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rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.translate%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.translate.edit.documentation.styles%7Cext.translate.tag.languages%7Cext.uls.pt%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.Long-Image-Names-in-Categories&only=styles&skin=vector"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-pt-translate-header noprint nomobile" dir="ltr" lang="en"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Commons%3ACategories&action=page&filter=&action_source=translate_page" title="Special:Translate">Translate this page</a>; This page contains <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commons:Categories&oldid=908669826&diff=957872548">changes</a></span> which are not marked for translation.</div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-pt-languages noprint navigation-not-searchable" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-pt-languages-label">Other languages:</div><ul class="mw-pt-languages-list"><li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/gsw" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Commons:Kategorye (19% translated)" lang="gsw" dir="ltr">Alemannisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/id" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Commons:Kategori (15% translated)" lang="id" dir="ltr">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/bjn" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:Categories/bjn (0% translated)" lang="bjn" dir="ltr">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/en-gb" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Commons:Categories (81% translated)" lang="en-GB" dir="ltr">British English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/cy" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Y eso (1% translated)" lang="cy" dir="ltr">Cymraeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/pdc" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:Kategorien (2% translated)" lang="pdc" dir="ltr">Deitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/de" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" title="Commons:Kategorien (100% translated)" lang="de" dir="ltr">Deutsch</a></li> <li><span class="mw-pt-languages-ui mw-pt-languages-selected mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" lang="en" dir="ltr">English</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/nl" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" title="Commons:Categorieën (100% translated)" lang="nl" dir="ltr">Nederlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/vi" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:Thể loại (3% translated)" lang="vi" dir="ltr">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/ca" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Commons:Categories (74% translated)" lang="ca" dir="ltr">català</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/da" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:Categories/da (5% translated)" lang="da" dir="ltr">dansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/es" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Commons:Categorías (65% translated)" lang="es" dir="ltr">español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/fr" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Commons:Catégories (99% translated)" lang="fr" dir="ltr">français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/hr" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:Kategorije (1% translated)" lang="hr" dir="ltr">hrvatski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/it" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Commons:Categorie (38% translated)" lang="it" dir="ltr">italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/hu" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Commons:Kategóriák (46% translated)" lang="hu" dir="ltr">magyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/pl" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Commons:Kategorie (56% translated)" lang="pl" dir="ltr">polski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/pt" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Commons:Categorias (46% translated)" lang="pt" dir="ltr">português</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/ro" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Commons:Categorii (18% translated)" lang="ro" dir="ltr">română</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/fi" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:Categories/fi (7% translated)" lang="fi" dir="ltr">suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/sv" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Commons:Kategorier (56% translated)" lang="sv" dir="ltr">svenska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/de-at" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:Categories/de-at (0% translated)" lang="de-AT" dir="ltr">Österreichisches Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/cs" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Commons:Kategorie (58% translated)" lang="cs" dir="ltr">čeština</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/be-tarask" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Вікісховішча:Катэгорыі (98% translated)" lang="be-tarask" dir="ltr">беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/ky" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Викиказына:Категориялар (99% translated)" lang="ky" dir="ltr">кыргызча</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/ru" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Викисклад:Категории (53% translated)" lang="ru" dir="ltr">русский</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/uk" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Вікісховище:Категорії (20% translated)" lang="uk" dir="ltr">українська</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/ar" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="كومنز:تصنيفات (1% translated)" lang="ar" dir="rtl">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/fa" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="ویکی‌انبار:رده‌ها (31% translated)" lang="fa" dir="rtl">فارسی</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/dv" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:Categories/dv (0% translated)" lang="dv" dir="rtl">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/anp" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="कॉमन्स: श्रेणी सब (5% translated)" lang="anp" dir="ltr">अंगिका</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/bn" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="কমন্স:বিষয়শ্রেণী (14% translated)" lang="bn" dir="ltr">বাংলা</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/pa" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="ਸਾਂਝਾ(ਕਾਮਨਜ਼):ਸ੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ (15% translated)" lang="pa" dir="ltr">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/gu" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="કૉમન્સ:શ્રેણીઓ (11% translated)" lang="gu" dir="ltr">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/th" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="คอมมอนส์:หมวดหมู่ (21% translated)" lang="th" dir="ltr">ไทย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/blk" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:ကဏ္ဍဖိုင်ႏ (5% translated)" lang="blk" dir="ltr">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/mnw" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:ကဏ္ဍများ (1% translated)" lang="mnw" dir="ltr">ဘာသာမန်</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/my" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:ကဏ္ဍများ (2% translated)" lang="my" dir="ltr">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/xmf" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:კატეგორიეფი (12% translated)" lang="xmf" dir="ltr">მარგალური</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/zh" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="共享資源:分類 (51% translated)" lang="zh" dir="ltr">中文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/ja" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Commons:カテゴリ (89% translated)" lang="ja" dir="ltr">日本語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/yue" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="同享:分類 (1% translated)" lang="yue" dir="ltr">粵語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/nan" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Commons:Luī-pia̍t (14% translated)" lang="nan" dir="ltr">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/ko" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="공용:분류 (4% translated)" lang="ko" dir="ltr">한국어</a></li></ul></div> <p><span id="shortcut" class="coordinates" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Shortcuts" title="Commons:Shortcuts">Shortcuts</a>: <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commons:C&redirect=no">COM:C</a></span> • <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commons:CAT&redirect=no">COM:CAT</a></span></span> </p> <div id="policy" class="notice policynotice" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r355470273">.mw-parser-output .policynotice{margin:10px;border:#b3b3b3 solid;border-width:2px 0;padding:7px}</style> <table role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Commons_policy.png/40px-Commons_policy.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Commons_policy.png/60px-Commons_policy.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Commons_policy.png/80px-Commons_policy.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460"/></span></span></td> <td> <p><b>This page is considered an <a href="/wiki/Commons:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Commons:Policies and guidelines">official policy</a> on Wikimedia Commons.</b> </p><p>It has wide acceptance among editors and is considered a standard that everyone must follow. Except for minor edits (such as fixing typos, or bringing information up to date), please make use of the <a href="/wiki/Commons_talk:Categories" title="Commons talk:Categories">discussion page</a> to propose changes to this policy. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>A <b>category</b> is a software feature of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki" class="extiw" title="w:MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>, a special page which is intended to group related pages and media. In practice, it implies that you'll associate a single subject with a given category. The category name should be enough to guess the subject, but some extra text can be useful to precisely define it. The <a href="/wiki/Commons:Guide_to_layout/Category_pages" title="Commons:Guide to layout/Category pages">category</a> structure is the primary way to organize and find files on the Commons. It is essential that every file can be found by browsing the category structure. To allow this, each file must be put into a category directly. Each category should itself be in more general categories, forming a hierarchical structure. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Quick_guide"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Quick guide</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Category structure in Wikimedia Commons</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Principles"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Principles</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Hierarchic_principle"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hierarchic principle</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Modularity_principle"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Modularity principle</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Simplicity_principle"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Simplicity principle</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Selectivity_principle"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Selectivity principle</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Universality_principle"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Universality principle</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Types_of_reflected_relations"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Types of reflected relations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Major_categories"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Major categories</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#How_to_use_categories"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">How to use categories</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Category_names"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Category names</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Categorizing_pages"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Categorizing pages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Creating_a_new_category"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Creating a new category</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Sorting_categories"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Sorting categories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Renaming_or_moving_categories"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Renaming or moving categories</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#For_more_appropriate_categorization"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">For more appropriate categorization</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Categorization_tips"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Categorization tips</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Find_an_appropriate_category"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Find an appropriate category</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Over-categorization"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Over-categorization</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Why_over-categorization_is_a_problem"><span class="tocnumber">4.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Why over-categorization is a problem</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Improper_categorization_of_categories_is_a_cause_of_over-categorization"><span class="tocnumber">4.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Improper categorization of categories is a cause of over-categorization</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Exception_for_images_with_more_categorized_subjects"><span class="tocnumber">4.