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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Profile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-GML_Simple_Features_Profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GML_Simple_Features_Profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>GML Simple Features Profile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GML_Simple_Features_Profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subset_tool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subset_tool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Subset tool</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subset_tool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Application_schema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Application_schema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Application schema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Application_schema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_public_GML_Application_Schemas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_public_GML_Application_Schemas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>List of public GML Application Schemas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_public_GML_Application_Schemas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GML_and_KML" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GML_and_KML"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>GML and KML</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GML_and_KML-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GML_geometries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GML_geometries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>GML geometries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GML_geometries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coordinates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coordinates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Coordinates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coordinates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coordinate_reference_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coordinate_reference_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Coordinate reference system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coordinate_reference_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Features_using_geometries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features_using_geometries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Features using geometries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features_using_geometries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Point_Profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Point_Profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Point Profile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Point_Profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_work_–_to_OGC_recommendation_paper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_work_–_to_OGC_recommendation_paper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Initial work – to OGC recommendation paper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_work_–_to_OGC_recommendation_paper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moving_to_XML_Schema_–_Version_2." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moving_to_XML_Schema_–_Version_2."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Moving to XML Schema – Version 2.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moving_to_XML_Schema_–_Version_2.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GML_and_G-XML_(Japan)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GML_and_G-XML_(Japan)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>GML and G-XML (Japan)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GML_and_G-XML_(Japan)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Towards_ISO_–_GML_3.0_broadens_the_scope_of_GML" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Towards_ISO_–_GML_3.0_broadens_the_scope_of_GML"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Towards ISO – GML 3.0 broadens the scope of GML</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Towards_ISO_–_GML_3.0_broadens_the_scope_of_GML-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Standards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Standards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Standards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ISO_19136" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISO_19136"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>ISO 19136</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISO_19136-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC_%EB%A7%88%ED%81%AC%EC%97%85_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="지리 마크업 언어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지리 마크업 언어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GML" title="GML – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="GML" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Geography Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GML" title="GML – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="GML" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="地理标记语言 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地理标记语言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q926165#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">XML grammar for geographical features</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">Geography Markup Language</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_vector_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Simple_vector_map.svg/250px-Simple_vector_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Simple_vector_map.svg/375px-Simple_vector_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Simple_vector_map.svg/500px-Simple_vector_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A vector map, with points, polylines and polygons.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.gml</code> or <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.xml</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> application/gml+xml<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium" title="Open Geospatial Consortium">Open Geospatial Consortium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">2000<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2000</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3.2.1<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />27 August 2007<span class="noprint">; 17 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2007-08-27</span>)</span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic Information System">Geographic Information System</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Extended from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=32554">ISO 19136:2007</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Geography Markup Language</b> (<b>GML</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> grammar defined by the <a href="/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium" title="Open Geospatial Consortium">Open Geospatial Consortium</a> (OGC) to express geographical features. GML serves as a modeling language for geographic systems as well as an open interchange format for geographic transactions on the Internet. Key to GML's utility is its ability to integrate all forms of geographic information, including not only conventional "vector" or discrete objects, but coverages (see also <a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000#GML_JP2_georeferencing" title="JPEG 2000">GMLJP2</a>) and sensor data. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GML_model">GML model</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: GML model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GML contains a rich set of <a href="/wiki/Geometric_primitive" title="Geometric primitive">primitives</a> which are used to build application specific schemas or application languages. These primitives include: </p> <ul><li><a href="#Features">Feature</a></li> <li>Geometry</li> <li><a href="#Coordinate_reference_system">Coordinate reference system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_topology" title="Geospatial topology">Topology</a></li> <li>Time</li> <li>Dynamic feature</li> <li>Coverage (including geographic images)</li> <li>Unit of measure</li> <li>Directions</li> <li>Observations</li> <li>Map presentation styling rules</li></ul> <p>The original GML model was based on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">Resource Description Framework</a> (RDF). Subsequently, the OGC introduced <a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">XML schemas</a> into GML's structure to help connect the various existing geographic databases, whose relational structure XML schemas more easily defined. The resulting XML-schema-based GML retains many features of RDF, including the idea of child elements as properties of the parent object (RDFS) and the use of remote property references. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Profile">Profile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>GML profiles</b> are logical restrictions to GML, and may be expressed by a document, an <a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">XML schema</a> or both. These profiles are intended to simplify adoption of GML, to facilitate rapid adoption of the standard. The following <i>profiles</i>, as defined by the GML specification, have been published or proposed for public use: </p> <ul><li>A <i><a href="#Point_Profile">Point Profile</a></i> for applications with point geometric data but without the need for the full GML grammar;</li> <li>A <i><a href="#GML_Simple_Features_Profile">GML Simple Features profile</a></i> supporting vector feature requests and transactions, e.g. with a <a href="/wiki/Web_Feature_Service" title="Web Feature Service">WFS</a>;</li> <li>A GML profile for <a href="/wiki/Jpeg2000#GML_JP2_georeferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Jpeg2000">GMLJP2</a> (GML in JPEG 2000);</li> <li>A GML profile for <a href="/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a>.