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style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EУ току је \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B#Гласање_-_именовање_чланка_-_Род_Благојевич_или_Род_Благојевић\" title=\"Разговор:Род Благојевић\"\u003Eгласање о правилном именовању\u003C/a\u003E чланка \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B\" title=\"Род Благојевић\"\u003EРод Благојевић\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; 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href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_2\" title=\"Википедија:Акција писања изабраних спискова 2\"\u003Eдругој акцији писања изабраних спискова\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПридружите се \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_2\" title=\"Википедија:Акција писања чланака о образовним установама 2\"\u003Eдругој акцији писања чланака о образовним установама\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Почетак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Смена_генерација" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Смена_генерација"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Смена генерација</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Смена_генерација-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Галерија" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Галерија"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Галерија</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Галерија-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Референце" 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<div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Садржај" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Садржај" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прикажи/сакриј садржај" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прикажи/сакриј садржај</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Папрати</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Чланак на другим језицима. Доступан на: 100" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 језика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%95" title="ፈርን — амхарски" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፈርን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3" title="سراخس — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سراخس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%DD%A3" title="أفرسيݣ — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أفرسيݣ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3" title="ফাৰ্ণ — асамски" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফাৰ্ণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filicopsida" title="Filicopsida — астуријски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Filicopsida" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астуријски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chach%C4%A9" title="Chachĩ — гварани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chachĩ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гварани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku — индонежански" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tumbuhan paku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонежански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paku_pakis" title="Paku pakis — малајски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paku pakis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paku" title="Paku — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Paku" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%BB%E2%81%BF-kh%C3%AD_si%CC%8Dt-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Iûⁿ-khí si̍t-bu̍t — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iûⁿ-khí si̍t-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pako" title="Pako — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pako" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8" title="ফার্ন — бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফার্ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bujad" title="Bujad — босански" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bujad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden" title="Raden — бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Raden" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falgueres" title="Falgueres — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Falgueres" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pako" title="Pako — себуански" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pako" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filetta_cumuna" title="Filetta cumuna — корзикански" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Filetta cumuna" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корзикански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhedynen" title="Rhedynen — велшки" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhedynen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="велшки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapra%C4%8Forosty" title="Kapraďorosty — чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kapraďorosty" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1iske%C5%A1attut" title="Gáiskešattut — северни сами" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Gáiskešattut" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="северни сами" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farne" title="Farne — немачки" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Farne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B5najalgtaimed" title="Sõnajalgtaimed — естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sõnajalgtaimed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Φτέρη — грчки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φτέρη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грчки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern" title="Fern — енглески" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fern" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="енглески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Верьгизэнь пазава — ерзја" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Верьгизэнь пазава" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ерзја" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filicopsida" title="Filicopsida — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Filicopsida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filiko" title="Filiko — есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iratze" title="Iratze — баскијски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iratze" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B3_(%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87)" title="سرخس (گیاه) — персијски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرخس (گیاه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filicophyta" title="Filicophyta — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Filicophyta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fearplanten" title="Fearplanten — западни фризијски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fearplanten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западни фризијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filicophyta" title="Filicophyta — ирски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Filicophyta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renniagh" title="Renniagh — манкс" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Renniagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="манкс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fento" title="Fento — галицијски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галицијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שרכנים — хебрејски" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שרכנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="хебрејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="फर्न — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फर्न" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filiko" title="Filiko — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Filiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pako" title="Pako — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pako" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Цил — осетински" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цил" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burknar" title="Burknar — исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Burknar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%80%E9%A1%9E" title="シダ類 — јапански" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シダ類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paku_pakis" title="Paku pakis — јавански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paku pakis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="јавански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გვიმრანაირნი — грузијски" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გვიმრანაირნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%9B%D2%9B%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Қырыққұлақтәрізділер — казашки" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қырыққұлақтәрізділер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redenen" title="Redenen — корнволски" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Redenen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнволски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Папоротник — киргиски" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Папоротник" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%B9%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%B1%D0%BB%D3%B9%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Кӹртнилӱлӹшвлӓ — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кӹртнилӱлӹшвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbi_(ngeli_ya_mimea)" title="Jimbi (ngeli ya mimea) — свахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jimbi (ngeli ya mimea)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="свахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A1" title="ಜರೀಗಿಡ — канада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜರೀಗಿಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="канада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%B9%98%EB%A5%98" title="양치류 — корејски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="양치류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouj%C3%A8" title="Foujè — хаићански" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Foujè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаићански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filix" title="Filix — латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Filix" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papar%C5%BEaugi" title="Paparžaugi — летонски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Paparžaugi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="летонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBakau_tengaefuefu" title="ʻakau tengaefuefu — тонгански" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻakau tengaefuefu" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="тонгански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faren" title="Faren — луксембуршки" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Faren" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="луксембуршки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papart%C5%ABnai" title="Papartūnai — литвански" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Papartūnai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaarn" title="Vaarn — лимбуршки" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vaarn" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбуршки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misili" title="Misili — лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Misili" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filis" title="Filis — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Filis" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harasztok" title="Harasztok — мађарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Harasztok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="мађарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Папрат — македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Папрат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="പന്നൽച്ചെടി — малајалам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പന്നൽച്ചെടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малајалам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="उन्यू — непалски" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उन्यू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varens" title="Varens — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Varens" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adderblad" title="Adderblad — нискосаксонски" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Adderblad" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="нискосаксонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9vece" title="Févece — напуљски" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Févece" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="напуљски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="истакнут списак"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bregner" title="Bregner — норвешки букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bregner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвешки букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bregne" title="Bregne — норвешки нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bregne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвешки нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falgui%C3%A8ra" title="Falguièra — окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Falguièra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karroolee" title="Karroolee — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Karroolee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%88%D1%81%D1%8C%D3%A7%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ошсьӧктан — коми-пермски" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ошсьӧктан" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="коми-пермски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprocie" title="Paprocie — пољски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paprocie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="пољски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samambaia" title="Samambaia — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Samambaia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridofite" title="Pteridofite — румунски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pteridofite" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румунски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raki-raki" title="Raki-raki — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Raki-raki" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Папоротники — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Папоротники" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Ферн — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ферн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern" title="Fern — шкотски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fern" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шкотски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="برسيان — синди" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="برسيان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiere" title="Fiere — албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fiere" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern" title="Fern — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fern" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papra%C4%8Forasty_(vr%C3%A1tane_plav%C3%BA%C5%88orastov)" title="Papraďorasty (vrátane plavúňorastov) — словачки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Papraďorasty (vrátane plavúňorastov)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praprotnice" title="Praprotnice — словеначки" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Praprotnice" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словеначки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprati" title="Paprati — српскохрватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Paprati" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="српскохрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutuwuhan_Paku" title="Tutuwuhan Paku — сундски" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tutuwuhan Paku" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saniaiset" title="Saniaiset — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saniaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormbunksv%C3%A4xter" title="Ormbunksväxter — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ormbunksväxter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பன்னம் — тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பன்னம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pako" title="Pako — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pako" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Абагасыманнар — татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Абагасыманнар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99" title="เฟิร์น — тајски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟิร์น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A0nh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_x%E1%BB%89" title="Ngành Dương xỉ — вијетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngành Dương xỉ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вијетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Сарахсҳо — таџички" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сарахсҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таџички" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C4%9Frelti" title="Eğrelti — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eğrelti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96" title="Папороті — украјински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Папороті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украјински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetchire" title="Fetchire — валонски" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fetchire" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pako" title="Pako — варајски" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pako" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%95%A8%E9%A1%9E" title="真蕨類 — кинески" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="真蕨類" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%95%A8%E7%B6%B1" title="真蕨綱 — кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="真蕨綱" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papartis" title="Papartis — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Papartis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80005#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Уреди међујезичке везе" class="wbc-editpage">Уреди везе</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8"><span>Кратки URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8"><span>Преузми QR код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Штампање/извоз </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&action=show-download-screen"><span>Преузми у PDF-у</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Одштампајте ову страницу [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Одштампај</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> На другим пројектима </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ferns" hreflang="en"><span>Остава</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80005" title="Веза ка ставци на спремишту података [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ставка на Википодацима</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Алатке странице"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Изглед"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Изглед</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">помери на страну</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">С Википедије, слободне енциклопедије</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Папрати<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Временски распон: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Касни <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Девон (периода)">Девон</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — Садашњост</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,214,123); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Precambrian">PreЄ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,170,114); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambrian">Є</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,169,138); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(166,223,197); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" class="mw-redirect" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(221,150,81); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(63,174,173); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,88,60); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" class="mw-redirect" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(153,78,150); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" class="mw-redirect" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,187,231); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(111,200,107); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,161,99); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,221,45); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" class="mw-redirect" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:90.470769230769px; width:129.52923076923px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:90.470769230769px; width:129.52923076923px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:91.470769230769px; width:127.52923076923px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Psilotum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Psilotum.jpg/220px-Psilotum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Psilotum.jpg/330px-Psilotum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Psilotum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Таксономија (биологија)">Научна класификација</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:Taxonomy/Polypodiopsida" title="e"><img