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Exception for images with more categorized subjects</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">How to categorize: guidance by topic</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Structures"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Structures</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#People"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">People</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Landscapes,_outdoor_views"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Landscapes, outdoor views</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Texts"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Texts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#GLAMs"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">GLAMs</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Categorization_workflow"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Categorization workflow</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Categories_marked_with_"HIDDENCAT""><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Categories marked with "HIDDENCAT"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Templates_for_categories"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Templates for categories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Tools"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Tools</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Quick_guide" data-mw-thread-id="h-Quick_guide"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Quick_guide"></span>Quick guide<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Quick_guide"></span></h2></div> <p>1. How to find the appropriate categories </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Find categories with the search engine (see <a href="#Categorization_tips">#Categorization tips</a>)</li> <li>or check how similar files are categorized (some may not be categorized though)</li> <li>or start from the main topical category (<a href="/wiki/Category:Topics" title="Category:Topics">Category:Topics</a>)</li> <li>Starting from these categories, check their parent or sub-categories to find an appropriate category. Avoid picking too general categories.</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>2. Add the categories to the file </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Select them on the upload form</li> <li>or: add them manually by adding, e.g. <code>[[Category:Foobar]]</code> to the file description page (see <a href="#Categorizing_pages">#Categorizing pages</a>)</li> <li>or: use HotCat (see <a href="/wiki/Help:Gadget-HotCat" title="Help:Gadget-HotCat">Help:Gadget-HotCat</a>)</li> <li>or: use Cat-a-lot (see <a href="/wiki/Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot" title="Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot">Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot</a>)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons" data-mw-thread-id="h-Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"></span>Category structure in Wikimedia Commons<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Principles-Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Principles-Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"></span>Principles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Principles-Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"></span></h3></div> <div class="shortcut2" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r927745239">.mw-parser-output .shortcut2{float:right;margin:0.4em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0 1em;text-align:center;font-size:85%;border-radius:4px}</style><a href="/wiki/Commons:Shortcuts" title="Commons:Shortcuts">Shortcut</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r574572692">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commons:CATPRI&redirect=no">COM:CATPRI</a></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p>The main principles are: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hierarchic_principle" data-mw-thread-id="h-Hierarchic_principle-Principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Hierarchic_principle-Principles"></span>Hierarchic principle<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Hierarchic_principle-Principles"></span></h4></div> <p>The category structure is (ideally) a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Directed_acyclic_graph" class="extiw" title="w:en:Directed acyclic graph">multi-hierarchy</a> with a single root category, <a href="/wiki/Category:CommonsRoot" title="Category:CommonsRoot">Category:CommonsRoot</a>. All categories (except <a href="/wiki/Category:CommonsRoot" title="Category:CommonsRoot"><i>CommonsRoot</i></a>) should be contained in at least one other category. There should be no cycles (i.e. a category should not contain itself, directly or indirectly). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modularity_principle" data-mw-thread-id="h-Modularity_principle-Principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Modularity_principle-Principles"></span>Modularity principle<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Modularity_principle-Principles"></span></h4></div> <p>The page (file, category) should be put in the most specific category/categories that fit(s) the page (not directly to its parent categories). A category can have more parent categories. A category can combine two (or more) different criteria; such categories are called "compound categories" or "intersection categories". E.g. the root category <a href="/wiki/Category:Churches" title="Category:Churches">Category:Churches</a> and the root category <a href="/wiki/Category:Russia" title="Category:Russia">Category:Russia</a> have a common subcategory <a href="/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Russia" title="Category:Churches in Russia">Churches in Russia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Simplicity_principle" data-mw-thread-id="h-Simplicity_principle-Principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Simplicity_principle-Principles"></span>Simplicity principle<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Simplicity_principle-Principles"></span></h4></div> <p>This principle suggests not to combine too many different criteria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Selectivity_principle" data-mw-thread-id="h-Selectivity_principle-Principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Selectivity_principle-Principles"></span>Selectivity principle<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Selectivity_principle-Principles"></span></h4></div> <p>We should not classify items which are related to different subjects in the same category. There should be one category per topic; multi-subject categories should be avoided. The category name should be unambiguous and not homonymous. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Universality_principle" data-mw-thread-id="h-Universality_principle-Principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Universality_principle-Principles"></span>Universality principle<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Universality_principle-Principles"></span></h4></div> <p>Identical items should have identical names for all countries and at all levels of categorization. The categorization structure should be as systematical and unified as possible, and local dialects and terminology should be suppressed in favour of universality if possible. Analogic categorization branches should have an analogic structure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_reflected_relations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Types_of_reflected_relations-Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Types_of_reflected_relations-Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"></span>Types of reflected relations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Types_of_reflected_relations-Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"></span></h3></div> <p>The category structure should reflect a hierarchy of concepts, from the most generic one down to the very specific. The structure uses and combines more types of relation, e. g. </p> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Hypernymy_and_hyponymy" class="extiw" title="w:en:Hypernymy and hyponymy">Hyponymy</a>: a sort/kind/type of… (typically in biological taxonomy)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Meronymy" class="extiw" title="w:en:Meronymy">Meronymy</a>: a part of…, a member of… (typically for geographical division, building/room, device/component etc.)</li> <li>Attributes: <ul><li>Qualitative and general attributes (color, shape, size, ability or disability, nationality, technique, quality, awards…)</li> <li>Location: where, in…, from… (place/event, place/building, place/exhibit, place/people, country/language, source/work, factory or country/product etc.)</li> <li>Timing: when (time/event, time/depicted situation, time of birth, inception or construction, time of death, demolition or termination etc.)</li></ul></li> <li>Agentive and influence relations: (creator/work, device/product, company/product, discipline or profession/their subjects and terms, parent/children, subordination, owner/property, initiator/follower, subject/other subjects dedicated to it or named after it, subject/its duplicate, imitation, depiction or symbol etc etc.)</li> <li>Modification: original/modified or modified/original (avoid cyclic structure) – renamed, rebuilt, repurposed or transformed subjects.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_categories" data-mw-thread-id="h-Major_categories-Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Major_categories-Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"></span>Major categories<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Major_categories-Category_structure_in_Wikimedia_Commons"></span></h3></div> <p>The top-most categories (the ones contained directly in CommonsRoot) divide the category structure by the purpose of the contained categories: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Topics" title="Category:Topics">Category:Topics</a></b> – This category is the global common root of the media files categorized by the TOPIC. ALL media files should be categorized under this category for the sake of allowing others to find them by topic. Topical categories shouldn't be included through templates.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Copyright_statuses" title="Category:Copyright statuses">Category:Copyright statuses</a></b> – This category is the global common root of the media files categorized by the 'LICENSE. ALL media files should be categorized under this category with the appropriate <a href="/wiki/Commons:Copyright_tags" title="Commons:Copyright tags">license tag</a>. This type of category is added by including it in the templates.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Media_by_source" title="Category:Media by source">Category:Media by source</a></b> – This category is the global common root of the media files categorized by the SOURCE, where they come from (books, collections, sites, etc.). This type of category is generally added by template.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Media_types" title="Category:Media types">Category:Media types</a></b> – This category is the global common root of the media files categorized by the Media TYPE. Please note that this type of categorization is sometimes omitted for images, since the vast majority of files on the Commons are images of some sort.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons" title="Category:Commons">Category:Commons</a></b> – This category is the global common root of categorizing Commons maintenance tasks and pages (Commons:-, and Help:-) except for media files. The translated pages in each language should be categorized under their language categories, using the "Category:Commons-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639" class="extiw" title="w:ISO 639">ISO-LANGUAGE-CODE</a>" style. The structure of <a href="/wiki/Category:Commons-en" title="Category:Commons-en">Category:Commons-en</a> is the sample hierarchy for every other language sub category. Do not use two colons in category or page names. See <a href="/wiki/Category_talk:Commons_batch_uploading" title="Category talk:Commons batch uploading">this discussion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Namespaces" title="Help:Namespaces">Help:Namespaces</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>There is a sub category <a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_maintenance_content" title="Category:Commons maintenance content">Category:Commons maintenance content</a>, which is for the special maintenance of Wikimedia Commons global common contents and which does not get translated.　ALL media files should be categorized under the first 4 categories below, but ONLY files having problems and needing to be fixed should also be in the sub-category <a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_maintenance_content" title="Category:Commons maintenance content">Category:Commons maintenance content</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:User_categories" title="Category:User categories">Category:User categories</a></b> – this is for categories that contain Commons users' galleries, images and texts, sorted by things like the language they speak. This also contains the <a href="/wiki/Category:User_galleries" title="Category:User galleries">Category:User galleries</a>, which is for user specific (i.e. non-topic) galleries that don't need to be in English language.<span id="USE"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_use_categories" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_use_categories"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_use_categories"></span>How to use categories<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_use_categories"></span></h2></div> <p>You should always put your uploads into categories and/or gallery pages according to topic, so your contributions can be found and used by others. </p><p>It is rarely necessary to create a new category (there are exceptions, such as uploading a new text and see <i><a href="#People">People</a></i> below). Before doing so, make sure you are familiar with the existing category structure, and with the customs and policies of the Commons. Please see if there exists a <a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_schemes" title="Category:Commons category schemes">category scheme</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_projects" title="Category:Commons projects">Commons project</a> for your topic, and follow the conventions described there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Category_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Category_names-How_to_use_categories"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Category_names-How_to_use_categories"></span>Category names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Category_names-How_to_use_categories"></span></h3></div> <p>Category names should generally be in English (see <a href="/wiki/Commons:Language_policy" title="Commons:Language policy">Commons:Language policy</a>). However, there are exceptions such as some proper names, biological taxa and names for which the non-English name is most commonly used in the English language (or there is no evidence of usage of an English-language version). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" class="extiw" title="w:en:List of Latin-script alphabets">Latin alphabets</a> are used in original form including diacritics and derived letters, non-Latin alphabets are transcribed to the English Latin script. Basic English characters (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" class="extiw" title="w:ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a>) are preferred over national variants or extension character sets (for instance, 'straight' apostrophes over 'curly'), where reasonable. </p> <ul><li>Types or groups of objects or people should generally have names in plural form: <a href="/wiki/Category:Tools" title="Category:Tools">Category:Tools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Artists" title="Category:Artists">Category:Artists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes" title="Category:Lakes">Category:Lakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Paintings" title="Category:Paintings">Category:Paintings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Sculptures" title="Category:Sculptures">Category:Sculptures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Popes" title="Category:Popes">Category:Popes</a> etc. and in English if possible.