</li></ul> <p><i>Profiles</i> are distinct from <a href="#Application_schema">application schemas</a>. <i>Profiles</i> are part of GML <a href="/wiki/Namespace" title="Namespace">namespaces</a> (Open GIS GML) and define restricted subsets of GML. Application schemas are XML vocabularies defined using GML and which live in an application-defined target namespace. Application schemas can be built on specific GML profiles or use the full GML schema set. </p><p>Profiles are often created in support for GML derived languages (see <a href="#Application_schema">application schemas</a>) created in support of particular application domains such as commercial aviation, nautical charting or resource exploitation. </p><p>The GML Specification (Since GML v3.) contains a pair of <a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a> scripts (usually referred to as the "subset tool") that can be used to construct GML profiles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="GML_Simple_Features_Profile">GML Simple Features Profile</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: GML Simple Features Profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>GML Simple Features Profile</i> is a more complete profile of GML than the above <i>Point Profile</i> and supports a wide range of vector feature objects, including the following: </p> <ol><li>A reduced geometry model allowing 0d, 1d and 2d linear geometric objects (all based on linear interpolation) and the corresponding aggregate geometries (gml:MultiPoint, gml:MultiCurve, etc.).</li> <li>A simplified feature model which can only be one level deep (in the general GML model, arbitrary nesting of features and feature properties is not permitted).</li> <li>All non-geometric properties must be XML Schema simple types – i.e. cannot contain nested elements.</li> <li>Remote property value references (xlink:href) just like in the main GML specification.</li></ol> <p>Since the profile aims to provide a simple entry point, it does not provide support for the following: </p> <ul><li>coverages</li> <li>topology</li> <li>observations</li> <li>value objects (for real time sensor data)</li> <li>dynamic features</li></ul> <p>Nonetheless it supports a good variety of real world problems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subset_tool">Subset tool</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Subset tool"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition, the GML specification provides a <i>subset tool</i> to generate GML profiles containing a user-specified list of components. The tool consists of three XSLT scripts. The scripts generate a profile that a developer may extend manually or otherwise enhance through schema restriction. As restrictions of the full GML specification, application schemas that a profile can generate must themselves be valid GML application schemas. </p><p>The subset tool can generate profiles for many other reasons as well. Listing the elements and attributes to include in the resultant profile schema and running the tool results in a single profile schema file containing only the user-specified items and all of the element, attribute and type declarations on which the specified items depend. Some Profile schemas created in this manner support other specifications including <a href="/wiki/IHO" class="mw-redirect" title="IHO">IHO</a> <a href="/wiki/IHO#Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="IHO">S-57</a> and GML in JPEG 2000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Application_schema">Application schema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Application schema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to expose an application's geographic data with GML, a community or organization creates an XML schema specific to the application domain of interest (the <i>application schema</i>). This schema describes the object types whose data the community is interested in and which community applications must expose. For example, an application for tourism may define object types including monuments, places of interest, museums, road exits, and viewpoints in its <i>application schema</i>. Those object types in turn reference the primitive object types defined in the GML standard. </p><p>Some other markup languages for geography use schema constructs, but GML builds on the existing XML schema model instead of creating a new schema language. Application <a href="/wiki/XML_schema" title="XML schema">schemas</a> are normally designed using <a href="/wiki/ISO_19103" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19103">ISO 19103</a> (Geographic information – Conceptual schema language)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conformant <a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">UML</a>, and then the GML Application created by following the rules given in Annex E of <a href="/wiki/ISO_19136" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19136">ISO 19136</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_public_GML_Application_Schemas">List of public GML Application Schemas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of public GML Application Schemas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following is a list of known, publicly accessible GML Application Schemas: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIXM" title="AIXM">AIXM</a> Aeronautical Information eXchange Model ( see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070316222918/http://www.aixm.aero/public/subsite_homepage/homepage.html">http://aixm.aero</a> – Commercial Aviation Related Schema)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/caaml/">CAAML</a> – Canadian Avalanche Association Markup Language</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CityGML" title="CityGML">CityGML</a> – a common information model and GML application schema for virtual 3D city / regional models.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coverage_data" title="Coverage data">Coverages</a> – an interoperable, encoding-neutral information model for the digital representation of spatio-temporally varying phenomena (such as sensor, image, model, and statistics data), based on the abstract model of <a href="/wiki/ISO_19123" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19123">ISO 19123</a></li> <li>Climate Science Modelling Language (CSML)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Darwin Core GML application schema. An implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Darwin_Core" title="Darwin Core">Darwin Core</a> schema in GML for sharing <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> occurrence data.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoSciML" title="GeoSciML">GeoSciML</a> – from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgi-iugs.org/">IUGS Commission for Geoscience Information</a></li> <li>GPML – the <a href="/wiki/GPlates" title="GPlates">GPlates</a> Markup Language, an information model and application schema for plate-tectonics<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ogc.org/standards/infragml">InfraGML</a> - a GML implementation initiated 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reflecting the then missing update of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landxml.org/">LandXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSPIRE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSPIRE">INSPIRE</a> application schemas<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWXXM" title="IWXXM">IWXXM</a> – Aviation weather GML application schema</li> <li>NcML/GML – NetCDF-GML<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observations_and_Measurements" title="Observations and Measurements">Observations and Measurements</a> schema for observation metadata and results</li> <li>OS MasterMap GML<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SensorML" title="SensorML">SensorML</a> schema for describing instruments and processing chains</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soterml" title="Soterml">SoTerML</a> schema for describing Soil and Terrain data</li> <li>TigerGML – US Census<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/NRInfo/WaterQualityDataPublishing">Water Quality Data Project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080721161945/https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/NRInfo/WaterQualityDataPublishing">Archived</a> 2008-07-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from Dept. of Natural Resources, New South Wales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXXM_(data_model)" title="WXXM (data model)">WXXM</a> – Weather Information Exchange Model</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indoorgml.net/">IndoorGML</a> – an OGC standard for an open data model and XML schema for indoor spatial information.