CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="sv" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Klingonska – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )svwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","mars","april","maj","juni","juli","augusti","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"352fb580-79f2-4506-941a-e24afb256777","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Klingonska","wgTitle":"Klingonska","wgCurRevisionId":55331016,"wgRevisionId":55331016,"wgArticleId":56156,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Alla artiklar som behöver källor","Alla artiklar som behöver enstaka källor","Artiklar som behöver enstaka källor 2021-01","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LCCN","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från GND","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från BNF","Star Trek","Fiktiva språk","Konstgjorda språk","Objekt–verb–subjekt-språk"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sv","wgPageContentLanguage":"sv","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Klingonska","wgRelevantArticleId":56156,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sv","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sv"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q10134","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.babel":"ready","ext.gadget.geo":"ready","ext.gadget.warnings":"ready","ext.gadget.tags":"ready","ext.gadget.error":"ready","ext.gadget.referenser":"ready","ext.gadget.printonly":"ready","ext.gadget.tables":"ready","ext.gadget.toccolours":"ready","ext.gadget.smallTagFontSize":"ready","ext.gadget.videoPlayButton":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.editsection0","ext.gadget.ProtectionIndicators","ext.gadget.GeoboxLocatorMulti","ext.gadget.InterwikiBadges","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.NewSection","ext.gadget.ExkluderaRobotskapadeSidor","ext.gadget.Nearby","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.cgiircbox","ext.gadget.withJS","ext.gadget.CommonsFileLinks","ext.gadget.tableSorterCollation","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=ext.gadget.babel%2Cerror%2Cgeo%2Cprintonly%2Creferenser%2CsmallTagFontSize%2Ctables%2Ctags%2Ctoccolours%2CvideoPlayButton%2Cwarnings&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Klingonska – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingonska"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Redigera" href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (sv)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sv.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingonska"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-flöde" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Klingonska rootpage-Klingonska skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hoppa till innehållet</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Huvudmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Huvudmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Huvudmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakta Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sv.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:S%C3%B6k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Sök i svenskspråkiga Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Sök</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Sök på Wikipedia" aria-label="Sök på Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Sök i svenskspråkiga Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Sök"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Sök</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personliga verktyg"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Klingonska" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Klingonska" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Klingonska" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Klingonska" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beskrivning_av_språket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beskrivning_av_språket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Beskrivning av språket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beskrivning_av_språket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grammatik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammatik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Grammatik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammatik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fonologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fonologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Substantiv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Substantiv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Substantiv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Substantiv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Augmentiv/diminutiv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Augmentiv/diminutiv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Augmentiv/diminutiv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Augmentiv/diminutiv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Plural</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genitiv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genitiv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Genitiv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genitiv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Verb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subjekts-_och_objektsprefix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subjekts-_och_objektsprefix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Subjekts- och objektsprefix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subjekts-_och_objektsprefix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suffix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Suffix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skriftspråk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skriftspråk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Skriftspråk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skriftspråk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Böcker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Böcker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Böcker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Böcker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källhänvisningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källhänvisningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Källhänvisningar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källhänvisningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Klingonska</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 73 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_taal" title="Klingon taal – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klingon taal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغة كلينغونية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة كلينغونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_klingon" title="Idioma klingon – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma klingon" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon" title="Klingon – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Klingon" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinqon_dili" title="Klinqon dili – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Klinqon dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Клінганская мова – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клінганская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Клингонски език – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клингонски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingonische_Sproch" title="Klingonische Sproch – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Klingonische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingoneg" title="Klingoneg – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Klingoneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%ADngon_(idioma)" title="Klíngon (idioma) – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Klíngon (idioma)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon" title="Klingon – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Klingon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon%C5%A1tina" title="Klingonština – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klingonština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tllingoneg" title="Tllingoneg – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tllingoneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_(sprog)" title="Klingon (sprog) – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Klingon (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingonische_Sprache" title="Klingonische Sprache – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Klingonische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingoni_keel" title="Klingoni keel – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Klingoni keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Γλώσσα Κλίνγκον – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα Κλίνγκον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_language" title="Klingon language – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Klingon language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_klingon" title="Idioma klingon – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma klingon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingona_lingvo" title="Klingona lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klingona lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_hizkuntza" title="Klingon hizkuntza – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klingon hizkuntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زبان کلینگان – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان کلینگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_(langue)" title="Klingon (langue) – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Klingon (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tliong%C3%A1inis" title="Tliongáinis – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tliongáinis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_klingon" title="Lingua klingon – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua klingon" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%A7%81%EC%98%A8%EC%96%B4" title="클링온어 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="클링온어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingonski_jezik" title="Klingonski jezik – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klingonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon-linguo" title="Klingon-linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Klingon-linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Klingon" title="Bahasa Klingon – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Klingon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_klingon" title="Lingua klingon – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua klingon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_klingon" title="Lingua klingon – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua klingon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="קלינגונית – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קלינגונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="კლინგონური ენა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კლინგონური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Клиңон тілі – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Клиңон тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Клингон кыв – kome" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Клингон кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="kome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_kl%C3%AEngon%C3%AE" title="Zimanê klîngonî – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê klîngonî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87" title="ພາສາກລິງກອງ – laotiska" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາກລິງກອງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Clingon" title="Lingua Clingon – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Clingon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingo%C5%86u_valoda" title="Klingoņu valoda – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klingoņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_(taol)" title="Klingon (taol) – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Klingon (taol)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_(lingua)" title="Klingon (lingua) – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Klingon (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bangrklingo" title="bangrklingo – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bangrklingo" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_nyelv" title="Klingon nyelv – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Klingon nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ക്ലിംഗോൺ ഭാഷ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്ലിംഗോൺ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Klingon" title="Bahasa Klingon – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Klingon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ကလင်ဂွန်ဘာသာစကား – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကလင်ဂွန်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_(taal)" title="Klingon (taal) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klingon (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_(sproak)" title="Klingon (sproak) – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Klingon (sproak)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="クリンゴン語 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリンゴン語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon" title="Klingon – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klingon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon" title="Klingon – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Klingon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon" title="Klingon – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Klingon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingoonsche_Spraak" title="Klingoonsche Spraak – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Klingoonsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_klingo%C5%84ski" title="Język klingoński – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język klingoński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_klingon" title="Língua klingon – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua klingon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_klingonian%C4%83" title="Limba klingoniană – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba klingoniană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Клингонский язык – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клингонский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_language" title="Klingon language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Klingon language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Klingonščina – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Klingonščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Клингонски језик – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Клингонски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingonski_jezik" title="Klingonski jezik – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klingonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingonin_kieli" title="Klingonin kieli – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Klingonin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Klingon" title="Wikang Klingon – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Klingon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาคลิงงอน – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาคลิงงอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_dili" title="Klingon dili – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Klingon dili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Клінгонська мова – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клінгонська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کلینگون زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کلینگون زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Klingon" title="Tiếng Klingon – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Klingon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon" title="Klingon – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Klingon" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="克林贡语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="克林贡语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9" title="קלינגאניש – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קלינגאניש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E5%B4%97%E6%96%87" title="克林崗文 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="克林崗文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E8%B2%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="克林貢語 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克林貢語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10134#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Klingonska" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Klingonska" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Klingonska"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Klingonska"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Klingonska" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Klingonska" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&oldid=55331016" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Klingonska&id=55331016&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKlingonska"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKlingonska"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Klingonska"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Klingonska&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Klingon_language" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10134" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Klingonska</b> (på klingonska <i>tlhIngan Hol</i> och på <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a> <i>Klingon</i>, <i>Klingonese</i> eller <i>the Klingon Language</i>) är ett <a href="/wiki/Konstgjorda_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstgjorda språk">konstgjort språk</a>, konstruerat av Dr. <a href="/wiki/Marc_Okrand" title="Marc Okrand">Marc Okrand</a> för den tredje <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a>-filmen, <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_III" title="Star Trek III">Star Trek III</a> (<a href="/wiki/Film%C3%A5ret_1984" title="Filmåret 1984">1984</a>). Språket talas i filmen av den utomjordiska krigarrasen <a href="/wiki/Klingon" title="Klingon">klingonerna</a> (därav språkets namn). </p><p>År 1998 räknade man med att klingonska talades av över tusen personer i 30 länder och entusiasterna brukar tala om "Galaxens snabbast växande språk". I juli 2004 uppskattades ett 30-tal personer tala flytande klingonska.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det klingonska språket har <a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-koden <i>tlh</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historik">Historik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klingonska var från början tänkt att vara ett slags rekvisitaspråk, men <a href="/wiki/Marc_Okrand" title="Marc Okrand">Marc Okrand</a> konstruerade ett ändamålsenligt <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k" title="Språk">språk</a> med runt 1000 ord. Efter filmen beslöt man att ge ut The Klingon Dictonary (<a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>) som en del av <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trekmemoribilian</a>. </p><p>År <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> bildades <i>Klingonska Språkinstitutet (The <a href="/wiki/Klingon_Language_Institute" title="Klingon Language Institute">Klingon Language Institute</a></i>, eller <i>KLI)</i>, ursprungligen som ett hobbyprojekt av en då arbetslös Lawrence Schoen. Intresset visade sig dock större än vad som ursprungligen anats, och idag är KLI en förening med över tusen medlemmar. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marc_Okrand" title="Marc Okrand">Okrand</a> är fortfarande aktiv i språkets utveckling och tusentals personer har studerat klingonska i någon mån, men man räknar bara med att 20 till 30 personer talar det utomjordiska språket flytande. I dag är språket mer utvecklat än det var <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> och går att använda som i princip vilket annat språk som helst. Det saknas visserligen ordförråd för många utpräglat nutida jordiska saker, men även dessa går att tala om genom att beskriva föremålet i stället för att använda egennamn. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> har <a href="/wiki/Copyright" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright">copyright</a> till the Klingon Dictonary och andra <a href="/wiki/Kanoniska" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanoniska">kanoniska</a> beskrivningar av språket och hävdar äganderätt till språket. The Klingon Language Institute har en licens att använda språket. Många menar att det inte går att hävda äganderätt till ett språk, men frågan har än så länge inte prövats juridiskt.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beskrivning_av_språket"><span id="Beskrivning_av_spr.C3.A5ket"></span>Beskrivning av språket</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Beskrivning av språket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Beskrivning av språket"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klingonska är ett språk som talas med kraft och man slösar inte tid på småprat eller artighetsfraser.