</li> <li>General themes or activities require a name in singular form usually: <a href="/wiki/Category:History" title="Category:History">Category:History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Weather" title="Category:Weather">Category:Weather</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Music" title="Category:Music">Category:Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Painting" title="Category:Painting">Category:Painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Sculpture" class="mw-disambig" title="Category:Sculpture">Category:Sculpture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Papacy" title="Category:Papacy">Category:Papacy</a> etc. and in English if possible.</li> <li>A particular individual object (a specific person, building, monument, artwork, organization, event, etc.) generally uses a singular form (but not always). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Proper_noun" class="extiw" title="w:en:Proper noun">Proper nouns</a> which do not have an established English variant are not translated ad hoc but use the original form.</li></ul> <p>Categories grouping subcategories by name should generally be named "by name" rather than "by alphabet" (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Category:Ships_by_name" title="Category:Ships by name">Category:Ships by name</a>). </p><p>We still lack internationalization for category names, but this issue should be resolved with appropriate changes to the MediaWiki software (see <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31928" class="extiw" title="phab:T31928">T31928</a>: <i>Show translated titles per user language in categories too</i>). Creating intermingled category structures in different languages would only make things worse. </p><p>For a general discussion of MediaWiki's category feature, see the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Categories" class="extiw" title="mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Categories">manual page on categories</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Categorizing_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Categorizing_pages-How_to_use_categories"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Categorizing_pages-How_to_use_categories"></span>Categorizing pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Categorizing_pages-How_to_use_categories"></span></h3></div> <p>To add a page (be it an image, a gallery page, or a category page) to a category, add the following code to the end of the page. </p> <dl><dd><code>[[Category:<i>Category name</i>]]</code></dd></dl> <p>For example, if you are uploading a diagram showing the orbit of comets, you could add the following to the image description page: </p> <pre>[[Category:Astronomical diagrams]] [[Category:Comets]]</pre> <p>This will make the diagram show up in the categories <a href="/wiki/Category:Astronomical_diagrams" title="Category:Astronomical diagrams">Astronomical diagrams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Comets" title="Category:Comets">Comets</a>. </p><p>For information on how to find good categories for your uploads and galleries, read the section <i><a href="#Find_an_appropriate_category">Find an appropriate category</a></i> below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creating_a_new_category" data-mw-thread-id="h-Creating_a_new_category-How_to_use_categories"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Creating_a_new_category-How_to_use_categories"></span>Creating a new category<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Creating_a_new_category-How_to_use_categories"></span></h3></div> <p>To create a new category: </p> <ol><li>Do a thorough search, to be sure there isn't an existing category that will serve the purpose.</li> <li>Find images (or a gallery or other pages) which should be put in the new category. Edit this page, and at the end insert the new category reference. e.g. <code>[[Category:Title]]</code>. Save the edited page. The new category appears as a red link at the bottom of the page.</li> <li>Click on that red link. The new, empty, category page appears for editing. You can now edit the category like any other wiki page.</li></ol> <p>A category page should contain the following information (in order of importance): </p> <ul><li>Category-links that put it into one or more parent categories. At the bottom of the new page, insert lines of the form <code>[[Category:Relevant categories]]</code>.</li> <li>A short description text that explains what should be in the category, if the title is not clear or unambiguous enough on its own. Descriptions in particular languages can be tagged e.g. with the template <code><span style="white-space:nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Ab" title="Template:Ab">ab</a>|...}}</span></code> for description in Abkhazian, <code><span style="white-space:nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:En" title="Template:En">en</a>|...}}</span></code> for description in English, etc., as listed in <a href="/wiki/Commons:Language_templates" title="Commons:Language templates">Commons:Language templates</a>); or using the <a href="/wiki/Template:Multilingual_description" title="Template:Multilingual description"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Multilingual description}}</span></a> template to show only the description in the user’s preferred language if there is one.</li> <li>Interwiki or interlanguage links to the article or category with the same topic in Wikipedia by adding the appropriate sitelinks on the corresponding Wikidata page. After creating the category page, click "Add links" under "In Wikipedia" on the bottom of the sidebar to the left to add them.</li></ul> <p>See also <a href="#How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic">#How to categorize: guidance by topic</a> for guidance on specific classes of category, e.g. categories about <a href="#People">#People</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sorting_categories" data-mw-thread-id="h-Sorting_categories-How_to_use_categories"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Sorting_categories-How_to_use_categories"></span>Sorting categories<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Sorting_categories-How_to_use_categories"></span></h3></div> <p>If a category should be sorted according to a different string than the category title, there are two ways: </p><p><b>Defining a sortkey (sort string) <i>for all</i> parent categories</b>: </p> <pre>{{DEFAULTSORT:sortkey}} [[Category:Parent category A]] [[Category:Parent category B]] </pre> <dl><dd>This will sort the category into all parent categories under the specified sortkey. For instance, the title of a category about a person would not be the right sort string. For such categories, insert just before the categories a line with the correct sort string like:</dd></dl> <pre>{{DEFAULTSORT:Lastname, Firstname}} </pre> <p><b>Defining a sortkey only <i>for one</i> of the parent categories</b>: </p> <pre>[[Category:Parent category A|sortkey]] [[Category:Parent category B]] </pre> <dl><dd>This will also overrides any maybe defined DEFAULTSORT for ‘Parent category A’.</dd></dl> <p><b>The default sort order on Commons is:</b> </p> <pre>░ <b>! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 9 : ; < = > ? @ A a Z z [ \ ] ^ _ ` { | } ~ É é 📚</b> </pre> <ul><li>Here the symbol <code>░</code> should simply indicate a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" class="extiw" title="w:Space (punctuation)">space</a> as sortkey, which is always sorted first.</li> <li>The two most commonly used sort keys on Commons are <b><code> </code></b> (space) and <b><code>*</code></b>, after this <b><code>!</code></b>, <b><code>#</code></b>, <b><code>+</code></b>, <b><code>-</code></b>, <b><code>.</code></b>, <b><code>:</code></b>, <b><code>?</code></b> and <b><code>~</code></b> are also often used.</li> <li>The sortkey <b><code>~</code></b> is used to sort <a href="/wiki/Commons:Templates" title="Commons:Templates">templates</a> at the end of the related Commons-category, see for example <a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_templates" title="Category:Transport templates">Category:Transport templates</a> sorted in <a href="/wiki/Category:Transport" title="Category:Transport">Category:Transport</a>.</li> <li>The special sortkey <code>📚</code> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Setcat" title="Template:Setcat"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Setcat}}</span></a>) is used to sort <a href="/wiki/Commons:Image_sets" title="Commons:Image sets">image sets</a> at the end of the related category. <small>(See e.g. <a href="/wiki/Category:Icosahedron_with_colored_vertices" title="Category:Icosahedron with colored vertices">Category:Icosahedron with colored vertices</a> sorted in <a href="/wiki/Category:Icosahedron" title="Category:Icosahedron">Category:Icosahedron</a>.)</small></li></ul> <p>→<i>See also:</i> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Sorting#Sort_modes" class="extiw" title="meta:Help:Sorting">Meta:Help:Sorting#Sort modes</a> for more information. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renaming_or_moving_categories" data-mw-thread-id="h-Renaming_or_moving_categories-How_to_use_categories"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Renaming_or_moving_categories-How_to_use_categories"></span>Renaming or moving categories<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Renaming_or_moving_categories-How_to_use_categories"></span></h3></div> <p>Please see <a href="/wiki/Commons:Rename_a_category" title="Commons:Rename a category">Commons:Rename a category</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="For_more_appropriate_categorization" data-mw-thread-id="h-For_more_appropriate_categorization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-For_more_appropriate_categorization"></span>For more appropriate categorization<span data-mw-comment-end="h-For_more_appropriate_categorization"></span></h2></div> <p>Pages (including category pages) are categorized according to their subject, and not to their contents, because the contents are generally not a permanent feature of the category page; in particular, you can momentarily find inappropriate contents in a category page. </p><p>Example: Assume that <a href="/wiki/Category:Spheres" title="Category:Spheres">Category:Spheres</a> contains only pictures of crystal balls. You must not add <a href="/wiki/Category:Glass" title="Category:Glass">Category:Glass</a> in the category page, according to the current contents, because you can have spheres made with a great variety of materials. Normally, any picture showing a glass object would be already categorized in <a href="/wiki/Category:Glass" title="Category:Glass">Category:Glass</a> (or in a category of its substructure). So, if the <a href="/wiki/Category:Spheres" title="Category:Spheres">Category:Spheres</a> is really crowded with crystal balls pictures, it would be a better idea to create a new category page, like Category:Glass spheres or Category:Crystal balls, categorized in <a href="/wiki/Category:Spheres" title="Category:Spheres">Category:Spheres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Glass" title="Category:Glass">Category:Glass</a>. </p><p>Generally files should only be in the most specific category that exists for certain topic. For example files in <a href="/wiki/Category:Looking_up_the_center_of_the_Eiffel_Tower" title="Category:Looking up the center of the Eiffel Tower">Category:Looking up the center of the Eiffel Tower</a> should not also be in <a href="/wiki/Category:Paris" title="Category:Paris">Category:Paris</a> <i>(see <a href="#Over-categorization">over-categorization</a> below)</i>. If you do not find a category that fits your purpose, you can create it — but carefully read the section about <a href="#How_to_use_categories">using categories</a> first. </p><p>This does not mean that an image only belongs in one category; it just means that images should not be in <i>redundant</i> or non-specific categories. For instance, an image of a Polar Bear being rescued from an iceberg by a helicopter should be in <a href="/wiki/Category:Ursus_maritimus" title="Category:Ursus maritimus">Category:Ursus maritimus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Icebergs" title="Category:Icebergs">Category:Icebergs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Rescue_helicopters" title="Category:Rescue helicopters">Category:Rescue helicopters</a>. It should not, however, be in <a href="/wiki/Category:Ursidae" title="Category:Ursidae">Category:Ursidae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Sea_ice" title="Category:Sea ice">Category:Sea ice</a> or <a href="/wiki/Category:Aircraft" title="Category:Aircraft">Category:Aircraft</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Categorization_tips" data-mw-thread-id="h-Categorization_tips-For_more_appropriate_categorization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Categorization_tips-For_more_appropriate_categorization"></span>Categorization tips<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Categorization_tips-For_more_appropriate_categorization"></span></h3></div> <p>The categories (or galleries) you choose for your uploads should answer as many as possible of the following questions: </p> <ul><li><b>what? / whom?:</b> what or whom does the file show? What is the main subject? What are the noteworthy features of the image? For instance <a href="/wiki/Category:Automobiles" title="Category:Automobiles">Category:Automobiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Felis_silvestris_catus" title="Category:Felis silvestris catus">Category:Felis silvestris catus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Category:Jimmy_Wales" title="Category:Jimmy Wales">Category:Jimmy Wales</a></li> <li><b>where?:</b> where was the image taken? What is the location of the subject? What is the location of the camera? This is especially important for pictures of places. E.g. <a href="/wiki/Category:Basin_Street,_New_Orleans" title="Category:Basin Street, New Orleans">Category:Basin Street, New Orleans</a> <dl><dd>also use <a href="/wiki/Template:Location" title="Template:Location"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Location}}</span></a></dd></dl></li> <li><b>when?:</b> when did the depicted events happen, or when was the image created? When was the image taken? This is especially important for historical images. An example would be <a href="/wiki/Category:Warsaw_in_September_1939" title="Category:Warsaw in September 1939">Category:Warsaw in September 1939</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:April_2010_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Category:April 2010 in Northern Ireland">Category:April 2010 in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><b>who?:</b> who is the author? This is especially important for works of well known artists and for historical images, for example <a href="/wiki/Category:Paintings_by_Rembrandt" title="Category:Paintings by Rembrandt">Category:Paintings by Rembrandt</a>. You can also use the pages from the <a href="/wiki/Category:Creator_templates" title="Category:Creator templates"><i>Creator</i> namespace</a> as templates to achieve this.