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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-About_making_Wikipedia_a_better_encyclopedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#About_making_Wikipedia_a_better_encyclopedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>About making Wikipedia a better encyclopedia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-About_making_Wikipedia_a_better_encyclopedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Areas_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Areas_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Areas of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Areas_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-What_I've_been_up_to" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#What_I've_been_up_to"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>What I've been up to</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-What_I've_been_up_to-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle What I've been up to subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-What_I've_been_up_to-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-What_Wikipedia_readers_and_editors_have_been_up_to" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#What_Wikipedia_readers_and_editors_have_been_up_to"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>What Wikipedia readers and editors have been up to</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-What_Wikipedia_readers_and_editors_have_been_up_to-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pending_or_current_Wikipedia_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pending_or_current_Wikipedia_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pending or current Wikipedia projects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pending_or_current_Wikipedia_projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pending or current Wikipedia projects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pending_or_current_Wikipedia_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-WikiProject_Spaceflight_and_Astronomy/Astrophysics_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WikiProject_Spaceflight_and_Astronomy/Astrophysics_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>WikiProject Spaceflight and Astronomy/Astrophysics links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-WikiProject_Spaceflight_and_Astronomy/Astrophysics_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_emerging_place_of_Wikipedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_emerging_place_of_Wikipedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The emerging place of Wikipedia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_emerging_place_of_Wikipedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handy_Wikipedia_links_for_editing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handy_Wikipedia_links_for_editing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Handy Wikipedia links for editing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handy_Wikipedia_links_for_editing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_Also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_Also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See Also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_Also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/User:N2e"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/User:N2e" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/User:N2e" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-contributions" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/N2e" title="A list of contributions by this user"><span>User contributions</span></a></li><li id="t-log" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Log/N2e" title="A list of logged actions by this user"><span>User logs</span></a></li><li id="t-userrights" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:UserRights/N2e"><span>View user groups</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&oldid=1021460274" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUser%3AN2e"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUser%3AN2e"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=User%3AN2e&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879475">.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-content{border:2px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-style{border:2px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-move{border:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toggleswitch.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Toggleswitch.PNG/25px-Toggleswitch.PNG" decoding="async" width="25" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Toggleswitch.PNG/38px-Toggleswitch.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Toggleswitch.PNG/50px-Toggleswitch.PNG 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="1479" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>N2e</b> is busy and is going to be on Wikipedia in off-and-on doses, and may not respond swiftly to queries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="userboxes" style="margin: auto; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 248px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; background-color: #FFFFFF; background-color: var(--background-color-base, #FFFFFF);; color: #000000; color: var(--color-emphasized, #000000); float: right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align: center; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold;"></div> <div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid black;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:black;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:black;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:white;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-133-ISS_from_Discovery_flyaround_1-larger_crop_to_white_stork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/STS-133-ISS_from_Discovery_flyaround_1-larger_crop_to_white_stork.jpg/45px-STS-133-ISS_from_Discovery_flyaround_1-larger_crop_to_white_stork.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/STS-133-ISS_from_Discovery_flyaround_1-larger_crop_to_white_stork.jpg/68px-STS-133-ISS_from_Discovery_flyaround_1-larger_crop_to_white_stork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/STS-133-ISS_from_Discovery_flyaround_1-larger_crop_to_white_stork.jpg/90px-STS-133-ISS_from_Discovery_flyaround_1-larger_crop_to_white_stork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td><td style="border:0;text-align:center;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.3em;color:white;vertical-align:middle">This user is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spaceflight/Members" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Spaceflight/Members"><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">member</span></a> of<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spaceflight" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Spaceflight"><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">WikiProject Spaceflight</span></a></b>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid black;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:black;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:black;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FFFFCC;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Astronomy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Astronomy"><img alt="Wikipedia:WikiProject Astronomy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NGC7293_%282004%29.jpg/42px-NGC7293_%282004%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="42" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NGC7293_%282004%29.jpg/63px-NGC7293_%282004%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NGC7293_%282004%29.jpg/83px-NGC7293_%282004%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6145" data-file-height="6623" /></a></span></td><td style="border:0;text-align:center;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.3em;color:#FFFFCC;vertical-align:middle">This user <a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Astronomy_participants" title="Category:WikiProject Astronomy participants"><span style="color:white;">participates</span></a> in <br /><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Astronomy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Astronomy"><span style="color:white;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;">WikiProject Astronomy</span></a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <dl><dd>... <small>especially, the <a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">astrophysics</a> subfield</small></dd></dl> <div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid #13469b;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:navy;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:black;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FFFFFF;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gears_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gears_animation.gif/70px-Gears_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="70" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gears_animation.gif/105px-Gears_animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gears_animation.gif/140px-Gears_animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></td><td style="border:0;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.25em;color:#FFFFFF;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;">This user is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Robotics/Participants" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Robotics/Participants"><span style="color: #FFFFFF">participant</span></a> in<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Robotics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Robotics"><span style="color: #FFFFFF">WikiProject Robotics</span></a></b>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid navy;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:#FFFFBB;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFFFBB;text-align:right;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:black;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/40px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" 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0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/39px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="39" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/59px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/78px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td style="border:0;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.25em;color:black;vertical-align:middle">This user is a <a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Economics_participants" title="Category:WikiProject Economics participants"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000003-QINU`"'</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:">participant</span></a> in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Economics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Economics"><span style="color:;font-weight:bold">WikiProject Economics</span></a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid #F0DC82;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:white;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:#F0DC82;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:black;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book_magnify2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Question_book_magnify2.svg/45px-Question_book_magnify2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Question_book_magnify2.svg/68px-Question_book_magnify2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Question_book_magnify2.svg/90px-Question_book_magnify2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td><td style="border:0;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.25em;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center">This user is a member of the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Unreferenced_articles" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Unreferenced articles">WikiProject Unreferenced articles</a></b>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid black;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:white;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:white;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:black;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/45px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/68px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/90px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td style="border:0;text-align:center;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.3em;color:black;vertical-align:middle">This user <a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Citation_cleanup_participants" title="Category:WikiProject Citation cleanup participants">participates</a> in<br /><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Citation_cleanup" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Citation cleanup"><span style="font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;">WikiProject Citation cleanup</span></a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="float: right; border:solid 1px; margin: 1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width: 236px; background:paleturquoise;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 45px; height: 45px; background: ; text-align: center; font-size: 14pt; color: black;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Engineering" title="Portal:Engineering"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Engineering_WikiProject_Logo1.png/45px-Engineering_WikiProject_Logo1.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Engineering_WikiProject_Logo1.png/68px-Engineering_WikiProject_Logo1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Engineering_WikiProject_Logo1.png/90px-Engineering_WikiProject_Logo1.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding: 4pt; line-height: 1.25em; color: black; text-align:center;">This user is a <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Professional_Engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional Engineer">Professional Engineer</a></b>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid black;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:white;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:white;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:black;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Economic-surpluses.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Economic-surpluses.svg/45px-Economic-surpluses.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Economic-surpluses.svg/68px-Economic-surpluses.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Economic-surpluses.svg/90px-Economic-surpluses.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></td><td style="border:0;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.25em;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;"><b>This user is an <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economist</a></b>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="wikipediauserbox" style="float:left;border:1px solid #999;margin:1px;width:238px"><table role="presentation" style="border-collapse:collapse;width:238px;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;background:#FDFDFD;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td style="border:0;width:45px;height:45px;background:#ddd;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;color:black;padding:0 1px 0 0;line-height:1.25em;vertical-align:middle">prec</td><td style="border:0;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;padding:0 4px 0 4px;height:45px;line-height:1.25em;color:black;vertical-align:middle">This <a href="/wiki/Category:Precisionist_Wikipedians" title="Category:Precisionist Wikipedians">editor</a> is a <b><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Precisionism" class="extiw" title="m:Precisionism">precisionist</a></b>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> Hi, I'm N2e. I've been contributing to Wikipedia since <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> but did not arrange to obtain a Wiki user ID until March of <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>. I never took the time to write a User Page until <a href="/wiki/July_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="July 2008">July 2008</a>). </p><p>I have formal education in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organizational_behavior" title="Organizational behavior">organizational behavior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_communication_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Information communication technology">information technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">management</a>, and hold degrees in the first two. I have made my living in <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">technology</a> <a href="/wiki/New_product_development" title="New product development">product development</a> for many years, and I also teach an occasional economics course at a small <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal arts">liberal arts</a> college while pursuing my day job of developing awesome software technology. I currently live in the western region of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="About_making_Wikipedia_a_better_encyclopedia">About making Wikipedia a better encyclopedia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: About making Wikipedia a better encyclopedia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This I believe... </p> <ul><li><i>"<a class="external text" href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2006-July/050773.html">If it is true, it should be easy to supply a reference. If it is not true, it should be removed.