alt="e" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Red_Pencil_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Царство: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Биљке">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Кладус</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Васкуларне биљке">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Класа: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polypodiopsida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Поткласе<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPteridophyte_Phylogeny_Group2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPteridophyte_Phylogeny_Group2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Постојеће <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equisetidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equisetidae (страница не постоји)">Equisetidae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marattiidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marattiidae (страница не постоји)">Marattiidae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophioglossidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ophioglossidae (страница не постоји)">Ophioglossidae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polypodiidae" title="Polypodiidae">Polypodiidae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Изумрле <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cladoxylopsida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cladoxylopsida (страница не постоји)">Cladoxylopsida</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygopteridales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zygopteridales (страница не постоји)">Zygopteridales</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stauropteridales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stauropteridales (страница не постоји)">Stauropteridales</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhacophytales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhacophytales (страница не постоји)">Rhacophytales</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Синоним (таксономија)">Синоними</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Monilophyta</i></li> <li><i>Polypodiophyta</i></li> <li><i>Filicophyta</i></li> <li><i>Filices</i></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Папрати или папратњаче (раздео Polypodiophyta)</b> припадају једној од најстаријих група <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Више биљке (страница не постоји)">виших биљака</a> са јасно израженом сменом бесполне (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B5" title="Спорозое">спорофит</a>) и полне (<a href="/wiki/Gametofit" title="Gametofit">гаметофит</a>) фазе као и јако крупним листовима (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Макрофилија (страница не постоји)">макрофилија</a>) и одсуством секундарне грађе и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Семе">семена</a>. Спорофитна фаза је изразито доминантна и сложеније грађе у односу на гаметофитну генерацију. Папрати се разликују од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Маховине">маховина</a> по томе што су васкуларне, тј. оне имају специјализована ткива која проводе воду и нутријенте. Оне имају комплексне <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Лист">листове</a> зване мегафили, који су комплекснији од <a href="/w/index.php?title=Microphylls_and_megaphylls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microphylls and megaphylls (страница не постоји)">микрофила</a> присутних код <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lycopodiopsida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycopodiopsida (страница не постоји)">маховина</a>. Већина папрати су <a href="/wiki/Polypodiidae" title="Polypodiidae">лептоспорангијатне</a>, и понекад се називају правим папратима. Оне формирају намотане спиралне завршетке листова.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ова група обухвата око 10,560 познатих постојећих <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Врста (биологија)">врста</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Christenhusz-Byng2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christenhusz-Byng2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Већина папрати расте на тлу, на влажним, сеновитим местима, мада постоји мали број врста које се развијају на лишћу и стабљикама других биљака. Углавном су копнене биљке, али има и папратњача које живе у води. Има их у скоро свим влажним крајевима наше земље. Данас су папратњаче зељасте биљке којих има око 12.000 врста, изузев неколико врста које су дрвенасте као што су тзв. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Папрати дрвеће (страница не постоји)">папрати дрвеће</a> заступљене само у тропским крајевима. Папратњаче (спорофит генерација) су биљке које могу бити високе и до 25 m, а њихово дрвенасто <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Стабло">стабло</a> може имати пречник и до 50 cm. Прави <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Корен">корен</a>, који се развија из коренка клице, брзо престаје са растом, па његову улогу преузимају <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Адвентивни корен">адвентивни коренови</a> који се развијају на подземном стаблу. Стабло код папратњача може имати различит облик и анатомску грађу и најчешће је код зељастих папрати увучено у земљу. Ти <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Ризом">ризоми</a> могу бити кратки, дугачки или задебљали као кртоле. Маса листова димензије папрати, знатно су веће од масе и димензије стабла. Листови могу бити перасто урезани, перасто дељени или цели, а основно је да су јако крупни. На њиховом наличју налазе се <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Спорангије (страница не постоји)">спорангије</a>, обично близу главног нерва. Спорангије су у групама-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Соруси (страница не постоји)">сорусима</a>. Кад сазри, спорангија пуца и из ње испадају споре. Споре папратњача су хаплоидне, као и гаметофит који се развија из њих. </p><p>Папрати се први пут појављују у фосилном запису пре око 360 милиона година у касном <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Девон (периода)">девонском</a> периоду,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> мада се многе садашње породице и врсте нису појавиле до пре око 145 милиона година у раној креди, након што су цветајуће биљке постале доминирале у многим окружења. Папрат <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmunda_claytoniana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osmunda claytoniana (страница не постоји)">Osmunda claytoniana</a></i> је најважнији пример еволуционог застоја; палеонтолошки докази указују да је та врста остала непромењена, чак и на нивоу фосилизованих језгара и хромозома, најмање 180 милиона година.