</li> <li><b>how?:</b> how does the file (or the image) do that? Specifically: <ul><li><b>what view?:</b> what type of view does the image show? e.g. <a href="/wiki/Category:Plan_views" title="Category:Plan views">Category:Plan views</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Panoramics" title="Category:Panoramics">Category:Panoramics</a>.</li> <li><b>what color?:</b> which is the general color? e.g. <a href="/wiki/Category:Yellow_animals" title="Category:Yellow animals">Category:Yellow animals</a></li> <li><b>what photography technique?:</b>. If the image uses a specific <a href="/wiki/Category:Photographic_techniques" title="Category:Photographic techniques">technique</a> or <a href="/wiki/Category:Photographic_effects" title="Category:Photographic effects">effect</a>, apply the corresponding category: e.g. <a href="/wiki/Category:Tone-mapped_HDR_images" title="Category:Tone-mapped HDR images">Category:Tone-mapped HDR images</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Black_and_white_photographs" title="Category:Black and white photographs">Category:Black and white photographs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Double_exposure" title="Category:Double exposure">Category:Double exposure</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>The above questions cover the main aspects of the image to be categorized. For some images it makes sense to use all, for other images only one or two are reasonable. In addition there are several other aspects of the images that can be used to categorize the image: </p> <ul><li><b>what source?:</b> information about where the image came from. For example, <a href="/wiki/Category:Images_from_the_German_Federal_Archive" title="Category:Images from the German Federal Archive">Category:Images from the German Federal Archive</a></li> <li><b>what format?:</b> information about the media type if it is unusual. For example, <a href="/wiki/Category:Audio" title="Category:Audio">Category:Audio</a> or <a href="/wiki/Category:Animated_GIF" title="Category:Animated GIF">Category:Animated GIF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:SVG" class="mw-disambig" title="Category:SVG">Category:SVG</a></li> <li><b>what software?:</b> information about software used to create the image. For example, <a href="/wiki/Category:Created_with_Hugin" title="Category:Created with Hugin">Category:Created with Hugin</a></li> <li><b>what camera?:</b> information about the camera. For example, <a href="/wiki/Category:Taken_with_Nikon_D80" title="Category:Taken with Nikon D80">Category:Taken with Nikon D80</a></li></ul> <p>This last set is useful and important but should always be done in addition of the main set of criteria. </p><p>Categorization in Wikimedia Commons is more detailed and deep than categorization in Wikipedia projects. Compared to them, Commons has more categories for individual subjects – places, people, organizations, events, terms, etc. Almost every article on a Wikipedia can have a corresponding category on Commons. However, even if there exist more images of an ordinary person or incidental event, it is practical to group them into a special category and categorize that category instead of categorizing all similar images individually to an identical set of parent categories. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Find_an_appropriate_category" data-mw-thread-id="h-Find_an_appropriate_category-For_more_appropriate_categorization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Find_an_appropriate_category-For_more_appropriate_categorization"></span>Find an appropriate category<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Find_an_appropriate_category-For_more_appropriate_categorization"></span></h3></div> <p>To find appropriate categories for your uploads, you should navigate the category structure starting from a generic category. Narrow your search down to subcategories until you find the most specific category that fits the file you uploaded. You can navigate the category structure by following links to subcategories, or expanding the tree of subcategories by clicking on the little ▶ symbols on subcategory names. The <i><a href="#Major_categories">Major categories</a></i> section above provides a starting point, and the <i><a href="#How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic">How to categorize: guidance by topic</a></i> covers some topics more. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Over-categorization" data-mw-thread-id="h-Over-categorization-For_more_appropriate_categorization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Over-categorization-For_more_appropriate_categorization"></span>Over-categorization<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Over-categorization-For_more_appropriate_categorization"></span></h3></div> <p><i>for the inclusion criteria (the equivalent of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:OVERCAT" class="extiw" title="w:WP:OVERCAT">w:WP:OVERCAT</a>) see <a href="/wiki/Commons:Category_inclusion_criteria" title="Commons:Category inclusion criteria">Commons:Category inclusion criteria</a></i> </p> <div class="wpImageAnnotatorControl wpImageAnnotatorOff"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Over-categorization.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Over-categorization.svg/220px-Over-categorization.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Over-categorization.svg/330px-Over-categorization.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Over-categorization.svg/440px-Over-categorization.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="310"/></a><figcaption>Don't place an item into a category <i>and</i> its parent. For example, a black and white photo of the Eiffel Tower should be placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:Black_and_white_photographs_of_the_Eiffel_Tower" title="Category:Black and white photographs of the Eiffel Tower">Black and white photographs of the Eiffel Tower</a>. It should <i>not</i> be placed in both that category and the <a href="/wiki/Category:Paris" title="Category:Paris">Paris</a> category at the same time.</figcaption></figure></div><div class="shortcut2" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r927745239"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Shortcuts" title="Commons:Shortcuts">Shortcut</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r574572692"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commons:OVERCAT&redirect=no">COM:OVERCAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p>Over-categorization is placing a file, category or other page in several levels of the same branch in the category tree. The general rule is <i>always place an image in the most specific categories, and not in the levels above those.</i> Exceptions to this rule are explained in <a href="#OvercatException">the section below</a>. </p><p>Example: An image needing to be categorized shows a yellow circle. This image should be placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:Yellow_circles" title="Category:Yellow circles">Category:Yellow circles</a>. If it is also placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:Circles" title="Category:Circles">Category:Circles</a>, it is <i>over-categorized.</i> We already know that it's a circle, because all yellow circles are circles. Therefore, <a href="/wiki/Category:Circles" title="Category:Circles">Category:Circles</a> is redundant. <a href="/wiki/Template:Uw-overcat" title="Template:Uw-overcat">Template:Uw-overcat</a> can be used to advise users of this. </p><p>This applies to most files: As mentioned under the adjacent illustration, files in <a href="/wiki/Category:Black_and_white_photographs_of_the_Eiffel_Tower" title="Category:Black and white photographs of the Eiffel Tower">Category:Black and white photographs of the Eiffel Tower</a> should not also be in <a href="/wiki/Category:Paris" title="Category:Paris">Category:Paris</a>, files in <a href="/wiki/Category:Albert_Einstein" title="Category:Albert Einstein">Category:Albert Einstein</a> should not be in <a href="/wiki/Category:Physicists_from_Germany" title="Category:Physicists from Germany">Category:Physicists from Germany</a> and so on. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Why_over-categorization_is_a_problem" data-mw-thread-id="h-Why_over-categorization_is_a_problem-Over-categorization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Why_over-categorization_is_a_problem-Over-categorization"></span>Why over-categorization is a problem<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Why_over-categorization_is_a_problem-Over-categorization"></span></h4></div> <p>It's often assumed that the more categories an image is in, the easier it will be to find it. Another example: By that logic, every image showing a man should be in <a href="/wiki/Category:Men" title="Category:Men">Category:Men</a>, because even if you know nothing more about the person you're looking for than that he is a man, you'll be able to find it. The result is that the top category fills up, making it necessary to go through hundreds, or in this case more likely thousands of images to find the one you want. You probably won't find what you're looking for, and what's more, those who are looking for a generic picture of a man to illustrate an article like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man" class="extiw" title="en:Man">en:Man</a> will find that they've drowned out among the movie stars, scientists and politicians. </p><p>On lower levels, the problem becomes less acute, since the number of images will be smaller — they can still easily reach into the hundreds, though. But there is still a problem: Let's go back to Einstein. I know that he's a physicist, so I'll look in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Physicists" title="Category:Physicists">Category:Physicists</a> category. I find an image of Einstein among the hundreds of images of other physicists, which I'm not too happy with, but it's the only one there. Since there was an image there, I assume that there are no more hidden elsewhere, rather than look further in <a href="/wiki/Category:Physicists_from_Germany" title="Category:Physicists from Germany">Category:Physicists from Germany</a> and thus find <a href="/wiki/Category:Albert_Einstein" title="Category:Albert Einstein">Category:Albert Einstein</a> where there might be a better one. So over-categorization has led to two problems: The top category is cluttered, and users will stop looking for the most relevant category since they've reached one that has a relevant image. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Improper_categorization_of_categories_is_a_cause_of_over-categorization" data-mw-thread-id="h-Improper_categorization_of_categories_is_a_cause_of_over-categorization-Over-categorization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Improper_categorization_of_categories_is_a_cause_of_over-categorization-Over-categorization"></span>Improper categorization of categories is a cause of over-categorization<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Improper_categorization_of_categories_is_a_cause_of_over-categorization-Over-categorization"></span></h4></div> <p>Strange as it may sound, under-categorization can be a cause of over-categorization. When a category itself is not properly categorized, it can lead users to over-categorize files belonging in that category. An example of this: <a href="/wiki/Category:Eiv%C3%B8r_P%C3%A1lsd%C3%B3ttir" title="Category:Eivør Pálsdóttir">Category:Eivør Pálsdóttir</a> was categorized only in <a href="/wiki/Category:People_by_name" title="Category:People by name">Category:People by name</a>. A user categorizing an image of her might then be tempted to also place the image in <a href="/wiki/Category:Female_vocalists_from_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Category:Female vocalists from the Faroe Islands">Category:Female vocalists from the Faroe Islands</a>. The correct solution is to place the image only in <a href="/wiki/Category:Eiv%C3%B8r_P%C3%A1lsd%C3%B3ttir" title="Category:Eivør Pálsdóttir">Category:Eivør Pálsdóttir</a> and to make that category a subcategory of <a href="/wiki/Category:Female_vocalists_from_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Category:Female vocalists from the Faroe Islands">Category:Female vocalists from the Faroe Islands</a>. At that point, however, any images that were already placed into both categories become overcategorized and need to be manually removed from the parent category. </p><p>A related problem is erroneous categorization. Notting Hill is a district within the borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London. When it was created, <a href="/wiki/Category:Notting_Hill" title="Category:Notting Hill">Category:Notting Hill</a> was placed directly in <a href="/wiki/Category:London" title="Category:London">Category:London</a> instead of in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Category:Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Category:Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea</a> subcategory, where it should have been placed. A user categorizing an image of Notting Hill might then be tempted to place it both in <a href="/wiki/Category:Notting_Hill" title="Category:Notting Hill">Category:Notting Hill</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Category:Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Category:Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea</a>. Instead, each image should be placed only in the most specific categories, and those categories should in turn be placed in their most specific categories. </p><p>When you encounter improperly categorized categories, please place them in the appropriate parent categories if you are able to do so. That will not only help avoid over-categorization, but it will also make it easier to move through the category tree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exception_for_images_with_more_categorized_subjects" data-mw-thread-id="h-Exception_for_images_with_more_categorized_subjects-Over-categorization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Exception_for_images_with_more_categorized_subjects-Over-categorization"></span><span id="OvercatException"></span> Exception for images with more categorized subjects<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Exception_for_images_with_more_categorized_subjects-Over-categorization"></span></h4></div> <p>A file that depicts only one relevant subject should not be over-categorized. Where a file depicts additional relevant subjects, and the additional subjects do not have their own subcategories, consideration can be given to temporarily categorizing the image in both the subcategory and the parent category. </p><p>For example, this situation might arise in the case of a photograph of three politicians, one of whom is <a href="/wiki/Category:Angela_Merkel" title="Category:Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (who has her own Commons category), with two other politicians who do not yet have their own categories. While the image would undoubtedly be categorized in <a href="/wiki/Category:Angela_Merkel" title="Category:Angela Merkel">Category:Angela Merkel</a> or one of its subcategories, it would typically be considered to be over-categorization to also include it in <a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_of_Germany" title="Category:Politicians of Germany">Category:Politicians of Germany</a>. Users would, however, be unlikely to search for the two other politicians in the Merkel category. Ideally, we would create specific subcategories for the two other politicians (where warranted), or find other relevant subcategories (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_of_Bavaria" title="Category:Politicians