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GML_and_KML">GML and KML</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: GML and KML"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_Markup_Language" title="Keyhole Markup Language">KML</a>, made popular by Google, complements GML. Whereas GML is a language to encode geographic content for any application, by describing a spectrum of application objects and their properties (e.g. bridges, roads, buoys, vehicles etc.), KML is a language for the visualization of geographic information tailored for <a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a>. KML can be used to render GML content, and GML content can be “styled” using KML for the purposes of presentation. KML is first and foremost a 3D portrayal transport, not a data exchange transport. As a result of this significant difference in purpose, encoding GML content for portrayal using KML results in significant and unrecoverable loss of structure and identity in the resulting KML. Over 90% of GML's structures (such as, to name a few, metadata, <a href="/wiki/Coordinate_reference_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinate reference system">coordinate reference systems</a>, horizontal and vertical datums, geometric integrity of circles, ellipses, arcs, etc.) cannot be transformed to KML without loss or non-standard encoding. Similarly, due to KML's design as a portrayal transport, encoding KML content in GML will result in significant loss of KML portrayal structures such as regions, level of detail rules, viewing and animation information, as well as styling information and multiscale representation. The ability to portray placemarks at multiple levels of details distinguishes KML from GML, since portrayal is outside the scope of GML.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GML_geometries">GML geometries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: GML geometries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GML encodes the <i>GML geometries</i>, or <i>geometric characteristics</i>, of geographic objects as elements within GML documents according to the "vector" model. The geometries of those objects may describe, for example, roads, rivers, and bridges. </p><p>The key GML geometry object types in GML 1.0 and GML 2.0, are the following: </p> <ul><li>Point</li> <li>LineString</li> <li>Polygon</li></ul> <p>GML 3.0 and higher also includes structures to describe "coverage" information, the "raster" model, such as gathered via remote sensors and images, including most satellite data. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features">Features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GML defines <i>features</i> distinct from <i>geometry objects</i>. A <i>feature</i> is an application object that represents a physical entity, e.g. a building, a river, or a person. A <i>feature</i> may or may not have geometric aspects. A <i>geometry object</i> defines a location or region instead of a physical entity, and hence is different from a <i>feature</i>. </p><p>In GML, a <i>feature</i> can have various geometry properties that describe geometric aspects or characteristics of the feature (e.g. the feature's <i>Point</i> or <i>Extent</i> properties). GML also provides the ability for <i>features</i> to share a geometry property with one another by using a <i>remote property reference</i> on the shared geometry property. Remote properties are a general feature of GML borrowed from RDF. An <i>xlink:href</i> attribute on a GML geometry property means that the value of the property is the resource referenced in the link. </p><p>For example, a <i>Building</i> feature in a particular GML application schema might have a position given by the primitive GML geometry object type <i>Point</i>. However, the <i>Building</i> is a separate entity from the <i>Point</i> that defines its position. In addition, a <i>feature</i> may have several geometry properties (or none at all), for example an <i>extent</i> and a <i>position</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coordinates">Coordinates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Coordinates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Coordinates</i> in GML represent the coordinates of <i>geometry objects</i>. Coordinates can be specified by any of the following GML elements: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:coordinates></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:pos></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:posList></span> </pre></div> <p>GML has multiple ways to represent coordinates. For example, the <code><gml:coordinates></code> element can be used, as follows: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:Point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">gml:id=</span><span class="s">"p21"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">srsName=</span><span class="s">"http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:coordinates></span>45.67,<span class="w"> </span>88.56<span class="nt"></gml:coordinates></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></gml:Point></span> </pre></div> <p>When expressed as above, the individual coordinates (e.g. <i>88.56</i>) are not separately accessible through the <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a> since the content of the <code><gml:coordinates></code> element is just a single string. </p><p>To make GML coordinates accessible through the XML DOM, GML 3.0 introduced the <code><gml:pos></code> and <code><gml:posList></code> elements. (Although GML versions 1 and 2 had the <code><gml:coord></code> element, it is treated as a defect and is not used.) Using the <code><gml:pos></code> element instead of the <code><gml:coordinates></code> element, the same point can be represented as follows: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:Point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">gml:id=</span><span class="s">"p21"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">srsName=</span><span class="s">"http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:pos</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">srsDimension=</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="nt">></span>45.67<span class="w"> </span>88.56<span class="nt"></gml:pos></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></gml:Point></span> </pre></div> <p>The coordinates of a <code><gml:LineString></code> geometry object can be represented with the <code><gml:coordinates></code> element: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:LineString</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">gml:id=</span><span class="s">"p21"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">srsName=</span><span class="s">"http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:coordinates></span>45.67,<span class="w"> </span>88.56<span class="w"> </span>55.56,89.44<span class="nt"></gml:coordinates></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></gml:LineString ></span> </pre></div> <p>The <code><gml:posList></code> element is used to represent a list of coordinate tuples, as required for linear geometries: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:LineString</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">gml:id=</span><span class="s">"p21"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">srsName=</span><span class="s">"http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:posList</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">srsDimension=</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="nt">></span>45.67<span class="w"> </span>88.56<span class="w"> </span>55.56<span class="w"> </span>89.44<span class="nt"></gml:posList></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></gml:LineString ></span> </pre></div> <p>For GML data servers (<a href="/wiki/Web_Feature_Service" title="Web Feature Service">WFS</a>) and conversion tools that only support GML 1 or GML 2 (i.e. only the <code><gml:coordinates></code> element), there is no alternative to <code><gml:coordinates></code>. For GML 3 documents and later, however, <code><gml:pos></code> and <code><gml:posList></code> are preferable to <code><gml:coordinates></code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coordinate_reference_system">Coordinate reference system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Coordinate reference system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coordinate_reference_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinate reference system">coordinate reference system</a></div> <p>A <b>coordinate reference system</b> (CRS) determines the geometry of each geometry element in a GML document. </p><p>Unlike <a href="/wiki/Keyhole_Markup_Language" title="Keyhole Markup Language">KML</a> or <a href="/wiki/GeoRSS" title="GeoRSS">GeoRSS</a>, GML does not default to a coordinate system when none is provided. Instead, the desired coordinate system must be specified explicitly with a CRS. The elements whose coordinates are interpreted with respect to such a CRS include the following: </p> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><gml:coordinates></code></li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><gml:pos></code></li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><gml:posList></code></li></ul> <p>An <i>srsName</i> attribute attached to a geometry object specifies the object's CRS, as shown in the following example: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:Point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">gml:id=</span><span class="s">"p1"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">srsName=</span><span class="s">"#srs36"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:coordinates></span>100,200<span class="nt"></gml:coordinates></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></gml:Point></span> </pre></div> <p>The value of the <i>srsName</i> attribute is a <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> (URI). It refers to a definition of the CRS that is used to interpret the coordinates in the geometry. The CRS definition may be in a document (i.e. a <i>flat file</i>) or in an online web service. Values