to unblock their highest honor when a King is led against a notrump contract, and with no honor to give a count signal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="When_not_to_signal">When not to signal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: When not to signal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The general principle is to not signal if doing so will help the declarer more than the defenders. </p><p>Example 1: One assumes they hold virtually all of the defensive cards, and their partner will most likely never gain the lead. Signalling is strongly discouraged. One's partner, on the other hand, knowing the situation, should consider signalling honestly. </p><p>Example 2: Signalling against a slam is dangerous. Make the declarer work as hard as possible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Count_signal">Count signal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Count signal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The standard count signal is to play high-low with an even number of cards, and low-high with an odd number. Normally, one "gives count" when following suit to the declarer's led suits. This will help one's partner determine the distribution of the suit. See <a href="/wiki/Duck_(bridge)" title="Duck (bridge)">duck (bridge)</a> for an example. </p><p>Count in the trump suit is normally inverted. Thus, high-low shows an odd number of trumps. Some partnerships (by advance agreement) signal this way only when they have a desire or ability to <a href="/wiki/Ruff_(cards)" title="Ruff (cards)">ruff</a> something. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suit_preference_signal">Suit preference signal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Suit preference signal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This signal is used infrequently. When it is clear that the choice of lead is between two suits, the play of a high card on a previous trick suggests the lead of the higher-ranking suit and a low card suggests the lower-ranking suit. There are four common cases: </p> <ul><li>When following suit on one's partner's lead (complement to the attitude signal): In situations where one's partner has made an opening lead and an attitude signal would not be meaningful, such as when dummy displays a singleton or void in the suit being led, a suit preference signal is used to indicate which of the other two suits to lead – excluding trumps and the suit originally led. The signal can also be useful when a switch to a side suit is not desired, since there are hands in which continuing the original suit or switching to a trump is the right thing to do. In this case, a middle card is often used to indicate this situation, but it can be hard to read.</li> <li>When leading in a suit one's partner is expected to <a href="/wiki/Ruff_(cards)" title="Ruff (cards)">ruff</a>: The rank of the card led suggests a preference for the suits to be returned by one's partner after the ruff. Letting one's partner know this may allow one to regain the lead for another ruff. For example, in each of the two hands below, partner has led what is likely a singleton club against a 4<span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> contract. After winning the <span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span>A, the lead of <span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span>10 for the first hand and <span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span>2 for the second hand indicates which suit partner should return. <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span> A964 <span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> 104</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> 765 <span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span> A1062</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span> 765 <span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span> 104</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span> A964 <span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span> A1062</span></li></ul></li> <li>When following suit on the declarer/dummy's lead of a long suit (complement to the count signal): When partner has a single honor, a suit preference signal shows which of dummy's side suits is preferred for partner to return after winning a trick. If there is no side entry, the card is a count signal to show one's partner when is best to win or <a href="/wiki/Duck_(bridge)" title="Duck (bridge)">duck</a> a trick.</li> <li>When discarding – see below</li> <li>Some defenders use the trump suit to show suit preference. When a defender can afford to play either of two trump cards, following suit with the higher card first shows interest in the higher ranking suit while playing the lower card first indicates interest in the lower ranking suit. This is a non-standard agreement – see count signal above.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upside_down_count_and_attitude">Upside down count and attitude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Upside down count and attitude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some partnerships agree in advance to play Upside Down Count and Attitude (UDCA). With this agreement, the standard count and attitude signals are inverted: when signaling attitude, a low card is encouraging and a high card is discouraging; when signaling count, high-low shows odd count and low-high shows even count. </p><p>Many experienced players believe UDCA is superior to standard signaling. Most importantly, it is often easier for one's partner to read one's signals. Also, one does not have to "waste" high cards in suits you like. </p><p>UDCA, as the name states, only applies to count and attitude signals. Suit preference signals are played standard. Also, one's leads (as opposed to signals) are unchanged—one still leads high from a doubleton, for example, barring another special agreement to the contrary. </p><p>As mentioned above, standard count in the trump suit is already "upside down". Experts recommend that trump signaling be the same in UDCA as standard trump signaling, that is, when playing UDCA, signal the same in all four suits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discarding_agreements">Discarding agreements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Discarding agreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some partnerships agree in advance to assign special meaning to the first <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_contract_bridge_terms#discard" title="Glossary of contract bridge terms">discard</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lavinthal_(McKenney)"><span id="Lavinthal_.28McKenney.29"></span>Lavinthal (McKenney)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lavinthal (McKenney)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With this agreement, the first discard is suit preference. One does not