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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literature, film, and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature,_film,_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_feminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In feminism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_feminism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In feminism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Violence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Women warriors in literature and culture</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9" title="النساء المحاربات في الأدب والثقافة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النساء المحاربات في الأدب والثقافة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE" title="সাহিত্য আৰু সংস্কৃতিত নাৰী যোদ্ধা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সাহিত্য আৰু সংস্কৃতিত নাৰী যোদ্ধা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dones_guerreres_en_la_literatura_i_en_la_cultura" title="Dones guerreres en la literatura i en la cultura – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dones guerreres en la literatura i en la cultura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujeres_guerreras_en_la_literatura_y_en_la_cultura" title="Mujeres guerreras en la literatura y en la cultura – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mujeres guerreras en la literatura y en la cultura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerri%C3%A8re_amazone" title="Guerrière amazone – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerrière amazone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_guerriera" title="Donna guerriera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Donna guerriera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Жени воини во литература и култура – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жени воини во литература и култура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulheres_guerreiras_na_cultura" title="Mulheres guerreiras na cultura – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mulheres guerreiras na cultura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Дева-воительница – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дева-воительница" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="இலக்கியத்திலும் கலாச்சாரத்திலும் வீராங்கனைகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலக்கியத்திலும் கலாச்சாரத்திலும் வீராங்கனைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Діва-воїтелька – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діва-воїтелька" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" title="Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction">Sex and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_speculative_fiction" title="Gender in speculative fiction">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_speculative_fiction" title="Women in speculative fiction">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproduction_and_pregnancy_in_speculative_fiction" title="Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction">Reproduction</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Genres</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_women_in_American_comics" title="Portrayal of women in American comics">Women in comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash_fiction" title="Slash fiction">Slash fiction</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT themes</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT themes in comics">In comics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_characters_in_comics" title="Category:LGBTQ characters in comics">characters</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_mythology" title="LGBT themes in mythology">In mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_themes_in_horror_fiction" title="LGBTQ themes in horror fiction">In horror fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_vampire" title="Lesbian vampire">Lesbian vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Recurring elements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">Sex in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_pregnancy" title="Male pregnancy">Male pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-gender_world" title="Single-gender world">Single-gender worlds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_vampire" title="Lesbian vampire">Lesbian vampires</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woman warriors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynoid" title="Gynoid">Gynoids</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_women_in_warfare" title="Template:Campaignbox women in warfare"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_women_in_warfare" title="Template talk:Campaignbox women in warfare"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_women_in_warfare" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox women in warfare"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Women_in_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_war" title="Women in war">Women in war</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_ancient_warfare" title="Women in ancient warfare">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_post-classical_warfare" title="Women in post-classical warfare">Post-classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_warfare_(1500%E2%80%931699)" title="Women in warfare (1500–1699)">1500–1699</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_18th-century_warfare" title="Women in 18th-century warfare">18th-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_warfare_and_the_military_in_the_19th_century" title="Women in warfare and the military in the 19th century">1800–1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_warfare_and_the_military_(1900%E2%80%931945)" title="Women in warfare and the military (1900–1945)">1900–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_world_wars" title="Women in the world wars">The world wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_I" title="Women in World War I">WWI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">WWII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_warfare_and_the_military_(1945%E2%80%931999)" title="Women in warfare and the military (1945–1999)">1945–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_warfare_and_the_military_(2000%E2%80%93present)" title="Women in warfare and the military (2000–present)">2000–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etty_Britomart_1833.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Etty_Britomart_1833.jpg/200px-Etty_Britomart_1833.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Etty_Britomart_1833.jpg/300px-Etty_Britomart_1833.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Etty_Britomart_1833.jpg/400px-Etty_Britomart_1833.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Britomart_Redeems_Faire_Amoret" title="Britomart Redeems Faire Amoret">Britomart Redeems Faire Amoret</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/William_Etty" title="William Etty">William Etty</a> (1833)</figcaption></figure> <p>The portrayal of <a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">women warriors</a> in <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a> is a subject of study in history, literary studies, film studies, folklore history, and mythology. The archetypal figure of the woman warrior is an example of a normal thing that happens in some cultures, while also being a <a href="/wiki/Counter_stereotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter stereotype">counter stereotype</a>, opposing the normal construction of war, violence and aggression as masculine.<sup id="cite_ref-Stringer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stringer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 269">: 269 </span></sup> This convention-defying position makes the female warrior a prominent site of investigation for discourses surrounding female power and <a href="/wiki/Gender_roles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender roles">gender roles</a> in society. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folklore_and_mythology">Folklore and mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Folklore and mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medieval_women_as_warriors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Medieval_women_as_warriors.jpg/170px-Medieval_women_as_warriors.