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id="auteur"> <span>Author Definition</span> </h2> <div class="section__content"> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-apercu" class="definition-section-title">Definition</h3> <div class="crayon article-chapo-100332 apercu surlignable"><p>In the EU it is possible to bring an action before the General Court (the Judge of first instance) and ultimately, on points of law, before the Court of Justice, against a decision adopted by the European Commission (hereinafter, the “Commission”) in competition matters. In the US, although the decision about whether or not to take enforcement action is committed to agency discretion, the Antitrust Division of the US Department of Justice (hereinafter, the “DOJ”) is a law enforcement agency that has no adjudicative power of its own. Thus, in order to enforce the federal antitrust statutes under its purview, the DOJ, like a State or private enforcer, must file an action in a federal district court. In addition, courts review cases that the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”) decides through its internal adjudicative process.</p></div> </div> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-texte" class="definition-section-title">Commentary</h3> <div class="crayon article-texte-100332 texte surlignable"><p>The anticompetitive conduct is ascertained by the Commission, who can order the parties to end the infraction and impose penalties and remedies, while the European courts review the legality of the administrative decision. Under Article 265 TFUE, it is possible to bring an action against the Commission where, in infringement of the Treaty, it has failed to act. Under Article 263 TFUE, it is possible to bring an action to have various acts of the Commission annulled. Apart from Member States and the Council, Article 263(4) TFEU provides that any undertaking may challenge a decision addressed to it or to another person if it is of “direct and individual concern to it”. The Commission’s decision may be challenged on grounds of lack of competence, infringement of an essential procedural requirement, infringement of the Treaties or of any rule of law relating to their application, or misuse of powers. The review of legality is supplemented by the “unlimited jurisdiction” which Article 31 of Regulation 1/2003 vests in the EU Courts in accordance with Article 261 TFUE. “Unlimited jurisdiction” empowers the Courts, in addition to carrying out a mere review of lawfulness of the penalty, to substitute their own appraisal for that of the Commission and consequently to cancel, reduce or increase the fine or penalty payment imposed.</p> <p>It is useful to distinguish the “standard of proof” and the “standard of judicial review”. The standard of proof determines the degree of likelihood that must be established in relation to factual findings when the primary decision-maker makes its initial decision. It has to be distinguished from the standard of judicial review, which is the standard that courts must apply in deciding whether the primary decision-maker has met the standard of proof required. It is the latter that tells us how far the reviewing court should reassess findings of fact made by the primary decision-maker to decide whether the standard of proof for the initial decision has been attained or not. The case law on judicial review of fact reveals low-, high- and medium-intensity review.</p> <p>In the US system, the court is the arbiter of whether the law has been violated and, if so, it orders appropriate remedies. Regardless of whether a case is initiated by one of the federal enforcers, a State enforcer or a private citizen, the process is adversarial: the parties submit their evidence and arguments regarding the relevant facts to a judge (or a jury in criminal cases). Based on the parties’ submissions, the judge determines the ultimate facts and the court decides the case in accordance with the controlling law and precedent. Due process protection is provided to the defendant before liability can be imposed. In presence of a FTC Administrative process, the final decision of the FTC is directly appealable to any federal circuit court in whose jurisdictional region the defendant does business. The case then proceeds from that point along the same path as cases originally filed in the district courts. The appellate court reviews questions of law de novo, but generally will not alter the factual determinations found by the FTC that are supported by substantial evidence.</p> <p>In the context of competition, the approach initially followed by the Court of Justice was very careful as regards the scope and the intensity of its own review of the Commission’s decisions, as shown in the leading case Consten and Grundig. This jurisprudential line has been progressively replaced by a more intense scrutiny in competition cases (such as in the Intel case). Three main factors influenced this evolution. The first one was the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights concerning Article 6 of the Convention, that provides the guarantee of fair trial, which encompasses the provision of “full jurisdiction”, in the presence of an infringement of criminal nature. In the seminal ruling Engel, the Court of Human Rights stated that the criminal nature of the infringement is affirmed if the sanction is severe and has deterrence as function. This is the case of