like the led suit and does not want the suit discarded. One's suit preference signal tells one's partner which of the two remaining suits one prefers: a high card for the higher ranking of the remaining suits and a low card for the lower ranking. This treatment is known as Lavinthal in the United States, or McKenney in the UK. The potential disadvantage of this method is that one always have to give preference for one suit or other when one may not want any switch in particular. This can be overcome at times by signalling for an "impossible" switch, such as a suit in which the dummy has a very strong holding such as AKQ. </p><p>There is another slightly different Lavinthal used by <i>SAYC OKBridge Style Simplified</i>: discarding a low card of either remaining suit (excluding trumps and the suit one does not have) asks for the lower suit. For example, if hearts are trumps and one is discarding on clubs, then a low spade <i>or</i> diamond asks for a diamond. Discarding a high card of either remaining suit asks for the higher suit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolving_discard">Revolving discard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Revolving discard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with Lavinthal, one has the possibility to request suit preference in two ways. A low discard indicates interest in the suit directly below (a low club signaling spades); a high discard signals preference for the suit directly above (a high spade signaling clubs). The lead suit is skipped in reading the signal. This is considered by many to be easier to remember than Lavinthal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odd–even_(Roman)"><span id="Odd.E2.80.93even_.28Roman.29"></span>Odd–even (Roman)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Odd–even (Roman)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With this agreement, the first discard shows the following: if it is an odd spot card (three, five, seven or nine) it is encouraging in that suit; if it is a low even spot card (deuce or four), it shows preference for the lower ranking suit of the other two suits; if it is a high even spot card (six or eight), it shows preference for the higher ranking suit. The even card often has a dual function: aside from indicating suit preference, it is also a negative indication for the suit being used for the even card. A high odd card followed by a low odd card may show both preference and count (odd or even number of cards, depending on partnership agreement). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surrogate">Surrogate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Surrogate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A surrogate suit is one played by the declarer in which a defender does not need to signal his attitude or count nor use to give a preference signal; usually the trump suit is a good surrogate suit if a trump echo is not needed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suit in which the count will be given is called the target suit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disclosure">Disclosure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Disclosure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The declarer is entitled to know what signaling agreements one has with one's partner, and one must disclose them if asked. However, one does not have to interpret any particular play (and should not, because it might transmit information to one's partner). For example, if partner plays the 5 of clubs and one is asked what it means, one can say "a high club encourages clubs, a low club discourages clubs" (assuming that is your agreement). If one sees the 4, 3, and 2 in your hand, one knows that the 5 is a low club and therefore discouraging, but one should refrain from saying so. As far as one's partner knows it might equally well be declarer who holds those cards and then you might misread the 5 as encouraging. </p><p>Most regulating bodies in bridge also prohibit the use of encrypted signals. These signals convey a message that can only be interpreted by knowing some specifics of the hands of the defenders. For example, the declarer's bidding might promise exactly a certain number of spades. By looking at the dummy, each defender knows how many spades the other has. An agreement applied in such circumstances, such as "if I have an even number of spades at the start of play, then we play standard signals on this deal, otherwise upside-down signals" would be encrypted and therefore widely prohibited. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Falsecarding">Falsecarding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Falsecarding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In general, the partner will gain more from a player's signals than the declarer's, so it is worthwhile to signal honestly most of the time. However, since the declarer can see one's signals as well, a player who gains a reputation for always giving accurate count, for example, may find information given away by their signals used to their disadvantage. It is common practice to throw in a misleading signal now and then. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKantarDimitrescu2003" class="citation book cs1">Kantar, Nicu; Dimitrescu, Dan (2003). <i>Bridge Classic and Modern Conventions, Vol. IV</i>. p. 1926. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-631-1099-7" title="Special:BookSources/91-631-1099-7"><bdi>91-631-1099-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridge+Classic+and+Modern+Conventions%2C+Vol.+IV&rft.pages=1926&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=91-631-1099-7&rft.aulast=Kantar&rft.aufirst=Nicu&rft.au=Dimitrescu%2C+Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASignal+%28bridge%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBird2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Bird_(bridge_writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Bird (bridge writer)">Bird, David</a> (2010). <i>Defensive Signaling at Bridge</i>. Toronto: Master Point Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897106-63-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897106-63-1"><bdi>978-1-897106-63-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defensive+Signaling+at+Bridge&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Master+Point+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-897106-63-1&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASignal+%28bridge%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorton1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Horton_(bridge)" title="Mark Horton (bridge)">Horton, Mark</a> (1994). <i>Step-by-Step Signalling</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Step-by-Step+Signalling&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASignal+%28bridge%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavinthal1964" class="citation book cs1">Lavinthal, Hy (1964). <i>Suit Preference Signals in Contract Bridge</i>. London: Faber and Faber.