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Medieval_women_as_warriors.jpg/255px-Medieval_women_as_warriors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Medieval_women_as_warriors.jpg/340px-Medieval_women_as_warriors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption>Medieval women helping to defend the city from attack</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_women_warriors_in_folklore" title="List of women warriors in folklore">List of women warriors in folklore</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek_legends_of_the_Amazons">Greek legends of the Amazons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Greek legends of the Amazons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazons</a> were an entire tribe of woman warriors in Greek legend. The earliest known recording of the Amazons can be found in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s epic poem the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>, in which Homer described them as Amazon <i>antianeirai</i>, a term with multiple translations including "the equal of men."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Amazon" has become an <a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">eponym</a> for woman warriors and athletes in both modern and ancient society. </p><p>In British mythology, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Cordelia" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Cordelia">Queen Cordelia</a> fought off several contenders for her throne by personally leading the army in its battles as well as defending her home from her own warring family members, until she eventually commits suicide due to grief. Another example in ancient British history is the historical Queen <a href="/wiki/Boudica" title="Boudica">Boudica</a>, who led a rebellion against the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. </p><p>In his <i>On the Bravery of Women</i>, the Greco-Roman historian <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> describes how the women of <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a> fought against King <a href="/wiki/Cleomenes_I" title="Cleomenes I">Cleomenes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartans</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Telesilla" title="Telesilla">Telesilla</a> in the fifth century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-uchicago_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uchicago-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scythian_women">Scythian women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scythian women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among <a href="/wiki/Scythian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian">Scythians</a>, warrior women were not unknown. Archaeologists have uncovered more than 40 graves of female warrior leaders. The Roman general, <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> defeated Scythians fighting for <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithridates VI">Mithridates VI</a> of Pontus, and in his <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">triumph</a> displayed female warrior rulers among the leaders he defeated. Scythian lifestyle included equality among the sexes, and some women took the opportunities that a warrior lifestyle offered to both men and women.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scythian culture touched on both Greece and India, both of whom have tales of warrior women in their histories and mythologies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_folklore">Indian folklore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Indian folklore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Accounts of martial women were included in the <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> (ca. 500 BCE) and <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> (ca. 400 BCE) In Hindu mythology, <a href="/wiki/Chitr%C4%81ngad%C4%81" title="Chitrāngadā">Chitrāngadā</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a>, was the commander of her father's armies. <a href="/wiki/Satyabhama" title="Satyabhama">Satyabhama</a> was a warrior wife of the god Krishna who led an army against <a href="/wiki/Narakasura" title="Narakasura">Narakasura</a>; she was an archer and expert in wartime tactics. <a href="/wiki/Shikhandini" class="mw-redirect" title="Shikhandini">Shikhandini</a> was a princess who learned "archery, martial arts, war-techniques" and fought to avenge herself for past wrongs in another life; she eventually became a man (through supernatural intervention). <a href="/wiki/Kaikeyi" title="Kaikeyi">Kaikeyi</a> was the wife of a king who drove his chariot in battle and saved his life.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other examples of warrior women in India may be seen in sculpture. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hampi_si1296.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="India, Bala Krishna Temple at Hampi. Woman with bow, an attendant removing a thorn from her foot. Early 16th century C.E."><img alt="India, Bala Krishna Temple at Hampi. Woman with bow, an attendant removing a thorn from her foot. Early 16th century C.E." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hampi_si1296.jpg/90px-Hampi_si1296.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hampi_si1296.jpg/135px-Hampi_si1296.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hampi_si1296.jpg/180px-Hampi_si1296.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">India, Bala Krishna Temple at <a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a>. Woman with bow, an attendant removing a thorn from her foot. Early 16th century C.E.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sesha_Mandapa,_Vijayanagar_period,_16th_century,_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_dedicated_to_Vishnu,_in_Srirangam,_near_Tiruchirappali_(215)_(37480768992).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Srirangam, India. Sculpture of warrior woman from the Vijayanagar period, 16th century, Sesha Mandapa hall of the Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple."><img alt="Srirangam, India. Sculpture of warrior woman from the Vijayanagar period, 16th century, Sesha Mandapa hall of the Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sesha_Mandapa%2C_Vijayanagar_period%2C_16th_century%2C_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple%2C_dedicated_to_Vishnu%2C_in_Srirangam%2C_near_Tiruchirappali_%28215%29_%2837480768992%29.jpg/120px-Sesha_Mandapa%2C_Vijayanagar_period%2C_16th_century%2C_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple%2C_dedicated_to_Vishnu%2C_in_Srirangam%2C_near_Tiruchirappali_%28215%29_%2837480768992%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sesha_Mandapa%2C_Vijayanagar_period%2C_16th_century%2C_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple%2C_dedicated_to_Vishnu%2C_in_Srirangam%2C_near_Tiruchirappali_%28215%29_%2837480768992%29.jpg/180px-Sesha_Mandapa%2C_Vijayanagar_period%2C_16th_century%2C_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple%2C_dedicated_to_Vishnu%2C_in_Srirangam%2C_near_Tiruchirappali_%28215%29_%2837480768992%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sesha_Mandapa%2C_Vijayanagar_period%2C_16th_century%2C_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple%2C_dedicated_to_Vishnu%2C_in_Srirangam%2C_near_Tiruchirappali_%28215%29_%2837480768992%29.jpg/240px-Sesha_Mandapa%2C_Vijayanagar_period%2C_16th_century%2C_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple%2C_dedicated_to_Vishnu%2C_in_Srirangam%2C_near_Tiruchirappali_%28215%29_%2837480768992%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Srirangam, India. Sculpture of warrior woman from the Vijayanagar period, 16th century, Sesha Mandapa hall of the <a href="/wiki/Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" title="Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sesha_Mandapa,_Vijayanagar_period,_16th_century,_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_dedicated_to_Vishnu,_in_Srirangam,_near_Tiruchirappali_(228)_(37511787801).