</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>"I really want to encourage a much stronger culture which says: it is better to have no information, than to have information like this, with no sources. Any editor who removes such things, and refuses to allow it back without an actual and appropriate source, should be the recipient of a barnstar."</i> <dl><dd>--Jimbo Wales, 19 July 2006</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>"The freedom to read and learn what you wish, without being spied upon, is a fundamental human right which is core to everything that we do and everything that we stand for."</i> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jimbo_Wales&oldid=590794196#Jimmy_-_honestly">--Jimbo Wales</a>. 15 January 2014</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Areas_of_interest">Areas of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Areas of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Emergence" title="Emergence">emergence</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">spontaneous order</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Socialsphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialsphere">Social system</a>, particularly as (often unintentionally) occasioned by advances in <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Top-down_and_bottom-up_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-down and bottom-up design">bottom-up</a> <a href="/wiki/Self-organization" title="Self-organization">self-organization</a> of humans in a <a href="/wiki/Complex_adaptive_system" title="Complex adaptive system">complex adaptive system</a>. While economics is a popular discipline in the academy today, the bottom-up spontaneous order perspective is under-studied and under-theorized. The "professionals" of the field often serve as paid <a href="/wiki/Shill" title="Shill">priests</a> of whatever group pays their salary.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theory">political theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a>; but NOT <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a>!</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">human innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">institutions</a> and institutionalized <i>"rules of the game,"</i> informal and formal, that affect the type of social order that may emerge in any particular <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">polity</a></li> <li>the interesting intersection of <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a>. This is a small area well outside the mainstream of each of the three disciplines as they exist today in academia, and is generally understudied and undertheorized.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological">psychological</a> effects manifesting in human behavior in the <a href="/wiki/Financial_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial markets">financial markets</a></li> <li>all things <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a>, especially dynamic change that becomes possible in <a href="/wiki/Energy_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy technology">energy technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Energy_economics" title="Energy economics">energy markets</a> when relatively free markets and liberal regulatory environments exist. I have a side interest in <a href="/wiki/Alternative_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative energy">alternative energy</a> with personal experience in <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Passive_solar_building_design" title="Passive solar building design">passive solar building</a> design and construction.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">private</a> <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">space</a> ventures -- recent <a href="/wiki/NewSpace" class="mw-redirect" title="NewSpace">new</a> <a href="/wiki/Competition" title="Competition">competition</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">national</a>-<a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">governmental</a> space initiatives of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_spaceflight" title="History of spaceflight">early decades of the space age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer software">software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded system</a> <a href="/wiki/Technology_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology development">technology development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a> -- the <i>process</i> of <a href="/wiki/Planning" title="Planning">mutual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">concatenate</a> coordination of human efforts to design and build software that is on-time, on-budget and meets the customer requirement.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockchain_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockchain 2.0">next-generation communication and computing technology</a> that will help facilitate the (currently unknown, and humanly unknowable) order that will <a href="/wiki/Emergence" title="Emergence">emerge</a> in the coming years.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Emergence" title="Emergence">emergence</a> of <a href="/wiki/Layman" class="mw-redirect" title="Layman">lay</a> medical understanding in complex and rapidly changing medical disciplines. For example, the expansion of knowledge among non-medical professionals, typically parents and friends of affected children, about <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pleiotropic" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:pleiotropic">pleiotropic</a> <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">genetic disorders</a>, both <a href="/wiki/Syndrome" title="Syndrome">genetic syndromes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">genetic diseases</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Editor_-_platinum_star_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Editor_-_platinum_star_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="196" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="196" /></a><figcaption>This editor is a <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Service_awards#Master_Editor_(or_Illustrious_Looshpah)" title="Wikipedia:Service awards">Master Editor</a></b> and is entitled to display this <b><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> Editor Star</b>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="What_I've_been_up_to"><span id="What_I.27ve_been_up_to"></span>What I've been up to</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: What I've been up to"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.wikichecker.com/user/?t=N2e&l=all">WikiChecker edit counter</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pcount/index.php?name=N2e&lang=en&wiki=wikipedia">X!'s edit counter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~luxo/contributions/contributions.php?user=N2e&lang=">Luxo edit counter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~river/cgi-bin/count_edits?user=N2e&dbname=enwiki_p">Wikimedia edit counter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="What_Wikipedia_readers_and_editors_have_been_up_to">What Wikipedia readers and editors have been up to</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: What Wikipedia readers and editors have been up to"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>For Wikipedia article traffic statistics, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.grok.se/">stats.grok.se</a>.