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suit+Preference+Signals+in+Contract+Bridge&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Lavinthal&rft.aufirst=Hy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASignal+%28bridge%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavinthal1974" class="citation book cs1">Lavinthal, Hy (1974). <i>Defensive Strategy in Bridge: Featuring Suit-Preference Signals</i>. New York: Dover Publications Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-23010-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-23010-4"><bdi>0-486-23010-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defensive+Strategy+in+Bridge%3A+Featuring+Suit-Preference+Signals&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications+Inc.&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-486-23010-4&rft.aulast=Lavinthal&rft.aufirst=Hy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASignal+%28bridge%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagee1999" class="citation book cs1">Magee, Bernard (1999). <i>Practise Your Discarding with Bernard Magee</i>. The Bridge Plus Practise Series. Reading, England: Bridge Plus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-902123-12-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-902123-12-3"><bdi>1-902123-12-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practise+Your+Discarding+with+Bernard+Magee&rft.place=Reading%2C+England&rft.series=The+Bridge+Plus+Practise+Series&rft.pub=Bridge+Plus&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-902123-12-3&rft.aulast=Magee&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASignal+%28bridge%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRigal1999" class="citation book cs1">Rigal, Barry (1999). <i>Practise Your Signalling with <a href="/wiki/Barry_Rigal" title="Barry Rigal">Barry Rigal</a></i>. The Bridge Plus Practise Series. Reading, England: Bridge Plus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-902123-07-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-902123-07-7"><bdi>1-902123-07-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practise+Your+Signalling+with+Barry+Rigal&rft.place=Reading%2C+England&rft.series=The+Bridge+Plus+Practise+Series&rft.pub=Bridge+Plus&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-902123-07-7&rft.aulast=Rigal&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASignal+%28bridge%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Smith_(bridge)" title="Marc Smith (bridge)">Smith, Marc</a> (2000). <i>Bridge Cardplay - Attack and Defence</i>. Finesse Bridge Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9538737--2-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-9538737--2-2"><bdi>0-9538737--2-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridge+Cardplay+-+Attack+and+Defence&rft.pub=Finesse+Bridge+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-9538737--2-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASignal+%28bridge%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolsey1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kit_Woolsey" title="Kit Woolsey">Woolsey, Kit</a> (1981). <i>Modern Defensive Signalling in Contract Bridge</i>. Port Chester, NY: Barclay Bridge Supplies Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Defensive+Signalling+in+Contract+Bridge&rft.place=Port+Chester%2C+NY&rft.pub=Barclay+Bridge+Supplies+Inc.&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Woolsey&rft.aufirst=Kit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASignal+%28bridge%29" class="Z3988"></span>. 1992, Devyn Press Inc., Louisville, KY, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-910791-40-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-910791-40-6">0-910791-40-6</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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colspan="2"><div id="Overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auction_bridge" title="Auction bridge">Auction bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_ethics" title="Bridge ethics">Bridge ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge-O-Rama" title="Bridge-O-Rama">Bridge-O-Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_maxims" title="Bridge maxims">Bridge maxims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Murder_case" title="Bridge Murder case">Bridge Murder case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_scoring" title="Bridge scoring">Bridge scoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_whist" title="Bridge whist">Bridge whist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgette_(game)" title="Bridgette (game)">Bridgette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_bridge" title="Cheating in bridge">Cheating in bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(bridge_card_game)" title="Chicago (bridge card game)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_bridge" title="Computer bridge">Computer bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">Contract bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_diagram" title="Contract bridge diagram">Contract bridge diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_bridge" title="Duplicate bridge">Duplicate bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_bridge_movements" title="Duplicate bridge movements">Duplicate bridge movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-suit_bridge" title="Five-suit bridge">Five-suit bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_(bridge)" title="Goulash (bridge)">Goulash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_contract_bridge_terms" title="Glossary of contract bridge terms">Glossary of contract bridge terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_card_by_suit" title="High card by suit">High card by suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_contract_bridge" title="History of contract bridge">History of contract bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Duplicate_Bridge" title="Laws of Duplicate Bridge">Laws of Duplicate Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masterpoints" title="Masterpoints">Masterpoints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minibridge" title="Minibridge">Minibridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuberg_formula" title="Neuberg formula">Neuberg formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_bridge" title="Rubber bridge">Rubber bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_(bridge)" title="Screen (bridge)">Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_bridge" title="Singaporean bridge">Singaporean bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_(cards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (cards)">Suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveling_scoreslip" title="Traveling