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Anastasian Wall - Wikipedia
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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="الجدار الأناستازي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجدار الأناستازي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Анастасиеви стени – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Анастасиеви стени" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralla_d%27Anastasi" title="Muralla d'Anastasi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Muralla d'Anastasi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasiusmauer" title="Anastasiusmauer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anastasiusmauer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%A4%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Αναστάσειο Τείχος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αναστάσειο Τείχος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralla_de_Anastasio" title="Muralla de Anastasio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muralla de Anastasio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mur_d%27Anastase" title="Mur d'Anastase – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mur d'Anastase" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muro_anastasiano" title="Muro anastasiano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Muro anastasiano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84" title="اناستازيان وول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اناستازيان وول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muur_van_Anastasius" title="Muur van Anastasius – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Muur van Anastasius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralha_de_Anast%C3%A1cio" title="Muralha de Anastácio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Muralha de Anastácio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Анастасиева стена – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Анастасиева стена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasius_Suru" title="Anastasius Suru – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anastasius Suru" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q487013#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Anastasian_Wall&params=41_12_0_N_28_20_0_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°12′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°20′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.20000°N 28.33333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.20000; 28.33333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Defensive wall in Thrace</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Anastasian Wall</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">Ἀναστάσειον Τεῖχος <span class="languageicon">(in Greek)</span><br />Anastasius Suru <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Anastasian_Wall_path.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Anastasian_Wall_path.svg/220px-Anastasian_Wall_path.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Anastasian_Wall_path.svg/330px-Anastasian_Wall_path.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Anastasian_Wall_path.svg/440px-Anastasian_Wall_path.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map showing the course of the wall</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anastasian Wall is located in Turkey"><img alt="Anastasian Wall is located in Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Turkey_adm_location_map.svg/270px-Turkey_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Turkey_adm_location_map.svg/405px-Turkey_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Turkey_adm_location_map.svg/540px-Turkey_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="721" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.571%;left:14.966%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Anastasian Wall"><img alt="Anastasian Wall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Turkey</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Long Walls of Thrace</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanbul Province">Istanbul Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Anastasian_Wall&params=41_12_0_N_28_20_0_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°12′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°20′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.20000°N 28.33333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.20000; 28.33333</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">Defensive wall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">56 km (35 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">3.3 m (11 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">5 m (16 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Periods</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Medieval</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Anastasian Wall</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀναστάσειον Τεῖχος</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Anastáseion Teîchos</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Anastasius Suru</i>) or the <b>Long Walls of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a></b> (Greek: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Μακρὰ Τείχη τῆς Θράκης</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Makrà Teíchē tês Thrákēs</i></span>; Turkish: <i>Uzun Duvar</i>) or simply <b>Long Wall / Macron Teichos</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Μακρὸν τεῖχος</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an ancient stone and turf <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortification</a> located 64 km (40 mi) west of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, built by the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> during the late 5th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anastasian_Wall&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally some 56 km (35 mi) long, it stretches from Evcik İskelesi in <a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalca" title="Çatalca">Çatalca</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> coast across the Thracian <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> to the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a> at 6 km (3.7 mi) west of <a href="/wiki/Silivri" title="Silivri">Silivri</a> (ancient Selymbria). It ran from north to south through the locations what are today Karacaköy, Gümüşpınar, Pınarca, Kurfallı, Fener, Alipaşa Neighborhood and Silivri Altınorak. Remains of the wall are visible in Gümüşpınar junction in Karacaköy, Hisartepe in Yalıköy, Pınarca in İhsaniye and Kurfallı village.