of Bavaria">Category:Politicians of Bavaria</a> or <a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_FDP" title="Category:Members of the FDP">Category:Members of the FDP</a>, etc.), that would enable us to avoid over-categorization. In some circumstances, however, we may need to temporarily categorize the image in <a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_of_Germany" title="Category:Politicians of Germany">Category:Politicians of Germany</a> where other appropriate subcategories do not yet exist. </p><p>Countries may be categorized as part of multiple overlapping categories. For example, <a href="/wiki/Category:India" title="Category:India">Category:India</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_of_South_Asia" title="Category:Countries of South Asia">Category:Countries of South Asia</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_of_Asia" title="Category:Countries of Asia">Category:Countries of Asia</a>. </p><p>Also user categories are exempted of over-categorization as those are not visible to most viewers, and project users include them for many different purposes like sorting, stats, filling values for userboxes, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"></span>How to categorize: guidance by topic<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"></span></h2></div> <p>For some categories, there is special guidance on how best to sort content within that category. This guidance can be found in a <a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_schemes" title="Category:Commons category schemes">category scheme</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_projects" title="Category:Commons projects">Commons project</a> for your topic. There is also some categorizing information in this section and sometimes there is guidance at the top of the category's page, in the Category <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Namespace" class="extiw" title="meta:Namespace">namespace</a>. So, for instance, some guidance on categorizing content depicting people is at the top of <a href="/wiki/Category:People" title="Category:People">Category:People</a>, and some is in the section <a href="#People">People</a> below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structures" data-mw-thread-id="h-Structures-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Structures-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"></span>Structures<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Structures-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"></span></h3></div> <p>Content depicting <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Structures" class="mw-disambig" title="Category:Structures">Structures</a></b>, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings" title="Category:Buildings">Buildings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Tunnels" title="Category:Tunnels">Tunnels</a>, can be classified like this: </p><p><b>Structure Category</b>. First check if there is already a Category for this specific structure. </p> <ul><li>If yes: put it in there.</li> <li>If no: If you have more than two pictures: create a new Category, named after the structure. For example <a href="/wiki/Category:Rheinbr%C3%BCcke_Emmerich" title="Category:Rheinbrücke Emmerich">Category:Rheinbrücke Emmerich</a>. Use the common name, not necessarily the English one.</li></ul> <p>Then you categorize the category (NOT each single picture!) under the following possibilities: </p> <ul><li>Location: see <a href="/wiki/Category:Structures_by_country" title="Category:Structures by country">Category:Structures by country</a>, for example: <a href="/wiki/Category:Structures_in_Germany" title="Category:Structures in Germany">Category:Structures in Germany</a></li> <li>Function: see <a href="/wiki/Category:Structures_by_function" title="Category:Structures by function">Category:Structures by function</a>, for example: <a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges" title="Category:Bridges">Category:Bridges</a></li> <li>Type / construction: see <a href="/wiki/Category:Structures_by_type" title="Category:Structures by type">Category:Structures by type</a></li> <li>Material: see <a href="/wiki/Category:Structures_by_material" title="Category:Structures by material">Category:Structures by material</a> for example <a href="/wiki/Category:Concrete_structures" title="Category:Concrete structures">Category:Concrete structures</a></li> <li>Engineer: see <a href="/wiki/Category:Structural_engineers" title="Category:Structural engineers">Category:Structural engineers</a> for example: <a href="/wiki/Category:John_A._Roebling" title="Category:John A. Roebling">Category:John A. Roebling</a></li> <li>Architect: see <a href="/wiki/Category:Architects" title="Category:Architects">Category:Architects</a> for example: <a href="/wiki/Category:Norman_Foster" title="Category:Norman Foster">Category:Norman Foster</a></li></ul> <p>Afterwards, categorize the image by the way the structure is depicted, such as: </p> <ul><li>Painting or drawing: see <a href="/wiki/Category:Paintings_of_structures" title="Category:Paintings of structures">Category:Paintings of structures</a> or <a href="/wiki/Category:Drawings_of_structures" title="Category:Drawings of structures">Category:Drawings of structures</a></li> <li>Postcard: see <a href="/wiki/Category:Postcards_of_structures" title="Category:Postcards of structures">Category:Postcards of structures</a></li> <li>By view or point of view, see <a href="/wiki/Category:Structures_by_view" title="Category:Structures by view">Category:Structures by view</a>, with subcategories such as <a href="/wiki/Category:Structures_viewed_from_above" title="Category:Structures viewed from above">Category:Structures viewed from above</a>, etc.</li></ul> <p>Also consider the part and the context visible: </p> <ul><li>For parts, see categories such as <a href="/wiki/Category:Bridge_elements" title="Category:Bridge elements">Category:Bridge elements</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Tunnel_portals" title="Category:Tunnel portals">Category:Tunnel portals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Interiors_of_towers" title="Category:Interiors of towers">Category:Interiors of towers</a></li> <li>For context, see categories such as <a href="/wiki/Category:People_with_structures" title="Category:People with structures">Category:People with structures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Trains_on_bridges" title="Category:Trains on bridges">Category:Trains on bridges</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People" data-mw-thread-id="h-People-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-People-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"></span>People<span data-mw-comment-end="h-People-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"></span></h3></div> <p>Content depicting people should be put in categories which describe them, such as <a href="/wiki/Category:Economists_from_the_United_States" title="Category:Economists from the United States">Category:Economists from the United States</a>. Start exploring at <a href="/wiki/Category:People" title="Category:People">Category:People</a>. </p><p>Please see <a href="/wiki/Commons:Suggested_category_scheme_for_people" title="Commons:Suggested category scheme for people">Commons:Suggested category scheme for people</a> for details on how to name and organize these categories. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landscapes,_outdoor_views" data-mw-thread-id="h-Landscapes,_outdoor_views-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"><span id="Landscapes.2C_outdoor_views"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Landscapes,_outdoor_views-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"></span>Landscapes, outdoor views<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Landscapes,_outdoor_views-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"></span></h3></div> <p>Content depicting a given subject from a common vantage point are grouped in <i>Views of Subject from Viewpoint</i> categories such as <a href="/wiki/Category:Views_of_Cathedral_of_Seville_from_the_Giralda" title="Category:Views of Cathedral of Seville from the Giralda">Views of Cathedral of Seville from the Giralda</a>. Such categories should be subcategories of both the subject's category (<a href="/wiki/Category:Cathedral_of_Seville" title="Category:Cathedral of Seville">Cathedral of Seville</a> in this example) and the viewpoint's category (<a href="/wiki/Category:Giralda" title="Category:Giralda">Giralda</a> in this example). </p><p>In this example, the <a href="/wiki/Category:Views_of_Cathedral_of_Seville_from_the_Giralda" title="Category:Views of Cathedral of Seville from the Giralda">Views of Cathedral of Seville from the Giralda</a> category is not placed directly in the subject and viewpoint categories, but in <a href="/wiki/Category:Views_of_the_Cathedral_of_Seville" title="Category:Views of the Cathedral of Seville">Views of the Cathedral of Seville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Views_from_Giralda" title="Category:Views from Giralda">Views from Giralda</a>. Such intermediate categories are often necessary to create structure and avoid <a href="#over-categorization">over-categorization</a>, particularly for views of a city from a vantage point located within the city. For example, <a href="/wiki/Category:Views_of_Rome_from_the_Pincio" title="Category:Views of Rome from the Pincio">Views of Rome from the Pincio</a> needs the intermediate category <a href="/wiki/Category:Views_of_Rome" title="Category:Views of Rome">Views of Rome</a> to avoid placing it directly in <a href="/wiki/Category:Rome" title="Category:Rome">Rome</a>, which would constitute over-categorization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texts" data-mw-thread-id="h-Texts-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Texts-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"></span>Texts<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Texts-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"></span></h3></div> <p>Texts, such as scans of books, should normally have a category for each version of the scan and each edition of the text. Thus a book published in three separate editions would have a parent category for the book, three subcategories for each text, and further subcategories for the text as a jpeg, a DjVu, etc., assuming each version had actually been uploaded. (Categories would not be created for editions not held on Commons.) This is particularly important for files in formats other than DjVu and PDF, where the category is the only practical means of keeping the scans together; see eg. <a href="/wiki/Category:The_Chronicles_of_England,_Scotland_and_Ireland,_Holinshed,_1587" title="Category:The Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, Holinshed, 1587">Category:The Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, Holinshed, 1587</a> which contains 2857 jpeg images of page scans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GLAMs" data-mw-thread-id="h-GLAMs-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-GLAMs-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"></span>GLAMs<span data-mw-comment-end="h-GLAMs-How_to_categorize:_guidance_by_topic"></span></h3></div> <p>For categorization issues related to mass content donations from GLAMs (Galleries, Libraries, Archives & Museums), please see <a href="/wiki/Commons:Guide_to_batch_uploading#Categories" title="Commons:Guide to batch uploading">Commons:Guide to batch uploading#Categories</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Categorization_workflow" data-mw-thread-id="h-Categorization_workflow"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Categorization_workflow"></span>Categorization workflow<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Categorization_workflow"></span></h2></div> <p>Currently, a bot checks if newly uploaded files are categorized in topical categories and attempts to categorize files that are not. Before 17 June 2015, <a href="/wiki/User:CategorizationBot" title="User:CategorizationBot">CategorizationBot</a> was responsible for this job. As of June 2019, <a href="/wiki/User:SteinsplitterBot" title="User:SteinsplitterBot">SteinsplitterBot</a> occasionally checks for uncategorized files. The workflow is the following: </p> <ol><li>User uploads a new file and adds categories (or not).</li> <li>A bot checks if the file is categorized. <ul><li>File is already categorized => ok</li> <li>File is not categorized => the bot tags the file for <a href="/wiki/Category:Media_needing_categories" title="Category:Media needing categories">Category:Media needing categories</a>. Today's files are in <a href="/wiki/Category:Media_needing_categories_as_of_23_November_2024" title="Category:Media needing categories as of 23 November 2024">Category:Media needing categories as of 23 November 2024</a></li></ul></li> <li>Users categorize files further (e.g. category diffusion below)</li></ol> <p><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/User:CategorizationBot#Process" title="User:CategorizationBot">User:CategorizationBot#Process</a>, <a href="/wiki/User:Multichill/Categorization_stats" title="User:Multichill/Categorization stats">categorization statistics</a> </p><p>Other, if manual, categorization workflows are possible : </p> <ul><li>Category filling: Use appropriate keywords in the search engine to find the files that should be in a given category, and put them there.</li> <li>Category diffusing: Go to <a href="/wiki/Category:Categories_requiring_diffusion" title="Category:Categories requiring diffusion">Category:Categories requiring diffusion</a>, select a crowded category, create appropriate subcategories if needed, and move the files to the subcategories. Gadgets like Cat-a-lot and HotCat can help.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Categories_marked_with_"HIDDENCAT"" data-mw-thread-id="h-Categories_marked_with_"HIDDENCAT""><span id="Categories_marked_with_.22HIDDENCAT.22"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Categories_marked_with_"HIDDENCAT""></span>Categories marked with "HIDDENCAT"<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Categories_marked_with_"HIDDENCAT""></span></h2></div> <div class="shortcut2" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r927745239"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Shortcuts" title="Commons:Shortcuts">Shortcut</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r574572692"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commons:HIDDENCAT&redirect=no">COM:HIDDENCAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p>Many non-topical categories are marked with the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#Behavior_switches" class="extiw" title="mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words">magic word</a> <code>__HIDDENCAT__</code> or <a href="/wiki/Template:Hiddencat" title="Template:Hiddencat"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Hiddencat}}</span></a> on the category page. The advantage of using the template is that there will be an additional Infobox for the user stating that: </p> <pre><i>"This category is <a href="/wiki/Category:Hidden_categories" title="Category:Hidden categories">not shown</a> on its member pages unless the appropriate user preference is set."