of EPSG codes can be resolved by using the <a href="/wiki/EPSG_Geodetic_Parameter_Dataset" title="EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset">EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset</a> registry operated by the Oil and Gas Producers Association at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.epsg-registry.org">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809231738/http://www.epsg-registry.org/">Archived</a> 2020-08-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </p><p>The <i>srsName</i> URI may also be a <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Name" title="Uniform Resource Name">Uniform Resource Name</a> (URN) for referencing a common CRS definition. The OGC has developed a URN structure and a set specific URNs to encode some common CRS. A URN resolver resolves those URNs to GML CRS definitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Polygon" title="Polygon">Polygons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Point_(geometry)" title="Point (geometry)">Points</a>, and <i>LineString</i> objects are encoded in GML 1.0 and 2.0 as follows: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:Polygon></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:outerBoundaryIs></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:LinearRing></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:coordinates></span>0,0<span class="w"> </span>100,0<span class="w"> </span>100,100<span class="w"> </span>0,100<span class="w"> </span>0,0<span class="nt"></gml:coordinates></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></gml:LinearRing></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></gml:outerBoundaryIs></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></gml:Polygon></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:Point></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:coordinates></span>100,200<span class="nt"></gml:coordinates></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></gml:Point></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:LineString></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:coordinates></span>100,200<span class="w"> </span>150,300<span class="nt"></gml:coordinates></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></gml:LineString></span> </pre></div> <p><i>LineString</i> objects, along with <i>LinearRing</i> objects, assume linear interpolation between the specified points. Also the coordinates of a Polygon have to be closed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features_using_geometries">Features using geometries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Features using geometries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following GML example illustrates the distinction between <i>features</i> and <i>geometry objects</i>. The <i>Building</i> feature has several <i>geometry objects</i>, sharing one of them (the <i>Point</i> with identifier <i>p21</i>) with the <i>SurveyMonument</i> feature: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><abc:Building</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">gml:id=</span><span class="s">"SearsTower"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><abc:height></span>52<span class="nt"></abc:height></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><abc:position</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xlink:type=</span><span class="s">"Simple"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xlink:href=</span><span class="s">"#p21"</span><span class="nt">/></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></abc:Building></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><abc:SurveyMonument</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">gml:id=</span><span class="s">"g234"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><abc:position></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:Point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">gml:id=</span><span class="s">"p21"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:posList></span>100,200<span class="nt"></gml:posList></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></gml:Point></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></abc:position></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></abc:SurveyMonument></span> </pre></div> <p>The reference is to the shared <i>Point</i> and not to the <i>SurveyMonument</i>, since any <i>feature</i> object can have more than one <i>geometry object</i> property. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Point_Profile">Point Profile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Point Profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GML <i>Point Profile</i> contains a single GML geometry, namely a <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><gml:Point></code> object type. Any XML Schema can use the <i>Point Profile</i> by importing it and referencing the subject <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><gml:Point></code> instance: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><PhotoCollection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">"http://www.myphotos.org"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns:gml=</span><span class="s">"http://www.opengis.net/gml"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns:xsi=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xsi:schemaLocation=</span><span class="s">"http://www.myphotos.org</span> <span class="s"> MyGoodPhotos.xsd"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><items></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><Item></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><name></span>Lynn<span class="w"> </span>Valley<span class="nt"></name></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><description></span>A<span class="w"> </span>shot<span class="w"> </span>of<span class="w"> </span>the<span class="w"> </span>falls<span class="w"> </span>from<span class="w"> </span>the<span class="w"> </span>suspension<span class="w"> </span>bridge<span class="nt"></description></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><where></span>North<span class="w"> </span>Vancouver<span class="nt"></where></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><position></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:Point</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">srsDimension=</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">srsName=</span><span class="s">"http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><gml:pos></span>49.40<span class="w"> </span>-123.26<span class="nt"></gml:pos></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></gml:Point></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></position></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></Item></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></items></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></PhotoCollection></span> </pre></div> <p>When using the <i>Point Profile</i>, the only geometry object is the '<gml:Point>' object. The rest of the geography is defined by the photo-collection schema. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_work_–_to_OGC_recommendation_paper"><span id="Initial_work_.E2.80.93_to_OGC_recommendation_paper"></span>Initial work – to OGC recommendation paper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Initial work – to OGC recommendation paper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ron Lake started work on GML in the fall of 1998, following earlier work on <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> encodings for radio broadcasting. Lake presented his early ideas to an <a href="/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium" title="Open Geospatial Consortium">OGC</a> meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, in February 1999, under the title xGML. This introduced the idea of a GeoDOM, and the notion of Geographic Styling Language (GSL) based on <a href="/wiki/Extensible_Stylesheet_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensible Stylesheet Language">XSL</a>. Akifumi Nakai of NTT Data also presented at the same meeting on work partly underway at NTT Data on an XML encoding called G-XML, which was targeted at location–based services.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1999, Galdos created the XBed team (with CubeWerx, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/MapInfo_Corporation" title="MapInfo Corporation">MapInfo Corporation</a>, NTT Data, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a>, and Compusult as subcontractors). Xbed was focused on the use of XML for geospatial. This led to the creation of SFXML (Simple Features XML) with input from Galdos, US Census, and NTT Data. Galdos demonstrated an early map style engine pulling data from an Oracle-based "GML" data server (precursor of the WFS) at the first OGC Web Map Test Bed in September 1999. In October 1999, Galdos Systems rewrote the SFXML draft document into a Request for Comment, and changed the name of the language to GML (Geography Markup Language). This document introduced several key ideas that became the foundation of GML, including the 1) Object-Property-Value rule, 2) Remote properties (via rdf:resource), and 3) the decision to use application schemas rather than a set of static schemas. The paper also proposed that the language be based on the <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">Resource Description Framework</a> (RDF) rather than on the DTDs used to that point. These issues, including the use of RDF, were hotly debated within the OGC community during 1999 and 2000, with the result that the final GML Recommendation Paper contained three GML profiles – two based on <a href="/wiki/Document_Type_Definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Document Type Definition">DTD</a>, and one on RDF – with one of the DTD's using a static schema approach. This passed as a Recommendation Paper at the OGC in May 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moving_to_XML_Schema_–_Version_2."