the sanction provided by competition law, as affirmed in another landmark decision, in the Menarini case. As a consequence, the judicial review of competition decisions should be extended to all the questions of facts and laws concerning the administrative decision. The second factor was the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union which, after the Treaty of Lisbon (2009), has the same legal value of the Treaties. Competition decisions should comply with the Charter and, in particular, with the presumption of innocence, the right to fair proceedings and the right to effective judicial remedy. Finally, there was the adoption of a “more economic approach” by the Commission in the 2000s, that involved a shift from a formal qualification of the conduct of undertakings to a more comprehensive analysis of the economic and legal context of the behaviour in question. As a consequence of all these factors, the judicial review in competition matters has become high-intensive.</p> <p>It is for the Commission to set out in a clear and unequivocal fashion its reasoning, to enable the persons concerned to ascertain the grounds for the measure and the competent Court to exercise its power of review. It is for the Applicant to identify the impugned elements of the contested decision, to formulate grounds of challenge in that regard and to adduce corresponding evidence showing that the reasons relied on by the Commission do not support to the requisite legal standard the conclusion endorsed in the contested act. The EU judicature not only establishes whether the evidence put forward by the Commission “is factually accurate, reliable and consistent, but must also determine whether that evidence contains all the relevant data that must be taken into consideration in appraising a complex situation and whether it is capable of substantiating the conclusions drawn from it” (Chalkor v. Commission). As concern the appeal before the Court of Justice, it is limited to points of law (Article 256 TFUE and Article 58 of its Statute). Assessment of the facts does not constitute a question of law submitted as such for review by the Court of Justice save where there have been distortion of the facts or evidence.</p> <p>The models of antitrust enforcement are quite different in the EU and in the US, but in both systems the role of courts is very relevant, due process is observed and the rights of private undertakings safeguarded. It is noteworthy that many competition cases decided by the EU Courts concern the respect of fundamental rights, including the right to privacy, the right to be heard, the duty to state reasons, the right to good administration and the duty of impartiality.</p> <p><i>The text expresses the personal opinion of the Author and in no way commits the institution to which he belongs.</i></p></div> </div> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-jurisprudence" class="definition-section-title">Case references</h3> <div class="crayon article-reference-100332 reference"><p><a href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/review/issues/no-1-2017/international/eu-antitrust-law-and-international-damages-actions-a-british-perspective">CJEU Case C-413/14P, Intel v. Commission, EU:C:2017:632</a></p> <p><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2012/case-comments/Fines-The-CJUE-dismisses-an-appeal" class="spip_in">CJEU, Case C-386/10, Chalkor v.Commission, EU:C:2011:815</a></p> <p><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2011/case-comments/Art-6-p-1-CEDH-The-European-Court" class="spip_in">ECHR, A. Menarini Diagnostics c. Italia, 43509/08, 27 september 2011</a></p> <p>ECHR, Engel v. Netherlands, 5100/71 5101/71 5102/71 5354/72 5370/72 (Plénière), 8 june 1976</p> <p><a href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/bulletin/news-issues/1966/the-eu-court-of-justice-decides-that-an-exclusive-distribution-agreement-in">CJEU Joined cases 56 and 58/64, Établissements Consten and Grunding-Verkaufs v. Commission, EU:C:1966:41</a></p></div> </div> <div class="definition-section"> <h3 id="part-biblio" class="definition-section-title">Bibliography</h3> <div class="crayon article-ps-100332 jurisprudence"><p><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2016/articles/discretion-and-judicial-review-in-eu-competition-law-a-technical-analysis-on" class="spip_in">G. GRYLLOS, <i>Discretion and judicial review in EU competition law: A technical analysis on sources of discretion, judicial review and implications for the litigants</i></a>.</p> <p><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2019/the-oecd-holds-a-roundtable-on-the-standard-of-review-by-courts-in-competition" class="spip_in">OECD, <i>The standard of review by courts in competition cases – Note by the United States</i>, 4 June 2019</a>.</p> <p>P. CRAIG., <i>EU Administrative Law</i>, third Edition, Oxford University Press, 2018.</p> <p>J. LUIS DA CRUZ VILAÇA, <i>The intensity of judicial review in complex economic matters – recent competition law judgements of the Court of Justice of the EU, in Journal of Antitrust Enforcement</i>, 2018, 6, 173 ss.</p> <p>J. JOURDAN, <i>Competition Law and Fundamental Rights, in Journal of European Competition Law and Practice</i>, 2018, 9, 666 ss.