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid24653037_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24653037-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> У <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Карбон (периода)">карбону</a> (периоду, пре око 300 милиона година) оне су заједно са дрвенастим раставићима и другим биљкама са <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Спора">спорама</a> градиле велике влажне шуме, чији <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Фосил">фосилни</a> остаци сада представљају наслаге каменог угља. Фосилни остаци папратњача се налазе и у стенама које су старе неколико стотина милиона година. </p><p>Папрати нису од великог економског значаја, али се неке користе за храну, лекове, као <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biofertilizer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biofertilizer (страница не постоји)">биођубриво</a>, као <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Украсна биљка">украсне биљке</a> и за санирање контаминираног земљишта. Оне су биле предмет истраживања због њихове способности уклањања неких хемијских загађивача из атмосфере. Неке врсте папрати, попут <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Бујад">бујади</a> (<i>Pteridium aquilinum</i>) и водене папрати (<i><a href="/wiki/Azola" title="Azola">Azolla filiculoides</a></i>), су значајан коров широм света. Неки родови папрати, као што је <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azolla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azolla (страница не постоји)">Azolla</a></i>, могу да фиксирају азот и дају значајан допринос у азотној прехрани пиринчаних поља. Оне такође играју одређене улоге у фолклору.<sup id="cite_ref-May_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Смена_генерација"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B3.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Смена генерација</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уредите одељак „Смена генерација”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди извор одељка: Смена генерација"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Dixonia_prothallus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Dixonia_prothallus.jpg/220px-Dixonia_prothallus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Dixonia_prothallus.jpg/330px-Dixonia_prothallus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Dixonia_prothallus.jpg/440px-Dixonia_prothallus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1449" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>проталијум</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg/200px-Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg/300px-Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg/400px-Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>дијаграм смене генерација</figcaption></figure> <p>Папратњаче се могу размножавати вегетативно, помоћу подземних изданака, када старији делови подземног изданка изумру, млади постану самостални и из њих се развијају нове биљке. Ипак, код већине папратњача долази до смене генерација. </p><p>После низа митотичких деоба од <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Зигот">зигота</a> настаје организам чије су све ћелије диплоидне. У одређеном делу живота код таквог организма долази до редукционе деобе, при чему настају хаплоидне споре. Овакав организам ствара и носи споре и припада бесполној, спорофит генерацији. </p><p>Код неких папрати споре су исте (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Изоспоре (страница не постоји)">изоспоре</a>) и из њих се развија двополни гаметофит, док су код других различите (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хетероспоре (страница не постоји)">хетероспоре</a>). Међу хетероспорама разликују се: </p> <ul><li>микроспоре, сићушне споре из којих се развијају мушки гаметофити који носе <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Антеридије (страница не постоји)">антеридије</a></li> <li>мегаспоре, крупне споре из којих настају женски гаметофити са <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Архегонија (страница не постоји)">архегонијама</a>.</li></ul> <p>Из спора се развија хаплоидна генерација организама на којима се образују гаметангије и гамети. Организам ове, полне генерације је гаметофит и он ствара и носи гамете. Гаметофити живе на површини тла и они су зелени, ситни и могу бити срцолики, плочасти, нитасти итд. Гаметофит папратњача се назива <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Проталијум (страница не постоји)">проталијум</a> који је за тло причвршћен великим бројем ризоида (ћелија које су издужене као коренске длаке и које имају исту функцију). Спорангије са спорама се налазе на наличју листа. Споре се налазе у малим округлим црним кесицама. Када су зреле, споре испадају из кесица и ношене ветром доспевају на погодно место за раст. </p><p>За оплођење код папратњача неопходно је присуство слободне воде, како би ситни и покретни сперматозоиди стигли до јајне ћелије која је непокретна. Зигот настаје из оплођене јајне ћелије, а из њега се развија диплоидна клица из које настаје диплоидни спорофит, чиме се циклус понавља. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Галерија"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Галерија</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уредите одељак „Галерија”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди извор одељка: Галерија"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25554621">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25554968">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pteridophyta" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pteridophyta">Папрати</a></span> на <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Главна страна">Викимедијиној остави</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Fern.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blechnum nudum"><img alt="Blechnum nudum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fern.jpg/120px-Fern.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fern.jpg/180px-Fern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fern.jpg/240px-Fern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Blechnum nudum</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Tree_Fern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tree_Fern.jpg/104px-Tree_Fern.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tree_Fern.jpg/156px-Tree_Fern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tree_Fern.jpg/207px-Tree_Fern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Fern02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dicksonia antarctica"><img alt="Dicksonia antarctica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fern02.jpg/120px-Fern02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fern02.jpg/180px-Fern02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fern02.jpg/240px-Fern02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Dicksonia antarctica</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Oaxaca_fern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Oaxaca_fern.jpg/98px-Oaxaca_fern.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Oaxaca_fern.jpg/147px-Oaxaca_fern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Oaxaca_fern.jpg/195px-Oaxaca_fern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="соруси"><img alt="соруси" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg/96px-Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg/145px-Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg/193px-Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1867" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">соруси</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg/120px-Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg/180px-Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg/240px-Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="1470" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Fern_leaves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fern_leaves.jpg/120px-Fern_leaves.