</i> </pre> <p>An example of using <code>__HIDDENCAT__</code> is <a href="/wiki/Category:PD_NASA" title="Category:PD NASA">Category:PD NASA</a>. An example of using the template is <a href="/wiki/Category:Wildtunis/100WikiCommonsDays" title="Category:Wildtunis/100WikiCommonsDays">Category:Wildtunis/100WikiCommonsDays</a>. </p><p>While categories are generally visible on every page, categories marked with <code>__HIDDENCAT__</code> or <a href="/wiki/Template:Hiddencat" title="Template:Hiddencat"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Hiddencat}}</span></a> are only visible: </p> <ul><li>on the edit screen: at the end of the screen, below the edit box</li> <li>on category pages: <ul><li>on subcategories to the hidden category: in the normal location, but on a separate line with a smaller typeface and the label "Hidden categories."</li> <li>on parent categories: in the same way as other categories</li></ul></li> <li>on file description pages and gallery pages: for logged-in users who have selected to "Show hidden categories" in their <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering" title="Special:Preferences">appearance preferences</a>. This is activated for all newly registered users.</li></ul> <p>This feature is generally used for template-based categories, such as license tag based categories. For example, placing <a href="/wiki/Template:PD-old-100" title="Template:PD-old-100"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{PD-old-100}}</span></a> on a file description page adds the file to <a href="/wiki/Category:Author_died_more_than_100_years_ago_public_domain_images" title="Category:Author died more than 100 years ago public domain images">Category:Author died more than 100 years ago public domain images</a>, which is marked with <code>__HIDDENCAT__</code>. </p><p>For more details, see the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Categories#Hidden_categories" class="extiw" title="mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Categories">help section on hidden categories</a> for Mediawiki (the software that Commons uses). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Templates_for_categories" data-mw-thread-id="h-Templates_for_categories"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Templates_for_categories"></span>Templates for categories<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Templates_for_categories"></span></h2></div> <p>Some templates are designed for use on category pages - see <a href="/wiki/Category:Category_namespace_templates" title="Category:Category namespace templates">Category:Category namespace templates</a>. If the category is linked to a Wikidata entry, then you can use: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikidata_Infobox" title="Template:Wikidata Infobox"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Wikidata Infobox}}</span></a></li></ul> <p>which displays a summary of the topic's information that is available on Wikidata, and also auto-adds birth/death/name/monument ID categories. </p><p>Some of the more commonly used ones are <a href="/wiki/Category:Category_header_templates" title="Category:Category header templates">Category:Category header templates</a> such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_TOC" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Category TOC"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Category TOC}}</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:LargeCategoryTOC" title="Template:LargeCategoryTOC"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{LargeCategoryTOC}}</span></a> - to provide a table of contents for very large categories with many subcategories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:ImageTOC" title="Template:ImageTOC"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{ImageTOC}}</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:FileCategoryTOC" title="Template:FileCategoryTOC"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{FileCategoryTOC}}</span></a> - to provide a table of contents for large categories with many files and few subcategories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Image_template_notice" title="Template:Image template notice"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Image template notice}}</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:Autocat" title="Template:Autocat"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Autocat}}</span></a> - for maintenance categories populated by a specific template.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Global_maintenance_category" title="Template:Global maintenance category"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Global maintenance category}}</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:Local_maintenance_category" title="Template:Local maintenance category"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Local maintenance category}}</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:MetaCat" title="Template:MetaCat"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{MetaCat}}</span></a> - for categories which should only contain other categories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:By_country_category" title="Template:By country category"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{By country category}}</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:By_language_category" title="Template:By language category"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{By language category}}</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:By_century_category" title="Template:By century category"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{By century category}}</span></a> - for specific types of meta category</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:CatDiffuse" title="Template:CatDiffuse"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{CatDiffuse}}</span></a> (temporary) and <a href="/wiki/Template:Categorise" title="Template:Categorise"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Categorise}}</span></a> (permanent) - for large categories which need maintenance to move files into subcategories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Category tree"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Category tree}}</span></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Tools" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tools"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Tools"></span>Tools<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Tools"></span></h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r428405392">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i,.mw-parser-output .hatnote.noitalic{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote+div.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Commons:Tools" title="Commons:Tools">Commons:Tools</a> </div> <ul><li>Gadgets enabled through the <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets" title="Special:Preferences">user preferences</a> <ul><li><span id="mw-prefsection-gadgets-Gadget-Cat-a-lot" lang="en" dir="ltr"><bdi><i>Cat-a-lot</i></bdi>: A tool that helps with moving multiple files between categories or adding categories to search results.</span> <small>[<a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot"><bdi>documentation</bdi></a> / <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki_talk:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js" title="MediaWiki talk:Gadget-Cat-a-lot.js"><bdi>talk</bdi></a>]</small> </li> <li><span id="mw-prefsection-gadgets-Gadget-HotCat" lang="en" dir="ltr"><bdi><i>HotCat</i></bdi>: <sup><abbr title="default gadget – enabled by default">d</abbr></sup> Easily add / remove / change a category on a page, with name suggestions.</span> <small>[<a href="/wiki/Help:Gadget-HotCat" title="Help:Gadget-HotCat"><bdi>documentation</bdi></a> / <a href="/wiki/File:HotCat.png" title="File:HotCat.png"><bdi>example</bdi></a> / <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki_talk:Gadget-HotCat.js" title="MediaWiki talk:Gadget-HotCat.js"><bdi>talk</bdi></a>]</small> </li> <li><span id="mw-prefsection-gadgets-Gadget-GalleryDetails" lang="en" dir="ltr"><bdi><i>Gallery Details</i></bdi>: Adds a link in the toolbox to display galleries and categories (and <a href="/wiki/Special:NewFiles" title="Special:NewFiles">Newimages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" title="Special:Search">Search</a> result pages) with extensive details from file description pages and links to easily mark an image without source, etc. If <i>Pretty log</i> is activated, it also works on <a href="/wiki/Special:Log" title="Special:Log">Log</a> pages.</span> <small>[<a href="/wiki/Help:Gadget-GalleryDetails" title="Help:Gadget-GalleryDetails"><bdi>documentation</bdi></a> / <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki_talk:Gadget-GalleryDetails.js" title="MediaWiki talk:Gadget-GalleryDetails.js"><bdi>talk</bdi></a>]</small> </li> <li><span id="mw-prefsection-gadgets-Gadget-CategoryAboveBelowImage" lang="en" dir="ltr">Place categories above content, but below image on file description pages.</span> Modifies the placement of categories on the user interface.</li> <li><span id="mw-prefsection-gadgets-Gadget-Searchnotincat" lang="en" dir="ltr">Add a link to category pages to search for the category name with the option "-incategory". This excludes files already in the category (doesn't work if the category was added by a template).</span> <small>[<a href="/wiki/MediaWiki_talk:Gadget-Searchnotincat.js" title="MediaWiki talk:Gadget-Searchnotincat.js"><bdi>talk</bdi></a>]</small> </li></ul></li> <li>Toollabs / toolserver tools <ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://petscan.wmflabs.org/">PetScan</a></span> – this new version has other features</li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Dapete/vCat#English" class="extiw" title="m:User:Dapete/vCat">English vCat</a> – plots categories trees. For example <a class="external free" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/vcat/render?wiki=commonswiki&category=Water%20wells">https://tools.wmflabs.org/vcat/render?wiki=commonswiki&category=Water%20wells</a> generates graph for parent categories of <a href="/wiki/Category:Water_wells" title="Category:Water wells">Category:Water wells</a></li></ul></li> <li>Special pages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Alphabetic lists of categories with files or other pages in them</a> – including nonexistent categories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CategoryTree" title="Special:CategoryTree">Category tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedCategories" title="Special:UnusedCategories">Unused categories</a> – including categories redirected with <a href="/wiki/Template:Category_redirect" title="Template:Category redirect"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{Category redirect}}</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedCategories" title="Special:UncategorizedCategories">Uncategorized categories</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bookmarklets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories/redirect_bookmarklets" title="Commons:Categories/redirect bookmarklets">Category redirect bookmarklets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aircraft_by_registration#Bookmarklets" title="Category:Aircraft by registration">Bookmarklets for categorization of aircraft by registration</a></li></ul></li> <li>Scripts, software, etc. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commons:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Commons:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a> (for access: <a href="/wiki/Commons:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON" title="Commons:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON">checkpage</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pywikipediabot" class="extiw" title="m:Pywikipediabot">pywikipediabot</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pywikipediabot/category.py" class="extiw" title="m:Pywikipediabot/category.py">category.py</a> (for access: <a href="/wiki/Commons:Bots/Requests" title="Commons:Bots/Requests">request page</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Waggers/degrandparent" title="User:Waggers/degrandparent">Degrandparent</a> – a tool to remove files from a category if they are also in one or more of its subcategories.</li></ul></li> <li>Bots <ul><li><a href="/wiki/User:SieBot" title="User:SieBot">SieBot</a> – renames or adds categories. See <a href="/wiki/User:CommonsDelinker/commands/documentation#Controlling_SieBot" title="User:CommonsDelinker/commands/documentation">documentation</a> – <a href="/wiki/User_talk:CommonsDelinker/commands" title="User talk:CommonsDelinker/commands">requests</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:EuseBot" title="User:EuseBot">EuseBot</a> – adds additional parent categories to categories (and galleries) depending on which category an article in English Wikipedia is in. For <a href="/wiki/User_talk:EuseBot/commands" title="User talk:EuseBot/commands">requests</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:RussBot" title="User:RussBot">RussBot</a> – clears <a href="/wiki/Category:Non-empty_category_redirects" title="Category:Non-empty category redirects">Non-empty category redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:CategorizationBot" title="User:CategorizationBot">CategorizationBot</a> – adds uncategorized images into <a href="/wiki/Category:Media_needing_categories" title="Category:Media needing categories">Media needing categories</a> – notifies uploaders, and attempts to categorize images (<a href="/wiki/Category:Media_needing_category_review" title="Category:Media needing category review">Media needing category review</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Bots/Work_requests" title="Commons:Bots/Work requests">Requests for work to be done</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Category" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Category">MediaWiki's handbook section on categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_schemes" title="Category:Commons category schemes">Category:Commons category schemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Deletion_policy#Categories" title="Commons:Deletion policy">Commons:Deletion policy for categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories_requiring_diffusion" title="Commons:Categories requiring diffusion">Commons:Categories requiring diffusion</a> - tabular listing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Galleries" title="Commons:Galleries">Commons:Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Category_disambiguation" title="Commons:Category disambiguation">Commons:Category disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Category_inclusion_criteria" title="Commons:Category inclusion criteria">Commons:Category inclusion criteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categorization_requests" title="Commons:Categorization requests">Commons:Categorization requests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Report_UncategorizedCategories_with_redcats" title="Commons:Report UncategorizedCategories with redcats">Categories with only non-existing categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons:Database_reports/Self-categorized_categories" title="Commons:Database reports/Self-categorized categories">Self-categorized categories</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikimedia_Commons_policies_and_guidelines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commons_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template:Commons policies and guidelines"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commons_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template