CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135b6787f8e3da5',cH: 'Hh5OSjTJLXGU19GINkIU..ZFEhTQ5FdwTHuOUkz1_2U-1739794630-1.2.1.1-Um9a5U6hM1vBZc3.H3wwMw3ZonzGm.Y.WypfwtLh2F7uRviUQzs_u2HiNKAjZJzr',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Belinda%20Brooks&__cf_chl_tk=EASQGVNJaURM8ZjF1EMgq5GZh1zD4IVU514WQYcytgw-1739794630-1.0.1.1-1G5BO1Hm4cUddB09W2N1z1lwGXdSF1O8f39WgGmIFSI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739794630',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Belinda%20Brooks&__cf_chl_f_tk=EASQGVNJaURM8ZjF1EMgq5GZh1zD4IVU514WQYcytgw-1739794630-1.0.1.1-1G5BO1Hm4cUddB09W2N1z1lwGXdSF1O8f39WgGmIFSI",md: "cK_.eTAobOCIJhT9UfzZAehhtrRwDHxUdAjnoJtDXVc-1739794630-1.2.1.1-o1IkljoD7ND229ADWcNumkRPopmM6JurNg0rTFEM.Xr5xlR5KZxaQM5TRJNkIvoZ7qSkP7yipXIYoCHWlc4sJqt3NYC9LDkzL.slZmTBRkLP40Rz1NZR3EhZIujumZfo9K2SGlOlMfwTjCSHX0ZywRhW_W0iLkNxWRrP9cZOSdkTt6XycMCSiJ6kCtf9bZhcO.AsYyM5Szv2_uA0kP7vSFWrdUL21MKsSEoy9XFhfbO4_eNSMW2ijoHrh4ffvIUpuxuacu8o79scKa60bzcseK.Lo62_PcKyy_Arzwx44L4OIDlC_5gUc59BLqbtJnmmh_WZEanIshwwyn7xhZCJ6uYWK2C8ge.rciXqJr0_kOXwhslYbf5rhyLzAIqfoxCLE1dZcNWV3MCUJXlAH2Xc.PZASNFlJLhqp9php2N4qtlE5IpnTKoa3nsApurnxH97Y.SnEyYflOeLVcGKU19Po_nQi2IBngmyfS9fiEPpaA02p3Q7cq2eENx3w_3T50BK9VMVidBVk0b0XGwNmIG9A5FoMYu4_XArCOtC3wcYmgzqox4lB.RQEH_3D6tsHkguKvuub.TRTfC6jqot1.E74iR4AZx0VxalJAXV4s0fMa3Rj2UvpdO8g0dkI4IR8AF3vV.XX2vAv0lrxn2eeqfmOijF_qffz7qBnUB6vsENfVD4GNFxo53BDbO5iKVffKSSDm88BwaUgoGm5LSgWGJrQHXQf9Q3b_V8Z7xCUpUYiAb4korwZpxBkxT3M8EO.LY2FOwCpSNp6YtpK0Hj2fo5Z0h0IU6VhoZ7o9berrcrs31zpbQlLTlg4x.WJf3lmdBU1c4znZ8Cmrp8rMLR5HlHsUBeyAZn3nI9.1BcRpnZKNB2L3m1Lo0aRTmDFLpyPif2RiTKLq2B_pZv8Vwzx89RPqkrJ3A4_zmnxID1mw02_RdG79kNAvDlZgnwKRw42.sg6gDr7YJxAdk7Urez3MO4WxoBBG.z0nK.b867GQisHUXryGpe7VbIBTtgHhpejKW6GFMktZukK5_Il3CtECkhRzj7T9vKEgkaEbEnU8Yzx4CUplecD56HOSr0RNwJTQjSYsmCGtptu891duO4vfTff1_3CkGSkv7HXk8SUasfh1Kbk0lqabJfrlBQbq1U83rnsvxjbKcFCuBczEMuuofYYlCJiopxgy3RUM9pMON7fk.rBYHzDyTib5D1wR1js3qUILsOkZEuqgavQX43PZ8dNa.j.TmmGyVS2JmVjvUO7260VS4hLVfVNqmJt3omjAUWt0YG6Szv.pBttHNEHCM7c1Nw7Q_PBkFz6wXPOfHa525V19ryhWR7tBkKoOR6UAVNbsrKT7a9Cd6Czb72Vlze0a1acVxL.0h1WGjjuBeh2.tbc7ed4ZFG1SibPpYTFHSQDTYaZ9VBugrXmHVyi5POvq5l4XonZQE2iFzeiXZ15hKuON1omyxLxJ5fNeJF26LgfJRRMte7EuXFdg1C_E7_n3sL9WwJAGo1WWROjEBLvZ4X73EdMOmfuOWTfiufZfCiB__waORz7ZtJo8V98q9bAauf4JSC5uyHmSZ7lXPOjvh_xRRqHIoWgwx9jRgwLVcicO5lHcLGH3LEyN.o_yG6WETid3ZY_SgiXxV5Nl1eOlX4YVgRj65esaWoHSIKBxyGPy9N4pbqM6oEHwMiTJt8lsUG4E84aWznZ9gQAtXqiGt8jYSlJCLns1jFbYkhXKcad.PWVx7m40EXjqS5trSoraOpDbXaqRQQpBX.xhsae6.tUGiQvFb9BdH1T1Xx48IfLL5lN9OS21XFTbjOxiMrsF1sby3bXaf1Wb6Axbi83Gm.PccRovSr7NHftUF7tTSeZqO6SaONtmpqGQRV4dHE26WxoN4__SsVp4ecBPEMQyI5r0kwjFZbP4Tiqu36DiwjT2oGOPjWmeDOSK5HqQp_0ryZzv7j4f8X8VuCTdTcWcc",mdrd: "n5sIUT0sv8oUeCKo8iDCNR28iGp3.zcghnivfhpkKdg-1739794630-1.2.1.1-dRrG3oMOgZ_lJNkT_yWp.S8SNd.tFa.HbREz5FFN06qR9vpCiSMdd8IT2t7AAWNIIRChuHOl2QgRkeV.HEHawP34MR2sfkGiblu7_KHxbl3lcLk4nPaueSmVOhFdODdUpGGsMI4VqFCQJkGnOsFcNlqJKdjwu6KNw_MbzX_X2rM1wWTsFJAc_7U_ldFe.iInvYZUSI0itfoh74k5_qqF5iSUGmwCOpba_4.XZux.oFzk4d_bHW2aBC_RjNVjYiVJNZUY_ftd79Gb_3rC2aCzWQVYls_AjDQ7QBTS5sru7UdkHVrtUYjoA_z_rE8wkgdQSaabXGkndxc9fgPdbONch8Fzs2I2nP0hfAgg8XZ2DgugmWXvUbNHolzLDT5qMfd.SEPGSuyUNBr6Pb84Vz3OPPV9UwNkvTpn0iB6jjLamjwslQiahzg5W46ahUmyVV7.KMcCNIaDsw1Gsu_jXNuyWJDa05ne_KjmBoVaZVjWbb00qlEGuiVTdxWp1iHd9rwIOWr6a4EW8_gDgUP4_xkRvjz9hjf4H7nFIFP9g20j0kREFyB8uKOGbiYb1fqBBORtK6hKFB0EHIsoyPr4l5WCenvBY0LC1Otx70aLPLylrwO9BS4.YuLDXaW_c_S7XijKiflH2hu1PIOxYjCbupGT8j3PrqltHj8qsk8IqwKoQg7wCAYJmOHFs282fUnvYgSB4LMNc4OJXYA6M_0E81eXW7B3oC9m9MVm9lAhD2_38cnErPbODw9VZE6fKhg8NLHl7lV27I68OrohA73y5UAms7u3IN0Pr6gBzZOktRZcYbDNSNoevdfKD37j74XTlsxXDADFtoxs5PuknlLK5dbHRb2Xaova06IxswKbY6p2zKox8yBuY9oEUzh1SmyiHFl2K6ZzeyIMArTHsjc.c9aRT9Jr9GMxTcnI_iSsxJS7Duk3BoeDEIZaRE.ycZTk0fIZOTeGWtQoB2spO217jT1xH8eby0p6_1DBdaa_g5IZkBWWOrnHRD0fleQwUGlkVoTWtLed0sEGiXGEJ8_PE2LQuW2JBxMU.yUrQLXeX0eAp8a0QCHD_ovY1RAYTcL3udf2L0GWUbyo7zE4IafulHs5sTE6almdirGpylZHg1L5MOEmFo80GeV38xb.6XJJoPXvA1Sh.CW9wJaw85985AEePklB4TaXW506n6lZSN7jQOL8vL75LnEyxc4QTVOcyXtrdvSerzXJLBLPBr5KzLmg8st4OcP9aeMhUq33dp.0ndNuow1q2QpscRNfM.iBYEty3ZRpIfUPWavXICySmvVU19UcEJAsYjLEMX6Is5Va3DawdUCnptyTxQVsAntrnS20R7gNjvGgiusO9Ei_cn95e15k5iceXK0GQ0AG9hZBN8ea6llhAgFAVqRB0GKgvXb8C4t2yflh65eL0lA.Wj0sOBiYQBaXKRfGn8Wg2m8ZWRLxQXX1vIgp5fPk3vE4aU2dgPZvoMhZSGqhaSCpYYkik5kMLzxdGTJWrI.HlPhqWCleKtttVEWBPOjxuWwzFBg7OuNgjJ1NB7GZ.NtbhvZcvH6QqK9PnGO5saclH4zhb8kp5hA1YmvUmXZemLbd7wMDv2KqUQUXlJ3Ts0nDI2fZizUstTThDIbnUvC2.UQfLO7MTFbKety26dDE5C6.BRF4xD1VYc98OJgMMWmPvmmLLvk_tA58VavDyumaSAjBuPZ_9LbRmW1v0YUuxfsGUX.Yfal_Q.18EQlmqqDp.oinQQAdY5uqcNq414pfPhZtLzzmdGxCVRjn98q9fTH6laASPvCI7MwgujB3RLx69t1c0HMKYVDtWqe.o4ht5BkrlFffsi4HtJ65Ank8QNo2pG6RsWN1crDYXGjxyBaBiCW8seJpvud2Xwrced4FYr9cGK03OHI3Nis0LxahHLwW9n3cEhWj_d4alOG_H_iFWYZYFwCswONRXjtMsOoJ24ZHACwwo3rfhvnX41UmUgYLynuG"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135b6787f8e3da5';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Belinda%20Brooks&__cf_chl_rt_tk=EASQGVNJaURM8ZjF1EMgq5GZh1zD4IVU514WQYcytgw-1739794630-1.0.1.1-1G5BO1Hm4cUddB09W2N1z1lwGXdSF1O8f39WgGmIFSI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>