scoreslip">Traveling scoreslip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_(card_games)" title="Trump (card games)">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vugraph" title="Vugraph">Vugraph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bidding" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bidding</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_hand" title="Balanced hand">Balanced hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balancing_(bridge)" title="Balancing (bridge)">Balancing (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidding_box" title="Bidding box">Bidding box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidding_system" title="Bidding system">Bidding system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_(bridge)" title="Board (bridge)">Board (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_convention" title="Bridge convention">Bridge convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_sticker" title="Brown sticker">Brown sticker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_card" title="Convention card">Convention card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_bid" title="Cue bid">Cue bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-card_majors" title="Five-card majors">Five-card majors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcing_bid" title="Forcing bid">Forcing bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcing_pass" title="Forcing pass">Forcing pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_try" title="Game try">Game try</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_evaluation" title="Hand evaluation">Hand evaluation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_point_count" title="Honor point count">Honor point count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_minors" title="Inverted minors">Inverted minors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_total_tricks" title="Law of total tricks">Law of total tricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losing-Trick_Count" title="Losing-Trick Count">Losing-Trick Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_suit" title="Major suit">Major suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_suit" title="Minor suit">Minor suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimum_contract_and_par_contract" title="Optimum contract and par contract">Optimum contract and par contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overcall" title="Overcall">Overcall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preempt" title="Preempt">Preempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared_opening_bid" title="Prepared opening bid">Prepared opening bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_fast_arrival" title="Principle of fast arrival">Principle of fast arrival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_bid" title="Psychic bid">Psychic bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_notrump_bids" title="Quantitative notrump bids">Quantitative notrump bids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_(bridge)" title="Reverse (bridge)">Reverse (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(bridge)" title="Sacrifice (bridge)">Sacrifice (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_(bridge)" title="Shooting (bridge)">Shooting (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_suiter" title="Single suiter">Single suiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_bid" title="Stolen bid">Stolen bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_pass" title="Strong pass">Strong pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeout_double" title="Takeout double">Takeout double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_suiter" title="Three suiter">Three suiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_suiter" title="Two suiter">Two suiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Useful_space_principle" title="Useful space principle">Useful space principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Void_(cards)" title="Void (cards)">Void (cards)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weak_two_bid" title="Weak two bid">Weak two bid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zar_Points" title="Zar Points">Zar Points</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bidding_systems" title="List of bidding systems">List of bidding systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2/1_game_forcing" title="2/1 game forcing">2/1 game forcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acol" title="Acol">Acol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidding_system" title="Bidding system">Bidding system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Club" title="Blue Club">Blue Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boring_Club" title="Boring Club">Boring Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Base_Basic" title="Bridge Base Basic">Bridge Base Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_World_Standard" title="Bridge World Standard">Bridge World Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canap%C3%A9_(bridge)" title="Canapé (bridge)">Canapé (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_Club" title="Carrot Club">Carrot Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EHAA" title="EHAA">EHAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantunes" title="Fantunes">Fantunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highly_unusual_method" title="Highly unusual method">Highly unusual method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaplan%E2%80%93Sheinwold" title="Kaplan–Sheinwold">Kaplan–Sheinwold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Major" title="Little Major">Little Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscito" title="Moscito">Moscito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Club" title="Polish Club">Polish Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Club" title="Precision Club">Precision Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Club" title="Roman Club">Roman Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romex_system" title="Romex system">Romex system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4ffle_Spade" title="Säffle Spade">Säffle Spade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_American" title="Standard American">Standard American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_club_system" title="Strong club system">Strong club system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridge_conventions" title="Category:Bridge conventions">List of bidding conventions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Card_play" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Card play</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_play_techniques_(bridge)" title="List of play techniques (bridge)">List of play techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoidance_play" title="Avoidance play">Avoidance play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_card" title="Beer card">Beer card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddy_(bridge)" title="Caddy (bridge)">Caddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_reading_(bridge)" title="Card reading (bridge)">Card reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_(bridge)" title="Duck (bridge)">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endplay" title="Endplay">Endplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entry_(cards)" title="Entry (cards)">Entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_gambit" title="Grosvenor gambit">Grosvenor gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold_up_(bridge)" title="Hold up (bridge)">Hold up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percentage_play" title="Percentage play">Percentage play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(bridge)" title="Pin (bridge)">Pin (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_restricted_choice" title="Principle of restricted choice">Principle of restricted choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_probabilities" title="Contract bridge probabilities">Probabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revoke" title="Revoke">Revoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruff_(cards)" title="Ruff (cards)">Ruff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_(bridge)" title="Shooting (bridge)">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smother_play" title="Smother play">Smother play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(bridge)" title="Tempo (bridge)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_promotion" title="Trump promotion">Trump promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppercut_(bridge)" title="Uppercut (bridge)">Uppercut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacant_Places" title="Vacant Places">Vacant Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declarer play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Basic:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finesse" title="Finesse">Finesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_play" title="Safety play">Safety play</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Coups:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_coup" title="Alcatraz coup">Alcatraz coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_coup" title="Bath coup">Bath coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belladonna_coup" title="Belladonna coup">Belladonna coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_(bridge)" title="Coup (bridge)">Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_en_passant" title="Coup en passant">Coup en passant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_coup" title="Crocodile coup">Crocodile coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deschapelles_coup" title="Deschapelles coup">Deschapelles coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_coup" title="Devil's coup">Devil's coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loser_on_loser" title="Loser on loser">Loser on loser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimac_coup" title="Merrimac coup">Merrimac coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton%27s_fork_coup" title="Morton's fork coup">Morton's fork coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissors_coup" title="Scissors coup">Scissors coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_coup" title="Trump coup">Trump coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_coup" title="Vienna coup">Vienna coup</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Squeezes:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backwash_squeeze" title="Backwash squeeze">Backwash squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_squeeze" title="Cannibal squeeze">Cannibal squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_squeeze" title="Clash squeeze">Clash squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_squeeze" title="Compound squeeze">Compound squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criss-cross_squeeze" title="Criss-cross squeeze">Criss-cross squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_squeeze" title="Double squeeze">Double squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entry_squeeze" title="Entry squeeze">Entry squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entry-shifting_squeeze" title="Entry-shifting squeeze">Entry-shifting squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_squeeze" title="Guard squeeze">Guard squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockout_squeeze" title="Knockout squeeze">Knockout squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-simultaneous_double_squeeze" title="Non-simultaneous double squeeze">Non-simultaneous double squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_squeeze" title="Progressive squeeze">Progressive squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-squeeze" title="Pseudo-squeeze">Pseudo-squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturated_squeeze" title="Saturated squeeze">Saturated squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_squeeze" title="Simple squeeze">Simple squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_double_squeeze" title="Simultaneous double squeeze">Simultaneous double squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-suit_squeeze" title="Single-suit squeeze">Single-suit squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(bridge)" title="Squeeze play (bridge)">Squeeze play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepping-stone_squeeze" title="Stepping-stone squeeze">Stepping-stone squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_squeeze" title="Strip squeeze">Strip squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_squeeze" title="Triple squeeze">Triple squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_squeeze" title="Trump squeeze">Trump squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_squeeze" title="Vice squeeze">Vice squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkle_squeeze" title="Winkle squeeze">Winkle squeeze</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Suit combinations:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_combination" title="Suit combination">Suit combination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defender play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forcing_defense" title="Forcing defense">Forcing defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalist_leads" title="Journalist leads">Journalist leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_lead" title="Opening lead">Opening lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_10-12" title="Rule of 