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculpture of warrior woman from the Vijayanagar period, 16th century, Sesha Mandapa hall of the Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple"><img alt="Sculpture of warrior woman from the Vijayanagar period, 16th century, Sesha Mandapa hall of the Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sesha_Mandapa%2C_Vijayanagar_period%2C_16th_century%2C_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple%2C_dedicated_to_Vishnu%2C_in_Srirangam%2C_near_Tiruchirappali_%28228%29_%2837511787801%29.jpg/80px-Sesha_Mandapa%2C_Vijayanagar_period%2C_16th_century%2C_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple%2C_dedicated_to_Vishnu%2C_in_Srirangam%2C_near_Tiruchirappali_%28228%29_%2837511787801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sesha_Mandapa%2C_Vijayanagar_period%2C_16th_century%2C_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple%2C_dedicated_to_Vishnu%2C_in_Srirangam%2C_near_Tiruchirappali_%28228%29_%2837511787801%29.jpg/120px-Sesha_Mandapa%2C_Vijayanagar_period%2C_16th_century%2C_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple%2C_dedicated_to_Vishnu%2C_in_Srirangam%2C_near_Tiruchirappali_%28228%29_%2837511787801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sesha_Mandapa%2C_Vijayanagar_period%2C_16th_century%2C_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple%2C_dedicated_to_Vishnu%2C_in_Srirangam%2C_near_Tiruchirappali_%28228%29_%2837511787801%29.jpg/160px-Sesha_Mandapa%2C_Vijayanagar_period%2C_16th_century%2C_Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple%2C_dedicated_to_Vishnu%2C_in_Srirangam%2C_near_Tiruchirappali_%28228%29_%2837511787801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculpture of warrior woman from the Vijayanagar period, 16th century, Sesha Mandapa hall of the <a href="/wiki/Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" title="Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_warrior_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="India. A warrior woman sacrifices herself, cutting her own throat."><img alt="India. A warrior woman sacrifices herself, cutting her own throat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Women_warrior_01.JPG/71px-Women_warrior_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="71" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Women_warrior_01.JPG/107px-Women_warrior_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Women_warrior_01.JPG/142px-Women_warrior_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2863" data-file-height="4825" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">India. A warrior woman sacrifices herself, cutting her own throat.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several women are described in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> as participating in wars or battles, including the prophetess <a href="/wiki/Deborah" title="Deborah">Deborah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rahab" title="Rahab">Rahab</a>, and the unnamed "<a href="/wiki/Woman_of_Thebez" title="Woman of Thebez">woman of Thebez</a>". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hind_bint_%E2%80%98Utbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hind bint ‘Utbah">Hind bint ‘Utbah</a> was an Arab woman in the late 6th and early 7th centuries who converted to Islam. She took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Yarmouk">Battle of Yarmouk</a> in 636, fighting the Romans and encouraging the male soldiers to join her.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Khawlah_bint_al-Azwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Khawlah bint al-Azwar">Khawlah bint al-Azwar</a> was a prominent woman Muslim warrior in the 7th century, leading battles in what are today Syria, Jordan and Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ghazala" title="Ghazala">Ghazala</a> the <a href="/wiki/Khawarij" class="mw-redirect" title="Khawarij">Kharijite</a> was also a commander in battle, making famous generals like <a href="/wiki/Al-Hajjaj_ibn_Yusuf" title="Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf">al-Hajjaj</a> flee. Her courage was extolled in poems. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> was a warrior in the 15th century and considered a heroine in France for her role in the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>. Joan of Arc alleged that she had a connection to the saints of her church and that they communicated with her to tell her to join the war effort of the French in 1429. Her effort in the battle of <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> in May 1429 contributed to the retreat of the English from the city.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was later canonized as a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_saint" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic saint">Roman Catholic saint</a>. In modern popular culture, Joan of Arc has been depicted many times, including in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="The Passion of Joan of Arc">The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928 film)</a></i>, a silent historical film from Danish director <a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Carl TH. Dreyer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film depicts the real trial of Joan of Arc leading up to her execution. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mai_Bhago" title="Mai Bhago">Mai Bhago</a> was a Sikh warrior of 18th century. She encouraged and rallied the soldiers who abandoned <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a> during the siege of Anandpur Sahib to refight. She, alongside 40 soldiers confronted the Mughal Army and fought the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muktsar" title="Battle of Muktsar">Battle of Muktsar</a>. She wore a masculine attire during her lifetime and by doing so, challenged patriarchy and started the debate around 'Role of Women' among Scholars and Philosophers. She was honored the title of being the bodyguard of Guru Gobind Singh during his exhile in <a href="/wiki/Nanded,_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanded, Maharashtra">Nanded, Maharashtra</a>. Many ballads and folksongs glorify her bravery and she is revered as a Feminist Icon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folk_and_fairy_tales">Folk and fairy tales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Folk and fairy tales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In one Chinese legend recorded by <a href="/wiki/Gan_Bao" title="Gan Bao">Gan Bao</a>, a girl named Li Ji slays a serpent who devoured many maidens in her village (<i><a href="/wiki/Li_Ji_slays_the_Giant_Serpent" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Ji slays the Giant Serpent">Li Ji Slays the Giant Serpent</a></i> or <i>Li Chi Slays the Serpent</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The narrative of the woman warrior sometimes involves the motif of crossdressing or disguising herself as a man or a male soldier. These stories belong to the cycle of <i>La Doncella Guerrera</i>, or The Warrior Maiden.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One popular instance of this is the legendary heroine <a href="/wiki/Hua_Mulan" title="Hua Mulan">Hua Mulan</a> of Chinese history. Mulan's earliest records date back to the time of China's <a href="/wiki/Northern_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Dynasty">Northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Dynasty">Southern Dynasties</a> era (4th to 6th century AD).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the ballad, Mulan disguises herself as a man and takes her father's place in war to protect him. Since it was first written, the original story has been retold many times by different authors.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hua Mulan was further popularized, especially in the United States, through Disney's 1998 feature film <i><a href="/wiki/Mulan_(1998_film)" title="Mulan (1998 film)">Mulan</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mulan,_18th_century,_ink_and_colors_on_silk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mulan%2C_18th_century%2C_ink_and_colors_on_silk.jpg/220px-Mulan%2C_18th_century%2C_ink_and_colors_on_silk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mulan%2C_18th_century%2C_ink_and_colors_on_silk.jpg/330px-Mulan%2C_18th_century%2C_ink_and_colors_on_silk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mulan%2C_18th_century%2C_ink_and_colors_on_silk.jpg/440px-Mulan%2C_18th_century%2C_ink_and_colors_on_silk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1826" data-file-height="3134" /></a><figcaption>18th century depiction of Mulan</figcaption></figure><p>In many cases, the disguised maiden enters the service of a king and discovers the queen's infidelity. The queen is punished and the king marries the warrior maiden.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One example is <i>A afilhada de São Pedro</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">St. Peter</a>'s Goddaughter"), a Portuguese folktale collected by <a href="/wiki/Consiglieri_Pedroso" class="mw-redirect" title="Consiglieri Pedroso">Consiglieri Pedroso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These stories are classified in the <a href="/wiki/Aarne%E2%80%93Thompson%E2%80%93Uther_Index" title="Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index">Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index</a> index as ATU 513, "The Extraordinary Companions" and subtypes, and ATU 514, "The Shift of Sex".