talk:Commons policies and guidelines"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Commons_policies_and_guidelines&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</span></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikimedia_Commons_policies_and_guidelines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wikimedia Commons <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Policies and guidelines">policies and guidelines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_policies" title="Category:Commons policies">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Project</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:General_disclaimer" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:General disclaimer">General disclaimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project_scope" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project scope">Project scope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project_scope/Allowable_file_types" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project scope/Allowable file types">Allowable file types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project_scope/Evidence" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project scope/Evidence">Evidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project_scope/Neutral_point_of_view" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project scope/Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project_scope/Precautionary_principle" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project scope/Precautionary principle">Precautionary principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project_scope/Pages,_galleries_and_categories" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Project scope/Pages, galleries and categories">Pages, galleries and categories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Use_of_gender_neutral_language" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Use of gender neutral language">Use of gender neutral language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Content</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Licensing" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Licensing">Licensing policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:De_minimis" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:De minimis">De minimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Fair_use" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Fair use">Fair use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-Art_tag" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag">When to use the PD-Art tag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Deletion_policy" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Deletion policy">Deletion policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Criteria for speedy deletion">Criteria for speedy deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Revision_deletion" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Revision deletion">Revision deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Language_policy" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Language policy">Language policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Categories" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Categories">Category policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Behaviour</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Blocking_policy" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Blocking policy">Blocking policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Protection_policy" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Protection policy">Page protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Administrators/De-adminship" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Administrators/De-adminship">De-adminship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Paid_contribution_disclosure_policy" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Paid contribution disclosure policy">Paid contribution disclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Translation_administrators/Policy" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Translation administrators/Policy">Translation administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Signatures" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Signatures">Signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Username_policy" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Username policy">Username policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_guidelines" title="Category:Commons guidelines">Guidelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Content</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:What_Commons_is_not" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:What Commons is not">What Commons is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Non-copyright_restrictions" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Non-copyright restrictions">Non-copyright restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Fan_art" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Fan art">Fan art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Nudity" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Nudity">Nudity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Photographs_of_identifiable_people" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Photographs of identifiable people">Photographs of identifiable people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Derivative_works" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Derivative works">Derivative works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-scan_tag" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag">When to use the PD-scan tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Galleries" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Galleries">Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Image_annotations" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Image annotations">Using ImageAnnotator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:File_naming" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:File naming">File naming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:File_renaming" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:File renaming">File renaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Overwriting_existing_files" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Overwriting existing files">Overwriting existing files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Grandfathered_old_files" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Grandfathered old files">Grandfathered old files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:AI-generated_media" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:AI-generated media">AI-generated media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Behaviour</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Assume_good_faith" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Copyleft_trolling" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Copyleft trolling">Copyleft trolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Ownership_of_pages_and_files" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Ownership of pages and files">Ownership of pages and files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Talk page guidelines">Talk page guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:User-specific_galleries,_templates_and_categories" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:User-specific galleries, templates and categories">User-specific galleries, templates and categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Administrators" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Administrators">Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Vandalism" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Rollback" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Patrol" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Patrol">Patrol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_licensing_help" title="Category:Commons licensing help">Licensing help</a><br/>(<a href="/wiki/Commons:Village_pump/Copyright" title="Commons:Village pump/Copyright">Village pump</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Choosing_a_license" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Choosing a license">Choosing a license</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Copyright_rules" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Copyright rules">Copyright rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_subject_matter" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Copyright rules by subject matter">Copyright rules by subject matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Copyright rules by territory">Copyright rules by territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Copyright_tags" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Copyright tags">Copyright tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:PD_files" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:PD files">PD files</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Copyright principles</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Threshold_of_originality" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Threshold of originality">Threshold of originality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Derivative_works" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Derivative works">Derivative works</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:2D_copying" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:2D copying">2D copying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Screenshots" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Screenshots">Screenshots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Freedom_of_panorama" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Freedom of panorama">Freedom of panorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:URAA-restored_copyrights" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:URAA-restored copyrights">URAA-restored copyrights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Using files</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Reusing_content_outside_Wikimedia" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Reusing content outside Wikimedia">Reusing content outside Wikimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Credit_line" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Credit line">Credit line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Reuse_of_PD-Art_photographs" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Reuse of PD-Art photographs">Reuse of PD-Art photographs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:How_to_detect_copyright_violations" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:How to detect copyright violations">How to detect<br/>copyright violations</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:License_laundering" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:License laundering">License laundering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Problematic_sources" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Problematic sources">Problematic sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Flickr_files" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Flickr files">Flickr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Bad_sources" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Bad sources">Bad sources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:License_review" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:License review">License review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wmf:">WMF</a> policies</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:auto;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Office_actions" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Office actions">Office actions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Community_portal" title="Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Community portal">Community portal</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents">Help contents</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-uls" class="mw-list-item active"><a class="uls-trigger" href="#"><span>English</span></a></li><li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="The user page for the IP address you are editing as">Not logged in</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" 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accesskey="c"><span>Project page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Commons_talk:Categories" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Views</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Categories"><span>View</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commons:Categories&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commons:Categories&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>History</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" > <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">More</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box"> <h3 >Search</h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikimedia Commons" aria-label="Search Wikimedia Commons" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikimedia Commons [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:MediaSearch"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Search the pages for this text" value="Search"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" value="Go"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></a> </div> <nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Navigate</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-welcome" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Welcome"><span>Welcome</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Village_pump"><span>Village pump</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="The place to find out"><span>Help center</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-participate" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-participate vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-participate-label" > <h3 id="p-participate-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Participate</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-uploadbtn" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:UploadWizard"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-latestfiles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:NewFiles"><span>Latest files</span></a></li><li id="n-randomimage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random/File" title="Load a random file [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random file</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Commons:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" > <h3 id="p-tb-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Commons:Categories" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Commons:Categories" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commons:Categories&oldid=957872548" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commons:Categories&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCommons%3ACategories"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCommons%3ACategories"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-coll-print_export" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label" > <h3 