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(index, illustr., annexes)</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4675482" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/AngelicaThumala"><img alt="Profile image of María Angélica Thumala Olave" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4675482/17651448/17698485/s65_angelica.thumala.jpg" />María Angélica Thumala Olave</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2004, Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":54342732,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/34470632/_2003_Maria_Olivia_M%C3%B6nckeberg_El_imperio_del_Opus_Dei_en_Chile_Santiago_du_Chili_Ediciones_B_Grupo_Z_Santiago_de_Chile_2003_714_p_index_illustr_annexes_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":54342732,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/34470632/_2003_Maria_Olivia_M%C3%B6nckeberg_El_imperio_del_Opus_Dei_en_Chile_Santiago_du_Chili_Ediciones_B_Grupo_Z_Santiago_de_Chile_2003_714_p_index_illustr_annexes_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="54342732" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/34470632/_2003_Maria_Olivia_M%C3%B6nckeberg_El_imperio_del_Opus_Dei_en_Chile_Santiago_du_Chili_Ediciones_B_Grupo_Z_Santiago_de_Chile_2003_714_p_index_illustr_annexes_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="68000551" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68000551/Opus_Dei_and_Mexico_Civil_but_Sinister">Opus Dei and Mexico: Civil but Sinister?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29988671" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuillermodelosReyes">Guillermo de los Reyes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Review of Policy Research, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Opus Dei and Mexico: Civil but Sinister?","attachmentId":78636648,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68000551/Opus_Dei_and_Mexico_Civil_but_Sinister","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68000551/Opus_Dei_and_Mexico_Civil_but_Sinister"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="60742978" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60742978/The_Rise_of_Fascist_Formations_in_Chile_and_in_the_World">The Rise of Fascist Formations in Chile and in the World</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38331518" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ReneLeal1">Rene Leal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Social Sciences</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This essay examines the contemporary crisis in Chile in the context of the rise of the global far right. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/96298977/Four_Keys_to_chilean_culture_authoritarianism_legalism_fatalism_and_compadrazgo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="37840904" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37840904/Terror_in_Chile_1973_1977_A_Historical_Analysis_of_Chile_s_National_Directorate_of_Intelligence_DINA_and_the_Institutionalization_of_the_Internal_Enemy_and_Subversion_as_Social_Categories">Terror in Chile 1973-1977: A Historical Analysis of Chile’s National Directorate of Intelligence (DINA) and the Institutionalization of the “Internal Enemy” and “Subversion” as Social Categories</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a 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How did la DINA frame their justifications for their use of psychological warfare against ‘el enemigo interno’ and the subversive threat? A historical analysis of the documents released as a part of the United States Department of State’s Chile Declassification Project provides insight into the history of DINA, from its development during the end of 1973 and early months of 1974 to its dissolution in August 1977. While DINA was originally conceived as Chile’s secret police and intelligence service, it was the primary agent of repression, political violence, and terror. DINA’s tactics included torture, forced disappearances and politically motivated assassinations of dissidents in Chile and the United States. 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Aguilar, A Social History of the Catholic Church in Chile vol II. Edwin Mellen Press, 2006</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30633223" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/MAguilar">Mario I Aguilar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">A Social History of the Catholic Church in Chile vol. II, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this book I sketch Silva Henríquez’ life in a chronological manner, thus single chapters have been written outlining the historiography of a particular single period of history that was important for Silva Henriquez (earlier chapters) or the periods of Chilean history that were marked by political moments and in which Silva Henriquez had to respond to particular demands made on him by political and social events (later chapters). My approach while inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary at times is simple and returns to the central historical question that defines any period of history qua history and further refines the contestation of sources, primary and secondary, through the literary construction of a chaotic historiography: that question is ‘what happened?’