</li> <li>For article editing statistics, see <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vs.aka-online.de/cgi-bin/wppagehiststat.pl">aka-online.de page history statistics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikidashboard.appspot.com/enwiki/wiki/Main_Page">wikidashboard</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pending_or_current_Wikipedia_projects">Pending or current Wikipedia projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pending or current Wikipedia projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Improve Wikipedia coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Emergent" class="mw-disambig" title="Emergent">emerging</a> <a href="/wiki/NewSpace" class="mw-redirect" title="NewSpace">NewSpace</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alt.space" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt.space">alt.space</a>) aspect of <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">spaceflight</a>: <a href="/wiki/Competition" title="Competition">competition</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">national</a>-<a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">governmental</a> space initiatives of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_spaceflight" title="History of spaceflight">early decades of the space age</a>.</li> <li>Get <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Burlamaqui" title="Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui">Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui</a> a bit better placed on the Wikipedia map. Further extend the limited view that came entirely from a copy of the (quite outdated) 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica with nothing reflecting recent scholarship on his role in constitutional theory and impact on the American founders.</li> <li>Endeavor to help improve Wikipedia citations by relentlessly tagging for <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Cleanup#Verifiability_and_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup">Cleanup</a></i> articles I happen upon.</li> <li>Get an article up on the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Building_Temperature_Restrictions" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency Building Temperature Restrictions">Emergency Building Temperature Restrictions</a> which were promulgated late in the <a href="/wiki/Carter_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Carter Administration">Carter Administration</a> in July of 1979. This is an important chapter in US political history, and is an excellent example of the severe limitation of top-down hierarchical programs in a <a href="/wiki/Complex_adaptive_system" title="Complex adaptive system">complex adaptive economy</a>. It should not be missing from the Wikipedia archive as it is now.</li></ul> <p>~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ <b>N2e</b>, March 2010 (this is very far out of date, as of late 2014...) </p> <ul><li>Take a look at the <a href="/wiki/New_product_development" title="New product development">New product development</a> article: the current (Dec 2014) instance is overly focused on merely the marketing and sales conceptualization of NPD. Need to get the equally-applicable parallel technical side of development better represented, dealing with requirements --> design --> build prototypes and write software --> validate and test --> release side on the map, as it is quite underrepresented in that article.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="WikiProject_Spaceflight_and_Astronomy/Astrophysics_links"><span id="WikiProject_Spaceflight_and_Astronomy.2FAstrophysics_links"></span>WikiProject Spaceflight and Astronomy/Astrophysics links</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: WikiProject Spaceflight and Astronomy/Astrophysics links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spaceflight/Assessment" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Spaceflight/Assessment">article assessment</a></li> <li>GW's <a href="/wiki/User:GW_Simulations/AOS" class="mw-redirect" title="User:GW Simulations/AOS">audit of orbital spaceflights</a></li></ul> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;"><p><span style="float:left;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="This template contains clickable links"><img alt="This template contains clickable links" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/12px-Interactive_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/18px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/24px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></span></p><div style="float: left;font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Clickable" class="mw-redirect" title="Clickable">Clickable</a></div><div style="float: right;font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/User:Drbogdan/ScienceFacts" title="User:Drbogdan/ScienceFacts">view</a> • <a href="/wiki/User_talk:Drbogdan/ScienceFacts" title="User talk:Drbogdan/ScienceFacts">discuss</a>)</div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">TOP TEN SCIENCE FACTS</a> – by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Drbogdan">Dr. Dennis Bogdan</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/User:Drbogdan/ScienceNews" title="User:Drbogdan/ScienceNews">test</a>)</small></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_science" title="List of years in science">HIGHLIGHTS by Years</a> (<small>including <a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_science#2000s" title="List of years in science">2000s</a></small>); <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_of_the_Year" title="Breakthrough of the Year">Breakthroughs</a>; <a href="/wiki/History_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Science"> History</a>; <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_science" title="Outline of science">Outline</a>; <a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines#Science" title="List of timelines">Timelines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Human_timeline" title="Template:Human timeline">Human</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Life_timeline" title="Template:Life timeline">Life</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Nature_timeline" title="Template:Nature timeline">Nature</a>); <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Science" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk/Science">Questions</a>.</div> <b><small><div style="text-align:center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yk5IWzTfWeM">"How Do We Know What Is TRUE?" (animated video; 2:52)</a></div></small></b> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">Astronomers</a> estimate<sup id="cite_ref-ESA-2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESA-2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that there are as many as "One <a href="/wiki/Names_of_large_numbers#Standard_dictionary_numbers" title="Names of large numbers">Septillion</a>" (10<sup>24</sup> or, 1 with 24 zeros) <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">stars</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Observable_Universe" class="mw-redirect" title="Observable Universe">observable Universe</a> – more stars (and earth-like planets) than all the <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">grains of beach sand</a> on planet <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a><sup id="cite_ref-SU-20020201_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SU-20020201-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNET-20150319_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNET-20150319-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MNRAS-20150313_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MNRAS-20150313-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – many more stars, at an estimated 10<sup>100</sup>, may be contained in a Universe (observed and unobserved) considered <a href="/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation (cosmology)">Inflationary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SR-20200203_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-20200203-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">Astronomers</a> confirm<sup id="cite_ref-EPE-2020_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPE-2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (as of July 24, 2024) => 7,026 <a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_Planets" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrasolar Planets">exoplanets</a> (in 4,949 <a href="/wiki/Planetary_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary systems">exoplanet systems</a> and 1007 <a href="/wiki/List_of_multiplanetary_systems" title="List of multiplanetary systems">multi-exoplanetary systems</a>) – after studying only a very, very small portion of the starry sky.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NGC7293_(2004).