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帝辛:修订间差异 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=spontaneous&amp;uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E5%B8%9D%E8%BE%9B&amp;returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D77376701" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E5%B8%9D%E8%BE%9B&amp;returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D77376701" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生平-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生平子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-幼年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#幼年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>幼年</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-幼年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-继位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#继位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>继位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-继位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-武王伐纣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#武王伐纣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>武王伐纣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-武王伐纣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-家族關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#家族關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>家族關係</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-家族關係-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关家族關係子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-家族關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-家庭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#家庭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>家庭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-家庭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-仅封神演义记载的家庭人物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#仅封神演义记载的家庭人物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>仅封神演义记载的家庭人物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-仅封神演义记载的家庭人物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文献与考古研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文献与考古研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>文献与考古研究</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文献与考古研究-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文献与考古研究子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文献与考古研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-对暴虐记载的质疑" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对暴虐记载的质疑"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>对暴虐记载的质疑</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对暴虐记载的质疑-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关文物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关文物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>相关文物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关文物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-评价" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#评价"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>评价</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-评价-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-後世創作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#後世創作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>後世創作</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-後世創作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影视错误" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影视错误"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>影视错误</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影视错误-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電影" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電影"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>電影</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電影-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電視劇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電視劇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>電視劇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電視劇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脚注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脚注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>脚注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脚注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">帝辛:修订间差异</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。34种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دی شین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دی شین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Шан Чжоу – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шан Чжоу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rei_Zhou_de_Shang" title="Rei Zhou de Shang – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rei Zhou de Shang" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AAu-u%C3%B2ng" title="Dêu-uòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dêu-uòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%DA%98%DB%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پاشا ژۆوی شانگ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاشا ژۆوی شانگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Xin" title="Di Xin – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Di Xin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A4%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Βασιλέας Τσόου των Σανγκ – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασιλέας Τσόου των Σανγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Zhou_of_Shang" title="King Zhou of Shang – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="King Zhou of Shang" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Xin" title="Di Xin – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Di Xin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دی شین – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دی شین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Xin" title="Di Xin – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Di Xin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti_Hszin" title="Ti Hszin – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ti Hszin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Xin" title="Di Xin – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Di Xin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_Di_Xin" title="Shang Di Xin – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shang Di Xin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E8%BE%9B" title="帝辛 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="帝辛" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%8B%A0" title="제신 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제신" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheus" title="Cheus – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cheus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Xin" title="Di Xin – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Di Xin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Xin" title="Di Xin – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Di Xin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rei_Zhou_de_Shang" title="Rei Zhou de Shang – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rei Zhou de Shang" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Ди Синь – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ди Синь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeng_Zhou_o_Shang" title="Keeng Zhou o Shang – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Keeng Zhou o Shang" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kralj_Zhou_od_Shanga" title="Kralj Zhou od Shanga – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kralj Zhou od Shanga" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_%C5%A0in" title="Di Šin – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Di Šin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Xin" title="Di Xin – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Di Xin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7" title="พระเจ้าชางโจ้ว – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าชางโจ้ว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haring_Zhou_ng_Shang" title="Haring Zhou ng Shang – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Haring Zhou ng Shang" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Xin" title="Di Xin – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Di Xin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Шан Чжоу – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шан Чжоу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A5_V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Trụ Vương – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trụ Vương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" 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title="Wikipedia:註腳">参考文献语法出错</a>或被移除</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-disambiguator-link-added"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义">消歧义</a>連結</span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%9D%E8%BE%9B&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=77376701" title="帝辛" id="differences-nextlink">下一版本→</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第20行:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第20行:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>'''帝辛'''({{bd|?||前1046年?||catIdx=Z子}}),子姓,殷氏之始,名'''受''',一名'''受德'''{{noteTag|1= 據《[[中華通史]]》第一冊,[[章嶔]]著}},後史隨從周人稱他為'''紂王'''、'''商紂王'''、'''殷紂王''',是“[[商朝|大邑商]]”最後一代的君主。[[夏商周断代工程]]認為他在前1075年至前1046年在位。</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>'''帝辛'''({{bd|?||前1046年?||catIdx=Z子}}),子姓,殷氏之始,名'''受''',一名'''受德'''{{noteTag|1= 據《[[中華通史]]》第一冊,[[章嶔]]著}},後史隨從周人稱他為'''紂王'''、'''商紂王'''、'''殷紂王''',是“[[商朝|大邑商]]”最後一代的君主。[[夏商周断代工程]]認為他在前1075年至前1046年在位。</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{fact|帝辛非常重視[[農業]]和生產力發展,實施社會變革,使其国力强盛。}}在位期间,他持續对东南方的[[人方]]([[东夷]])用兵,直至徹底擊敗,使商疆域擴至[[江淮]]一带。由於戰爭持久導致國內空虛,使一向俯伏、自稱“小邦周”的<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">西伯發</del>乘機联合西方各[[方国]]一同伐商。在史稱[[牧野之战]]中,商軍夜遭偷襲而敗,帝辛玉衣[[自焚]]以成“天命”,“[[大邑商]]”從此退出歷史舞臺&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{fact|帝辛非常重視[[農業]]和生產力發展,實施社會變革,使其国力强盛。}}在位期间,他持續对东南方的[[人方]]([[东夷]])用兵,直至徹底擊敗,使商疆域擴至[[江淮]]一带。由於戰爭持久導致國內空虛,使一向俯伏、自稱“小邦周”的<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">武王</ins>乘機联合西方各[[方国]]一同伐商。在史稱[[牧野之战]]中,商軍夜遭偷襲而敗,帝辛玉衣[[自焚]]以成“天命”,“[[大邑商]]”從此退出歷史舞臺&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>|title=商纣王帝辛</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>|title=商纣王帝辛</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>|url=http://www.todayonhistory.com/people/201506/9629.html</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>|url=http://www.todayonhistory.com/people/201506/9629.html</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第74行:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第74行:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[周朝]]灭商以后,纣王与[[夏桀]]一起被当作是暴君的典型,不过近年以来有不少人对此提出怀疑。</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[周朝]]灭商以后,纣王与[[夏桀]]一起被当作是暴君的典型,不过近年以来有不少人对此提出怀疑。</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">关于</del>[[比干]]之死<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del>[[夏商周斷代工程]]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">等</del>研究<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">指</del>出<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">其</del>存<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">在</del>疑<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">点。