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fern_leaves.jpg/180px-Fern_leaves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fern_leaves.jpg/240px-Fern_leaves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3039" data-file-height="2014" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Референце"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B5.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B5"></span>Референце</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Уредите одељак „Референце”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="Уреди извор одељка: Референце"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440201">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wattieza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wattieza (страница не постоји)">Wattieza</a></i>, <cite class="citation journal">Stein, W. E.; Mannolini, F.; Hernick, L. V.; Landling, E.; Berry, C. M. 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J.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Francis_Fay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Francis Fay (страница не постоји)">Fay, Michael</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_W._Byng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James W. Byng (страница не постоји)">Byng, James W.</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DX60DwAAQBAJ"><i>The Global Flora: Special Edition: GLOVAP Nomenclature Part 1</i></a>. Plant Gateway Ltd. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-9929993-6-0" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-0-9929993-6-0">978-0-9929993-6-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.au=Byng%2C+James+W.&rft.au=Fay%2C+Michael&rft.aufirst=Maarten+M.+J.&rft.aulast=Christenhusz&rft.btitle=The+Global+Flora%3A+Special+Edition%3A+GLOVAP+Nomenclature+Part+1&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-9929993-6-0&rft.pub=Plant+Gateway+Ltd.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDX60DwAAQBAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus, Carl</a> (1753). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13830#page/503/mode/1up">„Cryptogamia: Filices Musci”</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/669#/summary"><i>Species Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas</i></a>. <b>1</b>. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. стр. 1061—1100, 1100—1130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=Cryptogamia%3A+Filices+Musci&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.aulast=Linnaeus&rft.btitle=Species+Plantarum%3A+exhibentes+plantas+rite+cognitas%2C+ad+genera+relatas%2C+cum+differentiis+specificis%2C+nominibus+trivialibus%2C+synonymis+selectis%2C+locis+natalibus%2C+secundum+systema+sexuale+digestas&rft.date=1753&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=1061-1100%2C+1100-1130&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Impensis+Laurentii+Salvii&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F13830%23page%2F503%2Fmode%2F1up&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>, <i>see also</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Species_Plantarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Species Plantarum (страница не постоји)">Species Plantarum</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olof_Swartz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olof Swartz (страница не постоји)">Swartz, Olof</a> (1806). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/81948#/summary"><i>Synopsis filicum: earum genera et species systematice complectens: adjectis lycopodineis, et descriptionibus novarum et rariorum specierum: cum tabulis aeneis quinque</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiliae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiliae (страница не постоји)">Kiliae</a>: Impensis Bibliopolii novi academici.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.aufirst=Olof&rft.aulast=Swartz&rft.btitle=Synopsis+filicum%3A+earum+genera+et+species+systematice+complectens%3A+adjectis+lycopodineis%2C+et+descriptionibus+novarum+et+rariorum+specierum%3A+cum+tabulis+aeneis+quinque&rft.date=1806&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Kiliae&rft.pub=Impensis+Bibliopolii+novi+academici&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F81948%23%2Fsummary&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Berry, Chris (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=2633&file=1">„The Middle Devonian plant collections of Francois Stockmans reconsidered.”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geologica_Belgica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geologica Belgica (страница не постоји)">Geologica Belgica</a></i>. <b>12</b> (1–2): 25—30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=The+Middle+Devonian+plant+collections+of+Francois+Stockmans+reconsidered.&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.jtitle=Geologica+Belgica&rft.pages=25-30&rft.volume=12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopups.uliege.be%2F1374-8505%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D2633%26file%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBomfleur_et_al2014" class="citation journal">Bomfleur, B.; McLoughlin, S.; Vajda, V. (20. 3. 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrm.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:719316/FULLTEXT01">„Fossilized Nuclei and Chromosomes Reveal 180 Million Years of Genomic Stasis in Royal Ferns”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(%C4%8Dasopis)" title="Science (časopis)">Science</a></i>. <b>343</b> (6177): 1376—1377. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Sci...343.1376B">2014Sci...343.1376B</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653037">24653037</a>. <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38248823">38248823</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1249884">10.1126/science.1249884</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=Fossilized+Nuclei+and+Chromosomes+Reveal+180+Million+Years+of+Genomic+Stasis+in+Royal+Ferns&rft.au=McLoughlin%2C+S.&rft.au=Vajda%2C+V.&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.aulast=Bomfleur&rft.date=2014-03-20&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6177&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=1376-1377&rft.volume=343&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnrm.diva-portal.org%2Fsmash%2Fget%2Fdiva2%3A719316%2FFULLTEXT01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A38248823&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014Sci...343.1376B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1249884&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24653037&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maarten_Christenhusz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maarten Christenhusz (страница не постоји)">Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_W._Byng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James W. Byng (страница не постоји)">Byng, J. W.</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598">„The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phytotaxa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phytotaxa (страница не постоји)">Phytotaxa</a></i>. Magnolia Press. <b>261</b> (3): 201—217. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fphytotaxa.261.3.1">10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Слободан приступ"><img alt="Слободан приступ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=The+number+of+known+plants+species+in+the+world+and+its+annual+increase&rft.au=Byng%2C+J.+W.&rft.aufirst=Maarten+J.+M.