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NGC7293_%282004%29.jpg/85px-NGC7293_%282004%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NGC7293_%282004%29.jpg/128px-NGC7293_%282004%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/NGC7293_%282004%29.jpg/170px-NGC7293_%282004%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6145" data-file-height="6623" /></a><figcaption><div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Nebula" title="Nebula">Nebula</a></div></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">probes</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Features_and_artificial_objects_on_Mars" title="Template:Features and artificial objects on Mars">currently active</a> on the planet <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> (as of November 30, 2024) are the following:<br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_rover" title="Perseverance rover"><img alt="Perseverance rover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/CuriosityIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Perseverance_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseverance rover"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> => 1344 <a href="/wiki/Timekeeping_on_Mars#Sols" title="Timekeeping on Mars">sols</a> (1381 <a href="/wiki/Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Days">days</a>) (3 years, 286 days) (landed February 18, 2021).<br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_rover" title="Curiosity rover"><img alt="Curiosity rover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/CuriosityIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Curiosity_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Curiosity rover"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> => 4379 <a href="/wiki/Timekeeping_on_Mars#Sols" title="Timekeeping on Mars">sols</a> (4499 <a href="/wiki/Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Days">days</a>) (12 years, 116 days) (landed August 6, 2012).<br /> (<small><a href="/wiki/File:PIA15882-Mars_Curiosity_Rover-USA-Flag.jpg" title="File:PIA15882-Mars Curiosity Rover-USA-Flag.jpg">USA flag on Mars</a> – <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Mars" title="Atmosphere of Mars">Mars Weather</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/weather/"><i>Perseverance</i></a>*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/weather/"><i>Curiosity</i></a>*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/weather/"><i>InSight</i></a> – <a href="/wiki/Mars_Rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Rocks">Mars rocks</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://1drv.ms/i/s!AqhU0NUItzpWgrgd6WtEs2_rMofSaw">Martians found?</a><sup id="cite_ref-360C-2020_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-360C-2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small>).</li></ul> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spaceship</a> from planet <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> speeding 165,000 miles an hour (as fast as our <a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)">fastest one</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-SPC-20160824_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPC-20160824-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would take nearly 20,000 years<sup id="cite_ref-SPC-20160824_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPC-20160824-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LJ-2020_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJ-2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to travel beyond our <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> to the nearest star <a href="/wiki/Proxima_Centauri" title="Proxima Centauri">Proxima Centauri</a> – with no worthy place to land.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spaceship_Earth" title="Spaceship Earth">Spaceship planet Earth</a> is speeding about <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Archives/Science/2019_July_20#How_fast_are_we_moving_through_space?" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2019 July 20">"One Million" miles an hour</a><sup id="cite_ref-NASA-2007_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-2007-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">outer space</a> and, along with the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way_Galaxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Milky Way Galaxy">Milky Way Galaxy</a>, is traveling toward <a href="/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a>. <small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Archives/Science/2019_July_20#How_fast_are_we_moving_through_space?" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2019 July 20">WikiTalk</a>)</small></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halobacteria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/85px-Halobacteria.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/128px-Halobacteria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/170px-Halobacteria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="251" /></a><figcaption><div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">Archaea</a></div></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">Universe</a> contains <a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">life</a> – on planet <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> – <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">at least</a> – and – we are not alone – <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">life abounds</a> – <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">wherever we are</a> – <a href="/wiki/Human_microbiota" class="mw-redirect" title="Human microbiota">with microorganisms</a> – at the very minimum.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20120614_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20120614-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist">Biologists</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Life_timeline" title="Template:Life timeline">currently understand</a> that <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microorganisms</a> were the <a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">only known life forms</a> present during the <a href="/wiki/Template:Life_timeline" title="Template:Life timeline">earliest 85% of time</a> since the planet <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> was formed <a href="/wiki/Age_of_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of the Earth">4.54 billion years ago</a> – <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animals</a> appear much more recently – in the <a href="/wiki/Template:Life_timeline" title="Template:Life timeline">latest 15% of time</a> – <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens#Anatomical_modernity" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Modern Humans</a>, much more recently yet – in less than the <a href="/wiki/Template:Human_timeline" title="Template:Human timeline">latest 0.005% of time</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist">Biologists</a> have estimated that over 99%<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20141108_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20141108-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">all species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_life_forms" title="Outline of life forms">life forms</a> that <a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">have ever lived</a> on planet <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> are now <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a>. Further, the total number of <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">living cells</a> on the Earth currently is estimated to be 10<sup>30</sup>; the total number since the beginning of Earth as 10<sup>40</sup>, and the total number for the entire time of a <a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">habitable planet Earth</a> as 10<sup>41</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20231201_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20231201-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CB-20231106_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CB-20231106-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">Chemists</a> have determined that <a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">all life forms</a> on planet <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> are based on <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">one particular chemical</a> – with <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_biology" title="Outline of biology">astronomical