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"> <div class="miniplan miniplan_definition sticky-top" id="definition-index"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/judicial-review#part-apercu" data-target="#part-apercu">Definition</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/judicial-review#part-texte" data-target="#part-texte">Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/judicial-review#part-jurisprudence" data-target="#part-jurisprudence">Case references</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/judicial-review#part-biblio" data-target="#part-biblio">Bibliography</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2>Author</h2> <div class="auteurs"> <ul class="liste-items liste-items-well"> <li class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/authors/giovanni-pitruzzella-48650" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:50px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L100xH100/auton48650-d8e54.jpg?1711362682) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Giovanni Pitruzzella</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">Italian Constitutional Court (Rome)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">Italy</span> <span class="articles"><em>9</em> contributions</span> <span class="visites"><em>16482</em> visits</span> </div> </div></li> </ul> </div> <div class="well citation"> <h2>Quotation</h2> <article class="entry article article-dictionary hentry"> <span class="authors">Giovanni Pitruzzella, </span> <span class="entry-title">Judicial review</span><span class="rubrique"><span class="sep">, </span> Global Dictionary of Competition Law, Concurrences, Art. N° 89092</span> </article> </div> <div class="well stats"> <p><i class="picto picto-eye"></i> <b>Visits</b> <em class="number">2413</em></p> </div> </aside> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_author scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="institution"> <span>Institution Definition</span> </h2> <div class="section__content"> <div class="crayon article-texte-89092 texte surlignable"><p>All decisions and procedural conduct of the Commission are subject to review by the General Court and ultimately by the ECJ. <strong>© <a href="IMG/pdf/state_aid_procedures_-_european_commission.pdf?47379/1366c575ff05190f38e2c64c410389b446ba9d43b105be71c4635c4b6d90bd57" class="spip_in" type='application/pdf'>European Commission</a></strong></p></div> </div> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"></aside> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_references scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <section class="subsection subsection_jurisprudence related-section related-jurisprudence scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-jurisprudence"> <span id="references">Case Comments</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yX1QhKtuyjR6DNZaIxSo58BW+MzzMpqawyc+MOhvcOA35T4TWCuGzwO5REPs4gdKNmauF+3KiP2lD5kWYX030mkV4+mff1uBTmRtEZTv6vwUpiD8t38Ok7nwIapsnZBYi+wbt7ttvs11XlxphxfCs6IjJCSTLMJTLyh4T/JFcu3JFVML+YUsne1wgCINkuVomc1IF4VTp0hD54px9lGrfN5FQhJObxGc5nU1CwpT57bNJIIjRbjRG500xh+2w38pI0VTJ9iYQ/yxNjO8vR6/l2wCYzHR1jvplCsuXCGpFhSCnSYlDyegM/9plwrk6aRxHnNYuZrOqckwrvphSP2qJVrffY0AwNsppCwCw==' data-origin="//en/dictionary/judicial-review"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/wilmer-hale">Wilmer Hale</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2000/the-eu-court-of-justice-dismisses-an-appeal-by-the-german-postal-service-over" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice dismisses an appeal by the German postal service over mail interception practices targeting private remail operators <em>(Deutsche Post)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-22T16:08:27Z">22 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121939 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 11 May 2000, the Court of Justice dismissed an appeal brought by Deutsche Post AG (“Deutsche Post”) against the judgment of the Court of First Instance of 16 September 1998 which annulled the Commission’s decision rejecting a complaint brought by the International Express Carriers Conference (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/aleksandar-ivanovski-231184">Aleksandar Ivanovski</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-taxation/state-aid-taxation-an-overview-of-eu-and-national-case-law-121711" rel="bookmark">State aid & Taxation: An overview of EU and national case law</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-21T23:00:00Z">22 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121711 introduction entry-content"><p>Since the last Foreword on this matter, the European Union courts have moved the dial forward by expanding the application of State aid rules to corporate tax arrangements, signalling a shift in the legal landscape for enforcing EU (competition) law in relation to aggressive tax planning structures. This shift is most evident in recent CJEU judgments on Apple, which, when read together with Engie and Fiat, delineates the line where the European courts balance national tax sovereignty against EU law in corporate tax cases involving State aid. By examining the key arguments and implications of recent cases, this foreword takes stock of the current state of EU case law on tax and State aid, exploring how the Commission’s approach aligns with both legal precedent and policy imperatives. This analysis aims to elucidate the evolving role of the CJEU in this domain and underscore the broader regulatory implications for multinational corporations and Member States alike.