如</del>比干<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">以</del>諫言而死是到[[春秋時期]]才有紀載,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">被商纣王所杀和挖心则是战国晚期的寓言中才出现的说法,距离商末</del>已相隔甚遠<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">;《[[楚辞·天问]]》则认为比干是投水而死。&lt;ref name=“tianwen”&gt;《楚辞·天问》:“比干何逆</del>,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">而抑沉之。”,《楚辞》,中华书局出版社,2019年.&lt;/ref&gt;</del>&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.hunantv.com/v/5/1137/f/258573.html |title=湖南衛視-商纣王的历史真面目 |access-date=2015-08-23 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050300/http://www.hunantv.com/v/5/1137/f/258573.html |dead-url=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;諸多文獻表明<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del>隨著歷史推演<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,对</del>紂王<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">行为</del>的描述<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">显得</del>越來越殘暴,新增的情節也越多,[[炮烙|炮烙之刑]]詳細紀載為[[夏桀]]發明,後不知怎麼也成了紂王,不能排除後人醜化的可能。</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[比干]]之死[[夏商周斷代工程]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">的深入</ins>研究<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">發現與史記上紀載有</ins>出<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">入的證據逐漸增多,現</ins>存<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[比干]]墓寺廟中碑文有顯示其比紂王還晚死十多年,不可能是紂王所殺,此一證據不能說是鐵證,但已經構成懷</ins>疑<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">探討點,而所謂</ins>比干諫言而死是到[[春秋時期]]才有紀載,已相隔甚遠,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.hunantv.com/v/5/1137/f/258573.html |title=湖南衛視-商纣王的历史真面目 |access-date=2015-08-23 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050300/http://www.hunantv.com/v/5/1137/f/258573.html |dead-url=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">且</ins>諸多文獻表明隨著歷史推演紂王的描述越來越殘暴,新增的情節也越多,[[炮烙|炮烙之刑]]詳細紀載為[[夏桀]]發明,後不知怎麼也成了紂王,不能排除後人醜化的可能<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">。到了戰國時期又有了[[屈原]]的說法比干其實是投水而死。但該工程成果報告簡本發表後,其結論和方法引起國內外學術界的不少質疑,因此最終的報告繁本未能獲得通過</ins>。</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>《[[史記]]》记载,帝辛“知足以拒諫,言足以飾非”;又說他“好酒淫樂,{{ruby|嬖|-{zh-tw:ㄅㄧˋ; zh-cn:bì}-}}于婦人{{noteTag|1= 意思是宠信[[妲己]],建立[[酒池肉林]]}},以酒為池,懸肉為林,使男女裸相逐其間,為長夜之飲”;為人凶殘成性;殺害忠臣义士,如其叔父[[比干]];囚禁异己,如[[西伯昌]]被幽禁{{ruby|羑|-{zh-tw:ㄧㄡˇ; zh-cn:yoû}-}}里(今河南[[湯陰]])七年之久。他為了觀察胎兒,竟殘忍地讓人剖開孕婦的肚子。他想知道冬天光腳過河的農夫為什麼不怕冷,竟叫人砍掉他的雙腳。{{noteTag|1=《[[呂氏春秋]].貴直論.過理》:“糟丘酒池,肉圃為格,雕柱而桔諸侯,不適也。刑鬼侯之女而取其環,截涉者脛而視其髓,殺梅伯而遺文王其醢,不適也。文王貌受,以告諸侯。作為琁室,築為頃宮,剖孕婦而觀其化,殺比干而視其心,不適也。” }}《[[战国策]]》记载“昔者鬼侯、鄂侯、文王,纣之三公也。鬼侯有23子而好,故入之于纣,纣以为恶,[[醢刑|{{ruby|醢|-{zh-tw:ㄏㄞˇ; zh-cn:hǎi}-}}]]鬼侯;鄂侯争之急,辨之疾,故脯侯;文王闻之,喟然而叹,故拘之于牖里之库百日,而欲令之死。”</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>《[[史記]]》记载,帝辛“知足以拒諫,言足以飾非”;又說他“好酒淫樂,{{ruby|嬖|-{zh-tw:ㄅㄧˋ; zh-cn:bì}-}}于婦人{{noteTag|1= 意思是宠信[[妲己]],建立[[酒池肉林]]}},以酒為池,懸肉為林,使男女裸相逐其間,為長夜之飲”;為人凶殘成性;殺害忠臣义士,如其叔父[[比干]];囚禁异己,如[[西伯昌]]被幽禁{{ruby|羑|-{zh-tw:ㄧㄡˇ; zh-cn:yoû}-}}里(今河南[[湯陰]])七年之久。他為了觀察胎兒,竟殘忍地讓人剖開孕婦的肚子。他想知道冬天光腳過河的農夫為什麼不怕冷,竟叫人砍掉他的雙腳。{{noteTag|1=《[[呂氏春秋]].貴直論.過理》:“糟丘酒池,肉圃為格,雕柱而桔諸侯,不適也。刑鬼侯之女而取其環,截涉者脛而視其髓,殺梅伯而遺文王其醢,不適也。文王貌受,以告諸侯。作為琁室,築為頃宮,剖孕婦而觀其化,殺比干而視其心,不適也。” }}《[[战国策]]》记载“昔者鬼侯、鄂侯、文王,纣之三公也。鬼侯有23子而好,故入之于纣,纣以为恶,[[醢刑|{{ruby|醢|-{zh-tw:ㄏㄞˇ; zh-cn:hǎi}-}}]]鬼侯;鄂侯争之急,辨之疾,故脯侯;文王闻之,喟然而叹,故拘之于牖里之库百日,而欲令之死。”</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第85行:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第85行:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>===对暴虐记载的质疑===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>===对暴虐记载的质疑===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">早在古代,就有少数学者对桀纣的罪状持怀疑态度,例如东汉的[[王充]]在《[[论衡]]》中就认为“[[酒池肉林]]”之说并不可信,[[南宋]]的[[罗泌]]在《[[路史]]》中也认为桀纣的罪状大多相似,而梳理各类文献后认为存在增衍、夸大的情况。&lt;ref&gt;王充《论衡·语增》: 令池在深室之中,则三千人宜临池坐,前俛饮池酒,仰食肴膳,倡乐在前,乃为乐耳。如审临池而坐,则前饮害于肴膳,倡乐之作不得在前。夫饮食既不以礼,临池牛饮,则其啖肴不复用杯,亦宜就鱼肉而虎食。则知夫酒池牛饮非其实也。&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;(南宋)罗泌《路史》,北京图书馆出版社,2003年&lt;/ref&gt;随着对商周时期研究的不断深入与[[甲骨文]]、[[青铜器]]等地下史料的发掘出土,近现代学界质疑帝辛“暴虐”记载的声音越来越大。据考证,</del>在西周时期的文献中,所宣扬的帝辛的形象虽然负面,但却并没有实质残暴的内容,《尚书·牧誓》中列举的商纣王的罪状只有六条,分别是听妇人的话、不用亲戚为官、任用逃犯为官、不认真祭祀、[[酗酒]]和相信自己[[天命|有命在天]],[[周康王]]时期的[[大盂鼎]]也认为商朝灭亡的主要原因只是将领酗酒误事。而对于这些罪状,例如[[商朝]]晚期墓葬中的明器越来越多见,用于祭祀的器物则越来越少见,明显有“薄葬化”的趋势,且从[[祖甲]]实行[[周祭]]改革以后,更多采用谷物祭祀和舞蹈祭祀,祭祀中用人和用牲逐渐越来越少,祭祀仪式流程也愈发简化,商朝末期[[人牲]]和[[人殉]]比较少见。&lt;ref&gt;徐明波, 彭裕商. 殷墟黄组卜辞断代研究[J]. 中国史研究, 2007(2):13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;江雨德《国之大事:商代晚期中的礼制改良》,唐际根主编《殷墟与商文化(殷墟科学发掘80周年纪念文集)》,科学出版社,2011年11月&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;郜向平. 商墓中的毁器习俗与明器化现象[J]. 考古与文物, 2010(1):8.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=“chutan”&gt;许莉莉. 清华简所见商末周初史事初探[D]. 烟台大学.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="zaishenshi"&gt;李娜. 帝辛行为再审视[J]. 沧州师范学院学报, 2015(03):62-66.&lt;/ref&gt;此后周人作为后进性民族,吸收并继承了商人和东夷的腰坑殉狗和[[人祭]][[人殉]]等习俗,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">又由于</del>[[神道设教]]的需要,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[人祭]][[人殉]]</del>习俗仍然在各个诸侯国保持了数百年以上,因此商纣王不认真祭祀在当时背景下反而是比较进步的表现,而周人自然会指责其“不肯事上帝鬼神”、“昏弃厥肆祀,弗答”。&lt;ref name=“chutan”/&gt;&lt;ref name="zaishenshi"/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;黄展岳《中国古代的人牲人殉问题》,《考古》1987年02期&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;黄展岳《中国古代的人牲人殉新资料概述》,《考古》1996年12期&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;张诒三. 《论语》"先进于礼乐"章索解[J]. 齐鲁学刊, 2019(4):9.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;王志友. 商周时期的腰坑葬俗[J]. 华中科技大学学报:社会科学版, 2006, 20(6):6.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;曾宝栋, 杨杨. 浅谈商周时期墓葬中腰坑的功能和意义[J]. 殷都学刊, 2017, 38(3):6.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;刘源. 周承殷制的新证据及其启示[J]. 历史研究, 2016(2):16.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;曹斌. 恭懿之际西周国家的转型[J]. 中国人民大学学报, 2017(3).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;胡剑. 从《左传》看春秋人殉制度的演变[J]. 昭通学院学报, 2018, 40(4):4.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;翟胜利. 西周金文与献俘礼[J]. 文物春秋, 2010(6):4.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;孙庆伟. 祭祀还是盟誓:北赵和羊舌晋侯墓地祭祀坑性质新论[J]. 中国国家博物馆馆刊, 2012(5):15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;邹芙都, 余霞. 西周黎国政治军事地位及姻亲关系初探[J]. 史学集刊, 2017(3):10.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/328348627_120242827?spm=smpc.author.fd-d.2.16419835048882jIFTr1 |title=晋国: 综述——山西倗伯霸伯墓与河南淅川楚墓新解系列 |access-date=2022-01-12 |archive-date=2022-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222053319/https://www.sohu.com/a/328348627_120242827?spm=smpc.author.fd-d.2.16419835048882jIFTr1 }}&lt;/ref&gt;且商代只祭祀祖先神和自然神,“天帝”只表现为自然性,周代出于[[神道设教]]祭祀天帝,因此[[清华简]]《系年》第一章会指责商纣王“不恭上帝”。&lt;ref name="chao1"&gt;晁福林《论殷代神权》,《中国社会科学》1990年第1期&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="chao2"&gt;晁福林《先秦社会最高权力的变迁及其影响因素》,《中国社会科学》2015年第2期&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="chao3"&gt;晁福林《说商代的“天”和“帝”》,《史学集刊》2016年第3期&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;《清华简·繫年》:昔周武王监观商王之不恭上帝,禋祀不寅,乃作帝籍,以登祀上帝天神,名之曰千亩,以克反商邑,敷政天下。&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;谢乃和,付瑞珣《从清华简《系年》看“千亩之战”及相关问题》&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;雷晓鹏:从清华简《系年》看周宣王“不籍千亩”的真相,《农业考古》,2014,(4)&lt;/ref&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">雖然殷周時代都存在由婦女擔任的官職,如「世婦」可掌管祭祀、賓客等禮儀,受國君尊崇&lt;ref&gt;《禮記》曲禮下:「天子有后,有夫人,有世婦,有嬪,有妾。天子建天官,先六大,曰:大宰,大宗,大史,大祝,大士,大卜,典司六典。」鄭玄注:「此蓋殷時制也。」孔穎達疏:「此一節總論立男官女官之事。……記者之言,不可一依周禮,或可雜夏殷</del>而<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">言之。」&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;《[[周礼]]·天官·冢宰》:「世婦:掌祭祀、賓客、喪紀之事,帥女宮而濯摡,為粢盛。及祭之日,蒞陳女宮之具,凡內羞之物。掌吊臨于卿大夫之喪。」&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;《禮記》曲禮下:「國君不名卿老、世婦,大夫不名世臣、姪娣,士不名家相、長妾。」&lt;/ref&gt;,但據</del>陈曦、张懋镕、王奇伟、王晖、王瑞英、杜芳琴、何敏、耿超、谢乃和等众多学者<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">研究</del>,西周女性的整体地位相对于商朝大幅下降,主张“妇无公事<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del>休其蚕织”而相对将妇女被排斥于军政事务之外,并开始趋于伦理保守和[[礼教]]束缚,这是《尚书·牧誓》中[[周武王]]指责商纣王“惟妇人言是用”、“牝鸡之晨”的缘由,同样也是后世[[儒家]]排斥[[性开放]]的“[[郑卫之音]]”并将其视为“纣俗”的原因。&lt;ref name=“chutan”/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;陈曦. 从甲骨文,铜器铭文看商周时期女性的地位[J]. 中国文化研究, 2007(2):150-154.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;张懋镕. 商周之际女性地位的变迁——商周文化比较研究之二[J]. 西部考古, 2007(1):21.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;王奇伟. 从"牝鸡之晨"现象看商代妇女的社会地位[J]. 殷都学刊, 2000(3):5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="bijiao"&gt;王晖《商周文化比较研究》&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;王瑞英. 从甲骨文金文看商周妇女地位的变化及原因[J]. 求索, 2008(6):3.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;杨宝成《殷墟文化研究》&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;杜芳琴. 商周性别制度与贵族妇女地位之比较[J]. 山西师大学报:社会科学版, 1998(4):7.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;何敏. 商周贵族妇女地位变迁初探[D]. 四川大学, 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;耿超. 性别视角下的商周婚姻,家族与政治[D]. 南开大学, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;谢乃和. 试论商周时期贵族妇女地位的两次转型[J]. 北方论丛, 2008(1):5.&lt;/ref&gt;商代方国联盟为主的制度下,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">政治組織不甚嚴密,儘管商代存在管理、徵集兵眾之行為,如[[甲骨文]]中有“登人”、“登众”之句,但整體</del>政治组织形式<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">仍</del>较为松散,诸侯中常有犯人逃往他国,别国逃犯有时则被商王任用;而周代政治组织严密,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">如《[[周禮]]》有“司民”之官,“掌登萬民之數,自生齒以上,皆書於版”;</del>早在[[周文王]]就已实行“有亡荒阅<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">”,即</del>在全天下搜捕逃犯,将抓到的逃犯归还给各国,因此获取了部分西土诸侯的支持,周人便在《牧誓》中指责帝辛“乃惟四方之多罪逋逃,是崇是长,是信是使,是以为大夫卿士”。&lt;ref name="bijiao"/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;常金仓. "夷夏之辨"与"以德怀远"说[J]. 陕西师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版, 1997(1):6.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;吉家友. 国人与野人界限的消失[J]. 信阳师范学院学报:哲学社会科学版, 2015, 35(5):5.&lt;/ref&gt;不用亲戚为官则是商纣王打击守旧派贵族的手段,酗酒则是商朝一直以来的传统。&lt;ref name="zaishenshi"/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;王奇伟. 从"人惟求旧"到"殷不用旧"——对商代王权与族权关系的考察[J]. 徐州师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版, 2001, 27(4):4.&lt;/ref&gt;“[[天命]]”则是争议较大的话题,部分学者如[[晁福林]]等认为[[商朝]]并没有后世的决定朝代兴亡命运的“天命观”,《商书》中的“天命”实际上是“祖宗之命(祖先神的在天之灵能保佑和弃绝自己的生命)”,按这种理解则是帝辛虽然不认真祭祀祖先,却始终相信祖先的在天之灵不会弃绝自己。&lt;ref name="chao1"/&gt;&lt;ref name="chao2"/&gt;&lt;ref name="chao3"/&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>在西周时期的文献中,所宣扬的帝辛的形象虽然负面,但却并没有实质残暴的内容,《尚书·牧誓》中列举的商纣王的罪状只有六条,分别是听妇人的话、不用亲戚为官、任用逃犯为官、不认真祭祀、[[酗酒]]和相信自己[[天命|有命在天]],[[周康王]]时期的[[大盂鼎]]也认为商朝灭亡的主要原因只是将领酗酒误事。而对于这些罪状,例如[[商朝]]晚期墓葬中的明器越来越多见,用于祭祀的器物则越来越少见,明显有“薄葬化”的趋势,且从[[祖甲]]实行[[周祭]]改革以后,更多采用谷物祭祀和舞蹈祭祀,祭祀中用人和用牲逐渐越来越少,祭祀仪式流程也愈发简化,商朝末期[[人牲]]和[[人殉]]比较少见。&lt;ref&gt;徐明波, 彭裕商. 殷墟黄组卜辞断代研究[J]. 中国史研究, 2007(2):13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;江雨德《国之大事:商代晚期中的礼制改良》,唐际根主编《殷墟与商文化(殷墟科学发掘80周年纪念文集)》,科学出版社,2011年11月&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;郜向平. 商墓中的毁器习俗与明器化现象[J]. 考古与文物, 2010(1):8.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=“chutan”&gt;许莉莉. 清华简所见商末周初史事初探[D]. 烟台大学.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="zaishenshi"&gt;李娜. 帝辛行为再审视[J]. 沧州师范学院学报, 2015(03):62-66.&lt;/ref&gt;此后周人作为后进性民族,吸收并继承了商人和东夷的腰坑殉狗和[[人祭]][[人殉]]等习俗,<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">以及</ins>[[神道设教]]的需要,<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">这两种</ins>习俗仍然在各个诸侯国保持了数百年以上,因此商纣王不认真祭祀在当时背景下反而是比较进步的表现,而周人自然会指责其“不肯事上帝鬼神”、“昏弃厥肆祀,弗答”。&lt;ref name=“chutan”/&gt;&lt;ref name="zaishenshi"/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;黄展岳《中国古代的人牲人殉问题》,《考古》1987年02期&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;黄展岳《中国古代的人牲人殉新资料概述》,《考古》1996年12期&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;张诒三. 