variations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DB-20200216_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DB-20200216-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NIH-2002_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH-2002-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">Physicists</a> have estimated that there is about 10<sup>82</sup> (1 with 82 zeros) <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoms</a><sup id="cite_ref-LS-20210711_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-20210711-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Observable_Universe" class="mw-redirect" title="Observable Universe">observable Universe</a>, and that additionally, at least 99.9999999%<sup id="cite_ref-SA-20160923_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA-20160923-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of all the <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">Universe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length)#Subatomic_scale" title="Orders of magnitude (length)">from the very small to the very large</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Space" title="Space">empty space</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center;"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em">References (CLICK "[show]" on the right)<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(NOTE: If ads or paywall, *<a href="/wiki/List_of_Web_archiving_initiatives" title="List of Web archiving initiatives">Click Archived version</a>* or *<a href="/wiki/Cut,_copy,_and_paste" title="Cut, copy, and paste">CopyPaste link to new Browser tab</a>*)</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ESA-2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ESA-2020_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStaff2020" class="citation web cs1">Staff (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Herschel/How_many_stars_are_there_in_the_Universe">"How many stars are there in the Universe?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ph/qq35Q">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Thank Your 100 Trillion Bacteria"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ph/wip/tfQ5U">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Good+Health%3F+Thank+Your+100+Trillion+Bacteria&rft.date=2012-06-14&rft.aulast=Kolata&rft.aufirst=Gina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F06%2F14%2Fhealth%2Fhuman-microbiome-project-decodes-our-100-trillion-good-bacteria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AN2e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20141108-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20141108_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovacek2014" class="citation news cs1">Novacek, Michael J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Prehistory%27s+Brilliant+Future&rft.date=2014-11-08&rft.aulast=Novacek&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F11%2F09%2Fopinion%2Fsunday%2Fprehistorys-brilliant-future.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AN2e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20231201-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20231201_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOverbye2023" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Overbye" title="Dennis Overbye">Overbye, Dennis</a> (December 1, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/01/science/space/earth-biology-life.html">"Exactly How Much Life Is on Earth? - According to a new study, living cells outnumber stars in the universe, highlighting the deep, underrated link between geophysics and biology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ph/yoG83">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Exactly+How+Much+Life+Is+on+Earth%3F+-+According+to+a+new+study%2C+living+cells+outnumber+stars+in+the+universe%2C+highlighting+the+deep%2C+underrated+link+between+geophysics+and+biology.&rft.date=2023-12-01&rft.aulast=Overbye&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F12%2F01%2Fscience%2Fspace%2Fearth-biology-life.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AN2e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CB-20231106-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CB-20231106_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrockford,_Peter_W.2023" class="citation journal cs1">Crockford, Peter W.; et al. (November 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(23)01286-1">"The geologic history of primary productivity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Current_Biology" title="Current Biology">Current Biology</a></i>. <b>33</b> (21): P7741–4750.E5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2023.09.040">10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.040</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37827153">37827153</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ph/wip/ncq6k">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21171/">"Chapter 5. DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information"</a>. <i>Book: Biochemistry. 5th edition</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Book%3A+Biochemistry.+5th+edition.&rft.atitle=Chapter+5.+DNA%2C+RNA%2C+and+the+Flow+of+Genetic+Information&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=J.M.&rft.au=Tymoczko%2C+J.L.&rft.au=Stryer%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK21171%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AN2e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LS-20210711-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LS-20210711_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2021" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Harry (July 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/how-many-atoms-in-universe.html">"How many atoms are in the observable universe?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Live_Science" title="Live Science">Live Science</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ph/wip/VTWT0">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Live+Science&rft.atitle=How+many+atoms+are+in+the+observable+universe%3F&rft.date=2021-07-11&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2Fhow-many-atoms-in-universe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AN2e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SA-20160923-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SA-20160923_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSundermier2016" class="citation web cs1">Sundermier, Ali (September 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/99-9999999-of-your-body-is-empty-space">"99.9999999% of Your Body Is Empty Space"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ScienceAlert" title="ScienceAlert">ScienceAlert</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ph/wip/fMcOk">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ScienceAlert&rft.atitle=99.9999999%25+of+Your+Body+Is+Empty+Space&rft.date=2016-09-23&rft.aulast=Sundermier&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencealert.com%2F99-9999999-of-your-body-is-empty-space&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3AN2e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 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title="Portal:Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/29px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/17px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/26px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/34px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Physics" title="Portal:Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/29px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/19px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/30px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/39px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li></ul></div> </blockquote> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_emerging_place_of_Wikipedia">The emerging place of Wikipedia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The emerging place of Wikipedia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;"><p><span style="float:left;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="This template contains clickable links"><img alt="This template contains clickable links" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/12px-Interactive_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/18px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/24px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></span></p><div style="float: left;font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Clickable" class="mw-redirect" title="Clickable">Clickable</a></div><div style="float: right;font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/User:Drbogdan/WikipediaOverview" title="User:Drbogdan/WikipediaOverview">view</a> • <a href="/wiki/User_talk:Drbogdan/WikipediaOverview" title="User talk:Drbogdan/WikipediaOverview">discuss</a>)</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia"><span style="color:purple;"><i><b>WIKIPEDIA – The Free Encyclopedia</b></i></span></a></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">(Overview by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Drbogdan">Dr. Dennis Bogdan</a>)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:354px;max-width:354px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Wikipedia Facts</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Size_of_English_Wikipedia_(1000_vol).