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Man uttalar sitt ärende och sedan är man tyst. Hälsningsfraser existerar heller inte. </p><p>Språket är medvetet skapat för att låta <i>utomjordiskt</i>. Sålunda innehåller det ljudkombinationer som inte existerar tillsammans i något jordiskt språk. Vissa regler för mänskliga språk bryts också, till exempel innehåller ofta språk som har ett ljud för <i>v</i> också ljudet <i>f</i>. Men inte klingonska som saknar <i>f</i>-ljud. Ljuden <i>d</i> och <i>t</i> följs vanligen åt. Antingen uttalas båda <a href="/wiki/Dental_konsonant" title="Dental konsonant">dentalt</a> <i>eller</i> <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_konsonant" title="Retroflex konsonant">retroflext</a>. I klingonska är <i>d</i> retroflext och <i>t</i> dentalt i sina standardformer. <a href="/wiki/Grundordf%C3%B6ljd" title="Grundordföljd">Ordföljden</a> i klingonska är <a href="/wiki/Objekt_(satsdel)" title="Objekt (satsdel)">objekt</a>–<a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a>–<a href="/wiki/Subjekt_(grammatik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subjekt (grammatik)">subjekt</a> (till exempel <i>mat äter hunden</i> där hunden är subjekt) vilket är ganska ovanligt. Bara cirka en procent av alla mänskliga språk har denna ordföljd, som är bakvänd mot den vanligaste ordföljden som återfinns i bland annat svenska och engelska (<i>hunden äter mat</i>). </p><p>Med klingonska menar man oftast <i>tlhIngan Hol</i>, det vill säga det språk som Okrand skapade, men det finns ett annat klingonskt språk som författaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Ford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John M. Ford [inte skriven än]">John M. Ford</a> skapade för en Star Trek-roman som oftast refereras till som <a href="/wiki/Klingonaase" title="Klingonaase">klingonaase</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatik">Grammatik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Grammatik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Grammatik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klingonskan är ett <a href="/wiki/Agglutinerande_spr%C3%A5k" title="Agglutinerande språk">agglutinerande</a> OVS-språk (Objekt-Verb-Subjekt) som innehåller <a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">prefix</a> och <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologi">Fonologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Fonologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Fonologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bokstav </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Internationella_fonetiska_alfabetet" title="Internationella fonetiska alfabetet">IFA</a> </th> <th>Ljud </th> <th>Bokstav </th> <th>IFA </th> <th>Ljud </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>a</b> </td> <td>/ɑ/ </td> <td>som f<b>a</b>r </td> <td><b>o</b> </td> <td>/o/ </td> <td>som <b>å</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>b</b> </td> <td>/b/ </td> <td>som <b>b</b>ar </td> <td><b>p</b> </td> <td>/pʰ/ </td> <td>som i <b>p</b>ass </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>ch</b> </td> <td>/ʧ/ </td> <td>som i engelskans <b>ch</b>ess </td> <td><b>q</b> </td> <td>/q/ </td> <td>ungefär som "k" men med tungan förflyttad längre bak </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>D</b> </td> <td>/ɖ/ (/ɳ/) </td> <td>som o<b>rd</b> i rikssvenska; även som hö<b>rn</b> förekommer </td> <td><b>Q</b> </td> <td>/q͡χ/ </td> <td>som <b>q</b> + <b>H</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>e</b> </td> <td>/ɛ/ </td> <td>som i h<b>ä</b>st </td> <td><b>r</b> </td> <td>/r/ (/ɾ/, /ɹ/) </td> <td>som i <b>r</b>öd, spanska <i><b>r</b>ojo</i> eller engelska <i><b>r</b>ed</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>gh</b> </td> <td>/ɣ/ </td> <td>tonad variant av /x/ </td> <td><b>S</b> </td> <td>/ʂ/ </td> <td>som fo<b>rs</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>H</b> </td> <td>/x/ </td> <td>som tyskans Ba<b>ch</b> </td> <td><b>t</b> </td> <td>/tʰ/ </td> <td>som i <b>t</b>al </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>I</b> </td> <td>/ɪ/ </td> <td>som i s<b>i</b>tta </td> <td><b>tlh</b> </td> <td>/t͡ɬ/ </td> <td>som <b>t</b> + <i>tonlöst l</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>j</b> </td> <td>/ʤ/ </td> <td>som engelska <b>j</b>ump </td> <td><b>u</b> </td> <td>/u/ </td> <td>som b<b>o</b>k </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>l</b> </td> <td>/l/ </td> <td>som i <b>l</b>and </td> <td><b>v</b> </td> <td>/v/ </td> <td>som i <b>v</b>alv </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>m</b> </td> <td>/m/ </td> <td>som i <b>m</b>usik </td> <td><b>w</b> </td> <td>/w/ </td> <td>som i engelskans <b>w</b>alker </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>n</b> </td> <td>/n/ </td> <td>som <b>n</b>os </td> <td><b>y</b> </td> <td>/j/ </td> <td>som <b>j</b>a </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>ng</b> </td> <td>/ŋ/ </td> <td>som i stä<b>ng</b>a, uttalas utan g-ljud. </td> <td>' </td> <td>/ʔ/ </td> <td>som första ljudet i ord som börjar på vokal, till exempel <i>Erik</i> ['ʔeːrik] </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Substantiv">Substantiv</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Substantiv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Substantiv"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Substantiven på klingonska följs av suffix. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Augmentiv/diminutiv"><span id="Augmentiv.2Fdiminutiv"></span>Augmentiv/diminutiv</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Augmentiv/diminutiv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Augmentiv/diminutiv"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En del ord kan få andra betydelser om man lägger till följande suffix. </p> <ul><li><i>juH</i> hem (Grundform)</li></ul> <ul><li>Suffixet <i>-'a'</i> förstorar substantivet: <ul><li><i>juH'a'</i> herrgård</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Suffixet <i>-Hom</i> förminskar substantivet: <ul><li><i>juHHom</i> stuga</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plural">Plural</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Plural" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Plural"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Varelser som talar ett språk får ändelsen <i>pu'</i> i plural: </p> <ul><li><i>tera'nganpu'</i> jordbor</li> <li><i>vulqanganpu'</i> vulkaner</li> <li><i>verenganpu'</i> ferengier</li> <li><i>juppu'</i> vänner</li></ul> <p>Kroppsdelar får ändelsen <i>Du'</i> i plural: </p> <ul><li><i>Ho'Du'</i> tänder</li> <li><i>ghopDu'</i> händer</li> <li><i>nItlhDu'</i> fingrar</li></ul> <p>Alla andra substantiv får ändelsen <i>-mey</i> i plural: </p> <ul><li><i>Sajmey</i> husdjur</li> <li><i>navmey</i> papper</li> <li><i>mu'mey</i> ord</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Genitiv">Genitiv</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Genitiv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Genitiv"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Suffix på substantiv markerar genitiv (i de fall två suffix angivits nedan används det första för saker som har kapacitet till språk): </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Possessivt_pronomen" title="Possessivt pronomen">Possessiva pronomen</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Suffix</th> <th>Betydelse </th></tr> <tr> <td>-wI'/-wIj</td> <td>min </td></tr> <tr> <td>-lI'/-lIj</td> <td>din </td></tr> <tr> <td>-Daj</td> <td>hans/hennes/dess </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ma'/-maj</td> <td>vår </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ra'/-raj</td> <td>er </td></tr> <tr> <td>-chaj</td> <td>deras </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verb">Verb</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Verb" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Verb"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>muS</i> "att hata"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subjekts-_och_objektsprefix">Subjekts- och objektsprefix</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Subjekts- och objektsprefix" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Subjekts- och objektsprefix"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verb föregås av ett prefix som indikerar både subjekt och objekt enligt person och (för första person) numerus: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Personliga pronomen </th></tr> <tr> <th>Prefix</th> <th>Subjekt</th> <th>Objekt </th></tr> <tr> <td>jI-</td> <td>jag</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>bI-</td> <td>du/ni</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>ma-</td> <td>vi</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>qa-</td> <td>jag</td> <td>dig/er </td></tr> <tr> <td>cho-</td> <td>du/ni</td> <td>mig </td></tr> <tr> <td>vI-</td> <td>jag</td> <td>honom/henne/den/det </td></tr> <tr> <td>Da-</td> <td>du/ni</td> <td>honom/henne/den/det </td></tr> <tr> <td>mu-</td> <td>han/hon/den/det</td> <td>mig </td></tr> <tr> <td>Du-</td> <td>han/hon/den/det</td> <td>dig </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i><b>jI</b>muS</i>: "jag hatar"</li> <li><i><b>cho</b>muS</i>: "du hatar mig"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suffix">Suffix</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Suffix" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Suffix"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>-be'</i> gör verbet negativt: <i>muS<b>be'</b></i> "hatar inte".