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wall was part of an additional outer defense system for <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, capital of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> and probably continued in use until the 7th century. </p><p>The wall was named after the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_(emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anastasius I (emperor)">Anastasius I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 491–518</span>). However, there is evidence that the fortification already existed in 469 during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(emperor)" title="Leo I (emperor)">Leo I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 457–474</span>) and in 478 in the era of <a href="/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)" title="Zeno (emperor)">Zeno</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 476–491</span>), and it was maintained and renewed by Anastasius in the time from 507 to 512. The wall had a thickness of 3.3 m (11 ft) and a height over 5 m (16 ft). It was built complete with towers, gates, forts, ditches and a military way to protect Constantinople from invasions from the west by <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a>. A rectangular <i><a href="/wiki/Castrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Castrum">castrum</a></i> with dimensions of 250 m (820 ft) by 300 m (980 ft) existed also in the central section of the wall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effectiveness">Effectiveness</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anastasian_Wall&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Effectiveness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is known that the wall had only a limited effectiveness, and various groups attacking Constantinople penetrated it many times, because the fortification's length made it difficult to defend the wall completely by a limited <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a>, and also because the wall was not sufficiently strong due to its hasty construction.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The wall fell into ruin after it was abandoned in the 7th century because of the difficulty of keeping it manned and repaired. Over the centuries, the stone of more than half of the total length was reused in other local buildings. It is best preserved in the woodlands of the northern sector.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anastasian_Wall&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Constantinople" title="Walls of Constantinople">Walls of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_walls" title="List of walls">List of walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87akmak_Line" title="Çakmak Line">Çakmak Line</a>, An abandoned Turkish defensive line for similar aims</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anastasian_Wall&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=macron-teichos-geo">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Macron Teichos</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0198:book=7:chapter=fragments">Strabo, Geography, 7, fragments</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalca.bel.tr/index.php/2013-06-11-14-21-4/2013-06-11-14-21-11">"Tarihi Eserler-Anastasios Surları"</a> (in Turkish). Çataca Belediyesi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tarihi+Eserler-Anastasios+Surlar%C4%B1&rft.pub=%C3%87ataca+Belediyesi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catalca.bel.tr%2Findex.php%2F2013-06-11-14-21-4%2F2013-06-11-14-21-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnastasian+Wall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazhdan1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a>, ed. (1991). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium"><i>Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 510, 1250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6"><bdi>978-0-19-504652-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.pages=510%2C+1250&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504652-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnastasian+Wall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanin1964" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Janin" title="Raymond Janin">Janin, Raymond</a> (1964). <i>Constantinople byzantine. Développement urbaine et répertoire topographique</i> (in French). pp. 261–262.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constantinople+byzantine.+D%C3%A9veloppement+urbaine+et+r%C3%A9pertoire+topographique&rft.pages=261-262&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Janin&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnastasian+Wall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anastasian_Wall&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuchhardt1901" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schuchhardt, C. (1901), "Die Anastasius-Mauer bei Constantinopel und die Dobrudcha-Wälle", <i>Jahrbuch des Kaiserlich Deutschen Arhäologischen Instituts</i> (in German), <b>XVI</b>: 107–127</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jahrbuch+des+Kaiserlich+Deutschen+Arh%C3%A4ologischen+Instituts&rft.atitle=Die+Anastasius-Mauer+bei+Constantinopel+und+die+Dobrudcha-W%C3%A4lle&rft.volume=XVI&rft.pages=107-127&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Schuchhardt&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnastasian+Wall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrow1995" class="citation cs2">Crow, J.G. (1995), "The Long Walls of Thrace", in Mango, Cyril; Dagron, Gilbert (eds.), <i>Constantinople and its Hinterland: Papers from the Twenty-seventh Spring Symposium on Byzantine Studies, Oxford, April 1993</i>, Variorum, pp. 109–124, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86078-487-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-86078-487-8"><bdi>0-86078-487-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Long+Walls+of+Thrace&rft.btitle=Constantinople+and+its+Hinterland%3A+Papers+from+the+Twenty-seventh+Spring+Symposium+on+Byzantine+Studies%2C+Oxford%2C+April+1993&rft.pages=109-124&rft.pub=Variorum&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-86078-487-8&rft.aulast=Crow&rft.aufirst=J.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnastasian+Wall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowRicci1997" class="citation cs2">Crow, J.G.; Ricci, A. (1997), "Investigating the hinterland of Constantinople: interim report on the Anastasian Long Wall", <i>Journal of Roman Archaeology</i>, <b>10</b>: 253–288</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Roman+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Investigating+the+hinterland+of+Constantinople%3A+interim+report+on+the+Anastasian+Long+Wall&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=253-288&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Crow&rft.aufirst=J.G.&rft.au=Ricci%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnastasian+Wall" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anastasian_Wall" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Anastasian Wall">Anastasian Wall</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐mjpz6 Cached time: 20241122151539 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.483 seconds Real time usage: 0.608 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2015/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32910/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4358/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24376/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.353/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17239038/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 570.448 1 -total 48.21% 275.003 1 Template:Infobox_ancient_site 47.19% 269.185 1 Template:Infobox 21.49% 122.596 1 Template:Reflist 18.07% 103.054 2 Template:In_lang 15.64% 89.192 1 Template:Cite_web 14.12% 80.561 1 Template:Short_description 11.53% 65.779 1 Template:Location_map 7.34% 41.889 10 Template:Convert 6.97% 39.775 2 Template:Pagetype --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:3200629-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122151539 and revision id 1253946104. 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