</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mario I. Aguilar, A Social History of the Catholic Church in Chile vol II. Edwin Mellen Press, 2006","attachmentId":95942607,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93114911/Mario_I_Aguilar_A_Social_History_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_Chile_vol_II_Edwin_Mellen_Press_2006","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93114911/Mario_I_Aguilar_A_Social_History_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_Chile_vol_II_Edwin_Mellen_Press_2006"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="56602624" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56602624/Complicity_and_Responsibility_in_the_Aftermath_of_the_Pinochet_Regime_The_Case_of_El_Mocito">Complicity and Responsibility in the Aftermath of the Pinochet Regime: The Case of "El Mocito</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29140688" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/MichaelLazzara">Michael Lazzara</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Rubrica Contemporanea</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Complicity and Responsibility in the Aftermath of the Pinochet Regime: The Case of \"El Mocito","attachmentId":71908704,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56602624/Complicity_and_Responsibility_in_the_Aftermath_of_the_Pinochet_Regime_The_Case_of_El_Mocito","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56602624/Complicity_and_Responsibility_in_the_Aftermath_of_the_Pinochet_Regime_The_Case_of_El_Mocito"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="64109931" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64109931/The_Church_of_Silence_in_Chile">The Church of Silence in Chile</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="188553201" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NestorFonseca9">Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">THE CHURCH OF SILENCE IN CHILE by THE CHILEAN SOCIETY FOR THE DEFENSE OF TRADITION, FAMILY AND PROPERTY, 1974</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">EDITOR'S NOTE In the press, radio, and TV of the entire world, people frequently speak of the underdeveloped nations. Their upward march toward progress has become an irresistible imperative. Without denying what truth there is in this concept, in itself too simple, we call it to mind with the sole purpose of making public an observation related to it. In today's world, there is a worse condition than the material state of the underdeveloped nations. It is the spiritual situation of two categories of persons: First, in the western societies, that of the scorned silent majorities, internationally relegated and reduced to a state of impotence by the great means of propaganda. Second, in the countries behind the Iron Curtain, that of the Church of Silence. But, is it only in the countries behind the Iron Curtain that silenced Catholics exist? * * * Bewildered, perplexed, anguished, a silent majority of Catholics is forming as the destructive process of the Revolution advances, and within the Church, on the religious level, they are finding themselves in a situation of muteness analogous to that of the Church of Silence behind the Iron Curtain. Why is there so much propaganda in favor of the underdeveloped, while so little interest is shown in the silent majorities and the Church of Silence? * * * We do not understand it. We think, however, that the victims of this unjust treatment have every right to resist it. In Chile, this silent majority is almost as numerous as the population itself, and it looks, stupefied, upon an amazing fact: the greater part of the Episcopate and a decisive sector of the clergy and the religious have become the most dynamic and subtly effective force in the leftist assault. It is a revolutionary force which does not lead directly to war or bloody rebellion, but which facilitates the conquest of mentalities in this most modem form of war. From the darkened regions of that Church of Silence, this book emerges in search of light, air, relief, and defense, like a shout of proclamation. The truth is that in numerous other nations as well as Chile, Satan’s clouds of smoke" are invading and filling the Church and She is undergoing a mysterious process of "self-destruction" — the words are of Paul VI — carried out from top to bottom.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Church of Silence in Chile","attachmentId":76295387,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64109931/The_Church_of_Silence_in_Chile","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64109931/The_Church_of_Silence_in_Chile"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="47359346" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47359346/Pamela_Constable_and_Arturo_Valenzuela_A_Nation_of_Enemies_Chile_Under_Pinochet">Pamela Constable and Arturo Valenzuela, A Nation of Enemies: Chile Under Pinochet</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47728348" href="https://sdsu.academia.edu/BrianLoveman">Brian Loveman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Conflict Studies, 1992</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pamela Constable and Arturo Valenzuela, A Nation of Enemies: Chile Under Pinochet","attachmentId":66492603,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47359346/Pamela_Constable_and_Arturo_Valenzuela_A_Nation_of_Enemies_Chile_Under_Pinochet","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47359346/Pamela_Constable_and_Arturo_Valenzuela_A_Nation_of_Enemies_Chile_Under_Pinochet"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":54342732,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":54342732,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_54342732" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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