><span id="Moving_to_XML_Schema_.E2.80.93_Version_2."></span>Moving to XML Schema – Version 2.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Moving to XML Schema – Version 2."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even before the passage of the Recommendation Paper at the OGC, Galdos had started work on an <a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">XML Schema</a> version of GML, replacing the rdf:resource scheme for remote references with the use of xlink:href, and developing specific patterns (e.g. Barbarians at the Gate) for handling extensions for complex structures like feature collections. Much of the XML Schema design work was done by Mr. Richard Martell of Galdos who served as the document editor and who was mainly responsible for the translation of the basic GML model into an XML Schema. Other important inputs in this time frame came from Simon Cox (CSIRO Australia), Paul Daisey (US Census), David Burggraf (Galdos), and Adrian Cuthbert (Laser-Scan). The US Army Corps of Engineers (particularly Jeff Harrison) were quite supportive of the development of GML. The US Army Corps of Engineers sponsored the “USL Pilot” project, which was very helpful in exploring the utility of linking and styling concepts in the GML specification, with important work being done by Monie (Ionic) and Xia Li (Galdos). The XML Schema specification draft was submitted by Galdos and was approved for public distribution in December 2000. It became a Recommendation Paper in February 2001 and an Adopted Specification in May of the same year. This version (V2.0) eliminated the “profiles” from version 1. and established the key principles, as outlined in the original Galdos submission, as the basis of GML. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GML_and_G-XML_(Japan)"><span id="GML_and_G-XML_.28Japan.29"></span>GML and G-XML (Japan)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: GML and G-XML (Japan)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As these events were unfolding, work was continuing in parallel in Japan on G-XML under the auspices of the Japanese Database Promotion Center under the direction of Mr. Shige Kawano. G-XML and GML differed in several important respects. Targeted at LBS applications, G-XML employed many concrete geographic objects (e.g. Mover, POI), while GML provided a very limited concrete set and built more complex objects by the use of application schemas. At this point in time, G-XML was still written using a DTD, while GML had already transitioned to an XML Schema. On the one hand G-XML required the use of many fundamental constructs not at the time in the GML lexicon, including temporality, spatial references by identifiers, objects having histories, and the concept of topology-based styling. GML, on the other hand, offered a limited set of primitives (geometry, feature) and a recipe to construct user defined object (feature) types. </p><p>A set of meetings held in Tokyo in January 2001, and involving Ron Lake (Galdos), Richard Martell (Galdos), OGC Staff (Kurt Buehler, David Schell), Mr. Shige Kawano (DPC), Mr. Akifumi Nakai (NTT Data) and Dr. Shimada (Hitachi CRL) led to the signing of an MOU between DPC and OGC by which OGC would endeavour to inject the fundamental elements required to support G-XML into GML, thus enabling G-XML to be written as a GML application schema. This resulted in many new types entering GML's core object list, including observations, dynamic features, temporal objects, default styles, topology, and viewpoints. Much of the work was conducted by Galdos under contract to NTT Data. This laid the foundation for GML 3, although a significant new development occurred in this time frame, namely the intersection of the OGC and <a href="/wiki/ISO/TC_211" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/TC 211">ISO/TC 211</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Towards_ISO_–_GML_3.0_broadens_the_scope_of_GML"><span id="Towards_ISO_.E2.80.93_GML_3.0_broadens_the_scope_of_GML"></span>Towards ISO – GML 3.0 broadens the scope of GML</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Towards ISO – GML 3.0 broadens the scope of GML"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While a basic coding existed for most of the new objects introduced by the GML/G-XML agreement, and for some introduced by Galdos within the <a href="/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium" title="Open Geospatial Consortium">OGC process</a> (notably coverages), it soon became apparent that few of these encodings were compliant with the abstract specifications developed by the ISO TC/211, specifications which were increasingly becoming the basis for all OGC specifications. GML geometry, for example, had been based on an earlier and only partly documented geometry model (Simple Features Geometry) and this was insufficient to support the more extensive and complex geometries described in TC/211. The management of GML development was also altered in this time frame with the participation of many more individuals. Significant contributions in this time frame were made by Milan Trninic (Galdos) (default styles, CRS), Ron Lake (Galdos) (Observations), Richard Martell (Galdos) (dynamic features). </p><p>On June 12, 2002, Mr. Ron Lake was recognized by the OGC for his work in creating GML by being presented the Gardels award.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The citation on the award reads “In particular, this award recognizes your great achievement in creating the Geography Markup Language, (GML), and your uniquely sensitive and effective work to promote the reconciliation of national differences to promote meaningful standardization of GML on a global level.” Simon Cox (CSIRO)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Clemens Portele (Interactive Instruments)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also subsequently received the Gardels award, in part for their contributions to GML. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium" title="Open Geospatial Consortium">Open Geospatial Consortium</a> (OGC) is an international voluntary consensus standards organization whose members maintain the <i>Geography Markup Language</i> standard. The OGC coordinates with the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> <a href="/wiki/ISO/TC_211" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/TC 211">TC 211</a> standards organization to maintain consistency between OGC and ISO standards work. GML was adopted as an International Standard (ISO 19136:2007) in 2007. </p><p>GML can<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2012)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> also be included in version 2.1 of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Information_Exchange_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="National Information Exchange Model">National Information Exchange Model</a> (NIEM). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISO_19136">ISO 19136</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: ISO 19136"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b> ISO 19136 </b> Geographic information – Geography Markup Language, is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">standard</a> from the family <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> – of the standards for geographic information (ISO 191xx). It resulted from unification of the <a href="/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium" title="Open Geospatial Consortium">Open Geospatial Consortium</a> definitions and Geography Markup Language (GML) with the ISO-191xx standards. </p><p>Earlier versions of GML were not ISO conformal (GML 1, GML 2) with GML version 3.1.1. ISO conformity means in particular that GML is now also an implementation of <a href="/wiki/ISO_19107" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19107">ISO 19107</a>. </p><p>The Geography Markup Language (GML) is an XML encoding in compliance with <a href="/wiki/ISO_19118" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19118">ISO 19118</a> for the transport and storage of geographic information modelled according to the conceptual modelling framework used in the <a href="/wiki/ISO_19100-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19100-series">ISO 19100-series</a> and including both the spatial and nonspatial properties of geographic features. This specification defines the <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> Schema syntax, mechanisms, and conventions that: </p> <ul><li>Provide an open, vendor-neutral framework for the definition of geospatial application schemas and objects;</li> <li>Allow profiles that support proper subsets of GML framework descriptive capabilities;</li> <li>Support the description of geospatial application schemas for specialized domains and information communities;</li> <li>Enable the creation and maintenance of linked geographic application schemas and datasets;</li> <li>Support the storage and transport of application schemas and data sets;</li> <li>Increase the ability of organizations to share geographic application schemas and the information they describe.