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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syarat-syarat_ilmu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syarat-syarat_ilmu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Syarat-syarat ilmu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syarat-syarat_ilmu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemodelan,_teori,_dan_hukum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemodelan,_teori,_dan_hukum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pemodelan, teori, dan hukum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemodelan,_teori,_dan_hukum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matematika_dan_metode_ilmiah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matematika_dan_metode_ilmiah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Matematika dan metode ilmiah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matematika_dan_metode_ilmiah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sudut_pandang_filsafat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sudut_pandang_filsafat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sudut pandang filsafat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sudut_pandang_filsafat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sudut_pandang_mazhab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sudut_pandang_mazhab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sudut pandang mazhab</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sudut_pandang_mazhab-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sudut pandang mazhab</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sudut_pandang_mazhab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mazhab_Asy'ariyah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mazhab_Asy'ariyah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Mazhab Asy'ariyah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mazhab_Asy'ariyah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bidang-bidang_keilmuan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bidang-bidang_keilmuan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bidang-bidang keilmuan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bidang-bidang_keilmuan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Bidang-bidang keilmuan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bidang-bidang_keilmuan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ilmu_alam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ilmu_alam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Ilmu alam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ilmu_alam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ilmu_sosial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ilmu_sosial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Ilmu sosial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ilmu_sosial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ilmu_terapan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ilmu_terapan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Ilmu terapan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ilmu_terapan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dampak_karya_dari_penelitian_ilmiah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dampak_karya_dari_penelitian_ilmiah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Dampak karya dari penelitian ilmiah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dampak_karya_dari_penelitian_ilmiah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tema_terkait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tema_terkait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tema terkait</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tema_terkait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ilmu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 241 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-241" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">241 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetenskap" title="Wetenskap – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wetenskap" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft" title="Wissenschaft – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wissenschaft" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5" title="ሳይንስ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሳይንስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencia" title="Ciencia – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ciencia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witancr%C3%A6ft" title="Witancræft – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Witancræft" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="विज्ञान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="علم – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B5" title="صيونص – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="صيونص" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="علم – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="বিজ্ঞান – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencia" title="Ciencia – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciencia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83" title="ГӀелму – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀелму" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opa" title="Opa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Opa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatxatawi" title="Yatxatawi – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Yatxatawi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elm" title="Elm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="علم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="علم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Фән – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фән" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissnschoft" title="Wissnschoft – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wissnschoft" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muokslos" title="Muokslos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Muokslos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyensya" title="Siyensya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Siyensya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Навука – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Навука" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Навука – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Навука" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наука – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Наука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saens" title="Saens – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Saens" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ilmu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="သိပ္ပံ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သိပ္ပံ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94nniya" title="Dɔnniya – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dɔnniya" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="বিজ্ঞান – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="ཚན་རིག – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཚན་རིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiant" title="Skiant – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skiant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka" title="Nauka – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nauka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmu" title="Elmu – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Elmu" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%94" title="ᨔᨕᨗᨊᨔ – Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨔᨕᨗᨊᨔ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эрдэм ухаан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эрдэм ухаан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ncia" title="Ciència – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C5%8F-h%C5%8Fk" title="Kuŏ-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kuŏ-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ӏилма – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏилма" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamdag" title="Alamdag – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alamdag" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%A5_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%8E%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%94%E1%8F%85" title="ᏂᎦᎥ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏂᎦᎥ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="زانست – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0lim" title="İlim – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İlim" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%9Bda" title="Věda – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Věda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%99czba" title="Ùczba – Kashubia" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ùczba" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%82%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Ăслăх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ăслăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyddoniaeth" title="Gwyddoniaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwyddoniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videnskab" title="Videnskab – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Videnskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabibi" title="Tabibi – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Tabibi" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wissenschaft" title="Wissenschaft – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wissenschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zan%C4%B1%C5%9Fiye" title="Zanışiye – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zanışiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains" title="Sains – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Sains" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7" title="Επιστήμη – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επιστήμη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science" title="Science – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Science" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienco" title="Scienco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Scienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencia" title="Ciencia – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teadus" title="Teadus – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Teadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zientzia" title="Zientzia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zientzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9ncia" title="Céncia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Céncia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="علم – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiede" title="Tiede – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiid%C3%BCs" title="Tiidüs – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tiidüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakadidike" title="Vakadidike – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vakadidike" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science" title="Science – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Science" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science" title="Science – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Science" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedenskap" title="Wedenskap – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wedenskap" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sience" title="Sience – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Sience" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittenskip" title="Wittenskip – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wittenskip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eola%C3%ADocht" title="Eolaíocht – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="科學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syans" title="Syans – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Syans" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saidheans" title="Saidheans – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Saidheans" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencia" title="Ciencia – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ciencia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembikuaaty" title="Tembikuaaty – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tembikuaaty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="विज्ञान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9E%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="વિજ્ઞાન – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિજ્ઞાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siensiiaka" title="Siensiiaka – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Siensiiaka" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaylleeaght" title="Oaylleeaght – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Oaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B4-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Khô-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Khô-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akeakamai" title="Akeakamai – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Akeakamai" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2" title="מדע – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="विज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigyan" title="Vigyan – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vigyan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znanost" title="Znanost – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Znanost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syans" title="Syans – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Syans" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudom%C3%A1ny" title="Tudomány – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tudomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գիտություն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գիտութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գիտութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientia" title="Scientia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Scientia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains" title="Sains – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Sains" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientie" title="Scientie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Scientie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amamihe" title="Amamihe – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Amamihe" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siensia" title="Siensia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Siensia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ӏилма – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ӏилма" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cienco" title="Cienco – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cienco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADsindi" title="Vísindi – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vísindi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienza" title="Scienza – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scienza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="科学 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="科学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayans" title="Sayans – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Sayans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/saske" title="saske – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="saske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lmu" title="Èlmu – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Èlmu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მეცნიერება – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეცნიერება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilim" title="Ilim – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ilim" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tussna" title="Tussna – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tussna" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%9B%C9%A3t%CA%8B" title="Lɛɣtʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɛɣtʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayen" title="Sayen – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Sayen" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizabu" title="Kizabu – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kizabu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Ғылым – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ғылым" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A" title="វិទ្យាសាស្ត្រ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វិទ្យាសាស្ត្រ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science" title="Science – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Science" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="과학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Илму – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Илму" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%8E%D8%B3" title="ساینَس – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ساینَس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanist" title="Zanist – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zanist" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godhonieth" title="Godhonieth – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Godhonieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Илим – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Илим" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientia_(ratio)" title="Scientia (ratio) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scientia (ratio)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensia" title="Sensia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sensia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%ABssenschaft" title="Wëssenschaft – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wëssenschaft" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Илим – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Илим" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siensa" title="Siensa – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Siensa" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weitesjap" title="Weitesjap – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Weitesjap" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciensa" title="Sciensa – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Sciensa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci%C3%ABnza" title="Sciënza – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Sciënza" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienza" title="Sienza – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sienza" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ວິທະຍາສາດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວິທະຍາສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokslas" title="Mokslas – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mokslas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zin%C4%81tne" title="Zinātne – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zinātne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="विज्ञान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ilmu" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Тонадома – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Тонадома" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siansa" title="Siansa – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Siansa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Шанче – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шанче" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%ABtaiao" title="Pūtaiao – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pūtaiao" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilimu" title="Ilimu – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ilimu" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наука – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Наука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Шинжлэх ухаан – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шинжлэх ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1-%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ-ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ-ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="သိပ္ပံ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သိပ္ပံ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="विज्ञान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains" title="Sains – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sains" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xjenza" title="Xjenza – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Xjenza" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A9ncia" title="Ciéncia – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ciéncia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="သိပ္ပံပညာ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သိပ္ပံပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Тона – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Тона" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlamatiliztli" title="Tlamatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlamatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetenschop" title="Wetenschop – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wetenschop" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetenschop" title="Wetenschop – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Wetenschop" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="विज्ञान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="दुसिका – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दुसिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetenschap" title="Wetenschap – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wetenschap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitskap" title="Vitskap – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vitskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitenskap" title="Vitenskap – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vitenskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sientie" title="Sientie – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Sientie" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9F%DF%90%DF%B2%DF%9E%DF%8F" title="ߟߐ߲ߞߏ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߟߐ߲ߞߏ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienche" title="Scienche – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Scienche" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutamahlale" title="Thutamahlale – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Thutamahlale" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sciéncia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saayinsii" title="Saayinsii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Saayinsii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Зонад – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зонад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siensia" title="Siensia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Siensia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienches" title="Scienches – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Scienches" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science" title="Science – Pidgin Nigeria" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Science" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Pidgin Nigeria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka" title="Nauka – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nauka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siensa" title="Siensa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Siensa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3" title="سائنس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سائنس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="پوهنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncia" title="Ciência – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ciência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamut%27ay" title="Hamut'ay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hamut'ay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienza" title="Scienza – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Scienza" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Știință – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Știință" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9B%C3%A2" title="Științâ – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Științâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наука – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Наука" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наука – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Наука" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="विज्ञानम् – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विज्ञानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%85" title="Үөрэх – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Үөрэх" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isci%C3%A8ntzia" title="Iscièntzia – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Iscièntzia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienza" title="Scienza – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scienza" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science" title="Science – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Science" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3" title="سائنس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سائنس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka" title="Nauka – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nauka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamassant" title="Tamassant – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tamassant" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="නවීන විද්‍යාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නවීන විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science" title="Science – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Science" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3" title="سائنس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="سائنس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znanost" title="Znanost – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Znanost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saienisi" title="Saienisi – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Saienisi" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainzi" title="Sainzi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Sainzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqoonmaal_(Saynis)" title="Aqoonmaal (Saynis) – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Aqoonmaal (Saynis)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkenca" title="Shkenca – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkenca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наука – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Наука" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoro" title="Skoro – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Skoro" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isayensi" title="Isayensi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Isayensi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayense" title="Sayense – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Sayense" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lmu" title="Élmu – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Élmu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetenskap" title="Vetenskap – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vetenskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayansi" title="Sayansi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sayansi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="அறிவியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அறிவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9E%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="విజ్ఞానశాస్త్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విజ్ఞానశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Илм – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Илм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="วิทยาศาสตร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิทยาศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ylym" title="Ylym – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ylym" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agham" title="Agham – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Agham" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elm" title="Elm – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Elm" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saienisi" title="Saienisi – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Saienisi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilim" title="Bilim – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bilim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayensi" title="Sayensi – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Sayensi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Фән – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фән" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasanthulo" title="Kasanthulo – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kasanthulo" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyansahufo%C9%94" title="Nyansahufoɔ – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nyansahufoɔ" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наука – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Наука" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наука – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наука" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3" title="سائنس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سائنس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan" title="Fan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saintsi" title="Saintsi – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Saintsi" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siensa" title="Siensa – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Siensa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedo" title="Tedo – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tedo" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Khoa học – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khoa học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weetnschap" title="Weetnschap – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Weetnschap" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolav" title="Nolav – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nolav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syince" title="Syince – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Syince" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syensya" title="Syensya – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Syensya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xam-xam" title="Xam-xam – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xam-xam" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="科学 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzululwazi" title="Inzululwazi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Inzululwazi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მენცარობა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მენცარობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="וויסנשאפט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וויסנשאפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1y%E1%BA%B9%CC%81ns%C3%AC" title="Sáyẹ́nsì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sáyẹ́nsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gohyoz" title="Gohyoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gohyoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%C3%AAtenschap" title="Weêtenschap – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Weêtenschap" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="科学 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%87%B4" title="格致 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="格致" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kho-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Kho-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kho-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzululwazi" title="Inzululwazi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inzululwazi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q336#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel ini bukan mengenai <a href="/wiki/Pengetahuan" title="Pengetahuan">Pengetahuan</a>.</div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Electric_field_lines_demonstration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Electric_field_lines_demonstration.jpg/250px-Electric_field_lines_demonstration.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Electric_field_lines_demonstration.jpg/500px-Electric_field_lines_demonstration.