</li> <li><i>-Ha'</i> ger verbet motsatt betydelse: <i>mumuS<b>Ha'</b></i> "han/hon/det gillar mig".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skriftspråk"><span id="Skriftspr.C3.A5k"></span>Skriftspråk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Skriftspråk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Skriftspråk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kli_piqad.GIF" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kli_piqad.GIF/250px-Kli_piqad.GIF" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kli_piqad.GIF/375px-Kli_piqad.GIF 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kli_piqad.GIF/500px-Kli_piqad.GIF 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>KLI:s pIqaD</figcaption></figure> <p>Klingonska skrivs i praktiken oftast med latinska alfabetet, varvid versaler och gemener används för olika tecken, de är inte varianter av samma tecken som i de flesta språk. Det finns även ett unikt helt annorlunda alfabet, som baseras på vad som förekom i TV-serien. I <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Klingon_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Klingon Dictionary [inte skriven än]">The Klingon Dictionary</a> nämns klingonernas skriftspråk som <i>pIqaD</i>, men ingen närmare beskrivning ges. </p><p>Många klingonister använder emellertid den <i>pIqaD</i> som The Klingon Language Institute har anammat och som har sitt ursprung i de tecken som används i TV-serien. Språkets skapare Marc Okrand har också accepterat denna <i>pIqaD</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wahlgren_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wahlgren-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanon">Kanon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kanon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kanon"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kanon_(religion)" title="Kanon (religion)">Kanon</a> är ett viktigt koncept för klingonskan. Endast ord och grammatik som härrör från <a href="/wiki/Marc_Okrand" title="Marc Okrand">Marc Okrand</a> anses vara riktigt kanonisk klingonska. The Klingon Language Institute har listat alla källor till språket som anses kanoniska.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bland klingonisterna är det en tvistefråga i vilken grad neologismer och slang får användas i talad och skriven klingonska.<sup id="cite_ref-Wahlgren_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wahlgren-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Böcker"><span id="B.C3.B6cker"></span>Böcker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Böcker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Böcker"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Böcker som har getts ut helt på klingonska av <a href="/wiki/Klingon_Language_Institute" title="Klingon Language Institute">Klingon Language Institute</a> är: <a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilgamesheposet" title="Gilgamesheposet">Gilgamesheposet</a> och <a href="/wiki/Mycket_v%C3%A4sen_f%C3%B6r_ingenting" title="Mycket väsen för ingenting">Mycket väsen för ingenting</a>. Det stora översättningsprojektet är för övrigt <a href="/wiki/Bibeln" title="Bibeln">Bibeln</a>.<sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">[<span title="Denna uppgift behöver källa (2021-01)"><i>källa behövs</i></span>]</a></sup> </p><p>Exempel på böcker och annat utgivet material: </p> <dl><dt>Marc Okrand, <i>The Klingon Dictionary</i> (förkortat <i>TKD</i>), Simon & Schuster 1985</dt> <dd>Denna bok betraktas som ett standardverk. Den kom i en andra expanderad upplaga 1992 (nytt vitt omslag istället för det äldre blå, allt nytt material är tillagt i slutet på boken i form av ett addendum och en extra ordlista, då man ville spara in på kostnaden genom att återanvända tryckplåtarna från 1:a upplagan). <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-671-74559-X" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-671-74559-X">ISBN 0-671-74559-X</a> (2:a upplagan).<br /><i>The Klingon Dictionary</i> finns översatt till <a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska">tyska</a>, brasiliansk <a href="/wiki/Portugisiska" title="Portugisiska">portugisiska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Italienska" title="Italienska">italienska</a>.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Marc Okrand, <i>The Klingon Way</i> (förkortat <i>TKW</i>), Simon & Schuster 1996</dt> <dd>Detta är en bok med klingonska talesätt och kommentarer därtill. Den ger en lite djupare inblick i klingonskt tankesätt och kultur. Den är numera ur tryck. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-671-53755-5" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-671-53755-5">ISBN 0-671-53755-5</a>.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Mark Okrand, <i>Klingon for the Galactic Traveller</i> (förkortat <i>KGT</i>), Simon & Schuster 1997</dt> <dd>Innehåller information om specifika ämnen, såsom vapenterminologi och kulinarisk terminologi, samt kapitel med ytterligare info om vanliga uttalsproblem, dialekter, och så vidare. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-671-00995-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-671-00995-8">ISBN 0-671-00995-8</a>.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Marc Okrand & Michael Dorn <i>Conversational Klingon</i> (förkortat <i>CK</i>), Simon & Schuster Audio 1992</dt> <dd>En introduktion till språket på kassett. Kassett <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-671-85316-3" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-671-85316-3">ISBN 0-671-85316-3</a>.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Marc Okrand, Barry Levine & Michael Dorn <i>Power Klingon</i> (förkortat <i>PK</i>), Simon & Schuster Audio 1993</dt> <dd>En fortsättning på <i>Conversational Klingon</i>. Kassett <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-671-85319-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-671-85319-8">ISBN 0-671-85319-8</a>, CD <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-671-85667-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-671-85667-7">ISBN 0-671-85667-7</a>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källhänvisningar"><span id="K.C3.A4llh.C3.A4nvisningar"></span>Källhänvisningar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källhänvisningar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källhänvisningar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFJalal_Lalouni2004">Jalal Lalouni (18 juli 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dn.se/arkiv/kultur/klingonska-far-hogskolestatus/">”Klingonska får högskolestatus”</a> (på svenska). <i>Dagens nyheter</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dn.se/arkiv/kultur/klingonska-far-hogskolestatus/">http://www.dn.se/arkiv/kultur/klingonska-far-hogskolestatus/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 9 juli 2004</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Klingonska+f%C3%A5r+h%C3%B6gskolestatus&rft.jtitle=Dagens+nyheter&rft.aulast=Jalal+Lalouni&rft.au=Jalal+Lalouni&rft.date=18+juli+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dn.se%2Farkiv%2Fkultur%2Fklingonska-far-hogskolestatus%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Klingonska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/ISO639-3/codes.asp?order=lang_type&letter=c">ISO 639-3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010224611/http://www.sil.org/ISO639-3/codes.asp?order=lang_type&letter=c">Arkiverad</a> 10 oktober 2012 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFErnest_Miller2004">Ernest Miller (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012114611/http://importance.corante.com/archives/002300.html">”Klingon is Copyrighted”</a>. <i><span>The Importance of...