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other fairy tales include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belle-Belle_ou_Le_Chevalier_Fortun%C3%A9" title="Belle-Belle ou Le Chevalier Fortuné">Belle-Belle ou Le Chevalier Fortuné</a> (French <a href="/wiki/Literary_fairy_tale" title="Literary fairy tale">literary fairy tale</a> by MMe. d'Aulnoy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Belle-Etoile" title="Princess Belle-Etoile">Princess Belle-Etoile</a> (French literary fairy tale by MMe. d'Aulnoy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costanza_/_Costanzo" title="Costanza / Costanzo">Costanza / Costanzo</a> (Italian literary fairy tale by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Straparola" title="Giovanni Francesco Straparola">Giovanni Francesco Straparola</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Crowns" title="The Three Crowns">The Three Crowns</a> (Italian literary fairy tale by <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Basile" title="Giambattista Basile">Giambattista Basile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ileana_Simziana" title="Ileana Simziana">Ileana Simziana</a> (Romanian fairy tale)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Folktales" title="Italian Folktales">Fanta-ghirò, The Beautiful</a> (Italian folktale heroine) and her <a href="/wiki/Fantaghir%C3%B2_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantaghirò series">film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marya_Morevna" class="mw-redirect" title="Marya Morevna">Marya Morevna</a>, the warrior princess of the tale of <i><a href="/wiki/Koschei_the_Deathless" class="mw-redirect" title="Koschei the Deathless">Koschei the Deathless</a></i> (Russian fairy tale)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Princess in variants of <a href="/wiki/Aarne%E2%80%93Thompson%E2%80%93Uther_Index" title="Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index">Aarne–Thompson–Uther</a> ATU 551, "The Water of Life", where the hero quests for an object of the fairy/warrior princess (mirror, flower, fountain, etc.) and she goes after the prince with her army.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The female character of the tales classified as ATU 519, "The Strong Woman as Bride (Brunhilde)"</li> <li>The female hero of ATU tale type 300, "The Dragon-Slayer", in variants from Latin America<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_as_Soldier_(Russian_folktale)" title="The Girl as Soldier (Russian folktale)">The Girl as Soldier</a>, Russian tales about a girl in male disguise</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature,_film,_and_television"><span id="Literature.2C_film.2C_and_television"></span>Literature, film, and television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Literature, film, and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_female_action_heroes_and_villains" title="List of female action heroes and villains">List of female action heroes and villains</a></div> <p>Literary women warriors include "<a href="/wiki/Gordafarid" title="Gordafarid">Gordafarid</a>" (Persian: گردآفريد) in the ancient Persian epic poem <a href="/wiki/The_Sh%C4%81hn%C4%81meh" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shāhnāmeh">The Shāhnāmeh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhemma" title="Delhemma">Delhemma</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_epic_literature" title="Arabic epic literature">Arabic epic literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mulan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulan">Mulan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camilla_(mythology)" title="Camilla (mythology)">Camilla</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Belphoebe" title="Belphoebe">Belphoebe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomart</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene" title="The Faerie Queene">The Faerie Queene</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Bradamante" title="Bradamante">Bradamante</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marfisa" title="Marfisa">Marfisa</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Furioso" title="Orlando Furioso">Orlando Furioso</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Clorinda_(Jerusalem_Delivered)" title="Clorinda (Jerusalem Delivered)">Clorinda</a> and (reluctantly) Erminia in <i><a href="/wiki/La_Gerusalemme_liberata" class="mw-redirect" title="La Gerusalemme liberata">La Gerusalemme liberata</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Grendel%27s_mother" title="Grendel's mother">Grendel's mother</a>. </p><p>The woman warrior is part of a long tradition in many different cultures including Chinese and Japanese martial arts films, but their reach and appeal to Western audiences is possibly much more recent, coinciding with the greatly increased number of female heroes in American media since 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-Heinecken_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heinecken-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 136">: 136 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tasker_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tasker-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 25">: 25 </span></sup> Films have brought women warriors to the silver screen, such as in <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_(2004_film)" title="King Arthur (2004 film)"><i>King Arthur</i> (2004 film)</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/Keira_Knightley" title="Keira Knightley">Keira Knightley</a> plays heroine <a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a>, originally the love interest of King Arthur. In this iteration, Guinevere is portrayed as a warrior of equal strength as her male counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women warriors have also grown in recent years in part due to the popularity of comics and franchises inspired by them, most notably films by <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Studios" title="Marvel Studios">Marvel Studios</a> and films within the <a href="/wiki/DC_Extended_Universe" title="DC Extended Universe">DC Extended Universe</a>. Characters such as <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman" title="Wonder Woman">Wonder Woman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captain_Marvel_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Captain Marvel (Marvel Comics)">Captain Marvel</a>, Wasp, <a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(Natasha_Romanova)" title="Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)">Black Widow</a>, and, more recently, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Foster" title="Jane Foster">Jane Foster</a>, a female iteration of the hero Thor, originally were superheroines in popular DC and Marvel comics series, as well as others.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_feminism">In feminism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In feminism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Women warriors have been taken up as a symbol for feminist empowerment, emphasizing women's agency and capacity for power instead of the common pattern of female victim-hood.<sup id="cite_ref-Stringer_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stringer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 269">: 269 </span></sup> Professor Sherrie Inness in <i>Tough Girls: Women Warriors and Wonder Women in Popular Culture</i><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Frances Early and Kathleen Kennedy in <i>Athena's Daughters: Television's New Women Warriors</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example, focus on figures such as <a href="/wiki/Xena" title="Xena">Xena</a>, from the television series <i><a href="/wiki/Xena:_Warrior_Princess" title="Xena: Warrior Princess">Xena: Warrior Princess</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Buffy_Summers" title="Buffy Summers">Buffy Summers</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a></i>. In the introduction to their text, Early and Kennedy discuss what they describe as a link between the image of women warriors and <a href="/wiki/Girl_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Girl Power">girl power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violence">Violence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Violence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although there is a distinction between positive aggression and violence, fictional representations of female violence like <i><a href="/wiki/Kill_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Kill Bill">Kill Bill</a></i> still have the power to function positively, equipping women for real-life situations that require outward aggression.