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CityGML" title="CityGML">CityGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Data_Files" title="Geographic Data Files">Geographic Data Files</a> (GDF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoSPARQL" title="GeoSPARQL">GeoSPARQL</a> – GML for geospatially-<a href="/wiki/Linked_data" title="Linked data">linked data</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoJSON" title="GeoJSON">GeoJSON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GML_Application_Schemas" class="mw-redirect" title="GML Application Schemas">GML Application Schemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TS_19103" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/TS 19103">ISO/TS 19103</a> – Conceptual Schema Language (units of measure, basic types),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19108" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19108">ISO 19108</a> – Temporal schema (temporal geometry and topology objects, temporal reference systems),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19109" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19109">ISO 19109</a> – Rules for application schemas (features),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19111" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19111">ISO 19111</a> – Spatial referencing by coordinates (coordinate reference systems),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19123" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19123">ISO 19123</a> – Coverages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDEP" title="SDEP">SDEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOSI" title="SOSI">SOSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry" title="Well-known text representation of geometry">Well-known text representation of geometry</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Geospatial_Consortium_Inc.2010" class="citation cs2">Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NetCDF+in+XML&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unidata.ucar.edu%2Fprojects%2FTHREDDS%2FGALEON%2FTestDatasets%2FNcMLAndGML.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+Markup+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130505034142/http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/products/os-mastermap/gml-explained.html">"OS MasterMap – GML (Geography Mark-up Language) explained"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/products/os-mastermap/gml-explained.html">the original</a> on 2013-05-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OS+MasterMap+%E2%80%93+GML+%28Geography+Mark-up+Language%29+explained&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordnancesurvey.co.uk%2Foswebsite%2Fproducts%2Fos-mastermap%2Fgml-explained.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+Markup+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ogcnetwork.net/node/220">"The Home of Location Technology Innovation and Collaboration | OGC"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Home+of+Location+Technology+Innovation+and+Collaboration+%26%23124%3B+OGC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ogcnetwork.net%2Fnode%2F220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+Markup+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/kmlreference">"KML Reference | Keyhole Markup Language"</a>. <i>Google Developers</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Developers&rft.atitle=KML+Reference+%26%23124%3B+Keyhole+Markup+Language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopers.google.com%2Fkml%2Fdocumentation%2Fkmlreference&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+Markup+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091217094736/http://www.dpc.jipdec.or.jp/gxml/contents-e/history.htm">"G-XML"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dpc.jipdec.or.jp/gxml/contents-e/history.htm">the original</a> on 2009-12-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=G-XML&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpc.jipdec.or.jp%2Fgxml%2Fcontents-e%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+Markup+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=13252">"GML in JPEG 2000 for Geographic Imagery (GMLJP2) Encoding Specification"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GML+in+JPEG+2000+for+Geographic+Imagery+%28GMLJP2%29+Encoding+Specification&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.opengeospatial.org%2Ffiles%2F%3Fartifact_id%3D13252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+Markup+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=9477">"award citation for Ron Lake"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=award+citation+for+Ron+Lake&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.opengeospatial.org%2Ffiles%2F%3Fartifact_id%3D9477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+Markup+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=16038">"award citation for Simon Cox"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=award+citation+for+Simon+Cox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.opengeospatial.org%2Ffiles%2F%3Fartifact_id%3D16038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+Markup+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=22940">"award citation for Clemens Portele"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=award+citation+for+Clemens+Portele&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.opengeospatial.org%2Ffiles%2F%3Fartifact_id%3D22940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+Markup+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_Markup_Language&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=32554">ISO 19136:2007 - Geographic information – Geography Markup Language (GML)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/gml">GML specifications</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Standards_of_the_Open_Geospatial_Consortium_(OGC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Open_Geospatial_Consortium_standards" title="Template:Open Geospatial Consortium standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Open_Geospatial_Consortium_standards" title="Template talk:Open Geospatial Consortium standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Open_Geospatial_Consortium_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Open Geospatial Consortium standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Standards_of_the_Open_Geospatial_Consortium_(OGC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Standards of the <a href="/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium" title="Open Geospatial Consortium">Open Geospatial Consortium</a> (OGC)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalog_Service_for_the_Web" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalog Service for the Web">CSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoPackage" title="GeoPackage">GeoPackage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoRSS" title="GeoRSS">GeoRSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoSPARQL" title="GeoSPARQL">GeoSPARQL</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_Markup_Language" title="Keyhole Markup Language">KML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observations_and_Measurements" title="Observations and Measurements">O&M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGC_Reference_Model" title="OGC Reference Model">OGC Reference Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SensorML" title="SensorML">SensorML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensor_Observation_Service" title="Sensor Observation Service">SOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_feature_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple feature access">SFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styled_Layer_Descriptor" title="Styled Layer Descriptor">SLD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRID" class="mw-redirect" title="SRID">SRID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TransducerML" title="TransducerML">TransducerML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile_Map_Service" title="Tile Map Service">TMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaterML" title="WaterML">WaterML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Coverage_Service" title="Web Coverage Service">WCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Feature_Service" title="Web Feature Service">WFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Map_Service" title="Web Map Service">WMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Map_Tile_Service" title="Web Map Tile Service">WMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Processing_Service" title="Web Processing Service">WPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Registry_Service" title="Web Registry Service">WRS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_standards" title="Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ISO_standards" title="Template talk:ISO standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ISO_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> standards <span class="nobold">by standard number</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">ISO standards</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO romanizations</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2" title="ISO 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31" title="ISO 31">31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-0" title="ISO 31-0">-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-3" title="ISO 31-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-4" title="ISO 31-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-5" title="ISO 31-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-6" title="ISO 31-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-7" title="ISO 31-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-8" title="ISO 31-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-10" title="ISO 