《论语》"先进于礼乐"章索解[J]. 齐鲁学刊, 2019(4):9.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;王志友. 商周时期的腰坑葬俗[J]. 华中科技大学学报:社会科学版, 2006, 20(6):6.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;曾宝栋, 杨杨. 浅谈商周时期墓葬中腰坑的功能和意义[J]. 殷都学刊, 2017, 38(3):6.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;刘源. 周承殷制的新证据及其启示[J]. 历史研究, 2016(2):16.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;曹斌. 恭懿之际西周国家的转型[J]. 中国人民大学学报, 2017(3).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;胡剑. 从《左传》看春秋人殉制度的演变[J]. 昭通学院学报, 2018, 40(4):4.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;翟胜利. 西周金文与献俘礼[J]. 文物春秋, 2010(6):4.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;孙庆伟. 祭祀还是盟誓:北赵和羊舌晋侯墓地祭祀坑性质新论[J]. 中国国家博物馆馆刊, 2012(5):15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;邹芙都, 余霞. 西周黎国政治军事地位及姻亲关系初探[J]. 史学集刊, 2017(3):10.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/328348627_120242827?spm=smpc.author.fd-d.2.16419835048882jIFTr1 |title=晋国: 综述——山西倗伯霸伯墓与河南淅川楚墓新解系列 |access-date=2022-01-12 |archive-date=2022-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222053319/https://www.sohu.com/a/328348627_120242827?spm=smpc.author.fd-d.2.16419835048882jIFTr1 }}&lt;/ref&gt;且商代只祭祀祖先神和自然神,“天帝”只表现为自然性,周代出于[[神道设教]]祭祀天帝,因此[[清华简]]《系年》第一章会指责商纣王“不恭上帝”。&lt;ref name="chao1"&gt;晁福林《论殷代神权》,《中国社会科学》1990年第1期&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="chao2"&gt;晁福林《先秦社会最高权力的变迁及其影响因素》,《中国社会科学》2015年第2期&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="chao3"&gt;晁福林《说商代的“天”和“帝”》,《史学集刊》2016年第3期&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;《清华简·繫年》:昔周武王监观商王之不恭上帝,禋祀不寅,乃作帝籍,以登祀上帝天神,名之曰千亩,以克反商邑,敷政天下。&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;谢乃和,付瑞珣《从清华简《系年》看“千亩之战”及相关问题》&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;雷晓鹏:从清华简《系年》看周宣王“不籍千亩”的真相,《农业考古》,2014,(4)&lt;/ref&gt;而陈曦、张懋镕、王奇伟、王晖、王瑞英、杜芳琴、何敏、耿超、谢乃和等众多学者<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">都认为</ins>,西周女性的整体地位相对于商朝大幅下降,主张“妇无公事<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</ins>休其蚕织”而相对将妇女被排斥于军政事务之外,并开始趋于伦理保守和[[礼教]]束缚,这是《尚书·牧誓》中[[周武王]]指责商纣王“惟妇人言是用”、“牝鸡之晨”的缘由,同样也是后世[[儒家]]排斥[[性开放]]的“[[郑卫之音]]”并将其视为“纣俗”的原因。&lt;ref name=“chutan”/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;陈曦. 从甲骨文,铜器铭文看商周时期女性的地位[J]. 中国文化研究, 2007(2):150-154.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;张懋镕. 商周之际女性地位的变迁——商周文化比较研究之二[J]. 西部考古, 2007(1):21.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;王奇伟. 从"牝鸡之晨"现象看商代妇女的社会地位[J]. 殷都学刊, 2000(3):5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="bijiao"&gt;王晖《商周文化比较研究》&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;王瑞英. 从甲骨文金文看商周妇女地位的变化及原因[J]. 求索, 2008(6):3.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;杨宝成《殷墟文化研究》&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;杜芳琴. 商周性别制度与贵族妇女地位之比较[J]. 山西师大学报:社会科学版, 1998(4):7.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;何敏. 商周贵族妇女地位变迁初探[D]. 四川大学, 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;耿超. 性别视角下的商周婚姻,家族与政治[D]. 南开大学, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;谢乃和. 试论商周时期贵族妇女地位的两次转型[J]. 北方论丛, 2008(1):5.&lt;/ref&gt;商代方国联盟为主的制度下,政治组织形式较为松散,诸侯中常有犯人逃往他国,别国逃犯有时则被商王任用;而周代政治组织严密,早在[[周文王]]就已实行“有亡荒阅<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">”</ins>在全天下搜捕逃犯,将抓到的逃犯归还给各国,因此获取了部分西土诸侯的支持,周人便在《牧誓》中指责帝辛“乃惟四方之多罪逋逃,是崇是长,是信是使,是以为大夫卿士”。&lt;ref name="bijiao"/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;常金仓. "夷夏之辨"与"以德怀远"说[J]. 陕西师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版, 1997(1):6.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;吉家友. 国人与野人界限的消失[J]. 信阳师范学院学报:哲学社会科学版, 2015, 35(5):5.&lt;/ref&gt;不用亲戚为官则是商纣王打击守旧派贵族的手段,酗酒则是商朝一直以来的传统。&lt;ref name="zaishenshi"/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;王奇伟. 从"人惟求旧"到"殷不用旧"——对商代王权与族权关系的考察[J]. 徐州师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版, 2001, 27(4):4.&lt;/ref&gt;“[[天命]]”则是争议较大的话题,部分学者如[[晁福林]]等认为[[商朝]]并没有后世的决定朝代兴亡命运的“天命观”,《商书》中的“天命”实际上是“祖宗之命(祖先神的在天之灵能保佑和弃绝自己的生命)”,按这种理解则是帝辛虽然不认真祭祀祖先,却始终相信祖先的在天之灵不会弃绝自己。&lt;ref name="chao1"/&gt;&lt;ref name="chao2"/&gt;&lt;ref name="chao3"/&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>然而上述等級制度森嚴的西周初期並沒有戶籍制度,為中國上述少有的時期,對民間不加管制鼓勵人民自由流動,推行募兵制,對於西周全民登記戶口既不必要,也不可能,因為[[分封制]]下周天子除了保留[[王畿]]的土地,其餘的大部分土地與人口,都分封給無數的諸侯國。而諸侯也是只保留一小塊[[封邑]],將其餘土地分封給各個大夫。也就是說,周天子能夠直接控制的土地,只有狹小的[[鎬京]]。雖然[[周禮]]有寫“司民”之官,“掌登萬民之數,自生齒以上,皆書於版”,但這裡“書於版”(計入戶籍)的人口,顯然只是生活於鎬京的臣民而已。至於各諸侯國的人口,天子無法管轄;同樣道理,各大夫封邑上的人口,諸侯也無法管轄。一直到[[周宣王]]時期才開始有關於西周戶籍制度的記載,西周後期的敗壞但[[周宣王]]仍想南征,遂以人口清冊與戶籍制度,作為統計人口征兵動員之用《国语·周语》记周宣王用兵南征,急需人力物力,于是“料民”,即查户口,强制抽调兵役。反之政治组织松散,人口流动性强,诸侯中常有人逃往他国的商代甲骨文中也有多处“登人”、“登众”的记载。亦根據[[禮記]]的記載,殷周時代,由女性擔任的世婦是一種世襲女官&lt;ref&gt;《禮記》曲禮下:「天子有后,有夫人,有世婦,有嬪,有妾。天子建天官,先六大,曰:大宰,大宗,大史,大祝,大士,大卜,典司六典。」鄭玄注:「此蓋殷時制也。」孔穎達疏:「此一節總論立男官女官之事。……記者之言,不可一依周禮,或可雜夏殷而言之。」&lt;/ref&gt;。世婦掌管祭祀、賓客等禮儀&lt;ref&gt;《[[周礼]]》〈天官·冢宰〉:「世婦:掌祭祀、賓客、喪紀之事,帥女宮而濯摡,為粢盛。及祭之日,蒞陳女宮之具,凡內羞之物。掌吊臨于卿大夫之喪。」&lt;/ref&gt;,極受國君尊重&lt;ref&gt;《禮記》曲禮下:「國君不名卿老、世婦,大夫不名世臣、姪娣,士不名家相、長妾。」&lt;/ref&gt;。</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="段落已移动。点击跳到新位置。" href="#movedpara_10_0_rhs">&#x26AB;</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_8_0_lhs"></a>[[顾颉刚]]等[[疑古派]]学者认为,后世文献中有关于商纣王的罪状经历了一个“古史不断层累”的过程,越是晚的时代,其罪状就越多越详细。[[春秋战国]]时期作为“[[古史累积]]”的爆发期,[[诸子百家]]和游士说客不了解历史真相,在寓言故事和杂谈的举例论证中,把作为前朝亡国之君的商纣王当成一个反面教材下的箭垛子,为了宣扬“[[報應|恶有恶报]]”,相对于西周时期的原始文献又给纣王增添了不少新罪状,例如作[[炮烙|炮烙之刑]]、把人剁成肉酱、剖割孕妇之胎等。而出土的[[上博简]]中的《容成氏》作为成作年代相对较早的文献,其所描述的[[炮烙|炮烙之刑]]只是一种低级趣味的游戏而非酷刑。&lt;ref&gt;马卫东. 《容成氏》"文王服九邦"考辨——兼论《容成氏》的主体思想及其学派归属[J]. 史学集刊, 2012(1):8.&lt;/ref&gt;“剖割孕妇之胎”也是《[[诅楚文]]》中秦王宣称的[[楚怀王]]的罪状,可见这只不过是[[战国时期]]常见的扣给敌人和亡国之君的一种帽子。“把人剁成肉酱”的醢刑在战国秦汉时期也是常见酷刑之一,所以才能在当时的寓言杂说中加到商纣王的身上。再比如《董子》佚文中缠子声称“桀为天下,酒浊而杀厨人。纣王天下,熊蹯不熟而杀庖人”,这是将[[晋灵公]]的罪状张冠李戴到作为亡国之君的“桀纣”的身上。因此,《[[列子]]·[[杨朱]]》中说“天下之美,归之舜禹周孔。天下之恶,归之桀纣”。而对于[[比干]]之死,《[[楚辞·天问]]》则认为比干是投水自尽&lt;ref<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> name=“tianwen”</del>/&gt;。到了[[汉代]]以后,统治者继续把帝辛作为反面形象宣传,经过千年积毁,商纣王才被塑造成暴君的典型。&lt;ref&gt;顾颉刚《纣恶七十事的发生次第》,1924年《语丝》杂志第2至3期,古史辨(第二册第七十八章)[M]. 上海古籍出版社, 1982.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=“chutan”/&gt;&lt;ref name="zaishenshi"/&gt;</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="段落已移动。点击跳到旧位置。" href="#movedpara_8_0_lhs">&#x26AB;</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_10_0_rhs"></a>[[顾颉刚]]等[[疑古派]]学者认为,后世文献中有关于商纣王的罪状经历了一个“古史不断层累”的过程,越是晚的时代,其罪状就越多越详细。[[春秋战国]]时期作为“[[古史累积]]”的爆发期,[[诸子百家]]和游士说客不了解历史真相,在寓言故事和杂谈的举例论证中,把作为前朝亡国之君的商纣王当成一个反面教材下的箭垛子,为了宣扬“[[報應|恶有恶报]]”,相对于西周时期的原始文献又给纣王增添了不少新罪状,例如作[[炮烙|炮烙之刑]]、把人剁成肉酱、剖割孕妇之胎等。而出土的[[上博简]]中的《容成氏》作为成作年代相对较早的文献,其所描述的[[炮烙|炮烙之刑]]只是一种低级趣味的游戏而非酷刑。&lt;ref&gt;马卫东. 《容成氏》"文王服九邦"考辨——兼论《容成氏》的主体思想及其学派归属[J]. 史学集刊, 2012(1):8.&lt;/ref&gt;“剖割孕妇之胎”也是《[[诅楚文]]》中秦王宣称的[[楚怀王]]的罪状,可见这只不过是[[战国时期]]常见的扣给敌人和亡国之君的一种帽子。“把人剁成肉酱”的醢刑在战国秦汉时期也是常见酷刑之一,所以才能在当时的寓言杂说中加到商纣王的身上。再比如《董子》佚文中缠子声称“桀为天下,酒浊而杀厨人。纣王天下,熊蹯不熟而杀庖人”,这是将[[晋灵公]]的罪状张冠李戴到作为亡国之君的“桀纣”的身上。因此,《[[列子]]·[[杨朱]]》中说“天下之美,归之舜禹周孔。天下之恶,归之桀纣”。而对于[[比干]]之死,《[[楚辞·天问]]》则认为比干是投水自尽&lt;ref<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&gt;《楚辞·天问》:“比干何逆,而抑沉之。”,《楚辞》,中华书局出版社,2019年.&lt;</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ref</ins>&gt;。到了[[汉代]]以后,统治者继续把帝辛作为反面形象宣传,经过千年积毁,商纣王才被塑造成暴君的典型。&lt;ref&gt;顾颉刚《纣恶七十事的发生次第》,1924年《语丝》杂志第2至3期,古史辨(第二册第七十八章)[M]. 上海古籍出版社, 1982.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=“chutan”/&gt;&lt;ref name="zaishenshi"/&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="段落已移动。点击跳到新位置。" href="#movedpara_13_0_rhs">&#x26AB;</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_11_0_lhs"></a><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[中華人民共和國]]以降</del>,<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[中国大陆]]持“殷商奴隶社会说”的历史学者中,有一部分会以</del>[[牧野之战]]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“</del>奴隶倒戈<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">”</del>的说法作为<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">論述“</del>商纣王残暴”<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">之</del>论<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">据。而</del>主张[[商朝]]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">非</del>[[奴隶社会]]的学者<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del>例如[[无奴学派]]、西汉封建论者和魏晋封建论者<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del>无人赞成“奴隶倒戈”的说法<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,通常认为是反对帝辛的守旧派贵族带头發起的叛乱</del>。&lt;ref&gt;侯外庐. 中国思想通史.第一卷[M]. 人民出版社, 1957.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;雒有仓. 关于商末纣军倒戈事件的重新认识[J]. 淮北煤炭师范学院学报:社会科学版, 2004, 25(3):4.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;陈民镇《奴隶社会之辩——重审中国奴隶社会阶段论争》,《历史研究》2017年&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;徐义华. 中国古史分期问题析论[J]. 中国社会科学文摘, 2021(2):2.&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="段落已移动。点击跳到旧位置。" href="#movedpara_11_0_lhs">&#x26AB;</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_13_0_rhs"></a><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">此外</ins>,[[牧野之战]]奴隶倒戈的说法<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">常被</ins>作为商纣王残暴<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">的论据,但其实这只是中国大陆的“殷商奴隶社会说</ins>”论<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">者主观臆断出来的观点,凡是</ins>主张[[商朝]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">不是</ins>[[奴隶社会]]的学者<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(</ins>例如[[无奴学派]]、西汉封建论者和魏晋封建论者<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">),</ins>无人赞成“奴隶倒戈”的说法。&lt;ref&gt;侯外庐. 中国思想通史.第一卷[M]. 人民出版社, 1957.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;雒有仓. 关于商末纣军倒戈事件的重新认识[J]. 淮北煤炭师范学院学报:社会科学版, 2004, 25(3):4.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;陈民镇《奴隶社会之辩——重审中国奴隶社会阶段论争》,《历史研究》2017年&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;徐义华. 中国古史分期问题析论[J]. 中国社会科学文摘, 2021(2):2.&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="段落已移动。点击跳到新位置。" href="#movedpara_15_1_rhs">&#x26AB;</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_14_0_lhs"></a>根据《[[左传]]》等文献以及殷墟[[甲骨文]],帝辛征服了淮夷,派[[蜚廉|飞廉]]出使北方,对中国古代的统一与各族文化的交流和发展有过一定贡献。《诗经·商颂·玄鸟》:“武王靡不胜。”《诗经·商颂·长发》:“武王载旆,有虔秉钺。”<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</del>郭沫若<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</del>認為这里的“武王”是指帝辛,他在生前曾深受百姓的爱戴,是殷民心目中的“武王”<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">。</del>&lt;ref&gt;郭沫若<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. </del>殷契粹编<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[M]. 科学出版社, 1965.</del>&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="段落已移动。点击跳到旧位置。" href="#movedpara_14_0_lhs">&#x26AB;</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_15_1_rhs"></a>根据《[[左传]]》等文献以及殷墟[[甲骨文]],帝辛征服了淮夷<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins>,派[[蜚廉|飞廉]]出使北方,对中国古代的统一与各族文化的交流和发展有过一定贡献。《诗经·商颂·玄鸟》:“武王靡不胜。”《诗经·商颂·长发》:“武王载旆,有虔秉钺。”郭沫若認為这里的“武王”是指帝辛,他在生前曾深受百姓的爱戴,是殷民心目中的“武王”&lt;ref&gt;郭沫若<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">《</ins>殷契粹编<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">》</ins>&lt;/ref&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">。</ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context 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plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可能包含<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究">原创研究</a>。