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavin_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavin-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 108, 237">: 108, 237 </span></sup> Beyond the individual level, fictional depictions of violence by women can be a political tool to draw attention to real-world issues of violence, such as the ongoing violence against Indigenous women.<sup id="cite_ref-Verstraten_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verstraten-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others say that a violent heroine undermines the feminist ethics against male violence, even when she is posited as a defender of women, for example in films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Candy_(film)" title="Hard Candy (film)">Hard Candy</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stringer_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stringer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 269">: 269 </span></sup> The 2020 film <i><a href="/wiki/Promising_Young_Woman" title="Promising Young Woman">Promising Young Woman</a></i> also explores the idea of a warrior woman railing against deadly sexual inequity, using either passive or active violence in order to restore some sense of justice to a world skewed towards sympathy for sexually violent men. Often the violence is only implicit, or threatened, and exists in juxtaposition to the film's pastel colour palette and stereotypically feminine aesthetic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Lists</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_warriors_in_folklore" title="List of women warriors in folklore">List of women warriors in folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_action_heroes_and_villains" title="List of female action heroes and villains">List of female action heroes and villains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_ancient_warfare" title="Women in ancient warfare">Women in ancient warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_post-classical_warfare" title="Women in post-classical warfare">Women in post-classical warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_warfare_(1500%E2%80%931699)" title="Women in warfare (1500–1699)">Women in warfare (1500–1699)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_warfare_and_the_military_in_the_19th_century" title="Women in warfare and the military in the 19th century">Women in warfare and the military in the 19th century</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related articles</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_and_gender" title="Media and gender">Media and gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birka_female_Viking_warrior" class="mw-redirect" title="Birka female Viking warrior">Birka female Viking warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterstereotype" title="Counterstereotype">Counterstereotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Fighter (disambiguation)">Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunoichi" title="Kunoichi">Kunoichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onna-musha" title="Onna-musha">Onna-musha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shieldmaiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Shieldmaiden">Shieldmaiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valkyrie" title="Valkyrie">Valkyrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virago" title="Virago">Virago</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Stringer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stringer_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stringer_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stringer_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStringer2011" class="citation book cs1">Stringer, Rebecca (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203152416-31/victim-vigilante-gender-violence-revenge-brave-one-2007-hard-candy-2005-rebecca-stringer">"From Victim to Vigilante: Gender, Violence, and Revenge in <i>The Brave One</i> (2007) and <i>Hard Candy</i> (2005)"</a>. In Radner, Hilary; Stringer, Rebecca (eds.). <i>Feminism at the Movies</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203152416">10.4324/9780203152416</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-15241-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-15241-6"><bdi>978-0-203-15241-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Victim+to+Vigilante%3A+Gender%2C+Violence%2C+and+Revenge+in+The+Brave+One+%282007%29+and+Hard+Candy+%282005%29&rft.btitle=Feminism+at+the+Movies&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203152416&rft.isbn=978-0-203-15241-6&rft.aulast=Stringer&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fedit%2F10.4324%2F9780203152416-31%2Fvictim-vigilante-gender-violence-revenge-brave-one-2007-hard-candy-2005-rebecca-stringer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForeman" class="citation web cs1">Foreman, Amanda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/amazon-women-there-any-truth-behind-myth-180950188/">"The Amazon Women: Is There Any Truth Behind the Myth?"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331171322/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/amazon-women-there-any-truth-behind-myth-180950188/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Amazon+Women%3A+Is+There+Any+Truth+Behind+the+Myth%3F&rft.aulast=Foreman&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Famazon-women-there-any-truth-behind-myth-180950188%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uchicago-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uchicago_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Moralia/Bravery_of_Women*/A.html">"Plutarch • On the Bravery of Women — Sections I‑XV"</a>. penelope.uchicago.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plutarch+%E2%80%A2+On+the+Bravery+of+Women+%E2%80%94+Sections+I%E2%80%91XV&rft.pub=penelope.uchicago.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FE%2FRoman%2FTexts%2FPlutarch%2FMoralia%2FBravery_of_Women%2A%2FA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlant,_I.M.2004" class="citation book cs1">Plant, I.M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uYGay_yqBLUC"><i>Women Writers of Ancient Greece and Rome: An Anthology</i></a>. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780806136219" title="Special:BookSources/9780806136219"><bdi>9780806136219</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Writers+of+Ancient+Greece+and+Rome%3A+An+Anthology&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780806136219&rft.au=Plant%2C+I.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuYGay_yqBLUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2020" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Patrick Scott, M. A. (30 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1783/scythian-women/">"Scythian Women"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007090355/https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1783/scythian-women/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Scythian+Women&rft.date=2020-06-30&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Patrick+Scott%2C+M.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2Farticle%2F1783%2Fscythian-women%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRashmi_Vajpayee" class="citation web cs1">Rashmi Vajpayee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianculturecivilization.blogspot.com/2020/08/discovering-forgotten-female-warriors.html?m=1">"Discovering the Forgotten Female Warriors of Mahabharata"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210711143710/https://indianculturecivilization.blogspot.com/2020/08/discovering-forgotten-female-warriors.html?m=1">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-07-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovering+the+Forgotten+Female+Warriors+of+Mahabharata&rft.au=Rashmi+Vajpayee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianculturecivilization.blogspot.com%2F2020%2F08%2Fdiscovering-forgotten-female-warriors.html%3Fm%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzmy,_Ahmed2017" class="citation web cs1">Azmy, Ahmed (7 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://raseef22.com/en/politics/2017/03/07/arab-women-war-battles-assassinations-army-leaders/">"Arab Women at War: Battles, Assassinations, and Army Leaders"</a>. Raseef22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421043358/http://raseef22.com/en/politics/2017/03/07/arab-women-war-battles-assassinations-army-leaders/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arab+Women+at+War%3A+Battles%2C+Assassinations%2C+and+Army+Leaders&rft.pub=Raseef22&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft.au=Azmy%2C+Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fraseef22.com%2Fen%2Fpolitics%2F2017%2F03%2F07%2Farab-women-war-battles-assassinations-army-leaders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006023243/http://www.islamophobiatoday.com/2014/03/12/15-important-muslim-women-in-history/">"15 