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Size_of_English_Wikipedia_%281000_vol%29.svg/350px-Size_of_English_Wikipedia_%281000_vol%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Size_of_English_Wikipedia_%281000_vol%29.svg/525px-Size_of_English_Wikipedia_%281000_vol%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Size_of_English_Wikipedia_%281000_vol%29.svg/700px-Size_of_English_Wikipedia_%281000_vol%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="352" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div align="center">Topics of 1000 randomly sampled articles (2016).</div></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Size_of_English_Wikipedia_in_August_2010_(L).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Size_of_English_Wikipedia_in_August_2010_%28L%29.svg/350px-Size_of_English_Wikipedia_in_August_2010_%28L%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Size_of_English_Wikipedia_in_August_2010_%28L%29.svg/525px-Size_of_English_Wikipedia_in_August_2010_%28L%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Size_of_English_Wikipedia_in_August_2010_%28L%29.svg/700px-Size_of_English_Wikipedia_in_August_2010_%28L%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1601" data-file-height="302" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div align="center">Size of a printed version of Wikipedia (2010).</div></div></div></div></div></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/WIKIPEDIA" class="mw-redirect" title="WIKIPEDIA">WIKIPEDIA</a></b> – The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org"><b>5th</b></a> most <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org">popular site on the Internet</a>, was launched on <b>January 15, 2001</b> (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=&diff=prev&oldid=258632986">1st edit</a> by <a href="/wiki/History_of_Wikipedia" title="History of Wikipedia">co-founder</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Jimmy Wales</a>), is currently published in <a href="/wiki/List_of_wikipedias" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wikipedias">over <b>300</b> languages</a>, has been freely available worldwide for <b>23 years, 10 months and 15 days</b> – <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_of_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Size of Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> has <b>64,024,698</b> <a href="/wiki/User:Drbogdan/STATS" title="User:Drbogdan/STATS">total articles</a> (<span style="color:red;"><b>6,917,834</b></span> in <a href="/wiki/English_Wikipedia" title="English Wikipedia">English</a> <a class="external text" href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaEN.htm"><small>(stats)</small></a>; <b><span style="color:red;">260,801</span></b> in <a href="/wiki/Simple_English_Wikipedia" title="Simple English Wikipedia">Simple English</a>) – <b>*<a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/pageviews/?project=en.wikipedia.org&platform=all-access&agent=user&range=latest-90&pages=The_arts%7CEarth%7CHistory_of_the_world%7CHuman%7CLanguage%7CLife%7CMathematics%7CPhilosophy%7CScience%7CTechnology">VITAL ARTICLES</a>*</b>: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vital_articles/Level/1" title="Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/1">10</a>–<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vital_articles/Level/2" title="Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/2">100</a>–<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VA">1000</a>; <b>*<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FA">BEST ARTICLES</a>*</b>: 51,725; <b>*<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Top_25_Report" title="Wikipedia:Top 25 Report">POPULAR ARTICLES</a>*</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wikiscan.org/grid">Last 24 hours</a>; Last Week: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Top_25_Report" title="Wikipedia:Top 25 Report">Top25</a>; <a href="/wiki/User:West.andrew.g/Popular_pages" title="User:West.andrew.g/Popular pages">Top5000</a> – and has (for the <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">English version</a>) <b>851</b> administrators and <b>122,331</b> active editors <span style="font-size:85%;">(includes <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_with_PhD_degrees">over <b>1,400</b> stated PhDs</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_with_MD_degrees">over <b>130</b> MDs</a>)</span> – as of 15:54, November 30, 2024 (UTC).<br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_comparisons#Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Size comparisons">Wikipedia => Is "<b>over 90 times</b>" the size of <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i> (2021)</a>. <small>(<a href="/wiki/User:Drbogdan/STATS" title="User:Drbogdan/STATS">calc</a>)</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/">Wikipedia => Is encoded in synthetic <b>DNA</b> strands (2019).</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/a-crashed-israeli-lunar-lander-spilled-tardigrades-on-the-moon/">Wikipedia => Is laser-etched in glass on the <b>Moon</b> (2019).</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_Wikipedia" title="Print Wikipedia">Wikipedia => Is available as <b>7,473 Books</b> for $500,000 (2015)</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_Monument" title="Wikipedia Monument">Wikipedia => Is honored with a <b>Monument</b> (2014)</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/274301_Wikipedia" title="274301 Wikipedia">Wikipedia => Is the name of an <b>Asteroid</b> (2013)</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2013/05/17/revenge_ego_and_the_corruption_of_wikipedia/">Wikipedia => "Is one of the <b>Jewels</b> in the internet’s crown."</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jimmy_Wales#C-SPAN_interview_(2005)" class="extiw" title="q:Jimmy Wales">Wikipedia</a> => <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/#la/en/Nos%20Auxilium%20Facere%20Interrete%20Non%20Lactaverunt."><i><b>"Nos Auxilium Facere Interrete Non Lactaverunt."</b></i></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prime_objective">Wikipedia => <i><b>"Imagine a world in which every single human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. That's what we're doing."</b></i></a></li></ul> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handy_Wikipedia_links_for_editing">Handy Wikipedia links for editing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Handy Wikipedia links for editing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UTM" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UTM">WP:UTM</a> - user talk messages, i.e., warnings</li> <li>Article improvement templates: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TC">cleanups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Refimprove" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Refimprove">Template:refimprove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Unreferenced" title="Template:Unreferenced">Template:unreferenced</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Cleanup#Verifiability_and_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup">Template:Verifiability and sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA for English">Help:IPA for English</a> - IPA codes for English words, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Pron-en&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Pron-en (page does not exist)">Template:pron-en</a> - template for English IPA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:N2e/WPhelpfulLinks" title="User:N2e/WPhelpfulLinks">N2e misc. links</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template talk:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines_(?)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wikipedia key <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">policies and guidelines</a> <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wikipedia's policies and guidelines are developed by the community to describe best practices, clarify principles, resolve conflicts, and otherwise further our goal.">(?)