&rft.aulast=Christenhusz&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Phytotaxa&rft.pages=201-217&rft.volume=261&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiotaxa.org%2FPhytotaxa%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2Fphytotaxa.261.3.1%2F20598&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fphytotaxa.261.3.1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Непознати параметар <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|name-list-style=</code> игнорисан (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9B:CS1_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5#parameter_ignored" title="Помоћ:CS1 грешке">помоћ</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maarten_Christenhusz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maarten Christenhusz (страница не постоји)">Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_W._Chase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark W. Chase (страница не постоји)">Chase, Mark W.</a> (1. 6. 2018). „PPG recognises too many fern genera”. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxon_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxon (journal) (страница не постоји)">Taxon</a></i>. <b>67</b> (3): 481—487. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12705%2F673.2">10.12705/673.2</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Слободан приступ"><img alt="Слободан приступ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=PPG+recognises+too+many+fern+genera&rft.au=Chase%2C+Mark+W.&rft.aufirst=Maarten+J.+M.&rft.aulast=Christenhusz&rft.date=2018-06-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.pages=481-487&rft.volume=67&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12705%2F673.2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">May, Lenore Wile (1978). „The economic uses and associated folklore of ferns and fern allies”. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Botanical_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Botanical Review (страница не постоји)">The Botanical Review</a></i>. <b>44</b> (4): 491—528. <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42101599">42101599</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02860848">10.1007/BF02860848</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=The+economic+uses+and+associated+folklore+of+ferns+and+fern+allies&rft.aufirst=Lenore+Wile&rft.aulast=May&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=The+Botanical+Review&rft.pages=491-528&rft.volume=44&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42101599&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02860848&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchuettpelz_et_al2018" class="citation journal">Schuettpelz, Eric; Rouhan, Germinal; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Rothfels, Carl J.; Prado, Jefferson; Sundue, Michael A.; Windham, Michael D.; Moran, Robbin C.; Smith, Alan R. (1. 6. 2018). „Are there too many fern genera?”. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxon_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxon (journal) (страница не постоји)">Taxon</a></i>. <b>67</b> (3): 473—480. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12705%2F673.1">10.12705/673.1</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Слободан приступ"><img alt="Слободан приступ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=Are+there+too+many+fern+genera%3F&rft.au=Moran%2C+Robbin+C.&rft.au=Prado%2C+Jefferson&rft.au=Pryer%2C+Kathleen+M.&rft.au=Rothfels%2C+Carl+J.&rft.au=Rouhan%2C+Germinal&rft.au=Smith%2C+Alan+R.&rft.au=Sundue%2C+Michael+A.&rft.au=Windham%2C+Michael+D.&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.aulast=Schuettpelz&rft.date=2018-06-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.pages=473-480&rft.volume=67&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12705%2F673.1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStein_et_al2007" class="citation journal">Stein, W. E.; Mannolini, F.; Hernick, L. V.; Landling, E.; Berry, C. M. 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Sunset Magazine. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sunset.com/garden/flowers-plants/rediscover-ferns">оригинала</a> 30. 10. 2021. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">22. 11. 2019</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=Rediscover+ferns&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.aulast=McCausland&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Garden+plants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunset.com%2Fgarden%2Fflowers-plants%2Frediscover-ferns&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFUCMP2019" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/plants/pterophyta/pteridofr.html">„Pteridopsida: Fossil Record”</a>. <i>Plants: Pteridopsida</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_California_Museum_of_Paleontology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of California Museum of Paleontology (страница не постоји)">University of California Museum of Paleontology</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">23. 11. 2019</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=Pteridopsida%3A+Fossil+Record&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants%3A+Pteridopsida&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucmp.berkeley.edu%2Fplants%2Fpterophyta%2Fpteridofr.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSLH2018" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1104-classifying-and-identifying-ferns">„Classifying and identifying ferns”</a>. <i>Science Learning Hub</i> (на језику: енглески). <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_University_of_Waikato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The University of Waikato (страница не постоји)">The University of Waikato</a>. 3. 9. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">24. 11. 2019</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=Classifying+and+identifying+ferns&rft.date=2018-09-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Learning+Hub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencelearn.org.nz%2Fresources%2F1104-classifying-and-identifying-ferns&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEB2019" class="citation encyclopaedia">Mickel, John T.; Wagner, Warren H.; Gifford, Ernest M.; et al. 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Приступљено <span class="nowrap">24. 11. 2019</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=Fern&rft.au=Gifford%2C+Ernest+M.&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Warren+H.&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft.aulast=Mickel&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2019-02-04&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplant%2Ffern&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Hassler, Michael; Schmitt, Bernd (2. 11. 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902225743/http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/">„Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World”</a>. <i>World Ferns</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanical_Garden_of_the_Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botanical Garden of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (страница не постоји)">Botanical Garden of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</a>. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/">оригинала</a> 2. 9. 2017. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">25. 11. 