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Demonstrasi garis-garis <a href="/wiki/Medan_listrik" title="Medan listrik">medan listrik</a> yang dihasilkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Generator_Van_de_Graaff" title="Generator Van de Graaff">Generator Van de Graaff</a>. Demonstrasi ini merupakan contoh demonstrasi ilmu pengetahuan di bidang <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">Fisika</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Estudiante_INTEC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Estudiante_INTEC.jpg/250px-Estudiante_INTEC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Estudiante_INTEC.jpg/330px-Estudiante_INTEC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Estudiante_INTEC.jpg/500px-Estudiante_INTEC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah percobaan demi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ilmu</b> atau <b>ilmu pengetahuan</b> (disebut juga <b>sains</b>; <a href="/wiki/Kata_serapan_dalam_bahasa_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kata serapan dalam bahasa Indonesia">serapan</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>: <span lang="la"><i>scientia</i></span>) adalah suatu usaha sistematis dengan <a href="/wiki/Metode_ilmiah" title="Metode ilmiah">metode ilmiah</a> dalam pengembangan dan penataan <a href="/wiki/Pengetahuan" title="Pengetahuan">pengetahuan</a> yang dibuktikan dengan penjelasan dan prediksi yang teruji sebagai pemahaman manusia tentang <a href="/wiki/Alam_semesta" title="Alam semesta">alam semesta</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia">dunianya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EOWilson1999a_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOWilson1999a-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heilbron_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heilbron-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Segi-segi ini dibatasi agar dihasilkan rumusan-rumusan pasti. Ilmu memberikan kepastian dengan membatasi lingkup pandangannya, dan kepastian ilmu diperoleh dari keterbatasannya.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ilmu bukan sekadar <a href="/wiki/Pengetahuan" title="Pengetahuan">pengetahuan</a> (<i>knowledge</i>), tetapi merangkum sekumpulan pengetahuan berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Teori" title="Teori">teori-teori</a> yang disepakati dan dapat secara sistematik diuji dengan seperangkat <a href="/wiki/Metode" class="mw-disambig" title="Metode">metode</a> yang diakui dalam bidang ilmu tertentu. Dipandang dari sudut filsafat, ilmu terbentuk karena manusia berusaha berpikir lebih jauh mengenai pengetahuan yang dimilikinya. Ilmu pengetahuan adalah produk dari <a href="/wiki/Epistemologi" title="Epistemologi">epistemologi</a>, dengan kata lain ilmu terbentuk dari 3 cabang filsafat yakni <a href="/wiki/Ontologi" title="Ontologi">ontologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epistemologi" title="Epistemologi">epistemologi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Aksiologi" title="Aksiologi">aksiologi</a>, jika ketiga cabang itu terpenuhi berarti sah dan diakui sebagai sebuah ilmu. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_alam" title="Ilmu alam">Ilmu alam</a> bisa menjadi suatu kepastian setelah lapangannya dibatasi ke dalam hal yang bahani (material saja), atau <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_psikologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu psikologi">ilmu psikologi</a> hanya bisa meramalkan perilaku manusia jika lingkup pandangannya dibatasi ke dalam segi umum dari perilaku manusia yang konkret. Berkenaan dengan contoh ini, ilmu-ilmu alam menjawab pertanyaan tentang berapa jarak matahari dan bumi, atau ilmu psikologi menjawab apakah seorang pemudi cocok menjadi perawat. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Etimologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Etimologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:1e6m_comparison_Mars_Mercury_Moon_Pluto_Haumea_-_no_transparency.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1e6m_comparison_Mars_Mercury_Moon_Pluto_Haumea_-_no_transparency.png/220px-1e6m_comparison_Mars_Mercury_Moon_Pluto_Haumea_-_no_transparency.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1e6m_comparison_Mars_Mercury_Moon_Pluto_Haumea_-_no_transparency.png/330px-1e6m_comparison_Mars_Mercury_Moon_Pluto_Haumea_-_no_transparency.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1e6m_comparison_Mars_Mercury_Moon_Pluto_Haumea_-_no_transparency.png/440px-1e6m_comparison_Mars_Mercury_Moon_Pluto_Haumea_-_no_transparency.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Ilmu alam: <a href="/wiki/Planet_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet Mars">Planet Mars</a> (kiri), Planet Merkuri (kanan), <a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">Bulan</a> (bawah kiri), <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> (bawah tengah), dan Haumea (bawah kanan), perbandingan skala menggunakan diameter Sirius B.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kata ilmu dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: <span lang="ar">علم</span> ("<i>ilm</i>")<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang berarti memahami, mengerti, atau mengetahui. Dalam kaitan penyerapan katanya, ilmu pengetahuan dapat berarti memahami suatu pengetahuan, dan ilmu sosial dapat berarti mengetahui masalah-masalah sosial, dan sebagainya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syarat-syarat_ilmu">Syarat-syarat ilmu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Syarat-syarat ilmu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Syarat-syarat ilmu"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berbeda dengan <a href="/wiki/Pengetahuan" title="Pengetahuan">pengetahuan</a>, ilmu merupakan pengetahuan khusus tentang apa penyebab sesuatu dan mengapa. Ada persyaratan <a href="/wiki/Ilmiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmiah">ilmiah</a> sesuatu dapat disebut sebagai ilmu.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sifat ilmiah sebagai persyaratan ilmu banyak terpengaruh paradigma ilmu-ilmu alam yang telah ada lebih dahulu. </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Objektivitas_(ilmu)" title="Objektivitas (ilmu)">Objektif</a>. Ilmu harus memiliki objek kajian yang terdiri dari satu golongan masalah yang sama sifat hakikatnya, tampak dari luar maupun bentuknya dari dalam. Objeknya dapat bersifat ada, atau mungkin ada karena masih harus diuji keberadaannya. Dalam mengkaji objek, yang dicari adalah kebenaran, yakni persesuaian antara tahu dengan objek, sehingga disebut kebenaran objektif; bukan subjektif berdasarkan subjek peneliti atau subjek penunjang penelitian.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metodis" class="mw-disambig" title="Metodis">Metodis</a> adalah upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk meminimalisasi kemungkinan terjadinya penyimpangan dalam mencari kebenaran. Konsekuensinya, harus ada cara tertentu untuk menjamin kepastian kebenaran. Metodis berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a> “Metodos” yang berarti: cara, jalan. Secara umum metodis berarti metode tertentu yang digunakan dan umumnya merujuk pada metode ilmiah.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistematis" title="Sistematis">Sistematis</a>. Dalam perjalanannya mencoba mengetahui dan menjelaskan suatu objek, ilmu harus terurai dan terumuskan dalam hubungan yang teratur dan logis sehingga membentuk suatu sistem yang berarti secara utuh, menyeluruh, terpadu, dan mampu menjelaskan rangkaian sebab akibat menyangkut objeknya. Pengetahuan yang tersusun secara sistematis dalam rangkaian sebab akibat merupakan syarat ilmu yang ketiga.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal" title="Universal">Universal</a>. Kebenaran yang hendak dicapai adalah kebenaran universal yang bersifat umum (tidak bersifat tertentu). Contoh: semua segitiga bersudut 180º. Karenanya universal merupakan syarat ilmu yang keempat. Belakangan ilmu-ilmu sosial menyadari kadar ke-umum-an (universal) yang dikandungnya berbeda dengan ilmu-ilmu alam mengingat objeknya adalah tindakan manusia. Karena itu untuk mencapai tingkat universalitas dalam ilmu-ilmu sosial, harus tersedia konteks dan tertentu pula.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pemodelan,_teori,_dan_hukum"><span id="Pemodelan.2C_teori.2C_dan_hukum"></span>Pemodelan, teori, dan hukum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pemodelan, teori, dan hukum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemodelan, teori, dan hukum"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Metode_ilmiah" title="Metode ilmiah">Metode ilmiah</a></div> <p>Istilah "<a href="/wiki/Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Model">model</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Hipotesis" title="Hipotesis">hipotesis</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Teori" title="Teori">teori</a>", dan "<a href="/wiki/Hukum_(ilmiah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukum (ilmiah)">hukum</a>" mengandung arti yang berbeda dalam keilmuan dari pemahaman umum. Para ilmuwan menggunakan istilah <i>model</i> untuk menjelaskan sesuatu, secara khusus yang bisa digunakan untuk membuat dugaan yang bisa diuji dengan melakukan percobaan/eksperimen atau <a href="/wiki/Observasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Observasi">pengamatan</a>. </p><p>Suatu <i>hipotesis</i> adalah dugaan-dugaan yang belum didukung atau dibuktikan oleh percobaan, dan <i>hukum fisika</i> atau <i>hukum alam</i> adalah generalisasi ilmiah berdasarkan pengamatan <a href="/wiki/Empiris" class="mw-redirect" title="Empiris">empiris</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matematika_dan_metode_ilmiah">Matematika dan metode ilmiah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Matematika dan metode ilmiah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Matematika dan metode ilmiah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">Matematika</a> sangat penting bagi keilmuan, terutama dalam peran yang dimainkannya dalam mengekspresikan <i>model</i> ilmiah. Mengamati dan mengumpulkan hasil-hasil pengukuran, sebagaimana membuat hipotesis dan dugaan, pasti membutuhkan model dan eksploitasi matematis. Cabang matematika yang sering dipakai dalam keilmuan diantaranya <a href="/wiki/Kalkulus" title="Kalkulus">kalkulus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Statistika" title="Statistika">statistika</a>, meskipun sebenarnya semua cabang matematika mempunyai penerapannya, bahkan bidang "murni" seperti <a href="/wiki/Teori_bilangan" title="Teori bilangan">teori bilangan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Topologi" title="Topologi">topologi</a>. </p><p>Beberapa orang pemikir memandang matematikawan sebagai ilmuwan, dengan anggapan bahwa pembuktian-pembuktian matematis setara dengan percobaan. Sebagian lainnya tidak menganggap matematika sebagai ilmu, sebab tidak memerlukan uji-uji eksperimental pada teori dan <a href="/wiki/Hipotesis" title="Hipotesis">hipotesisnya</a>. Namun, dibalik kedua anggapan itu, kenyataan pentingnya matematika sebagai alat yang sangat berguna untuk menggambarkan/menjelaskan alam semesta telah menjadi isu utama bagi <a href="/wiki/Filsafat_matematika" title="Filsafat matematika">filsafat matematika</a>. </p><p>Lihat <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Unreasonable_Effectiveness_of_Mathematics_in_the_Natural_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences (halaman belum tersedia)">The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a> berkata, "Matematika itu tidak nyata, tapi <i>terasa</i> nyata. Di manakah tempatnya berada?", sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> sangat senang mendefinisikan matematika sebagai "subjek yang kita tidak pernah tahu apa yang sedang kita bicarakan, dan kita tidak tahu pula kebenarannya". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sudut_pandang_filsafat">Sudut pandang filsafat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Sudut pandang filsafat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sudut pandang filsafat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam filsafat, ilmu termasuk jenis <a href="/wiki/Aksiden" title="Aksiden">aksiden</a> dalam kategori relasi. </p><p>Dalam ilmu, terdapat subjek yang mengetahui dan objek yang diketahui. Relasi antara kedua hal tersebut disebut sebagai ilmu. Pandangan ini didukung oleh <a href="/wiki/Fakhruddin_Ar-Razi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakhruddin Ar-Razi">Fakhruddin Ar-Razi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021104-105_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021104-105-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pendapat yang berbeda diberikan oleh para filsuf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatetik (halaman belum tersedia)">peripatetik</a>. Mereka meyakini bahwa ilmu bukanlah sebuah relasi. </p><p>Pendapat mereka mengenai ilmu adalah sebuah gambaran yang diketahui melalui penalaran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021105_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021105-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sudut_pandang_mazhab">Sudut pandang mazhab</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Sudut pandang mazhab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sudut pandang mazhab"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mazhab_Asy'ariyah"><span id="Mazhab_Asy.27ariyah"></span>Mazhab Asy'ariyah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Mazhab Asy'ariyah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mazhab Asy'ariyah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mazhab Asy'ariyah mengartikan ilmu sebagai sebuah sifat yang ada di dalam zat yang berkaitan dengan sesuatu yang diketahui. Definisi yang mewakili mazhab ini diberikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abdul_Aziz_Al-Qadhi_Al-Jurjani" title="Ali bin Abdul Aziz Al-Qadhi Al-Jurjani">Ali bin Abdul Aziz Al-Qadhi Al-Jurjani</a>. Ia mengartikan ilmu sebagai sifat yang memperjelas sesuatu yang diketahui bagi sosok yang memiliki sifat tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021105_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021105-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Asy%27ari" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Asy'ari">Abu al-Hasan al-Asy'ari</a> yang merupakan tokoh utama dalam mazhab Asy'ariyah mengartikan ilmu sebagai sesuatu yang membuat sosok yang mengetahui dapat mengetahui apa yang ia ketahui.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021105-106_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021105-106-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bidang-bidang_keilmuan">Bidang-bidang keilmuan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Bidang-bidang keilmuan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bidang-bidang keilmuan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ilmu_alam">Ilmu alam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Ilmu alam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ilmu alam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="background:transparent;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td style="width:15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">Fisika</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akustik" class="mw-disambig" title="Akustik">Akustik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodinamika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrodinamika (halaman belum tersedia)">Astrodinamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika">Astrofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">Astronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">Biofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_atomik,_molekul,_dan_optik" title="Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik">Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_bahan_padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika bahan padat (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika bahan padat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_komputasi" title="Fisika komputasi">Fisika komputasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinamika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinamika (halaman belum tersedia)">Dinamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinamika_fluida" title="Dinamika fluida">Dinamika fluida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinamika_kendaraan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinamika kendaraan (halaman belum tersedia)">Dinamika kendaraan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_bahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika bahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika bahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_matematis" title="Fisika matematis">Fisika matematis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_nuklir" title="Fisika nuklir">Fisika nuklir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel">Fisika partikel</a> (atau <a href="/wiki/Fisika_energi_tinggi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika energi tinggi">fisika energi tinggi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_plasma" title="Fisika plasma">Fisika plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_polimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika polimer (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika polimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriogenik" title="Kriogenik">Kriogenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika" title="Mekanika">Mekanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optik" class="mw-redirect" title="Optik">Optik</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:3.25em;"> </td> <td style="width:15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">Biologi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi">Anatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antropologi_biologis" title="Antropologi biologis">Antropologi biologis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">Astrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">Biofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika">Bioinformatika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_air_tawar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi air tawar (halaman belum tersedia)">Biologi air tawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel">Biologi sel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_struktur" title="Biologi struktur">Biologi struktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekul" class="mw-redirect" title="Biologi molekul">Biologi molekul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_pertumbuhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi pertumbuhan (halaman belum tersedia)">Biologi pertumbuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_pertumbuhan_evolusioner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi pertumbuhan evolusioner (halaman belum tersedia)">Biologi pertumbuhan evolusioner</a> ("Evo-devo" atau evolusi pertumbuhan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_laut" class="mw-redirect" title="Biologi laut">Biologi laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botani" title="Botani">Botani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entomologi" title="Entomologi">Entomologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiologi" title="Epidemiologi">Epidemiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi">Evolusi</a> (Biologi evolusioner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fikologi" title="Fikologi">Fikologi</a> (Algologi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filogeni" title="Filogeni">Filogeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi">Fisiologi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:3.25em;"> </td> <td style="width:15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">Biologi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Genetika_populasi" title="Genetika populasi">Genetika populasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genomika" title="Genomika">Genomika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proteomika" title="Proteomika">Proteomika</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi">Histologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_kesehatan" title="Ilmu kesehatan">Ilmu kesehatan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farmakologi" title="Farmakologi">Farmakologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematologi" title="Hematologi">Hematologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunoserologi" title="Imunoserologi">Imunoserologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran">Kedokteran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran_gigi" title="Kedokteran gigi">Kedokteran gigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran_hewan" title="Kedokteran hewan">Kedokteran hewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkologi" title="Onkologi">Onkologi</a> (ilmu kanker)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toksikologi" title="Toksikologi">Toksikologi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_saraf" title="Ilmu saraf">Ilmu saraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi">Imunologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kladistika" title="Kladistika">Kladistika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi">Mikrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfologi" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Morfologi">Morfologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontogeni" title="Ontogeni">Ontogeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi">Patologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitologi">Sitologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi">Taksonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi">Virologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi">Zoologi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:3.25em;"> </td> <td style="width:15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">Kimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrokimia" title="Elektrokimia">Elektrokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_bahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu bahan">Ilmu bahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_analitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia analitik">Kimia analitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_anorganik" title="Kimia anorganik">Kimia