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Content <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="defines the scope of the encyclopedia and the material that is suitable for it">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Copyright</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">Copyright violations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Notability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autobiography" title="Wikipedia:Autobiography">Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">Reliable sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">Medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_include_the_full_text_of_lengthy_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources">Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">Plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_create_hoaxes" title="Wikipedia:Do not create hoaxes">Don't create hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories">Fringe theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patent_nonsense" title="Wikipedia:Patent nonsense">Patent nonsense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">External links</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Conduct <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="describes how editors can successfully collaborate and what behavior is acceptable">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Civility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Harassment" title="Wikipedia:Harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">No personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ownership_of_content" title="Wikipedia:Ownership of content">Ownership of content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_warring" title="Wikipedia:Edit warring">Edit warring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">Dispute resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry" title="Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry">Sockpuppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_legal_threats" title="Wikipedia:No legal threats">No legal threats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Child_protection" title="Wikipedia:Child protection">Child protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Paid-contribution_disclosure" title="Wikipedia:Paid-contribution disclosure">Paid-contribution disclosure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disruptive_editing" title="Wikipedia:Disruptive editing">Disruptive editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_disrupt_Wikipedia_to_illustrate_a_point" title="Wikipedia:Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point">Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gaming_the_system" title="Wikipedia:Gaming the system">Gaming the system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Please do not bite the newcomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Courtesy_vanishing" title="Wikipedia:Courtesy vanishing">Courtesy vanishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Responding_to_threats_of_harm" title="Wikipedia:Responding to threats of harm">Responding to threats of harm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Talk page guidelines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">Signatures</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Deletion <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="explains the processes by which pages, revisions, and logs may be deleted">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">Deletion policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion">Proposed deletion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion_of_biographies_of_living_people" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion of biographies of living people">Biographies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion">Criteria for speedy deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attack_page" title="Wikipedia:Attack page">Attack page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oversight" title="Wikipedia:Oversight">Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Revision_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Revision deletion">Revision deletion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Enforcement <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="explains the various means by which standards may be enforced">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Banning_policy" title="Wikipedia:Banning policy">Banning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">Page protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Editing <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="documents the various protocols about style and grouping">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editing_policy" title="Wikipedia:Editing policy">Editing policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">Summary style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold" title="Wikipedia:Be bold">Be bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Broad-concept_article" title="Wikipedia:Broad-concept article">Broad-concept article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template namespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Project content <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="protocols related to administration">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project namespace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">WikiProjects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userboxes" title="Wikipedia:Userboxes">User boxes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;;background: #dddddd;color:inherit;"><abbr title="Wikimedia Foundation">WMF</abbr> <abbr title="official policies and statements of the Wikimedia Foundation">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal; background: #e6e6e6;color:inherit;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policy:Universal Code of Conduct">Universal Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="wmf:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policies" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policies">List of policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Friendly_space_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Friendly space policy">Friendly space policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy">Licensing and copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;;font-weight: normal;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines">List of all policies and guidelines</a></b> <ul><li><b><span style="color:#118811;"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></span></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">List of policies</a></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></span></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">List of guidelines</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Summaries of values and principles</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_Also">See Also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:N2e&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See Also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Most_Important_Thing_Possible" title="Wikipedia:The Most Important Thing Possible">Wikipedia:The Most Important Thing Possible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deny_recognition" title="Wikipedia:Deny recognition">Wikipedia:Deny recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:There_is_no_deadline" title="Wikipedia:There is no deadline">Wikipedia:There is no deadline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Sdedeo/Advice_for_wikipedians" title="User:Sdedeo/Advice for wikipedians">Advice for Wikipedians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Uncle_G/On_notability" title="User:Uncle G/On notability">On notability</a></li></ul> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia editor</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation" style="border:1px solid var(--border-color-warning, #ffc9c9); background-color:var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fffff3); color:var(--color-base, inherit); margin-left:0; margin-right:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><b>This is a <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>Wiki</span><span>pedia</span></span> <a 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