Important Muslim Women in History"</a>. <i>Islamophobia Today</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamophobiatoday.com/2014/03/12/15-important-muslim-women-in-history/">the original</a> on 6 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Islamophobia+Today&rft.atitle=15+Important+Muslim+Women+in+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamophobiatoday.com%2F2014%2F03%2F12%2F15-important-muslim-women-in-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Joan-of-Arc">"Joan of Arc | Biography, Death, Accomplishments, & Facts"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190130222443/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Joan-of-Arc">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Joan+of+Arc+%7C+Biography%2C+Death%2C+Accomplishments%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSaint-Joan-of-Arc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/films/228-the-passion-of-joan-of-arc">"The Passion of Joan of Arc"</a>. <i>The Criterion Collection</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303032641/https://www.criterion.com/films/228-the-passion-of-joan-of-arc">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Criterion+Collection&rft.atitle=The+Passion+of+Joan+of+Arc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.criterion.com%2Ffilms%2F228-the-passion-of-joan-of-arc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gan Bao. <i>In Search of the Supernatural: The Written Record</i>, translated into English by Kenneth J. DeWoskin and James Irving Crump. Stanford University Press, 1996. pp. 230-231. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2506-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2506-3">0-8047-2506-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCh1990" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ch, Russell Maeth (1 September 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://estudiosdeasiayafrica.colmex.mx/index.php/eaa/article/view/1207">"El cuento de Li Ji"</a>. <i>Estudios de Asia y África</i> (in Spanish). <b>3</b> (83): 537–539. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40312235">40312235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211024073709/https://estudiosdeasiayafrica.colmex.mx/index.php/eaa/article/view/1207">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estudios+de+Asia+y+%C3%81frica&rft.atitle=El+cuento+de+Li+Ji&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=83&rft.pages=537-539&rft.date=1990-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40312235%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ch&rft.aufirst=Russell+Maeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Festudiosdeasiayafrica.colmex.mx%2Findex.php%2Feaa%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Journey of a Goddess: Chen Jinggu Subdues the Snake Demon</i>. Translated, edited, and with an introduction by Fan Pen Li Chen. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 2017. p. 31. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-14384-6-7078" title="Special:BookSources/978-14384-6-7078">978-14384-6-7078</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Idema, Wilt L. <i>Personal Salvation and Filial Piety: Two Precious Scroll Narratives of Guanyin and Her Acolytes</i>. University of Hawai'i Press. 2008. p. 205. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3215-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3215-5">978-0-8248-3215-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHe2000" class="citation thesis cs1">He, Saihanjula (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/1609/"><i>Critical Fantasies: Structure of Chinese Folk Tales</i></a> (Thesis). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303072527/https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/1609/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Critical+Fantasies%3A+Structure+of+Chinese+Folk+Tales&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Saihanjula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthekeep.eiu.edu%2Ftheses%2F1609%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTing1969" class="citation journal cs1">Ting, N.-T. (1969). "[Review of Folktales of China, by W. Eberhard]". <i>The Journal of American Folklore</i>. <b>82</b> (326): 381–384 [383]. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F539788">10.2307/539788</a>. <q>... China is perhaps the only nation that produced a female dragon-slayer, Li Chi, and a very ancient heroine at that!</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+Folklore&rft.atitle=%5BReview+of+Folktales+of+China%2C+by+W.+Eberhard%5D&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=326&rft.pages=381-384+383&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F539788&rft.aulast=Ting&rft.aufirst=N.-T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelpech1984" class="citation journal cs1">Delpech, François (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fcasa.1984.2419">"Essai d'identification d'un type de conte. Première partie. Le sauvage et la fille travestie"</a>. <i>Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 285–312. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fcasa.1984.2419">10.3406/casa.1984.2419</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9langes+de+la+Casa+de+Vel%C3%A1zquez&rft.atitle=Essai+d%27identification+d%27un+type+de+conte.+Premi%C3%A8re+partie.+Le+sauvage+et+la+fille+travestie.&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=285-312&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fcasa.1984.2419&rft.aulast=Delpech&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3406%252Fcasa.1984.2419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://classicalpoets.org/2018/09/23/the-ballad-of-mulan-a-rhyming-translation/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Ballad of Mulan': A Rhyming Translation"</a>. <i>Society of Classical Poets</i>. 2018-09-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129223117/https://classicalpoets.org/2018/09/23/the-ballad-of-mulan-a-rhyming-translation/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Society+of+Classical+Poets&rft.atitle=%27The+Ballad+of+Mulan%27%3A+A+Rhyming+Translation&rft.date=2018-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclassicalpoets.org%2F2018%2F09%2F23%2Fthe-ballad-of-mulan-a-rhyming-translation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKwaIdema2010" class="citation book cs1">Kwa, Shiamin; Idema, Wilt L. (2010-08-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fHzXt8AHyhIC"><i>Mulan: Five Versions of a Classic Chinese Legend, with Related Texts</i></a>. Hackett Publishing Company, Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60384-871-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60384-871-8"><bdi>978-1-60384-871-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mulan%3A+Five+Versions+of+a+Classic+Chinese+Legend%2C+with+Related+Texts&rft.pub=Hackett+Publishing+Company%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2010-08-13&rft.isbn=978-1-60384-871-8&rft.aulast=Kwa&rft.aufirst=Shiamin&rft.au=Idema%2C+Wilt+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfHzXt8AHyhIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyextra.com/period/ancient-history/real-history-mulan-who-what-looked-like-chinese-legend-disney-culture/">"Mulan: the history of the Chinese legend behind the film"</a>. <i>HistoryExtra</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226014856/https://www.historyextra.com/period/ancient-history/real-history-mulan-who-what-looked-like-chinese-legend-disney-culture/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HistoryExtra&rft.atitle=Mulan%3A+the+history+of+the+Chinese+legend+behind+the+film&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyextra.com%2Fperiod%2Fancient-history%2Freal-history-mulan-who-what-looked-like-chinese-legend-disney-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelpech1985" class="citation journal cs1">Delpech, François (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fcasa.1985.2446">"Essai d'identification d'un type de conte. Deuxième partie: Antoine, la princesse muette et l'amour médecin"</a>. <i>Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez</i>. <b>21</b> (1): 255–280. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fcasa.1985.2446">10.3406/casa.1985.2446</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9langes+de+la+Casa+de+Vel%C3%A1zquez&rft.atitle=Essai+d%27identification+d%27un+type+de+conte.+Deuxi%C3%A8me+partie%3A+Antoine%2C+la+princesse+muette+et+l%27amour+m%C3%A9decin.