anorganik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fisik" title="Kimia fisik">Kimia fisik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_komputasi" title="Kimia komputasi">Kimia komputasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_kuantum" title="Kimia kuantum">Kimia kuantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">Kimia organik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektroskopi" title="Spektroskopi">Spektroskopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereokimia" title="Stereokimia">Stereokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termokimia" title="Termokimia">Termokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metode_Penelitian_Komunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metode Penelitian Komunikasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Metode Penelitian Komunikasi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:3.25em;"> </td> <td style="width:15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_bumi" class="mw-disambig" title="Ilmu bumi">Ilmu bumi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geodesi" title="Geodesi">Geodesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi">Geografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">Geologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi">Limnologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi">Meteorologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oseanografi" title="Oseanografi">Oseanografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi">Paleontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seismologi" title="Seismologi">Seismologi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:3.25em;"> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ilmu_sosial">Ilmu sosial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Ilmu sosial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ilmu sosial"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="background:transparent;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td style="width:15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi">Antropologi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">Arkeologi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akuntansi" title="Akuntansi">Akuntansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manajemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Manajemen">Manajemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Pembangunan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekonomi Pembangunan">Ekonomi Pembangunan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_politik" title="Ilmu politik">Ilmu politik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistik" title="Linguistik">Linguistik</a> (Ilmu bahasa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiologi" title="Sosiologi">Sosiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriminologi" title="Kriminologi">Kriminologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum">Hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrasi_Negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrasi Negara (halaman belum tersedia)">Administrasi Negara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrasi_Niaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrasi Niaga (halaman belum tersedia)">Administrasi Niaga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrasi_Fiskal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrasi Fiskal (halaman belum tersedia)">Administrasi Fiskal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_Komunikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu Komunikasi">Ilmu Komunikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_Pemerintahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu Pemerintahan">Ilmu Pemerintahan</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:3.25em;"> </td> <td style="width:15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi" title="Psikologi">Psikologi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analisis_perilaku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analisis perilaku (halaman belum tersedia)">Analisis perilaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopsikologi" title="Biopsikologi">Biopsikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropsikologi" title="Neuropsikologi">Neuropsikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikofisika" title="Psikofisika">Psikofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikometri" title="Psikometri">Psikometri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi_eksperimental" title="Psikologi eksperimental">Psikologi eksperimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi_forensik" title="Psikologi forensik">Psikologi forensik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi_humanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Psikologi humanis">Psikologi humanis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psikologi_industri_dan_organisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psikologi industri dan organisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Psikologi industri dan organisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi_kepribadian" title="Psikologi kepribadian">Psikologi kepribadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi_kesehatan" title="Psikologi kesehatan">Psikologi kesehatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi_klinis" title="Psikologi klinis">Psikologi klinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi_kognitif" title="Psikologi kognitif">Psikologi kognitif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi_pendidikan" title="Psikologi pendidikan">Psikologi pendidikan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psikologi_pertumbuhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psikologi pertumbuhan (halaman belum tersedia)">Psikologi pertumbuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psikologi_sensasi_dan_persepsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psikologi sensasi dan persepsi (halaman belum tersedia)">Psikologi sensasi dan persepsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi_sosial" title="Psikologi sosial">Psikologi sosial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:3.25em;"> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ilmu_terapan">Ilmu terapan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Ilmu terapan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ilmu terapan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_Komputer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu Komputer">Ilmu Komputer</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Informatika" title="Informatika">Informatika</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_komputer" title="Ilmu komputer">Ilmu komputer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sains_kognitif" class="mw-redirect" title="Sains kognitif">Ilmu kognitif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informatika" title="Informatika">Informatika</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybernetics">Cybernetics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systemics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systemics (halaman belum tersedia)">Systemics</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik">Teknik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rekayasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rekayasa">Rekayasa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_biomedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu biomedis">Ilmu biomedis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_pertanian" title="Ilmu pertanian">Ilmu pertanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_listrik" title="Teknik listrik">Teknik listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_pertanian" title="Teknik pertanian">Teknik pertanian</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dampak_karya_dari_penelitian_ilmiah">Dampak karya dari penelitian ilmiah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Dampak karya dari penelitian ilmiah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dampak karya dari penelitian ilmiah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penemuan baru pada ilmu sains dasar dapat mengubah dunia. Contohnya: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Penelitian</th> <th>Dampak </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Listrik_statis" title="Listrik statis">Listrik statis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">magnetisme</a> (1600)<br /><a href="/wiki/Arus_listrik" title="Arus listrik">Arus listrik</a> (abad 18)</td> <td>Semua peralatan listrik, dinamo, stasiun pembangkit listrik, <a href="/wiki/Elektronik" class="mw-disambig" title="Elektronik">elektronik</a> modern, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Penerangan_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Penerangan listrik">penerangan listrik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Televisi" title="Televisi">televisi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemanasan_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemanasan listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">pemanasan listrik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pita_perekam_suara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pita perekam suara (halaman belum tersedia)">pita perekam suara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pengeras_suara" title="Pengeras suara">pengeras suara</a>, ditambah <a href="/wiki/Kompas" title="Kompas">kompas</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Penangkal_petir" title="Penangkal petir">penangkal petir</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Difraksi" title="Difraksi">Difraksi</a> (1665)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Optik" class="mw-redirect" title="Optik">Optik</a>, lalu kabel <a href="/wiki/Fiber_optik" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber optik">fiber optik</a> (1840s), <a href="/wiki/Kabel_komunikasi_bawah_laut" title="Kabel komunikasi bawah laut">komunikasi antar benua</a> modern, <a href="/wiki/TV_kabel" class="mw-redirect" title="TV kabel">TV kabel</a> dan internet </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Teori_kuman_penyakit" title="Teori kuman penyakit">Teori kuman penyakit</a> (1700)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Higienis" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Higienis">Higienis</a>, mendorong pengurangan penyebaran penyakit indeksi; <a href="/wiki/Antibodi" title="Antibodi">Antibodi</a>, penemuan teknik untuk diagnosis penyakit dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terapi_target&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terapi target (halaman belum tersedia)">terapi target</a> antikanker. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vaksinasi" title="Vaksinasi">Vaksinasi</a> (1798)</td> <td>Mendorong ke penghilangan berbagai penyakit infeksi dari negara-negara maju dan pemberantasan <a href="/wiki/Cacar" class="mw-disambig" title="Cacar">cacar</a> di seluruh dunia. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efek_fotovoltaik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efek fotovoltaik (halaman belum tersedia)">Efek fotovoltaik</a> (1839)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sel_surya" title="Sel surya">Sel surya</a> (1883), lalu <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_surya" title="Tenaga surya">tenaga surya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalkulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkulator">kalkulator</a> dan peralatan lainnya. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">Orbit aneh dari planet <a href="/wiki/Merkurius" title="Merkurius">merkurius</a> (1859) dan penelitian lainnya</span><br />mendorong penemuan <a href="/wiki/Relativitas_khusus" title="Relativitas khusus">relativitas khusus</a> (1905) dan <a href="/wiki/Relativitas_umum" title="Relativitas umum">relativitas umum</a> (1916)</td> <td>Teknologi berbasis satelit seperti <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> (1973), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satnav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satnav (halaman belum tersedia)">satnav</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Satelit_komunikasi" title="Satelit komunikasi">satelit komunikasi</a><sup id="cite_ref-nasa_2004_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa_2004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gelombang_radio" title="Gelombang radio">Gelombang radio</a> (1887)</td> <td>Radio kemudian digunakan dalam berbagai macam kegunaan seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telefoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telefoni (halaman belum tersedia)">telefoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penyiaran" title="Penyiaran">penyiaran</a> <a href="/wiki/Televisi" title="Televisi">televisi</a> (1927) dan <a href="/wiki/Hiburan" title="Hiburan">hiburan</a> <a href="/wiki/Stasiun_radio" title="Stasiun radio">radio</a> (1906). Penggunaan lainnya termasuk – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelayanan_gawat_darurat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelayanan gawat darurat (halaman belum tersedia)">pelayanan gawat darurat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Navigasi" title="Navigasi">navigasi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Prediksi_cuaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Prediksi cuaca">prediksi cuaca</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran">kedokteran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomi_radio" title="Astronomi radio">astronomi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_nirkabel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunikasi nirkabel (halaman belum tersedia)">komunikasi nirkabel</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Jaringan_nirkabel" title="Jaringan nirkabel">jaringan nirkabel</a>. Frekuensi gelombang radio juga digunakan untuk <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_mikro" title="Gelombang mikro">gelombang mikro</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Radioaktivitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioaktivitas">Radioaktivitas</a> (1896) dan <a href="/wiki/Antimateri" title="Antimateri">antimateri</a> (1932)</td> <td>Pengobatan <a href="/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker">kanker</a> (1896), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengukuran_radiometrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengukuran radiometrik (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengukuran radiometrik</a> (1905), <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_nuklir" title="Reaktor nuklir">Reaktor nuklir</a> (1942) dan <a href="/wiki/Senjata_nuklir" title="Senjata nuklir">senjata nuklir</a> (1945), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemindai_PET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemindai PET (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemindai PET</a> (1961), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelitian_medis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penelitian medis (halaman belum tersedia)">penelitian medis</a> (via <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopic_labeling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotopic labeling (halaman belum tersedia)">isotopic labeling</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinar-X" title="Sinar-X">Sinar-X</a> (1896)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pencitraan_medis" title="Pencitraan medis">Pencitraan medis</a>, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomografi_komputasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomografi komputasi (halaman belum tersedia)">tomografi komputasi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kristalografi" title="Kristalografi">Kristalografi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">mekanika kuantum</a> (1900)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alat_semikonduktor" title="Alat semikonduktor">alat semikonduktor</a> (1906), kemudian <a href="/wiki/Komputasi" title="Komputasi">komputasi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Telekomunikasi" title="Telekomunikasi">telekomunikasi</a> modern termasuk integrasi dengan peralatan nirkabel: <a href="/wiki/Telepon_seluler" class="mw-redirect" title="Telepon seluler">telepon seluler</a><sup id="cite_ref-nasa_2004_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa_2004-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik">Plastik</a> (1907)</td> <td>Dimulai dengan <a href="/wiki/Bakelit" title="Bakelit">bakelit</a>, banyak tipe polimer buatan untuk berbagai aplikasi industri dan kehidupan sehari-hari </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antibiotik" title="Antibiotik">Antibiotik</a> (1880-an, 1928)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvarsan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvarsan (halaman belum tersedia)">Salvarsan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penisilin" title="Penisilin">Penisilin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doksisiklin" title="Doksisiklin">doksisiklin</a> dll. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Resonansi_magnetik_nuklir" class="mw-redirect" title="Resonansi magnetik nuklir">Resonansi magnetik nuklir</a> (1930-an)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektroskopi_resonansi_magnetik_nuklir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektroskopi resonansi magnetik nuklir (halaman belum tersedia)">Spektroskopi resonansi magnetik nuklir</a> (1946), <a href="/wiki/Pencitraan_resonansi_magnetik" title="Pencitraan resonansi magnetik">Pencitraan resonansi magnetik</a> (1971), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencitraan_resonansi_magnetik_fungsional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencitraan resonansi magnetik fungsional (halaman belum tersedia)">Pencitraan resonansi magnetik fungsional</a> (1990-an). </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tema_terkait">Tema terkait</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Tema terkait" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tema terkait"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Organisasi dan praktik ilmu: <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Council_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Council of Science (halaman belum tersedia)">International Council of Science</a> (ICSU).</li> <li>Untuk pemahaman bagaimana bidang-bidang ilmu tersebut berkembang, lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Sains_dan_Teknologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Sains dan Teknologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah Sains dan Teknologi</a></li> <li>Lihat pula <a href="/wiki/Ilmuwan" title="Ilmuwan">ilmuwan</a> untuk katalog orang-orang yang berkecimpung dalam bidangnya.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_dasar_ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori dasar ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)">Teori dasar ilmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_ilmu" title="Sejarah ilmu">Sejarah ilmu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junk_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junk science (halaman belum tersedia)">Junk science</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patafisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patafisika (halaman belum tersedia)">Patafisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosains" title="Protosains">Protosains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_semu" title="Ilmu semu">Ilmu semu</a> <i>(pseudosains)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sains_Besar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sains Besar">Sains Besar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sains_dan_Teknologi_di_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sains dan Teknologi di Indonesia">Sains dan Teknologi di Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendidikan_sains" title="Pendidikan sains">Pendidikan sains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_ilmiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan ilmiah (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan ilmiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelanggaran_ilmiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelanggaran ilmiah (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelanggaran ilmiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme_ilmiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materialisme ilmiah (halaman belum tersedia)">Materialisme ilmiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metode_ilmiah" title="Metode ilmiah">Metode ilmiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolusi_ilmiah" title="Revolusi ilmiah">Revolusi ilmiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_agama_dan_sains" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubungan agama dan sains">Hubungan agama dan sains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_publikasi_penting_dalam_sains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar publikasi penting dalam sains (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar publikasi penting dalam sains</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prof. Dr. C.A. van Peursen: Filsafat Sebagai Seni untuk Bertanya. Dikutip dari buku B. Arief Sidharta. Apakah Filsafat dan Filsafat Ilmu Itu?, Pustaka Sutra, Bandung 2008. Hal 7-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EOWilson1999a-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EOWilson1999a_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wilson, E.O. (1999). "The natural sciences". <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/consilienceunity00wils_135"><i>Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan"><img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/20px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span> (edisi ke-Reprint). New York, New York: Vintage. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/consilienceunity00wils_135/page/n55">49</a>–71. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-679-76867-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-679-76867-8">978-0-679-76867-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+natural+sciences&rft.btitle=Consilience%3A+The+Unity+of+Knowledge&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=49-71&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-679-76867-8&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=E.O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconsilienceunity00wils_135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIlmu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heilbron-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heilbron_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._L._Heilbron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. L. Heilbron (halaman belum tersedia)">Heilbron, J.L.</a>; et al. (2003). "Preface". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_s7n3"><i>The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. hlm. vii–X. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-511229-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-511229-0">978-0-19-511229-0</a>. <q>...modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by mathematics; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+the+History+of+Modern+Science&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=vii-X&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-511229-0&rft.aulast=Heilbron&rft.aufirst=J.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont0000unse_s7n3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIlmu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prof. Dr. C.A. van Peursen: Filsafat Sebagai Seni untuk Bertanya. Dikutip dari buku B. Arief Sidharta. Apakah Filsafat dan Filsafat Ilmu Itu?, Pustaka Sutra, Bandung 2008. Hal 7-11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wahid, Ramli Abdul. Ulumul Qu'ran, Grafindo, Jakarta, 1996, hal. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vardiansyah, Dani. Filsafat Ilmu Komunikasi: Suatu Pengantar, Indeks, Jakarta 2008. Halaman 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021104-105-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021104-105_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuruddin2021">Nuruddin 2021</a>, hlm. 104-105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021105-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021105_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021105_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuruddin2021">Nuruddin 2021</a>, hlm. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021105-106-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuruddin2021105-106_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuruddin2021">Nuruddin 2021</a>, hlm. 105-106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa_2004-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nasa_2004_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2004/26mar_einstein">Evicting Einstein</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020540/http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2004/26mar_einstein/">Diarsipkan</a> 2016-03-05 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., March 26, 2004, <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <i>"Both [relativity and quantum mechanics] are extremely successful. The Global Positioning System (GPS), for instance, wouldn't be possible without the theory of relativity. Computers, telecommunications, and the Internet, meanwhile, are spin-offs of quantum mechanics."</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFNuruddin2021" class="citation book">Nuruddin, Muhammad (2021). <i>Ilmu Maqulat dan Esai-Esai Pilihan Seputar Logika, Kalam dan FIlsafat</i>. Depok: Keira. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-623-7754-24-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-623-7754-24-4">978-623-7754-24-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilmu+Maqulat+dan+Esai-Esai+Pilihan+Seputar+Logika%2C+Kalam+dan+FIlsafat&rft.place=Depok&rft.pub=Keira&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-623-7754-24-4&rft.aulast=Nuruddin&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIlmu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a> memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan: <i><b><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ilmu" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Ilmu">Ilmu</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Science" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Science"><span style="">Science</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-57"><i>Dictionary of the History of Ideas</i>:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080619205103/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-57">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-06-19 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Classification of the Sciences</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.shumans.com">Daily Science News</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006124035/http://science.shumans.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-10-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internet-encyclopedia.info/wiki.phtml?title=Science">Internet-Encyclopedia March 14, 2003</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050309042350/http://www.internet-encyclopedia.info/wiki.phtml?title=Science">Diarsipkan</a> 2005-03-09 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., alphabetized and ordered list of sciences adapted from the Internet-Encyclopedia article, "Science"</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forumsains.com/">Forum Sains</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122sciencedefns.html">Berbagai batasan "ilmu pengetahuan"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100610232101/http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122sciencedefns.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-06-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csu.edu.au/learning/eis/hbauer-intro.html">Ethics in Science</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050307181130/http://www.csu.edu.au/learning/eis/hbauer-intro.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2005-03-07 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com">Current Events in Science Magazine</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.gov">United States Science Initiative</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4066562-8">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX526275">Spanyol</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX527870">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933232c">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933232c">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85118553">Amerika Serikat</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh00007934">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000052291&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571322">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116676&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li> <li><span class="error">The NLK id KSH1998010839 is not valid.</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1108176/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10642032">National Archives (US)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Science-symbol-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/30px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/45px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/60px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="87" data-file-height="87" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik ilmu pengetahuan ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan <a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&action=edit">mengembangkannya</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ilmu-stub" title="Templat:Ilmu-stub"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Ilmu-stub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Ilmu-stub (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ilmu-stub&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> <p><br /><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Ditemukan tag <code><ref></code> untuk kelompok bernama "nb", tapi tidak ditemukan tag <code><references group="nb"/></code> yang berkaitan</span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&oldid=26999977">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu&oldid=26999977</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ilmu" title="Kategori:Ilmu">Ilmu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sains" title="Kategori:Sains">Sains</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mata_pelajaran" title="Kategori:Mata pelajaran">Mata pelajaran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_topik_utama" title="Kategori:Artikel topik utama">Artikel topik utama</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Latin" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Latin">Artikel mengandung aksara Latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Arab" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Arab">Artikel mengandung aksara Arab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pranala_kategori_Commons_ada_di_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Pranala kategori Commons ada di Wikidata">Pranala kategori Commons ada di Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_GND" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_BNE" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_BNF" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_LCCN" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_LNB" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LNB">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NDL" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NDL">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NKC" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_kesalahan_penanda_NLK_identifiers" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan kesalahan penanda NLK identifiers">Artikel Wikipedia dengan kesalahan penanda NLK identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_FAST" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda FAST">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda FAST</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NARA" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NARA">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NARA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_ganda" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda ganda">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda ganda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_artikel_rintisan" title="Kategori:Semua artikel rintisan">Semua artikel rintisan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rintisan_bertopik_ilmu" title="Kategori:Rintisan bertopik ilmu">Rintisan bertopik ilmu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_artikel_rintisan_Maret_2025" title="Kategori:Semua artikel rintisan Maret 2025">Semua artikel rintisan Maret 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_kesalahan_referensi" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan kesalahan referensi">Halaman dengan kesalahan referensi</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 6 Maret 2025, pukul 04.29.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; 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