31-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-13" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-13">-13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">68-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_217" title="ISO 217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-loudness_contour" title="Equal-loudness contour">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_number" title="Kappa number">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicat_softening_point" title="Vicat softening point">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_symbol#Ionizing_radiation_symbol" title="Hazard symbol">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prontor-Compur" title="Prontor-Compur">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">639</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_657" title="ISO 657">657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_668" title="ISO 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_690" title="ISO 690">690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_704" title="ISO 704">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_732" title="ISO 732">732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimagnetic_watch" title="Antimagnetic watch">764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_860" title="ISO 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_898" title="ISO 898">898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_965" title="ISO 965">965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_999" title="ISO 999">999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1000" title="ISO 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">1004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">1007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-A" title="OCR-A">1073-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-B" title="OCR-B">1073-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check" title="Longitudinal redundancy check">1155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock-resistant_watch#ISO_1413_shock-resistant_standard" title="Shock-resistant watch">1413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1629" title="ISO 1629">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1745" title="ISO 1745">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2014" title="ISO 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2015" title="ISO 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2047" title="ISO 2047">2047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">2108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2145" title="ISO 2145">2145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2146" title="ISO 2146">2146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">2281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere">2533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2709" title="ISO 2709">2709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2711" title="ISO 2711">2711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2788" title="ISO 2788">2788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2848" title="ISO 2848">2848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2852" title="ISO 2852">2852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2921" title="ISO 2921">2921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">3029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">3103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">3166</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-3" title="ISO 3166-3">-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">3297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3307" title="ISO 3307">3307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">3601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">3602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3864" title="ISO 3864">3864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">3901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation_notation" title="FDI World Dental Federation notation">3950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3977" title="ISO 3977">3977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4031" title="ISO 4031">4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4157" title="ISO 4157">4157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4165" title="ISO 4165">4165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">4217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">5725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5775" title="ISO 5775">5775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5776" title="ISO 5776">5776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">5800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">5807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5964" title="ISO 5964">5964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">6166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6344" title="ISO 6344">6344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6346" title="ISO 6346">6346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">6373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6385" title="ISO 6385">6385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">6425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">6709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6943" title="ISO 6943">6943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7001" title="ISO 7001">7001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7002" title="ISO 7002">7002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7010" title="ISO 7010">7010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7027" title="ISO 7027">7027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7064" title="ISO/IEC 7064">7064</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">7098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">7185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7200" title="ISO 7200">7200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">7498</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7637" title="ISO 7637">7637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">7736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8000" title="ISO 8000">8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">8093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8178" title="ISO 8178">8178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">8217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8373" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8373">8373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8501-1" title="ISO 8501-1">8501-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTAM" title="FTAM">8571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">8583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8691" title="ISO 8691">8691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8805/8806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification">8807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse (automotive)">8820-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I" title="ISO-8859-8-I">-8-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">8879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9000">9000/9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">9036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">9075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">9141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_spray_test" title="Salt spray test">9227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9241" title="ISO 9241">9241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface" title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface">9314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">9362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">9407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Message_Specification" title="Manufacturing Message Specification">9506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9564" title="ISO 9564">9564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592/9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.500" title="X.500">9594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9797-1" title="ISO/IEC 9797-1">9797-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9897" title="ISO 9897">9897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">9984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">9985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10006" title="ISO 10006">10006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10007" title="ISO 10007">10007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_(hash_function)" title="Whirlpool (hash function)">10118-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10160" title="ISO 10160">10160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10161" title="ISO 10161">10161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)#ISO/IEC_10206:1990_Extended_Pascal" title="Pascal (programming language)">10206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10218" title="ISO 10218">10218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">10303</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-21" title="ISO 10303-21">-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-22" title="ISO 10303-22">-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-28" title="ISO 10303-28">-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">-238</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Identifier_Code" title="Market Identifier Code">10383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">10585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS">10589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10628" title="ISO 