10-12">Rule of 10-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_11" title="Rule of 11">Rule of 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusinow_leads" title="Rusinow leads">Rusinow leads</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_signal" title="Smith signal">Smith signal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_and_organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and organizations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACBL_Youngest_Life_Master" title="ACBL Youngest Life Master">ACBL Youngest Life Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_people" title="List of contract bridge people">List of contract bridge people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sportspeople_who_competed_for_more_than_one_country#Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sportspeople who competed for more than one country">List of nationality transfers in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Headquarters" title="Bridge Headquarters">Bridge Headquarters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Players by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Australian contract bridge players">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Austrian contract bridge players">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brazilian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Brazilian contract bridge players">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:British contract bridge players">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bulgarian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Bulgarian contract bridge players">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Canadian contract bridge players">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Chinese contract bridge players">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Danish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Danish contract bridge players">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Dutch contract bridge players">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Egyptian contract bridge players">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:English contract bridge players">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fictional_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Fictional contract bridge players">Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:French contract bridge players">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:German contract bridge players">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Hungarian contract bridge players">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Indian contract bridge players">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Irish contract bridge players">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Israeli_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Israeli contract bridge players">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Italian contract bridge players">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mexican_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Mexican contract bridge players">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monegasque_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Monegasque contract bridge players">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:New Zealand contract bridge players">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Norwegian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Norwegian contract bridge players">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistani_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Pakistani contract bridge players">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Polish contract bridge players">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Russian contract bridge players">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swedish_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Swedish contract bridge players">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Swiss contract bridge players">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taiwanese_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:Taiwanese contract bridge players">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_contract_bridge_players" title="Category:American contract bridge players">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_people#People_with_Wikipedia_articles" title="List of contract bridge people">List of bridge people with Wikipedia (English) articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Contract_bridge_administrators" title="Category:Contract bridge administrators">List of bridge administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Contract_bridge_writers" title="Category:Contract bridge writers">List of bridge writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Team_(bridge)" title="Blue Team (bridge)">Blue Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Aces" title="Dallas Aces">Dallas Aces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Aces_(bridge)" title="Four Aces (bridge)">Four Aces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Base_Online" title="Bridge Base Online">Bridge Base Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Club" title="Cavendish Club">Cavendish Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockford%27s_(club)" title="Crockford's (club)">Crockford's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatasaray_Bridge_Team" title="Galatasaray Bridge Team">Galatasaray Bridge Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Bridge_Club" title="Melville Bridge Club">Melville Bridge Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Club_(London)" title="Portland Club (London)">Portland Club (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Club" title="Savoy Club">Savoy Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governing bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Bridge_Association" title="American Bridge Association">American Bridge Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Contract_Bridge_League" title="American Contract Bridge League">American Contract Bridge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Bridge_Federation" title="Austrian Bridge Federation">Austrian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Bridge_Federation" title="Brazilian Bridge Federation">Brazilian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Federation_of_India" title="Bridge Federation of India">Bridge Federation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bridge_League" title="British Bridge League">British Bridge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Bridge_Federation" title="Canadian Bridge Federation">Canadian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bridge_Federation" title="Dutch Bridge Federation">Dutch Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Bridge_Union" title="English