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充参考资料、添加<a href="/wiki/Template:Original_research_inline" title="Template:Original research 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.infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; font-size: 125%">帝辛</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%B5%B5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%96%E5%A9%A6%E4%BC%9D_%E6%AE%B7%E7%B4%82%E7%8E%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E7%B5%B5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%96%E5%A9%A6%E4%BC%9D_%E6%AE%B7%E7%B4%82%E7%8E%8B.jpg/220px-%E7%B5%B5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%96%E5%A9%A6%E4%BC%9D_%E6%AE%B7%E7%B4%82%E7%8E%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E7%B5%B5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%96%E5%A9%A6%E4%BC%9D_%E6%AE%B7%E7%B4%82%E7%8E%8B.jpg/330px-%E7%B5%B5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%96%E5%A9%A6%E4%BC%9D_%E6%AE%B7%E7%B4%82%E7%8E%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/%E7%B5%B5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%A6%96%E5%A9%A6%E4%BC%9D_%E6%AE%B7%E7%B4%82%E7%8E%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="474" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">帝辛</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">未知</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">前1046年?</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">安葬</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="display:inline" class="label">殷墟遗址的1567号墓</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">子嗣</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">子:<br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BA%9A" title="武庚">武庚</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="谥号">谥号</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;;">紂王(周諡)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E4%BB%A3" title="朝代">政权</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">商朝</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">父親</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E4%B9%99" title="帝乙">帝乙</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">母親</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">不明</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>帝辛</b>(?—前1046年?),子姓,殷氏之始,名<b>受</b>,一名<b>受德</b><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>,後史隨從周人稱他為<b>紂王</b>、<b>商紂王</b>、<b>殷紂王</b>,是“<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">大邑商</a>”最後一代的君主。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%95%86%E5%91%A8%E6%96%AD%E4%BB%A3%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="夏商周断代工程">夏商周断代工程</a>認為他在前1075年至前1046年在位。 </p><p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">帝辛非常重視<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a>和生產力發展,實施社會變革,使其国力强盛。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">&#91;來源請求&#93;</span></a></sup>在位期间,他持續对东南方的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%B9" title="人方">人方</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%B7" title="东夷">东夷</a>)用兵,直至徹底擊敗,使商疆域擴至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B7%AE" title="江淮">江淮</a>一带。由於戰爭持久導致國內空虛,使一向俯伏、自稱“小邦周”的武王乘機联合西方各<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="方国">方国</a>一同伐商。在史稱<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E9%87%8E%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="牧野之战">牧野之战</a>中,商軍夜遭偷襲而敗,帝辛玉衣<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%9A" title="自焚">自焚</a>以成“天命”,“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%82%91%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="大邑商">大邑商</a>”從此退出歷史舞臺<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B" title="周武王">周武王</a>在帝辛生前稱他為“<b>商王受</b>”,而在建國之後,給他一個惡谥之名<b>紂</b>(「紂」,綁馬臀的皮帶,引申為殘義損善),因此帝辛以<b>纣王</b>一名为后世人所知。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="幼年"><span id=".E5.B9.BC.E5.B9.B4"></span>幼年</h3></div> <p>帝辛高大威猛,力大無窮,自幼聪敏过人、反應敏捷,智謀足可使人拒絕規勸,言辭足可文過飾非。《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%80%E5%AD%90" title="荀子">荀子</a>·非相篇》说帝辛“长巨姣美,天下之杰也;筋力超劲,百人之敌也。” 《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" title="史记">史记</a>·<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/003" class="extiw" title="s:史記/003">殷本纪</a>》也说“帝紂資辨捷疾,聞見甚敏;材力過人,手格猛獸;知足以距諫,言足以飾非;矜人臣以能,高天下以聲,以為皆出己之下。”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="继位"><span id=".E7.BB.A7.E4.BD.8D"></span>继位</h3></div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">帝辛继位后,定都于沬(前1082年),后改沬邑为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%8C" title="朝歌">朝歌</a>(今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="河南">河南</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%87%E5%8E%BF" title="淇县">淇县</a>)。他重视农桑,社会生产力发展</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">&#91;來源請求&#93;</span></a></sup>,商朝国力逐渐强盛。在位期间继续对<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%B9" title="人方">人方</a>(周人称之为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%B7" title="东夷">东夷</a>)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="林方(页面不存在)">林方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E6%96%B9" title="虎方">虎方</a>等用兵,在经历了长期的战争之后最终取得了胜利,并将商朝势力扩展到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B7%AE" title="江淮">江淮</a>一带。然而,对人方的战争导致了国内空虚,最终导致了商朝的灭亡。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="武王伐纣"><span id=".E6.AD.A6.E7.8E.8B.E4.BC.90.E7.BA.A3"></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E9%87%8E%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="牧野之战">武王伐纣</a></h3></div> <p>公元前1046年(武王元年,周文王十五年),<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B" title="周武王">周武王</a>联合西方11个小国会师<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E6%B4%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="孟津">孟津</a>,对<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="殷商">殷商</a>发起进攻。商军主力在东南,无法征调,只得将战俘临时武装起来进行抵抗。而此时帝辛已经受到了众多贵族和巫师等的集体反对,军心涣散,周武王以在距離<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%8C" title="朝歌">朝歌</a>(今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="河南">河南</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%87%E5%8E%BF" title="淇县">淇縣</a>)七十里外的牧野与商軍交战,商軍倒戈而前军攻击后军。商军因而大败,史称<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E9%87%8E%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="牧野之战">牧野之战</a>。周军随即攻至<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%8C" title="朝歌">朝歌</a>。帝辛自知大势已去,便登上鹿台,穿上宝玉衣,以纵火自焚的方式献祭了自己,商朝就此灭亡。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>帝辛死後頭顱被周武王斬下,懸在白旗,兩位妻妾的頭顱懸在紅旗上,被送入周太廟祭拜周人祖先。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>帝辛死后,葬于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%87%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="淇水">淇水</a>之滨。 </p><p>周武王征服商朝之后,改封其子<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BA%9A" title="武庚">武庚</a>为诸侯,令其统治朝歌一带,又派三个弟弟<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E5%8F%94%E9%B2%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="管叔鲜">管叔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E5%8F%94" class="mw-redirect" title="蔡叔">蔡叔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%8F%94" class="mw-redirect" title="霍叔">霍叔</a>监视其举动。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="家族關係"><span id=".E5.AE.B6.E6.97.8F.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82"></span>家族關係</h2></div> <ul><li>父親<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E4%B9%99" title="帝乙">帝乙</a>。</li> <li>庶長兄:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%90%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="微子启">微子启</a>,因<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%90%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="微子启">微子启</a>的母亲地位低下,所以不能成为继承人。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>一說微子启、微仲、紂王「实则同母」,只是紂王為其母成為<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%90%8E" title="王后">王后</a>之後才出生<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>庶次兄:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BB%B2%E8%A1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="微仲衍">微仲衍</a></li> <li>叔父:<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B9%B2" title="比干">比干</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%95%E5%AD%90" title="箕子">箕子</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="家庭"><span id=".E5.AE.B6.E5.BA.AD"></span>家庭</h3></div> <ul><li>王后: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%B2%E5%B7%B1" title="妲己">妲己</a></li></ul></li> <li>后宫: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BA%9A" title="武庚">武庚</a>之母、名字不明</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E4%BE%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="九侯">九侯</a>女</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>兒子:<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BA%9A" title="武庚">武庚</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="仅封神演义记载的家庭人物"><span id=".E4.BB.85.E5.B0.81.E7.A5.9E.E6.BC.94.E4.B9.89.E8.AE.B0.E8.BD.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.B6.E5.BA.AD.E4.BA.BA.E7.89.A9"></span>仅封神演义记载的家庭人物</h4></div> <ul><li>王后: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%90%8E" title="姜王后">姜王后</a></li></ul></li> <li>后宫: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#黃氏一門" title="封神演義角色列表">西宮黃貴妃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C%E4%B8%89%E7%99%BE%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E4%BD%8D%E6%AD%A3%E7%A5%9E" title="封神榜三百六十五位正神">馨慶宮楊貴妃</a></li> <li>王貴人</li> <li>胡喜媚</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>儿子:<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E9%83%8A" title="殷郊">殷郊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E6%B4%AA" title="殷洪">殷洪</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文献与考古研究"><span id=".E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE.E4.B8.8E.E8.80.83.E5.8F.A4.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>文献与考古研究</h2></div> <p>考古学者认为,<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%A2%9F%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="殷墟遗址">殷墟遗址</a>的1567号墓是帝辛的墓。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周朝</a>灭商以后,纣王与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%A1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="夏桀">夏桀</a>一起被当作是暴君的典型,不过近年以来有不少人对此提出怀疑。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B9%B2" title="比干">比干</a>之死<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%95%86%E5%91%A8%E6%96%AD%E4%BB%A3%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="夏商周断代工程">夏商周斷代工程</a>的深入研究發現與史記上紀載有出入的證據逐漸增多,現存<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B9%B2" title="比干">比干</a>墓寺廟中碑文有顯示其比紂王還晚死十多年,不可能是紂王所殺,此一證據不能說是鐵證,但已經構成懷疑探討點,而所謂比干諫言而死是到<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋時期">春秋時期</a>才有紀載,已相隔甚遠,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>且諸多文獻表明隨著歷史推演紂王的描述越來越殘暴,新增的情節也越多,<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AE%E7%83%99" title="炮烙">炮烙之刑</a>詳細紀載為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%A1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="夏桀">夏桀</a>發明,後不知怎麼也成了紂王,不能排除後人醜化的可能。到了戰國時期又有了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%8E%9F" title="屈原">屈原</a>的說法比干其實是投水而死。但該工程成果報告簡本發表後,其結論和方法引起國內外學術界的不少質疑,因此最終的報告繁本未能獲得通過。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="史記">史記</a>》记载,帝辛“知足以拒諫,言足以飾非”;又說他“好酒淫樂,<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81921555">.mw-parser-output ruby>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby>rtc{font-variant-east-asian:ruby;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output ruby.large{font-size:250%}.mw-parser-output ruby.larger{font-size:300%}.