&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=255-280&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fcasa.1985.2446&rft.aulast=Delpech&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3406%252Fcasa.1985.2446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pedroso, Consiglieri. <i>Portuguese folk-tales</i>. London: E. Stock. 1882. pp. 53-59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, Stith. <i>The Folktale</i>. University of California Press. 1977. pp. 53-55. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520035379" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520035379">978-0520035379</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralston, William Ralston Shedden. <i>Russian fairy tales: a choice collection of Muscovite folk-lore</i>. New York: Pollard & Moss. 1887. p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooker1990" class="citation journal cs1">Hooker, Jessica (January 1990). 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New York: Peter Lang. 2010 [2004]. pp. 144—145. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-6769-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-6769-6">978-0-8204-6769-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBierhorst2019" class="citation book cs1">Bierhorst, John (2019). "Myths and Folktales in Latin America". <i>The Fairy Tale World</i>. pp. 199–209. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315108407-17">10.4324/9781315108407-17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315108407" title="Special:BookSources/9781315108407"><bdi>9781315108407</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:167043433">167043433</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Myths+and+Folktales+in+Latin+America&rft.btitle=The+Fairy+Tale+World&rft.pages=199-209&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A167043433%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315108407-17&rft.isbn=9781315108407&rft.aulast=Bierhorst&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heinecken-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heinecken_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawn2003" class="citation book cs1">Dawn, Heinecken (2003). <i>The Warrior Women of Television: A Feminist Cultural Analysis of the Female Body in Popular Media</i>. 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New York: Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spectacular+Bodies%3A+Gender%2C+Genre+and+the+Action+Cinema&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=Yvonne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaboury" class="citation news cs1">Gaboury, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/7129">"Women Warriors Are the Rage in Hollywood--But What Was the Truth?"</a>. <i>History News Network</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205075738/https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/7129">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+News+Network&rft.atitle=Women+Warriors+Are+the+Rage+in+Hollywood--But+What+Was+the+Truth%3F&rft.aulast=Gaboury&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistorynewsnetwork.org%2Farticle%2F7129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marvel.com/comics/discover/291/avenging-women">"Avenging Women | Avengers | Marvel Comic Reading Lists"</a>. <i>Marvel Entertainment</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607222645/https://www.marvel.com/comics/discover/291/avenging-women">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marvel+Entertainment&rft.atitle=Avenging+Women+%7C+Avengers+%7C+Marvel+Comic+Reading+Lists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marvel.com%2Fcomics%2Fdiscover%2F291%2Favenging-women&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/945.html">Tough Girls: Women Warriors and Wonder Women in Popular Culture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511062530/http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/945.html">Archived</a> 2008-05-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syracuseuniversitypress.syr.edu/spring-2003-catalog/athenas-daughters.html">Athena’s Daughters: Television’s New Women Warriors</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516075045/http://www.syracuseuniversitypress.syr.edu/spring-2003-catalog/athenas-daughters.html">Archived</a> 2008-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=238391094059727">"Book review"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070610211640/http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=238391094059727">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-net.org%2Freviews%2Fshowrev.cgi%3Fpath%3D238391094059727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lavin-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lavin_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavin2010" class="citation book cs1">Lavin, Maud (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pushcomestoshove0000lavi"><i>Push Comes to Shove: New Images of Aggressive Women</i></a></span>. London: MIT.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Push+Comes+to+Shove%3A+New+Images+of+Aggressive+Women&rft.place=London&rft.pub=MIT&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Lavin&rft.aufirst=Maud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpushcomestoshove0000lavi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Verstraten-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Verstraten_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerstraten2013" class="citation news cs1">Verstraten, Katelyn (22 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thetyee.ca/ArtsAndCulture/2013/06/22/Radical-Art/">"For Indigenous Women, Radical Art as a Last Resort"</a>. <i>The Tyee</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208154348/http://thetyee.ca/ArtsAndCulture/2013/06/22/Radical-Art/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tyee&rft.atitle=For+Indigenous+Women%2C+Radical+Art+as+a+Last+Resort&rft.date=2013-06-22&rft.aulast=Verstraten&rft.aufirst=Katelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthetyee.ca%2FArtsAndCulture%2F2013%2F06%2F22%2FRadical-Art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlvarez1998" class="citation news cs1">Alvarez, Maria (14 August 1998). "Feminist icon in a catsuit". <i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Feminist+icon+in+a+catsuit&rft.date=1998-08-14&rft.aulast=Alvarez&rft.aufirst=Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span> (female lead character <a href="/wiki/Emma_Peel" title="Emma Peel">Emma Peel</a> in defunct 1960s UK TV series <i>The Avengers</i>)</li> <li>Au, Wagner James. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/weekly/yeoh960722.html">Supercop as Woman Warrior</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000819070042/http://www.salon.com/weekly/yeoh960722.html">Archived</a> 2000-08-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon.com</a></i>.</li> <li>Barr, Marleen S. <i>Future Females, the Next Generation: New Voices and Velocities in Feminist Science Fiction Criticism.</i> Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton2001" class="citation journal cs1">Clayton, Sally Pomme (2001). "The woman Warrior: fact or tale". <i>Estudos de Literatura Oral</i> (7–8): 63–77. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10400.1%2F1440">10400.1/1440</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estudos+de+Literatura+Oral&rft.atitle=The+woman+Warrior%3A+fact+or+tale&rft.issue=7%E2%80%938&rft.pages=63-77&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10400.1%2F1440&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Sally+Pomme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannine_Davis-Kimball" title="Jeannine Davis-Kimball">Davis-Kimball, Jeannine</a>. <i>Warrior Women: An Archaeologist's Search for History's Hidden Heroines</i>. New York: Warner Books, 2001.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeCoste2009" class="citation book cs1">DeCoste, Mary-Michelle (2009). "Warrior Woman/Lovely Lady". <i>Hopeless Love: Boiardo, Ariosto, and Narratives of Queer Female Desire</i>. University of Toronto Press. pp. 23–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2F9781442697447">10.3138/9781442697447</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9684-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9684-5"><bdi>978-0-8020-9684-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/9781442697447.5.">10.3138/9781442697447.5.</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Warrior+Woman%2FLovely+Lady&rft.btitle=Hopeless+Love%3A+Boiardo%2C+Ariosto%2C+and+Narratives+of+Queer+Female+Desire&rft.pages=23-36&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.3138%2F9781442697447.5.