Bridge Union">English Bridge Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Bridge_League" title="European Bridge League">European Bridge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Bridge_Federation" title="Hungarian Bridge Federation">Hungarian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mind_Sports_Association" title="International Mind Sports Association">International Mind Sports Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_governing_bodies" title="List of contract bridge governing bodies">List of contract bridge governing bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Bridge_Federation" title="Norwegian Bridge Federation">Norwegian Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Bridge_Federation" title="South African Bridge Federation">South African Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bridge_Federation" title="United States Bridge Federation">United States Bridge Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Federation" title="World Bridge Federation">World Bridge Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Championships" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Championships</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridge_competitions_and_awards" title="List of bridge competitions and awards">List of bridge competitions and awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Bowl" title="Bermuda Bowl">Bermuda Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_at_the_2008_World_Mind_Sports_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games">Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_at_the_2012_World_Mind_Sports_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games">Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Invitational" title="Cavendish Invitational">Cavendish Invitational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Olympiad#Bridge" title="Computer Olympiad">Computer Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McConnell_Cup" title="McConnell Cup">McConnell Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenblum_Cup" title="Rosenblum Cup">Rosenblum Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Bowl_(bridge)" title="Senior Bowl (bridge)">Senior Bowl (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_crown_of_bridge" title="Triple crown of bridge">Triple crown of bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Cup" title="Venice Cup">Venice Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBF_Youth_Award" title="WBF Youth Award">WBF Youth Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Championships" title="World Bridge Championships">World Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_IMP_Pairs_Championship" title="World IMP Pairs Championship">World IMP Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Pairs_Championship" title="World Junior Pairs Championship">World Junior Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Teams_Championship" title="World Junior Teams Championship">World Junior Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mind_Sports_Games" title="World Mind Sports Games">World Mind Sports Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Pairs_Championship" title="World Mixed Pairs Championship">World Mixed Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Teams_Championship" title="World Mixed Teams Championship">World Mixed Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Open_Pairs_Championship" title="World Open Pairs Championship">World Open Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Pairs_Championship" title="World Senior Pairs Championship">World Senior Pairs Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Teams_Championship" title="World Senior Teams Championship">World Senior Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Team_Olympiad" title="World Team Olympiad">World Team Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Transnational_Open_Teams_Championship" title="World Transnational Open Teams Championship">World Transnational Open Teams Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Women_Pairs_Championship" title="World Women Pairs Championship">World Women Pairs Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National and Zonal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffett_Cup" title="Buffett Cup">Buffett Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camrose_Trophy" title="Camrose Trophy">Camrose Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Nations_Bridge_Championships" title="Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships">Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Universities_Bridge_Championships" title="European Universities Bridge Championships">European Universities Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Cup_(bridge)" title="Gold Cup (bridge)">Gold Cup (bridge)</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">North American bridge Championships:</span></span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACBL_King_or_Queen_of_Bridge" title="ACBL King or Queen of Bridge">ACBL King or Queen of Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Kaplan_Blue_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs">Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_LM%E2%80%935000_Pairs" title="Bruce LM–5000 Pairs">Bruce LM–5000 Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mixed_Board-a-Match" title="Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match">Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_National_Open_Pairs" title="Fall National Open Pairs">Fall National Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Open_Pairs" title="Fast Open Pairs">Fast Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishbein_Trophy" title="Fishbein Trophy">Fishbein Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goren_Trophy" title="Goren Trophy">Goren Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Teams" title="Grand National Teams">Grand National Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilliard_Mixed_Pairs" title="Hilliard Mixed Pairs">Hilliard Mixed Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacoby_Open_Swiss_Teams" title="Jacoby Open Swiss Teams">Jacoby Open Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keohane_North_American_Swiss_Teams" title="Keohane North American Swiss Teams">Keohane North American Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebhar_IMP_Pairs" title="Lebhar IMP Pairs">Lebhar IMP Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leventritt_Silver_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs">Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machlin_Women%27s_Swiss_Teams" title="Machlin Women's Swiss Teams">Machlin Women's Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfield_Non-Life_Master_Pairs" title="Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs">Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Cup" title="Marcus