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rtc{font-size:.3em}.mw-parser-output ruby.larger>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby.larger>rtc{font-size:.25em}</style><ruby><rb>嬖</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>bì</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>于婦人<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>,以酒為池,懸肉為林,使男女裸相逐其間,為長夜之飲”;為人凶殘成性;殺害忠臣义士,如其叔父<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B9%B2" title="比干">比干</a>;囚禁异己,如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E6%98%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="西伯昌">西伯昌</a>被幽禁<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb>羑</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>yoû</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>里(今河南<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A4%E9%98%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="汤阴">湯陰</a>)七年之久。他為了觀察胎兒,竟殘忍地讓人剖開孕婦的肚子。他想知道冬天光腳過河的農夫為什麼不怕冷,竟叫人砍掉他的雙腳。<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E7%AD%96" class="mw-redirect" title="战国策">战国策</a>》记载“昔者鬼侯、鄂侯、文王,纣之三公也。鬼侯有23子而好,故入之于纣,纣以为恶,<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%A2%E5%88%91" title="醢刑"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81921555"><ruby><rb>醢</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>hǎi</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a>鬼侯;鄂侯争之急,辨之疾,故脯侯;文王闻之,喟然而叹,故拘之于牖里之库百日,而欲令之死。” </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E9%9D%9E%E5%AD%90" title="韩非子">韩非子</a>·喻老》亦有記载:“昔者纣为象箸而箕子怖。”<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="司马迁">司马迁</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" title="史记">史记</a>·宋微子世家》亦云“纣为象箸,<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%95%E5%AD%90" title="箕子">箕子</a>叹曰:彼为象箸,必为玉杯;为玉杯,则必思远方珍怪之物而御之。舆马宫室之渐自此始,不可振也”。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E7%8E%8B%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="帝王世紀">帝王世纪</a>》记载,帝辛在位期间,西伯的嫡長子<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E9%82%91%E8%80%83" title="伯邑考">伯邑考</a>在殷商做人質,當時負責替帝辛駕車。但某日,帝辛派人烹殺了伯邑考,並將他做成了肉羹賜給<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%96%87%E7%8E%8B" title="周文王">西伯昌</a>,並說:「聖人應當不會吃自己兒子做成的肉羹。」<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%96%87%E7%8E%8B" title="周文王">西伯昌</a>最後還是吃了肉羹。帝辛評價說:「誰說西伯昌是聖人?吃了自己兒子做成的肉羹尚且不自知。」<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>在众多文献中,帝辛是一个实行炮烙之刑,滥杀无辜,开设<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E6%B1%A0%E8%82%89%E6%9E%97" title="酒池肉林">酒池肉林</a>,穷奢极侈的昏暴之君。他与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%A1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="夏桀">夏桀</a>并论,在中国一直是暴君的代名词。这一段历史,後人加上<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B3%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="想像">想像</a>,寫成了《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89" title="封神演义">封神演义</a>》。成語有“<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E7%B4%82%E7%82%BA%E8%99%90" class="mw-redirect" title="助紂為虐">助紂為虐</a>”<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="对暴虐记载的质疑"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E6.9A.B4.E8.99.90.E8.AE.B0.E8.BD.BD.E7.9A.84.E8.B4.A8.E7.96.91"></span>对暴虐记载的质疑</h3></div> <p>在西周时期的文献中,所宣扬的帝辛的形象虽然负面,但却并没有实质残暴的内容,《尚书·牧誓》中列举的商纣王的罪状只有六条,分别是听妇人的话、不用亲戚为官、任用逃犯为官、不认真祭祀、<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%97%E9%85%92" title="酗酒">酗酒</a>和相信自己<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%91%BD" title="天命">有命在天</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%BA%B7%E7%8E%8B" title="周康王">周康王</a>时期的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%82%E9%BC%8E" title="大盂鼎">大盂鼎</a>也认为商朝灭亡的主要原因只是将领酗酒误事。而对于这些罪状,例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">商朝</a>晚期墓葬中的明器越来越多见,用于祭祀的器物则越来越少见,明显有“薄葬化”的趋势,且从<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%94%B2" title="祖甲">祖甲</a>实行<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E7%A5%AD" title="周祭">周祭</a>改革以后,更多采用谷物祭祀和舞蹈祭祀,祭祀中用人和用牲逐渐越来越少,祭祀仪式流程也愈发简化,商朝末期<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="人牲">人牲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="人殉">人殉</a>比较少见。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-“chutan”_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“chutan”-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zaishenshi_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaishenshi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>此后周人作为后进性民族,吸收并继承了商人和东夷的腰坑殉狗和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A5%AD" title="人祭">人祭</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="人殉">人殉</a>等习俗,以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93%E8%AE%BE%E6%95%99" title="神道设教">神道设教</a>的需要,这两种习俗仍然在各个诸侯国保持了数百年以上,因此商纣王不认真祭祀在当时背景下反而是比较进步的表现,而周人自然会指责其“不肯事上帝鬼神”、“昏弃厥肆祀,弗答”。<sup id="cite_ref-“chutan”_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“chutan”-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zaishenshi_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaishenshi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>且商代只祭祀祖先神和自然神,“天帝”只表现为自然性,周代出于<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93%E8%AE%BE%E6%95%99" title="神道设教">神道设教</a>祭祀天帝,因此<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%8F%AF%E7%B0%A1" title="清華簡">清华简</a>《系年》第一章会指责商纣王“不恭上帝”。<sup id="cite_ref-chao1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chao1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chao2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chao2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chao3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chao3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>而陈曦、张懋镕、王奇伟、王晖、王瑞英、杜芳琴、何敏、耿超、谢乃和等众多学者都认为,西周女性的整体地位相对于商朝大幅下降,主张“妇无公事,休其蚕织”而相对将妇女被排斥于军政事务之外,并开始趋于伦理保守和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E6%95%99" title="礼教">礼教</a>束缚,这是《尚书·牧誓》中<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B" title="周武王">周武王</a>指责商纣王“惟妇人言是用”、“牝鸡之晨”的缘由,同样也是后世<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>排斥<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="性开放(页面不存在)">性开放</a>的“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%91%E5%8D%AB%E4%B9%8B%E9%9F%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="郑卫之音(页面不存在)">郑卫之音</a>”并将其视为“纣俗”的原因。<sup id="cite_ref-“chutan”_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“chutan”-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bijiao_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bijiao-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>商代方国联盟为主的制度下,政治组织形式较为松散,诸侯中常有犯人逃往他国,别国逃犯有时则被商王任用;而周代政治组织严密,早在<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%96%87%E7%8E%8B" title="周文王">周文王</a>就已实行“有亡荒阅”在全天下搜捕逃犯,将抓到的逃犯归还给各国,因此获取了部分西土诸侯的支持,周人便在《牧誓》中指责帝辛“乃惟四方之多罪逋逃,是崇是长,是信是使,是以为大夫卿士”。<sup id="cite_ref-bijiao_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bijiao-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>不用亲戚为官则是商纣王打击守旧派贵族的手段,酗酒则是商朝一直以来的传统。<sup id="cite_ref-zaishenshi_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaishenshi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%91%BD" title="天命">天命</a>”则是争议较大的话题,部分学者如<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%81%E7%A6%8F%E6%9E%97" title="晁福林">晁福林</a>等认为<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">商朝</a>并没有后世的决定朝代兴亡命运的“天命观”,《商书》中的“天命”实际上是“祖宗之命(祖先神的在天之灵能保佑和弃绝自己的生命)”,按这种理解则是帝辛虽然不认真祭祀祖先,却始终相信祖先的在天之灵不会弃绝自己。<sup id="cite_ref-chao1_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chao1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chao2_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chao2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chao3_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chao3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>然而上述等級制度森嚴的西周初期並沒有戶籍制度,為中國上述少有的時期,對民間不加管制鼓勵人民自由流動,推行募兵制,對於西周全民登記戶口既不必要,也不可能,因為<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B0%81%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="分封制">分封制</a>下周天子除了保留<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%95%BF" class="mw-disambig" title="王畿">王畿</a>的土地,其餘的大部分土地與人口,都分封給無數的諸侯國。而諸侯也是只保留一小塊<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E9%82%91" class="mw-redirect" title="封邑">封邑</a>,將其餘土地分封給各個大夫。也就是說,周天子能夠直接控制的土地,只有狹小的<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%AC%E4%BA%AC" title="鎬京">鎬京</a>。雖然<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E7%A6%AE" title="周禮">周禮</a>有寫“司民”之官,“掌登萬民之數,自生齒以上,皆書於版”,但這裡“書於版”(計入戶籍)的人口,顯然只是生活於鎬京的臣民而已。至於各諸侯國的人口,天子無法管轄;同樣道理,各大夫封邑上的人口,諸侯也無法管轄。一直到<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AE%A3%E7%8E%8B" title="周宣王">周宣王</a>時期才開始有關於西周戶籍制度的記載,西周後期的敗壞但<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AE%A3%E7%8E%8B" title="周宣王">周宣王</a>仍想南征,遂以人口清冊與戶籍制度,作為統計人口征兵動員之用《国语·周语》记周宣王用兵南征,急需人力物力,于是“料民”,即查户口,强制抽调兵役。反之政治组织松散,人口流动性强,诸侯中常有人逃往他国的商代甲骨文中也有多处“登人”、“登众”的记载。亦根據<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="禮記">禮記</a>的記載,殷周時代,由女性擔任的世婦是一種世襲女官<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。世婦掌管祭祀、賓客等禮儀<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,極受國君尊重<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BE%E9%A2%89%E5%88%9A" title="顾颉刚">顾颉刚</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%91%E5%8F%A4%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="疑古派">疑古派</a>学者认为,后世文献中有关于商纣王的罪状经历了一个“古史不断层累”的过程,越是晚的时代,其罪状就越多越详细。<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋战国">春秋战国</a>时期作为“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%8F%B2%E7%B4%AF%E7%A7%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="古史累积(页面不存在)">古史累积</a>”的爆发期,<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%99%BE%E5%AE%B6" title="诸子百家">诸子百家</a>和游士说客不了解历史真相,在寓言故事和杂谈的举例论证中,把作为前朝亡国之君的商纣王当成一个反面教材下的箭垛子,为了宣扬“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E6%87%89" class="mw-disambig" title="報應">恶有恶报</a>”,相对于西周时期的原始文献又给纣王增添了不少新罪状,例如作<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AE%E7%83%99" title="炮烙">炮烙之刑</a>、把人剁成肉酱、剖割孕妇之胎等。而出土的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%9A%E7%AE%80" class="mw-redirect" title="上博简">上博简</a>中的《容成氏》作为成作年代相对较早的文献,其所描述的<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AE%E7%83%99" title="炮烙">炮烙之刑</a>只是一种低级趣味的游戏而非酷刑。<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>“剖割孕妇之胎”也是《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%85%E6%A5%9A%E6%96%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="诅楚文(页面不存在)">诅楚文</a>》中秦王宣称的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%80%80%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚怀王">楚怀王</a>的罪状,可见这只不过是<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="战国时期">战国时期</a>常见的扣给敌人和亡国之君的一种帽子。“把人剁成肉酱”的醢刑在战国秦汉时期也是常见酷刑之一,所以才能在当时的寓言杂说中加到商纣王的身上。再比如《董子》佚文中缠子声称“桀为天下,酒浊而杀厨人。纣王天下,熊蹯不熟而杀庖人”,这是将<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E7%81%B5%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="晋灵公">晋灵公</a>的罪状张冠李戴到作为亡国之君的“桀纣”的身上。因此,《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AD%90" title="列子">列子</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%9C%B1" title="杨朱">杨朱</a>》中说“天下之美,归之舜禹周孔。天下之恶,归之桀纣”。而对于<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B9%B2" title="比干">比干</a>之死,《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%BE%9E%C2%B7%E5%A4%A9%E9%97%AE" title="楚辞·天问">楚辞·天问</a>》则认为比干是投水自尽<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。到了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="汉代">汉代</a>以后,统治者继续把帝辛作为反面形象宣传,经过千年积毁,商纣王才被塑造成暴君的典型。