10628">10628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">10664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-ODP" title="RM-ODP">10746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">10861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">10957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10962" title="ISO 10962">10962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" title="ISO/IEEE 11073">11073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11170" title="ISO 11170">11170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11783" title="ISO 11783">11783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module" title="Trusted Platform Module">11889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAN_bus#CAN_lower-layer_standards" title="CAN bus">11898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">11940</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_11940-2" title="ISO 11940-2">-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941 (TR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11992" title="ISO 11992">11992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_12006" title="ISO 12006">12006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM">12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182">12182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">12234-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_categories#ISO_12620_(ISO_TC37_Data_Category_Registry,_ISOcat)" title="Linguistic categories">12620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">13211</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isofix" title="Isofix">13216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13399" title="ISO 13399">13399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13406-2" title="ISO 13406-2">13406-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">13450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13485" title="ISO 13485">13485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13567" title="ISO 13567">13567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13584" title="ISO 13584">13584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">13616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 14000">14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">14031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14224" title="ISO 14224">14224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/UA" title="PDF/UA">14289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">14396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14617" title="ISO 14617">14617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14644" title="ISO 14644">14644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">14649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14698" title="ISO 14698">14698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14971" title="ISO 14971">14971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15022" title="ISO 15022">15022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15189" title="ISO 15189">15189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15398" title="ISO 15398">15398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPIP" title="JPIP">-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">15438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15686" title="ISO 15686">15686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">15706</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">15707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">15919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">15924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926" title="ISO 15926">15926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926_WIP" title="ISO 15926 WIP">15926 WIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/X" title="PDF/X">15930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">16023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_function_deployment" title="Quality function deployment">16355-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/VT" title="PDF/VT">16612-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_16750" title="ISO 16750">16750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IATF_16949" title="IATF 16949">16949 (TS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_17100" title="ISO 17100">17100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format" title="Open Virtualization Format">17203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDMX" title="SDMX">17369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" title="Legal Entity Identifier">17442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLLADA" title="COLLADA">17506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">17799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_18245" title="ISO 18245">18245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" title="Process Specification Language">18629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_Activity_Test" title="Photographic Activity Test">18916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">19005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19011" title="ISO 19011">19011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">19092</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-2">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19114" title="ISO 19114">19114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_metadata#ISO_19115:_Geographic_information_–_Metadata" title="Geospatial metadata">19115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">19125</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#ISO_19136">19136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">19407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19439" title="ISO 19439">19439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Object_Request_Broker_Architecture" title="Common Object Request Broker Architecture">19500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel" title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel">19506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" title="Object Constraint Language">19507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation" title="Business Process Model and Notation">19510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19600" title="ISO 19600">19600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">19775-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19794-5" title="ISO/IEC 19794-5">19794-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface" title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface">19831</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000–29999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20022" title="ISO 20022">20022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20121" title="ISO 20121">20121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20400" title="ISO 20400">20400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xin_code" title="Han Xin code">20830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21001" title="ISO 21001">21001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">21047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">21122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21500" title="ISO 21500">21500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22300" title="ISO 22300">22300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22301" title="ISO 22301">22301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22395" title="ISO 22395">22395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">23009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">23090-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">23092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">23094-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">23094-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">23271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">23941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/E" title="PDF/E">24517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexical_Markup_Framework" title="Lexical Markup Framework">24613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-TimeML" title="ISO-TimeML">24617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">24728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25178" title="ISO 25178">25178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25964" title="ISO 25964">25964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">26262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">26324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">27001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27005" title="ISO/IEC 27005">27005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27006" title="ISO/IEC 27006">27006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">27729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_28000" title="ISO 28000">28000</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">29148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">29199-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">29500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">30170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">32000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_37001" title="ISO 37001">37001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">40500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_50001" title="ISO 50001">50001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_55000" title="ISO 55000">55000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_56000" title="ISO 56000">56000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" 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