Cup">Marcus Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Individual" title="Master Individual">Master Individual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-Blue_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs">Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-Spingold" title="Mini-Spingold">Mini-Spingold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Board-a-Match_Teams" title="Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams">Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mott-Smith_Trophy" title="Mott-Smith Trophy">Mott-Smith Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_Life_Master_Open_Pairs" title="Nail Life Master Open Pairs">Nail Life Master Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_199er_Pairs" title="National 199er Pairs">National 199er Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_49er_Pairs" title="National 49er Pairs">National 49er Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_99er_Pairs" title="National 99er Pairs">National 99er Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Life_Master_Swiss_Teams" title="Non-Life Master Swiss Teams">Non-Life Master Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kay_Platinum_Pairs" title="Norman Kay Platinum Pairs">Norman Kay Platinum Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Bridge_Championships" title="North American Bridge Championships">North American Bridge Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Pairs" title="North American Pairs">North American Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ribbon_Pairs" title="Red Ribbon Pairs">Red Ribbon Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reisinger" title="Reisinger">Reisinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Mixed_Pairs" title="Rockwell Mixed Pairs">Rockwell Mixed Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roth_Open_Swiss_Teams" title="Roth Open Swiss Teams">Roth Open Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Knockout_Teams" title="Senior Knockout Teams">Senior Knockout Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silodor_Open_Pairs" title="Silodor Open Pairs">Silodor Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Life_Master_Women%27s_Pairs" title="Smith Life Master Women's Pairs">Smith Life Master Women's Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingold" title="Spingold">Spingold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternberg_Women%27s_Board-a-Match_Teams" title="Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams">Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truscott_Senior_Swiss_Teams" title="Truscott Senior Swiss Teams">Truscott Senior Swiss Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bridge_Championships_-_Open" title="United States Bridge Championships - Open">United States Bridge Championships - Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Trophy" title="Vanderbilt Trophy">Vanderbilt Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Zedtwitz_Life_Master_Pairs" title="Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs">Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagar_Women%27s_Knockout_Teams" title="Wagar Women's Knockout Teams">Wagar Women's Knockout Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernher_Open_Pairs" title="Wernher Open Pairs">Wernher Open Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehead_Women%27s_Pairs" title="Whitehead Women's Pairs">Whitehead Women's Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_LM%E2%80%931500_Pairs" title="Young LM–1500 Pairs">Young LM–1500 Pairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Publications_and_resources" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Publications and resources</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_books" title="List of contract bridge books">List of contract bridge books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Point_Press" title="Master Point Press">Master Point Press</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Bibliographies:</span></span></b> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Kantar_bibliography" title="Edwin Kantar bibliography">Edwin Kantar bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Kelsey#Publications" title="Hugh Kelsey">Hugh Kelsey bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Reese_bibliography" title="Terence Reese bibliography">Terence Reese bibliography</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Books:</span></span></b> <i><a href="/wiki/25_Bridge_Conventions_You_Should_Know" title="25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know">25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Squeezes_Complete" title="Bridge Squeezes Complete">Bridge Squeezes Complete</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cardturner" title="The Cardturner">The Cardturner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Contract_Bridge_for_Beginners" title="Contract Bridge for Beginners">Contract Bridge for Beginners</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Design_for_Bidding" title="Design for Bidding">Design for Bidding</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Encyclopedia_of_Bridge" title="The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge">The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planning_the_Play_of_a_Bridge_Hand" title="Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand">Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Right_Through_the_Pack" title="Right Through the Pack">Right Through the Pack</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tickets_to_the_Devil" title="Tickets to the Devil">Tickets to the Devil</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contract_bridge_magazines" title="List of contract bridge magazines">List of contract bridge magazines</a></li> <li><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue"><span class="smallcaps">Magazines:</span></span></b> <i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_d%27Italia" title="Bridge d'Italia">Bridge d'Italia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Magazine" title="Bridge Magazine">Bridge Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_World" title="The Bridge World">The Bridge World</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV and Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(BBC_TV)" title="Grand Slam (BBC TV)">Grand Slam (BBC TV)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External links</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Base_Basic" title="Bridge Base Basic">Bridge Base Basic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&oldid=1218115919">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Signal_(bridge)&oldid=1218115919</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Contract_bridge_card_play" title="Category:Contract bridge card play">Contract 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