<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-“chutan”_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“chutan”-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zaishenshi_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaishenshi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>此外,<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E9%87%8E%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="牧野之战">牧野之战</a>奴隶倒戈的说法常被作为商纣王残暴的论据,但其实这只是中国大陆的“殷商奴隶社会说”论者主观臆断出来的观点,凡是主张<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">商朝</a>不是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="奴隶社会">奴隶社会</a>的学者(例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%A5%B4%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="无奴学派">无奴学派</a>、西汉封建论者和魏晋封建论者),无人赞成“奴隶倒戈”的说法。<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>根据《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E4%BC%A0" title="左传">左传</a>》等文献以及殷墟<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87" title="甲骨文">甲骨文</a>,帝辛征服了淮夷 ,派<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%9A%E5%BB%89" title="蜚廉">飞廉</a>出使北方,对中国古代的统一与各族文化的交流和发展有过一定贡献。《诗经·商颂·玄鸟》:“武王靡不胜。”《诗经·商颂·长发》:“武王载旆,有虔秉钺。”郭沫若認為这里的“武王”是指帝辛,他在生前曾深受百姓的爱戴,是殷民心目中的“武王”<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关文物"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E6.96.87.E7.89.A9"></span>相关文物</h2></div> <p>帝辛时期的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%99%A8" title="青铜器">青铜器</a>有很多,例如现存于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="北京故宫">北京故宫</a>的二祀邲其卣、四祀邲其卣、六祀邲其卣分别是帝辛二年、四年、六年时铸造的青铜器。这三件器物都提到了邲其这个人物,据铭文记载,他协助帝辛进行了祭祀,帝辛赏赐了他贝币。除此之外还有作册般青铜鼋、版方鼎、宰虎角等等。从当时的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%96%87" title="金文">金文</a>中可以知道作册般为帝辛时期的史官。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="评价"><span id=".E8.AF.84.E4.BB.B7"></span>评价</h2></div> <p><mark class="noprint template-facttext" title="可能为原创研究"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%BE%A4%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="毛澤東">毛澤東</a>认为,“其實紂王是個很有本事、能文能武的人。他經營東南,把<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="東夷">東夷</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>的統一鞏固起來,在歷史上是有功的。紂王伐<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="徐州">徐州</a>之夷,打了勝仗,但損失很大,俘虜太多,消化不了,<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B" title="周武王">周武王</a>乘虛進攻,大批<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%98%E8%99%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="俘虏">俘虜</a>倒戈,結果<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">商朝</a>亡了國。”“商紂王是很有本領的人,<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B" title="周武王">周武王</a>把他說得很壞。他的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%98%E8%99%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="俘虏">俘虜</a>政策做得不大好,所以以後失敗了。”</mark><sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究"><span title="原创研究验证请求"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[原創研究?]</span></span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="後世創作"><span id=".E5.BE.8C.E4.B8.96.E5.89.B5.E4.BD.9C"></span>後世創作</h2></div> <p>纣王也是明代文學小說《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89" title="封神演义">封神演义</a>》中的一个登场人物,在该小说中也称他为“寿王”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影视错误"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E8.A7.86.E9.94.99.E8.AF.AF"></span>影视错误</h2></div> <p>“纣”是周朝统治者给的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="谥号">谥号</a>,影视作品在他活着的时候称他为“纣王”,但当时帝辛还没有死,不可能用周朝统治者给他的“谥”。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B8%E5%91%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="逸周书">逸周书</a>·谥法解》记载谥法起源于<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%85%AC%E6%97%A6" title="周公旦">周公旦</a>(“维周公旦、太公望,开嗣王业,建功于牧之野,终将葬,乃制谥”),但现在一般认为《<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B8%E5%91%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="逸周书">逸周书</a>·谥法解》是<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="战国时期">战国时期</a>的托古之作,谥号实际上是西周中期礼制改革之后的产物,也有人认为谥法起源于更晚些时候(<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%8E%89%E7%8E%8B" title="周厉王">周厉王</a>时期甚至<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="春秋时期">春秋时期</a>)。总之,在商纣王帝辛时期,<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="谥号">谥号</a>还未流行。另外,《<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E8%AA%93" title="牧誓">牧誓</a>》中记载的<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B" title="周武王">周武王</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E9%87%8E%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="牧野之战">牧野之战</a>时发表的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%84%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="檄文">檄文</a>,里面称呼帝辛为“商王受”<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="電影"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.BD.B1"></span>電影</h2></div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%B2%E5%B7%B1_(1964%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1)" title="妲己 (1964年电影)">妲己</a>》由申永均飾演。</li> <li>《哪吒之靈珠重生》由許占偉飾演。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="電視劇"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E8.A6.96.E5.8A.87"></span>電視劇</h2></div> <ul><li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(1981%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="封神榜 (1981年電視劇)(页面不存在)">封神榜 (1981年)</a>》無綫電視劇集由<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9A%E7%82%B3%E6%96%87" title="譚炳文">譚炳文</a>飾演,在《歡樂今宵》欄目中播映。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(1989%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="封神榜 (1989年電視劇)">封神榜 (1989年)</a>》由張續成飾演。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(1990%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7)" title="封神榜 (1990年电视剧)">封神榜 (1990年)</a>》上海香港合拍電視劇由<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%A5%87" title="达奇">達奇</a>飾演。</li> <li>《蓮花童子哪吒》由程建勳飾演。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(2000%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="封神榜 (2000年電視劇)">封神榜 (2000年)</a>》中國電視公司劇集由<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%82%B3%E6%86%B2" title="蘇炳憲">蘇炳憲</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%AC%E9%B4%BB%E8%B2%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="萬鴻貴(页面不存在)">萬鴻貴</a>飾演。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(2001%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="封神榜 (2001年電視劇)">封神榜 (2001年)</a>》無綫電視劇集由<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E5%AD%90%E8%AA%A0" title="鄭子誠">鄭子誠</a>飾演。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4%E9%B8%A3%E5%B2%90%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="封神榜之凤鸣岐山">封神榜之鳳鳴岐山</a>》由<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%99%AF%E6%BF%A4" title="馬景濤">馬景濤</a>飾演。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%90%E7%BA%A3" title="封神榜之武王伐纣">封神榜之武王伐紂</a>》由<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E8%89%AF%E5%81%89" title="呂良偉">呂良偉</a>飾演。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84%E6%A6%9C" title="封神英雄榜">封神英雄榜</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84" title="封神英雄">封神英雄</a>》由<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%8D%93%E7%BF%B0" title="吴卓翰">吳卓翰</a>飾演。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89_(2019%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7)" title="封神演义 (2019年电视剧)">封神演義 (2019年)</a>》由<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%92%E5%85%86%E9%BE%8D" title="鄒兆龍">鄒兆龍</a>飾演。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A6%E5%9B%9E%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%8C" title="梦回朝歌">夢回朝歌</a>》由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%8D%E9%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="保劍鋒">保劍鋒</a>飾演。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92%E8%88%87%E6%A5%8A%E6%88%A9" title="哪吒與楊戩">哪吒與楊戩</a>》由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%89%E9%A0%85%E6%98%8E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="葉項明(页面不存在)">葉項明</a>飾演。</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E4%B9%8B%E5%A4%A9%E5%95%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="封神之天啟(页面不存在)">封神之天啟</a>》由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%98%89%E8%89%AF" title="羅嘉良">羅嘉良</a>飾演。</li> <li>《封神榜·妖滅》由許凝飾演。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2></div> <div class="references-small"> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">據《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中華通史(页面不存在)">中華通史</a>》第一冊,<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%B5%9A" title="章嵚">章嶔</a>著</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">意思是宠信<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%B2%E5%B7%B1" title="妲己">妲己</a>,建立<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E6%B1%A0%E8%82%89%E6%9E%97" title="酒池肉林">酒池肉林</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%B0%8F%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="呂氏春秋">呂氏春秋</a>.貴直論.過理》:“糟丘酒池,肉圃為格,雕柱而桔諸侯,不適也。刑鬼侯之女而取其環,截涉者脛而視其髓,殺梅伯而遺文王其醢,不適也。文王貌受,以告諸侯。作為琁室,築為頃宮,剖孕婦而觀其化,殺比干而視其心,不適也。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%90%9B%E5%BD%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="祖君彥">祖君彥</a>《為李密檄洛州文》:“達等助紂為虐,嬰城自固。”</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayonhistory.com/people/201506/9629.html">商纣王帝辛</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2015-10-30</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104084411/http://www.todayonhistory.com/people/201506/9629.html">存档</a>于2020-11-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B8%9D%E8%BE%9B&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%95%86%E7%BA%A3%E7%8E%8B%E5%B8%9D%E8%BE%9B&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayonhistory.com%2Fpeople%2F201506%2F9629.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《左传·昭公十一年》:“桀克有缗以丧其国,纣克东夷而陨其身。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%B7" title="司馬遷">司馬遷</a>. <a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7003#帝辛" class="extiw" title="s:史記/卷003">殷本紀</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="史記">史記</a>. [-61]. <q>甲子日,纣兵败。纣走入(朝歌),登鹿台,衣其宝玉衣,赴火而死</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B8%9D%E8%BE%9B&amp;rft.atitle=%E6%AE%B7%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80&amp;rft.au=%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%B7&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span>《逸周书·世俘》曰:“甲子夕,纣取天智玉琰五,环身以自焚”。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《史記》〈周本紀〉「(周武王)遂入,至紂死所。武王自射之,三發而後下車,以輕劍擊之,以黃鉞斬紂頭,縣大白之旗。已而至紂之嬖妾二女,二女皆經自殺。武王又射三發,擊以劍,斬以玄鉞,縣其頭小白之旗。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《逸周書》〈世俘解〉:「武王在祀,大師負商王紂縣首白旂,妻二首赤旂,乃以先馘,入燎于周廟。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" title="史记">史记</a>·殷本纪》中说:“帝乙长子曰<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%90%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="微子启">微子启</a>,启母贱,不得嗣。少子辛,辛母正后,辛为嗣。帝乙崩,子辛立,是为帝辛,天下谓之纣。