2019</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=Checklist+of+Ferns+and+Lycophytes+of+the+World&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+Bernd&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Hassler&rft.date=2019-11-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Ferns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu%2Fferns%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPryer_et_al2006" class="citation web">Pryer, Kathleen M.; Smith, Alan R.; Rothfels, Carl (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/Polypodiopsida/20615">„Polypodiopsida”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Drvo_%C5%BEivota" title="Drvo života">Tree of Life</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=Polypodiopsida&rft.au=Rothfels%2C+Carl&rft.au=Smith%2C+Alan+R.&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+M.&rft.aulast=Pryer&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tree+of+Life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftolweb.org%2FPolypodiopsida%2F20615&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060354/http://www.anbg.gov.au/fern/taxa/classification.html"><i>A classification of the ferns and their allies</i>.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117055319/http://www.jaknouse.athens.oh.us/ferns/bookfern.html"><i>A fern book bibliography</i>.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142839/http://www1.akira.ne.jp/~unzen/pteridophyta.html">Register of fossil Pteridophyta</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://delta-intkey.com/britfe/">Watson, L. and M. J. Dallwitz (2004 onwards). <i>The Ferns (Filicopsida) of the British Isles</i>.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183034/http://delta-intkey.com/britfe/">Архивирано</a> 3 март 2016 на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Спољашње_везе"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.99.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.9A.D0.B5_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B5"></span>Спољашње везе</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Уредите одељак „Спољашње везе”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="Уреди извор одељка: Спољашње везе"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25554621"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25554968"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Викиврсте имају више информација о чланку <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pteridophyta" class="extiw" title="species:Pteridophyta">Папрати</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25554621"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25554968"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pteridophyta" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pteridophyta">Папрати</a></span> на <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Главна страна">Викимедијиној остави</a>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23532679">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ontarioferns.com">Ontario Ferns</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Filicopsida&contgroup=Embryophytes">Tree of Life Web Project: Filicopsida</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114115915/http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Filicopsida&contgroup=Embryophytes">Архивирано</a> на веб-сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (14. јануар 2009)</li> <li>A classification of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060354/http://www.anbg.gov.au/fern/taxa/classification.html">ferns and their allies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117055319/http://www.jaknouse.athens.oh.us/ferns/bookfern.html">A fern book bibliography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142839/http://www1.akira.ne.jp/~unzen/pteridophyta.html">Register of fossil Pteridophyta</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://delta-intkey.com/britfe/">L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (2004 onwards). The Ferns (Filicopsida) of the British Isles.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183034/http://delta-intkey.com/britfe/">Архивирано</a> на веб-сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (3. март 2016)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512162340/http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/pages/non-seed-plants.htm">Non-seed plant images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterboyd.com/pteridomania2.htm">Ferns and Pteridomania in Victorian Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180212135531/http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/pages/non-seed-plants.htm">Non-seed plant images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amerfernsoc.org/">"American Fern Society"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eBPS.org.uk/">"British Pteridological Society"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120312035030/http://www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/~db111/flora/ferns/">Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hear.smugmug.com/Photographers/HLO/HLOferns">Images of ferns of Hawaii</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/plant/fern">Encyclopedia Britaanica: Fern</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25469611">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Идентификатори_таксона" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Идентификатори_таксона" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Taxon identifiers">Идентификатори таксона</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Википодаци">Википодаци</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98522578" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q98522578">Q98522578</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=263732">263732</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrisani_taksonomski_informacioni_sistem" title="Integrisani taksonomski informacioni sistem">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=500003">500003</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25469611"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24365370"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25743416">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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контрола">Нормативна контрола</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80005#identifiers" title="Уреди на Википодацима"><img alt="Уреди на Википодацима" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Међународне</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/923012/">FAST</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Државне</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119383812">Француска</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119383812">BnF подаци</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4016482-2">Немачка</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529000705171">Израел</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85047836">Сједињене Државе</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570885">Јапан</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="kapraďorosty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114870&CON_LNG=ENG">Чешка</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Остале</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="fern"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/plant/fern">Енциклопедија Британика</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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