</span></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://importance.corante.com/archives/002300.html">originalet</a> den 12 oktober 2008<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012114611/http://importance.corante.com/archives/002300.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20081012114611/http://importance.corante.com/archives/002300.html</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Klingon+is+Copyrighted&rft.atitle=The+Importance+of...&rft.aulast=Ernest+Miller&rft.au=Ernest+Miller&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20081012114611%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fimportance.corante.com%2Farchives%2F002300.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Klingonska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFMårten_Wallendahl2014">Mårten Wallendahl (10 oktober 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/artikel/2014/10/10/sa-fick-utomjordingarna-ett-sprak">”Så fick utomjordingarna ett språk”</a> (på svenska). <i>Yle</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/artikel/2014/10/10/sa-fick-utomjordingarna-ett-sprak">https://svenska.yle.fi/artikel/2014/10/10/sa-fick-utomjordingarna-ett-sprak</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 9 juli 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=S%C3%A5+fick+utomjordingarna+ett+spr%C3%A5k&rft.jtitle=Yle&rft.aulast=M%C3%A5rten+Wallendahl&rft.au=M%C3%A5rten+Wallendahl&rft.date=10+oktober+2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvenska.yle.fi%2Fartikel%2F2014%2F10%2F10%2Fsa-fick-utomjordingarna-ett-sprak&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Klingonska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wahlgren-5">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Wahlgren_5-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wahlgren_5-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Yens_Wahlgren" title="Yens Wahlgren">Yens Wahlgren</a> (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angelfire.com/trek/yensw/PDF/thesis.pdf">Klingon as Linguistic Capital</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kli.org/wiki/index.php?canonical%20sources">KLI Wiki, <i>Canon sources</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070316010101/http://www.kli.org/wiki/index.php?canonical%20sources">Arkiverad</a> 16 mars 2007 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&action=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klingonska.org">Klingonska Akademien</a> - Finns i Uppsala</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1643/n1643.htm">Förslag på kodning i Klingonska i Plan 1 av ISO/IEC 10646-2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kli.org/">Klingon Language Institute</a> Läst 9 november 2022.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040629054735/http://www.geocities.com/judith_hh/scripdef.htm">Klingon and its users - a sociolinguistic profile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angelfire.com/trek/yensw">Klingon as Linguistic Capital</a> C-uppsats av <a href="/wiki/Yens_Wahlgren" title="Yens Wahlgren">Yens Wahlgren</a>, Lunds universitet</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/intl/xx-klingon/">Sökmotorn Google </a> inställd på klingonska med det latinska alfabetet.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Konstgjorda_spr%C3%A5k" title="Mall:Konstgjorda språk"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Konstgjorda_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Konstgjort_spr%C3%A5k" title="Konstgjort språk">Konstgjorda språk</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Internationellt_hj%C3%A4lpspr%C3%A5k" title="Internationellt hjälpspråk">Internationella hjälpspråk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Basic_English" title="Basic English">Basic English</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Bliss" title="Bliss">Bliss</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Communicationssprache" title="Communicationssprache">Communicationssprache</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Idiom_neutral" title="Idiom neutral">Idiom neutral</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Interlingue" title="Interlingue">Interlingue</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Latino_sine_flexione" title="Latino sine flexione">Latino sine flexione</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Franca_Nova" title="Lingua Franca Nova">Lingua Franca Nova</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mondial" title="Mondial">Mondial</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Novial" title="Novial">Novial</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Volap%C3%BCk" title="Volapük">Volapük</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Zonalt_planspr%C3%A5k" title="Zonalt planspråk">Zonala planspråk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Budinos" title="Budinos">Budinos</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Folkspraak" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkspraak">Folkspraak</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Interslaviska" title="Interslaviska">Interslaviska</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Slovio" title="Slovio">Slovio</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Tutonish" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutonish">Tutonish</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Dialektbaserade standardspråk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nynorska" title="Nynorska">Nynorska</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4toromanska" title="Rätoromanska">Rumantsch Grischun</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofiskt_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofiskt språk [inte skriven än]">Filosofiska</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logiskt_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logiskt språk [inte skriven än]">logiska</a> och <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Experimentellt_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Experimentellt språk [inte skriven än]">experimentella språk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ithkuil" title="Ithkuil">Ithkuil</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Loglan" title="Loglan">Loglan</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Lojban" title="Lojban">Lojban</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Solresol" title="Solresol">Solresol</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Toki_pona" title="Toki pona">Toki pona</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Universalspr%C3%A5ket" title="Universalspråket">Universalspråket</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedagogiskt_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedagogiskt språk [inte skriven än]">Pedagogiska