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%B0%8F%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="呂氏春秋">呂氏春秋</a>·卷十一》稱微子、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%BE%AE%E4%BB%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="宋微仲">微仲</a>與紂王三人同母,但是其母在生微子和微仲时的身分是妾,生紂王時則已升為正妻,所以微子是庶長子</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003135523/http://www.xiancn.com/gb/wbpaper/2007-07/16/content_1251496.htm">规模宏大的安阳殷墟商代王陵(图)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2015-12-08</span>&#93;</span>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B8%9D%E8%BE%9B&amp;rft.au=%E5%A4%8D%E6%97%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E7%BC%96%EF%BC%9B%E5%88%98%E9%92%8A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BC%96&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6+%E7%AC%AC7%E8%BE%91&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-7-5325-8775-9&amp;rft.pages=207&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%A4%E7%B1%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2></div> <ul><li>《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7003#帝辛" class="extiw" title="s:史記/卷003">史記·殷本紀</a>》</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 60%; margin: 0.5em auto; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="2"><b>前任:</b><br />父<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E4%B9%99" title="帝乙">帝乙</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国君主列表">中国君主</a></b><br /> </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"><b>繼任:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B" title="周武王">周武王</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="商朝君主列表">商朝國君</a></b><br />第31代<br /> (一說32代) </td> <td width="30%" align="center">自焚,亡國 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href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B3" title="嚳">嚳</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91" title="契">契</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E6%98%8E" title="昭明">昭明</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%9C%9F" title="相土">相土</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E8%8B%A5" title="昌若">昌若</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%9C%89" title="曹圉">曹圉</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5_(%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%88%E5%85%AC)" title="冥 (商朝先公)">冥</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E4%BA%A5" title="王亥">王亥</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%81%86_(%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%88%E5%85%AC)" title="王恆 (商朝先公)">王恆</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%94%B2%E5%BE%AE" title="上甲微">上甲微</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E4%B9%99" title="報乙">報乙</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a 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title="小甲">小甲</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%88%8A" title="太戊">太戊</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E5%B7%B1" title="雍己">雍己</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%81" title="中丁">中丁</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%A3%AC" title="外壬">外壬</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E4%BA%B6%E7%94%B2" title="河亶甲">河亶甲</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E4%B9%99" title="祖乙">祖乙</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E8%BE%9B" title="祖辛">祖辛</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%94%B2" title="沃甲">沃甲</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E4%B8%81" title="祖丁">祖丁</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%BA%9A" title="南庚">南庚</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E7%94%B2" title="阳甲">阳甲</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E5%BA%9A" title="盘庚">盘庚</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%BE%9B" title="小辛">小辛</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B9%99" title="小乙">小乙</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%B8%81" title="武丁">武丁</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%BA%9A" title="祖庚">祖庚</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%94%B2" title="祖甲">祖甲</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%AA%E8%BE%9B" title="廪辛">廪辛</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E4%B8%81" title="庚丁">庚丁</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%B9%99" title="武乙">武乙</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%B8%81" title="文丁">文丁</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E4%B9%99" title="帝乙">帝乙</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a class="mw-selflink selflink">帝辛</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">有争议的君主</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%81" title="太丁">太丁</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%B9" title="伊尹">伊尹</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B2%E5%A3%AC" title="仲壬">仲壬</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E4%B8%81" title="沃丁">沃丁</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%B7%B1" title="祖己">祖己</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>註1</b>:有待考证的商朝君主:<a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B3" title="嚳">夒</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91" title="契">兕</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91" title="契">禼</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B3_(%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%88%E5%85%AC)" title="岳 (商朝先公)">岳</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A7_(%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%88%E5%85%AC)" title="囧 (商朝先公)">囧</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%9C%9F" title="相土">土</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%94_(%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%88%E5%85%AC)" title="羔 (商朝先公)">羔</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%90%B4" title="王吴">王吴</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3_(%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%88%E5%85%AC)" title="河 (商朝先公)">河</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5_(%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%88%E5%85%AC)" title="冥 (商朝先公)">季</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8F_(%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D)" title="昏 (商朝)">昏</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%82%98" title="炘">炘</a> · <a href="/wiki/%F0%A0%A3%AC" title="𠣬">𠣬</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%A5" title="娥">娥</a> · <span class="inline-unihan" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; font-variant: normal;cursor: help; font-family: sans-serif, &#39;FZSongS-Extended&#39;, &#39;FZSongS-Extended(SIP)&#39;, &#39;WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono&#39;, &#39;BabelStone Han&#39;, &#39;HanaMinB&#39;, &#39;FZSong-Extended&#39;, &#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;, Code2002, DFSongStd, &#39;STHeiti SC&#39;, unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, &#39;Plangothic P1&#39;, &#39;Plangothic P2&#39;;" title="字符描述:⿱目口 &#10;※如果您看到空白、方塊或問號,代表您的系統無法顯示此字元。"><a href="/wiki/%F0%B0%A5%8F" title="𰥏">𰥏</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>註2</b>:舊說太戊在雍己之後,然而在周祭卜辭中,雍己卻排在大戊之後,因此學者認為雍己應為大戊之弟。</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%89%E7%9A%87%E4%BA%94%E5%B8%9D" title="Template:三皇五帝"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">三皇五帝</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:夏朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">夏</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:商朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">商</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:周朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">周</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:秦国君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">秦</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:漢朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">汉</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:三國君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">三国</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%99%89%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:晉朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">晋</span></a>&#160;/</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%94%E8%83%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:五胡十六國君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">十六国</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%83%E9%AD%8F%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:元魏君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">北魏</span></a>&#160;/</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:南朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">南朝</span></a>&#160;&#8211;</span>&#32;<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:北齐君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">北齐</span></a>&#160;&#8211;</span>&#32;<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:北周君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">北周</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:隋朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">隋</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:唐朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">唐</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:五代君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">五代</span></a>&#160;&#8211;</span>&#32;<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:十國君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">十國</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:宋朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">宋</span></a>&#160;/</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:西夏君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">西夏</span></a>&#160;/</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BE%BD%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:辽朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">辽</span></a>&#160;/</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:金朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">金</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:元朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">元</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:明朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">明</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="Template:清朝君主"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">清</span></a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="Template:中華民國國家元首"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">民国</span></a>&#160;/</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="Template:中华人民共和国国家元首"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0645AD">人民共和国</span></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="《封神演义》" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89" title="Template:封神演义"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:封神演义(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:封神演义"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="《封神演义》" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89" title="封神演义">封神演义</a>》</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap">作者:<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B8%E4%BB%B2%E7%90%B3" title="许仲琳">许仲琳</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E8%A5%BF%E6%98%9F" title="陆西星">陆西星</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9E" title="王世贞">王世贞</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="封神演義角色列表">登場角色</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#闡教" title="封神演義角色列表">闡教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%A7%8B%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="元始天尊">元始天尊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#二代弟子" title="封神演義角色列表">十二弟子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B9%99%E6%95%91%E8%8B%A6%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="太乙救苦天尊">太乙真人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92" title="哪吒">哪吒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E6%88%A9_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)" title="楊戩 (神話人物)">楊戩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#三代弟子" title="封神演義角色列表">韦护</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="雷震子">雷震子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%A4%A9%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="黄天化">黄天化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%8C%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="土行孙">土行孙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%90%92" title="金吒">金吒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%90%92" title="木吒">木吒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%9D%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)" title="李靖 (神话人物)">李靖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="封神演義角色列表">武吉</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#截教" title="封神演義角色列表">截教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="封神演義角色列表">通天教主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#九龍島四聖" title="封神演義角色列表">九龍島四聖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#魔家四將" title="封神演義角色列表">魔家四將</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#十天君" title="封神演義角色列表">十天君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#趙公明" title="封神演義角色列表">趙公明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="封神演義角色列表">三霄娘娘</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">殷商</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#紂王" title="封神演義角色列表">紂王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#蘇妲己" title="封神演義角色列表">蘇妲己</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#千年狐狸精" title="封神演義角色列表">千年狐狸精</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E5%85%AC%E8%B1%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="申公豹">申公豹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E9%83%8A" title="殷郊">殷郊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E6%B4%AA" title="殷洪">殷洪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B9%B2" title="比干">比干</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9E%E4%BB%B2" title="聞仲">聞仲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="封神演義角色列表">黄飞虎</a><sup><small>*</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="封神演義角色列表">崇黑虎</a><sup><small>*</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="封神演義角色列表">鄧九公</a><sup><small>*</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="封神演義角色列表">鄧嬋玉</a><sup><small>*</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="封神演義角色列表">蘇護</a><sup><small>*</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">西岐</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#姬昌" title="封神演義角色列表">西伯侯姬昌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#姬發" title="封神演義角色列表">周武王姬發</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#姜子牙" title="封神演義角色列表">姜子牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#伯邑考" title="封神演義角色列表">伯邑考</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#南宮适" title="封神演義角色列表">南宫适</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#散宜生" title="封神演義角色列表">散宜生</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">作中事物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C%E4%B8%89%E7%99%BE%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E4%BD%8D%E6%AD%A3%E7%A5%9E" title="封神榜三百六十五位正神">榜上三百六十五位正神</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9%E6%B3%95%E5%AF%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="封神演義法寶列表(页面不存在)">法寶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89%E5%90%84%E5%9B%9E%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81" title="封神演义各回概要">剧情概要</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">改編作品</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">電影</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%B2%E5%B7%B1_(1964%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1)" title="妲己 (1964年电影)">妲己</a>(1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="封神榜 (消歧義)">封神榜</a>(1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%B1%B1%E6%94%B6%E4%B8%83%E6%80%AA" title="梅山收七怪">梅山收七怪</a>(1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92_(1974%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1)" title="哪吒 (1974年電影)">哪吒</a>(1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="封神榜 (消歧義)">封神演义</a>(1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E7%BE%8E%E7%8C%B4%E7%8E%8B" title="哪吒大戰美猴王">哪吒大战美猴王</a>(1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%87" title="封神传奇">封神传奇</a>(2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E6%9B%B2" title="封神三部曲">封神三部曲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%8C%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%91" title="封神第一部:朝歌风云">封神第一部:朝歌风云</a>(2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%A8%EF%BC%9A%E6%88%98%E7%81%AB%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%90" title="封神第二部:战火西岐">封神第二部:战火西岐</a>(2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8" title="封神第三部">封神第三部</a>(待定)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">電視劇</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="封神榜 (消歧義)">封神榜</a>(1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92_(1986%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="哪吒 (1986年電視劇)">哪吒</a>(1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="封神榜 (消歧義)">封神榜</a>(1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(1989%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="封神榜 (1989年電視劇)">封神榜</a>(1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(1990%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7)" title="封神榜 (1990年电视剧)">封神榜</a>(1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="封神榜 (消歧義)">封神榜 哪吒传奇</a>(1993)</li> <li>莲花童子哪吒(1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(2000%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="封神榜 (2000年電視劇)">封神榜</a>(2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(2001%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" title="封神榜 (2001年電視劇)">封神榜</a>(2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(2006%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7)" title="封神榜 (2006年电视剧)">封神榜</a>(2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%90%E7%BA%A3" title="封神榜之武王伐纣">封神榜Ⅱ</a>(2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E8%8E%B2%E7%81%AF%E5%89%8D%E4%BC%A0" title="宝莲灯前传">宝莲灯前传</a>(2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84%E6%A6%9C" title="封神英雄榜">封神英雄榜</a>(2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84" title="封神英雄">封神英雄榜2</a>(2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89_(2019%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7)" title="封神演义 (2019年电视剧)">封神演義</a>(禁播)</li> <li>封神之天启(禁播)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%8C_(%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87)" class="mw-redirect" title="朝歌 (電視劇)">梦回朝歌</a>(禁播)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92%E8%88%87%E6%A5%8A%E6%88%A9" title="哪吒與楊戩">哪吒與楊戩</a>(禁播)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">動畫電影</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="封神榜 (動畫電影)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="ドラゴン水滸伝"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_(%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="封神榜 (動畫電影)(页面不存在)">封神榜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B4%E3%83%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%BB%B8%E4%BC%9D" class="extiw" title="ja:ドラゴン水滸伝"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">ドラゴン水滸伝</span></a></span>)</span></span>(1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92%E9%97%B9%E6%B5%B7" title="哪吒闹海">哪吒闹海</a>(1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E6%98%AF%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92" title="我是哪吒">我是哪吒</a>(2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92%E4%B9%8B%E9%AD%94%E7%AB%A5%E9%99%8D%E4%B8%96" title="哪吒之魔童降世">哪吒之魔童降世</a>(2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E5%AD%90%E7%89%99_(%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1)" title="姜子牙 (电影)">姜子牙</a>(2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C%EF%BC%9A%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92%E9%87%8D%E7%94%9F" title="新神榜:哪吒重生">新神榜:哪吒重生</a>(2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C%EF%BC%9A%E6%9D%A8%E6%88%AC" title="新神榜:杨戬">新神榜:杨戬</a>(2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">電視動畫</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%87" title="封神榜传奇">封神榜传奇</a>(1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9_(%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB)" title="封神演義 (漫畫)">仙界传 封神演義</a>(1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%87" title="哪吒传奇">哪吒传奇</a>(2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9_(%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB)" title="封神演義 (漫畫)">霸穹 封神演義</a>(2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">電子遊戲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%A6%9C_%E4%BC%8F%E9%AD%94%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90" title="封神榜 伏魔三太子">封神榜 伏魔三太子</a>(1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="封神演義 (消歧義)">封神演义</a>(1996)</li> <li>封神英杰传(1996)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="愛蔵版 封神演義" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="封神演義 (ゲーム)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E8%94%B5%E7%89%88_%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="愛蔵版 封神演義(页面不存在)">愛蔵版 封神演義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9_(%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0)" class="extiw" title="ja:封神演義 (ゲーム)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">封神演義 (ゲーム)</span></a></span>)</span></span>(1999)</li> <li>封神榜之英雄无敌(2000)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="封神戰爭" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="バトル封神"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="封神戰爭(页面不存在)">封神戰爭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:バトル封神"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">バトル封神</span></a></span>)</span></span>(2002)</li> <li>蕩神誌(2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E9%9B%99OROCHI_%E8%9B%87%E9%AD%94%E5%86%8D%E8%87%A8" title="無雙OROCHI 蛇魔再臨">无双大蛇 魔王再临</a>(2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%8F%8C%E5%A4%A7%E8%9B%872" class="mw-redirect" title="无双大蛇2">无双大蛇 2</a>(2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%AE%BA" title="封神殺">封神殺</a>(2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">漫畫</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="殷周傳說" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="殷周伝説"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%B7%E5%91%A8%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="殷周傳說(页面不存在)">殷周傳說</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%91%A8%E4%BC%9D%E8%AA%AC" class="extiw" title="ja:殷周伝説"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">殷周伝説</span></a></span>)</span></span>(1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9_(%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB)" title="封神演義 (漫畫)">封神演義</a>(1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%BA%AD%E5%AD%B8%E5%9C%92" title="天庭學園">天庭學園</a>(2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E7%B4%80" title="封神紀">封神紀</a>(2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">戲劇</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E5%B1%B1%E8%97%8F%E5%A6%B2%E5%B7%B1" title="肉山藏妲己">肉山藏妲己</a>(1949)</li></ul> 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