%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2F9781442697447&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-9684-5&rft.aulast=DeCoste&rft.aufirst=Mary-Michelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelpech1998" class="citation journal cs1">Delpech, François (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/hispa_0007-4640_1998_num_100_1_4963.pdf">"Pilosités héroïques et femmes travesties : archéologie d'un stratagème"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bulletin Hispanique</i>. <b>100</b> (1): 131–164. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fhispa.1998.4963">10.3406/hispa.1998.4963</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170415170357/http://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/hispa_0007-4640_1998_num_100_1_4963.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-04-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+Hispanique&rft.atitle=Pilosit%C3%A9s+h%C3%A9ro%C3%AFques+et+femmes+travesties+%3A+arch%C3%A9ologie+d%27un+stratag%C3%A8me&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=131-164&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fhispa.1998.4963&rft.aulast=Delpech&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2FdocAsPDF%2Fhispa_0007-4640_1998_num_100_1_4963.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Deuber-Mankowsky, Astrid and Dominic J. Bonfiglio (Translator). <i>Lara Croft: Cyber Heroine</i>. Minneapolis: University Of Minnesota Press, 2005.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDugaw1986" class="citation journal cs1">Dugaw, Dianne M. (1986). "Structural Analysis of the Female Warrior Ballads: The Landscape of a World Turned Upside down". <i>Journal of Folklore Research</i>. <b>23</b> (1): 23–42. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3814479">3814479</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Folklore+Research&rft.atitle=Structural+Analysis+of+the+Female+Warrior+Ballads%3A+The+Landscape+of+a+World+Turned+Upside+down&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23-42&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3814479%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Dugaw&rft.aufirst=Dianne+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Early, Frances and Kathleen Kennedy, <i>Athena's Daughters: Television's New Women Warriors</i>, Syracuse University Press, 2003.</li> <li>Edwards, Louise. “Women Warriors and Amazons of the Mid Qing Texts Jinghua Yuan and Honglou Meng”. In: <i>Modern Asian Studies</i> 29, no. 2 (1995): 225–55. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/312812">http://www.jstor.org/stable/312812</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182231/https://www.jstor.org/stable/312812">Archived</a> 2022-07-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Garner, Jack. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rochestergoesout.com/mov/l/laracrsid.html">Strong women can be heroes, too</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071227081218/http://www.rochestergoesout.com/mov/l/laracrsid.html">Archived</a> 2007-12-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Democrat_and_Chronicle" title="Democrat and Chronicle">Democrat and Chronicle</a></i>. 15 June 2001.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenhill1995" class="citation journal cs1">Greenhill, Pauline (1995). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Neither a Man nor a Maid': Sexualities and Gendered Meanings in Cross-Dressing Ballads". <i>The Journal of American Folklore</i>. <b>108</b> (428): 156–177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F541377">10.2307/541377</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/541377">541377</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+Folklore&rft.atitle=%27Neither+a+Man+nor+a+Maid%27%3A+Sexualities+and+Gendered+Meanings+in+Cross-Dressing+Ballads&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=428&rft.pages=156-177&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F541377&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F541377%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Greenhill&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Heinecken, Dawn. <i>Warrior Women of Television: A Feminist Cultural Analysis of the New Female Body in Popular Media</i>, New York: P. Lang, 2003.</li> <li>Hopkins, Susan, <i><a href="/wiki/Girl_Heroes" title="Girl Heroes">Girl Heroes: the New Force in Popular Culture</a></i>, Pluto Press Australia, 2002.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInfante2017" class="citation book cs1">Infante, Joyce Rodrigues Ferraz (2017). "Revisitando o tema da donzela-guerreira em Grande sertão: veredas". In Rivas Hernández, Ascensión (ed.). <i>João Guimarães Rosa: Un exiliado del lenguaje común</i>. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. pp. 205–224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-9012-766-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-9012-766-7"><bdi>978-84-9012-766-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1z27gt1.14">j.ctt1z27gt1.14</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1027200292">1027200292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Revisitando+o+tema+da+donzela-guerreira+em+Grande+sert%C3%A3o%3A+veredas&rft.btitle=Jo%C3%A3o+Guimar%C3%A3es+Rosa%3A+Un+exiliado+del+lenguaje+com%C3%BAn&rft.pages=205-224&rft.pub=Ediciones+Universidad+de+Salamanca&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1027200292&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1z27gt1.14%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-84-9012-766-7&rft.aulast=Infante&rft.aufirst=Joyce+Rodrigues+Ferraz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Inness, Sherrie A. (ed.) <i>Action Chicks: New Images of Tough Women in Popular Culture</i>, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.</li> <li>Inness, Sherrie A. <i>Tough Girls: Women Warriors and Wonder Women in Popular Culture</i>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarlyn2009" class="citation book cs1">Karlyn, Kathleen Rowe (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E1XamjDWjnwC&pg=PA177">"<i>Scream</i>, Popular Culture, and Feminism's Third Wave: 'I'm Not My Mother'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. In Addison, Heather; Goodwin-Kelly, Mary Kate; Roth, Elaine (eds.). <i>Motherhood Misconceived: Representing the Maternal in U.S. Films</i>. SUNY Press. pp. 177–196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-2815-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-2815-4"><bdi>978-1-4384-2815-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225191758/https://books.google.com/books?id=E1XamjDWjnwC&pg=PA177">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-02-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scream%2C+Popular+Culture%2C+and+Feminism%27s+Third+Wave%3A+%27I%27m+Not+My+Mother%27&rft.btitle=Motherhood+Misconceived%3A+Representing+the+Maternal+in+U.S.+Films&rft.pages=177-196&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-2815-4&rft.aulast=Karlyn&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+Rowe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE1XamjDWjnwC%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Karras, Irene. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thirdspace.ca/articles/karras.htm">The Third Wave's Final Girl: Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050620082403/http://www.thirdspace.ca/articles/karras.htm">Archived</a> 2005-06-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i>thirdspace</i> 1:2 (March 2002).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2002" class="citation journal cs1">Kennedy, Helen W. (December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamestudies.org/0202/kennedy/">"Lara Croft: Feminist Icon or Cyberbimbo? 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"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnt.tv/title/?oid=342634-3761">Girls with Gauntlets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218145946/http://www.tnt.tv/title/?oid=342634-3761">Archived</a> 2012-02-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Turner_Network_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Turner Network Television">Turner Network Television</a></i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarano2002" class="citation news cs1">Marano, Hara Estroff (2 November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/articles/200211/case-catch-22">"A Case of Catch-22"</a>. <i>Psychology Today</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychology+Today&rft.atitle=A+Case+of+Catch-22&rft.date=2002-11-02&rft.aulast=Marano&rft.aufirst=Hara+Estroff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fintl%2Farticles%2F200211%2Fcase-catch-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+warriors+in+literature+and+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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