språk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bliss" title="Bliss">Bliss</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Iconji" title="Iconji">Iconji</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Tecknad_svenska" title="Tecknad svenska">Tecknad svenska</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Exklusiva särspråk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Balaibalan" title="Balaibalan">Balaibalan</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Damin" title="Damin">Damin</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Knoparmoj" title="Knoparmoj">Knoparmoj</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Artistiskt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Artistiskt språk">Artistiska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Fiktivt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Fiktivt språk">fiktiva språk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Atlantiska" title="Atlantiska">Atlantiska</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Goldogrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldogrin">Goldogrin</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Khuzdul" title="Khuzdul">Khuzdul</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Klingonaase" title="Klingonaase">Klingonaase</a> <b>•</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Klingonska</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Ling_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Ling (språk)">Ling</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mandalorianska" title="Mandalorianska">Mandalorianska</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Nadsat" title="Nadsat">Nadsat</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Na%27vi_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Na'vi (språk)">Na'vi</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Nyspr%C3%A5k" title="Nyspråk">Nyspråk</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Svartspr%C3%A5k" title="Svartspråk">Svartspråk</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Syldaviska" title="Syldaviska">Syldaviska</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Toki_pona" title="Toki pona">Toki pona</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Vendergood" title="Vendergood">Vendergood</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Kodspr%C3%A5k" title="Kodspråk">Kod-</a> och <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A4mtspr%C3%A5k" title="Skämtspråk">skämtspråk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Allspr%C3%A5ket" title="Allspråket">Allspråket</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Fikonspr%C3%A5ket" title="Fikonspråket">Fikonspråket</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Gibsonkod" title="Gibsonkod">Gibsonkod</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Pig_Latin" title="Pig Latin">Pig Latin</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6varspr%C3%A5ket" title="Rövarspråket">Rövarspråket</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Transpiranto" title="Transpiranto">Transpiranto</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Verlan" title="Verlan">Verlan</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europanto [inte skriven än]">Europanto</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Star_Trek" title="Mall:Star Trek"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Star_Trek&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">TV-serier</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">The Original Series</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_avsnitt_av_Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Lista över avsnitt av Star Trek: The Original Series">Avsnitt</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Animated_Series" title="Star Trek: The Animated Series">The Animated Series</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">The Next Generation</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_avsnitt_av_Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Lista över avsnitt av Star Trek: The Next Generation">Avsnitt</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine" title="Star Trek: Deep Space Nine">Deep Space Nine</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_avsnitt_av_Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine" title="Lista över avsnitt av Star Trek: Deep Space Nine">Avsnitt</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Voyager" title="Star Trek: Voyager">Voyager</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_avsnitt_av_Star_Trek:_Voyager" title="Lista över avsnitt av Star Trek: Voyager">Avsnitt</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Enterprise" title="Star Trek: Enterprise">Enterprise</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_avsnitt_av_Star_Trek:_Enterprise" title="Lista över avsnitt av Star Trek: Enterprise">Avsnitt</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery" title="Star Trek: Discovery">Discovery</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_avsnitt_av_Star_Trek:_Discovery" title="Lista över avsnitt av Star Trek: Discovery">Avsnitt</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Picard" title="Star Trek: Picard">Picard</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_%C3%B6ver_avsnitt_av_Star_Trek:_Picard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista över avsnitt av Star Trek: Picard [inte skriven än]">Avsnitt</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Lower_Decks" title="Star Trek: Lower Decks">Lower Decks</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Strange_New_Worlds" title="Star Trek: Strange New Worlds">Strange New Worlds</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Filmer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Originalserien</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_(film,_1979)" title="Star Trek (film, 1979)">The Motion Picture</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_II_%E2%80%93_Khans_vrede" title="Star Trek II – Khans vrede">II: Khans vrede</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_III" title="Star Trek III">III: Search for Spock</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_IV_%E2%80%93_Resan_hem" title="Star Trek IV – Resan hem">IV: Resan hem</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_V_-_Den_yttersta_gr%C3%A4nsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Trek V - Den yttersta gränsen">V: Den yttersta gränsen</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_VI_%E2%80%93_The_Undiscovered_Country" title="Star Trek VI – The Undiscovered Country">VI: Undiscovered Country</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Next Generation</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_Generations" title="Star Trek Generations">Generations</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_First_Contact" title="Star Trek: First Contact">First Contact</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Insurrection" title="Star Trek: Insurrection">Insurrection</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Nemesis" title="Star Trek: Nemesis">Nemesis</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Reboot-serien</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_(film,_2009)" title="Star Trek (film, 2009)">Star Trek</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_Into_Darkness" title="Star Trek Into Darkness">Into Darkness</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_Beyond" title="Star Trek Beyond">Star Trek Beyond</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Övriga media</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Dokumentärfilmer (<i><a