id="p-coll-print_export-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Print/export</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Commons%3ACategories"><span>Create a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Commons%3ACategories&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commons:Categories&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In other projects</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta:Categories" hreflang="en"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Categories" hreflang="en"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:Categories" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" hreflang="en"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Categories" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:Categories" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Categorization" hreflang="en"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4167836" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In Wikipedia</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien" title="Wikipedia:Kategorien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wikipedia:Kategorien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81" title="ويكيبيديا:تصنيف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:تصنيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81" title="ويكيبيديا:تصنيف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويكيبيديا:تصنيف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8" title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Kateqoriyala%C5%9Fd%C4%B1rma" title="Vikipediya:Kateqoriyalaşdırma – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vikipediya:Kateqoriyalaşdırma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%A8%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D9%87" title="ویکی‌پدیا:بؤلمه‌له‌مه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:بؤلمه‌له‌مه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Википедия:Категориялаштырыу – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Википедия:Категориялаштырыу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Вікіпедыя:Катэгарызацыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вікіпедыя:Катэгарызацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Вікіпэдыя:Катэгорыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вікіпэдыя:Катэгорыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Уикипедия:Категории – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Категории" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="विकिपीडिया:श्रेणी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विकिपीडिया:श्रेणी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:বিষয়শ্রেণীকরণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:বিষয়শ্রেণীকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Rummadi%C3%B1" title="Wikipedia:Rummadiñ – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wikipedia:Rummadiñ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorizacija" title="Wikipedia:Kategorizacija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Wikipedia:Kategorizacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Categoritzaci%C3%B3" title="Viquipèdia:Categorització – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viquipèdia:Categorització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorisasyon" title="Wikipedia:Kategorisasyon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Wikipedia:Kategorisasyon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="ویکیپیدیا:پۆلێنکردن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویکیپیدیا:پۆلێنکردن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:Kategorizace" title="Wikipedie:Kategorizace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikipedie:Kategorizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wikipedia:Kategorier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien" title="Wikipedia:Kategorien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikipedia:Kategorien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Βικιπαίδεια:Κατηγοριοποίηση – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βικιπαίδεια:Κατηγοριοποίηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wikipedia:Categorization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizaci%C3%B3n" title="Wikipedia:Categorización – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wikipedia:Categorización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipeedia:Kategoriseerimise_kord" title="Vikipeedia:Kategoriseerimise kord – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vikipeedia:Kategoriseerimise kord" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ویکی‌پدیا:رده‌بندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:رده‌بندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Luokittelu" title="Wikipedia:Luokittelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wikipedia:Luokittelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Conventions_sur_les_cat%C3%A9gories" title="Wikipédia:Conventions sur les catégories – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wikipédia:Conventions sur les catégories" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="Wikipedia:分類 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="Wikipedia:分類" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Wikipedia:Categorías – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wikipedia:Categorías" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE:%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A3%E0%AB%80" title="વિકિપીડિયા:શ્રેણી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિકિપીડિયા:શ્રેણી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ronnaghys" title="Wikipedia:Ronnaghys – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Wikipedia:Ronnaghys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="ויקיפדיה:קטגוריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקיפדיה:קטגוריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="विकिपीडिया:श्रेणीकरण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:श्रेणीकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Kategorije" title="Wikipedija:Kategorije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wikipedija:Kategorije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Kateg%C3%B3ri%C3%A1k" title="Wikipédia:Kategóriák – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:Kategóriák" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1:%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Վիքիպեդիա:Կատեգորիզացիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիքիպեդիա:Կատեգորիզացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categoria" title="Wikipedia:Categoria – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Wikipedia:Categoria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:Categorie/Categorizzazione" title="Aiuto:Categorie/Categorizzazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Categorie/Categorizzazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:カテゴリの方針 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wikipedia:カテゴリの方針" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ვიკიპედია:კატეგორიზაცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიკიპედია:კატეგორიზაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF:%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3" title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ವರ್ಗೀಕರಣ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ವರ್ಗೀಕರಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98" title="위키백과:분류 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:분류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Kategor%C3%AEkirin" title="Wîkîpediya:Kategorîkirin – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Wîkîpediya:Kategorîkirin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Klassys" title="Wikipedia:Klassys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Wikipedia:Klassys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:De_categoriis" title="Vicipaedia:De categoriis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vicipaedia:De categoriis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedija:Straipsni%C5%B3_kategorizavimo_taisykl%C4%97s" title="Vikipedija:Straipsnių kategorizavimo taisyklės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikipedija:Straipsnių kategorizavimo taisyklės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Википедија:Категоризација – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Википедија:Категоризација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:വർഗ്ഗീകരണം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:വർഗ്ഗീകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="विकिपीडिया:वर्गीकरण – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विकिपीडिया:वर्गीकरण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategori" title="Wikipedia:Kategori – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wikipedia:Kategori" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:ကဏ္ဍခွဲခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:ကဏ္ဍခွဲခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien" title="Wikipedia:Kategorien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wikipedia:Kategorien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="विकिपिडिया:श्रेणीकरण – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विकिपिडिया:श्रेणीकरण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorie%C3%ABnschema" title="Wikipedia:Categorieënschema – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wikipedia:Categorieënschema" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਕਰਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਕਰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategoryzacja" title="Wikipedia:Kategoryzacja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikipedia:Kategoryzacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%DB%90" title="ويکيپېډيا:وېشنيزې – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويکيپېډيا:وېشنيزې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Categoriza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Wikipédia:Categorização – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Categorização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipidiya:Shopni" title="Vikipidiya:Shopni – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Vikipidiya:Shopni" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorisire" title="Wikipedia:Categorisire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wikipedia:Categorisire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Википедия:Категоризация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Категоризация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Catigur%C3%ACa" title="Wikipedia:Catigurìa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Wikipedia:Catigurìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorisation" title="Wikipedia:Categorisation – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wikipedia:Categorisation" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="وڪيپيڊيا:زمري بندي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وڪيپيڊيا:زمري بندي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Klassifiseren" title="Wikipedia:Klassifiseren – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Wikipedia:Klassifiseren" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Kategorija" title="Wikipedija:Kategorija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wikipedija:Kategorija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="විකිපීඩියා:ප්‍රවර්ගකරණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:ප්‍රවර්ගකරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories" title="Wikipedia:Categories – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wikipedia:Categories" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Kategoriz%C3%A1cia" title="Wikipédia:Kategorizácia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wikipédia:Kategorizácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Kategorizacija" title="Wikipedija:Kategorizacija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wikipedija:Kategorizacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorizimi" title="Wikipedia:Kategorizimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Wikipedia:Kategorizimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Википедија:Категоризација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Википедија:Категоризација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorisasi" title="Wikipedia:Kategorisasi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wikipedia:Kategorisasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Strukturering" title="Wikipedia:Strukturering – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikipedia:Strukturering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE:%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:பகுப்பாக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:பகுப்பாக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3" title="వికీపీడియా:వర్గీకరణ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వికీపీడియా:వర్గీకరణ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Википедиа:Гурӯҳбандӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Википедиа:Гурӯҳбандӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" title="วิกิพีเดีย:การจัดหมวดหมู่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิกิพีเดีย:การจัดหมวดหมู่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Kategorilendirme" title="Vikipedi:Kategorilendirme – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Kategorilendirme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Википедия:Төркемләү – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Википедия:Төркемләү" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Вікіпедія:Категоризація – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікіпедія:Категоризація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ویکیپیڈیا:زمرہ بندی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویکیپیڈیا:زمرہ بندی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Turkumlashtirish" title="Vikipediya:Turkumlashtirish – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vikipediya:Turkumlashtirish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juto:Categorie/Categorixasion" title="Juto:Categorie/Categorixasion – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Juto:Categorie/Categorixasion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i" title="Wikipedia:Thể loại – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wikipedia:Thể loại" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Wikipedia:分类 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Wikipedia:分类" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%B0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D6%BC%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2:%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="װיקיפּעדיע:קאטעגאריזאציע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="װיקיפּעדיע:קאטעגאריזאציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="Wikipedia:頁面分類 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikipedia:頁面分類" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="Wikipedia:分類 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Wikipedia:分類" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4167836#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li 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