href="/wiki/Trekkies" title="Trekkies">Trekkies</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Trekkies_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Trekkies 2">Trekkies 2</a></i>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Fiktiva element</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_rollfigurer_i_Star_Trek" title="Lista över rollfigurer i Star Trek">Rollfigurer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Cardassier" title="Cardassier">Cardassier</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Galaktiska_kvadranter" title="Galaktiska kvadranter">Galaktiska kvadranter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Prim%C3%A4rdirektivet" title="Primärdirektivet">Primärdirektivet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_utomjordiska_raser_i_Star_Trek" title="Lista över utomjordiska raser i Star Trek">Utomjordiska raser</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renade_planeters_federation" title="Förenade planeters federation">Förenade planeters federation</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Klingon" title="Klingon">Klingon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Klingonska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%A4rndatum" title="Stjärndatum">Stjärndatum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rymdfarkoster_i_Star_Trek" title="Kategori:Rymdfarkoster i Star Trek">Rymdfarkoster</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%A4rnflottan" title="Stjärnflottan">Stjärnflottan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rymdskeppet_Enterprise" title="Rymdskeppet Enterprise">USS <i>Enterprise</i></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Defiant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USS Defiant [inte skriven än]">USS <i>Defiant</i></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Voyager" title="USS Voyager">USS Voyager</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Nine" title="Deep Space Nine">Deep Space Nine</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_%C3%B6ver_vapen_i_Star_Trek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista över vapen i Star Trek [inte skriven än]">Vapen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek)" title="Q (Star Trek)">Q</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(Star_Trek)" title="Vulcan (Star Trek)">Vulcan</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><b><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategori"><img alt="Kategori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Star_Trek" title="Kategori:Star Trek">Kategori</a></b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <b><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekt_Star_Trek" title="Wikipedia:Projekt Star Trek">WikiProjekt</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh93002529">sh93002529</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4530535-3">4530535-3</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17867156b">cb17867156b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17867156b">(data)</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Tjeckiska_nationalbiblioteket" title="Tjeckiska nationalbiblioteket">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph499650&CON_LNG=ENG">ph499650</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&oldid=55331016">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&oldid=55331016</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Star_Trek" title="Kategori:Star Trek">Star Trek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Fiktiva_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Fiktiva språk">Fiktiva språk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Konstgjorda_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Konstgjorda språk">Konstgjorda språk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Objekt%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93subjekt-spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Objekt–verb–subjekt-språk">Objekt–verb–subjekt-språk</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Dolda kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alla_artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_k%C3%A4llor" title="Kategori:Alla artiklar som behöver källor">Alla artiklar som behöver källor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alla_artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_enstaka_k%C3%A4llor" title="Kategori:Alla artiklar som behöver enstaka källor">Alla artiklar som behöver enstaka källor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_enstaka_k%C3%A4llor_2021-01" title="Kategori:Artiklar som behöver enstaka källor 2021-01">Artiklar som behöver enstaka källor 2021-01</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_LCCN" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LCCN">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_GND" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från GND">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_BNF" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från BNF">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från BNF</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 18 juli 2024 kl. 06.49.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. För bilder, se respektive bildsida (klicka på bilden). Se vidare <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upphovsr%C3%A4tt" title="Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt">Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt</a> och <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">användarvillkor</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Wikimedias integritetspolicy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Allm%C3%A4nt_f%C3%B6rbeh%C3%A5ll">Förbehåll</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Uppförandekod</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utvecklare</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sv.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Information om kakor</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sv.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klingonska&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvy</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-cbdpm","wgBackendResponseTime":204,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.213","walltime":"0.282","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4280,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":60769,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":39441,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":12613,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 197.026 1 -total"," 26.75% 52.705 3 Mall:Navbox"," 22.99% 45.297 3 Mall:Citation/core"," 22.56% 44.458 2 Mall:Tidningsref"," 22.32% 43.983 1 Mall:Auktoritetsdata"," 20.90% 41.169 2 Mall:Cite_news"," 19.56% 38.534 1 Mall:Konstgjorda_språk"," 9.43% 18.575 6 Mall:ISBN"," 9.25% 18.233 1 Mall:Webbref"," 9.05% 17.839 1 Mall:Star_Trek"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.035","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1300754,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-6696b4cc84-m9vj6","timestamp":"20241122174104","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Klingonska","url":"https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klingonska","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10134","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10134","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsgivare till Wikimedia-projekten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-07-06T22:37:24Z","dateModified":"2024-07-18T05:49:54Z","headline":"konstgjort spr\u00e5k skapat f\u00f6r Star Trek"}</script> </body> </html>