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/european-court-of-justice">European Court of Justice</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-eu-court-of-justice-upholds-the-commission-s-decision-to-authorise-a" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice upholds the Commission’s decision to authorise a telecommunications acquisition and clarifies that strengthening a dominant position alone does not make it incompatible with the internal market <em>(Vodafone / Liberty Global)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-12T23:00:00Z">13 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121733 introduction entry-content"> <p>Merger control: the General Court upholds the Commission decision authorising Vodafone’s acquisition of Liberty Global’s telecommunications activities in Germany, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania* <br class='autobr' /> The Commission properly concluded that the merging parties were not competitors in the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/us-department-of-justice-antitrust-division">US Department of Justice Antitrust Division</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-us-doj-and-4-state-attorneys-general-sue-to-block-a-proposed-3-3b" rel="bookmark">The US DoJ and 4 State Attorneys General sue to block a proposed $3.3B acquisition in the home health and hospice services sector <em>(UnitedHealth / Amedisys)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-11T23:00:00Z">12 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121735 introduction entry-content"> <p>Justice Department Sues to Block UnitedHealth Group’s Acquisition of Home Health and Hospice Provider Amedisys* <br class='autobr' /> Transaction Threatens to Negatively Affect Care for Vulnerable Patients and Harm Home Health and Hospice Nurses Critical to Providing that Care <br class='autobr' /> The Justice Department, together (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jeffrey-martino">Jeffrey Martino</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ashley-eickhof">Ashley Eickhof</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/stephen-loertscher">Stephen Loertscher</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/byron-tuyay">Byron Tuyay</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-us-supreme-court-refuses-to-review-the-reversal-of-a-criminal-conviction" rel="bookmark">The US Supreme Court refuses to review the reversal of a criminal conviction for bid rigging by the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit potentially constraining the DoJ’s approach in dual distribution contexts <em>(Brewbaker)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-11T23:00:00Z">12 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121819 introduction entry-content"> <p>In brief <br class='autobr' /> This alert was initially published on December 21, 2023, and has been updated to reflect the Supreme Court’s denial of DOJ’s Petition for Writ of Certiorari on November 12, 2024. <br class='autobr' /> The U.S. Supreme Court has denied appeals from both parties from the December 1, 2023, decision of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jeronimo-maillo">Jerónimo Maillo</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/special-issues/cartel-settlements/cartel-settlements-an-overview-of-eu-and-national-case-law-120387" rel="bookmark">Cartel settlements: An overview of EU and national case law</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-07T23:00:00Z">8 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120387 introduction entry-content"><p>The fight against cartels is now one of the top priorities of all competition authorities in both developed and developing countries. In Europe, the fight against hard-core cartels prioritized public (administrative) enforcement, although private enforcement and antitrust damages claims have also been promoted in the latter years. Within public enforcement, new techniques have been launched in the last decades to foster effectiveness and deterrence. One of these innovations has been the EU cartel settlement procedure. Fifteen years have already passed since the settlement procedure was launched, a reasonable time to assess its results. Furthermore, some national jurisdictions have also introduced settlements procedures in national law (many mirroring to a larger or lesser extent the EU Model), a trend that also needs to be evaluated. These are the aims of this foreword: to form a good understanding of how settlement has worked and developed, to assess whether it has met its goals or deviate from them and to what an extent, to identify recent trends, to comprehend the relationships and interactions between leniency, settlements and damage in practice and to assess whether the possible risks have been materialized or kept under control. The foreword will try to assess developments of the whole aforementioned period, although it will focus more on recent trends of the last 3 years, since the last foreword was published in Concurrences.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/us-department-of-justice-antitrust-division">US Department of Justice Antitrust Division</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2024/the-us-court-of-appeals-for-the-first-circuit-affirms-the-blocking-of-2-major" rel="bookmark">The US Court of Appeals for the First Circuit affirms the blocking of 2 major airlines’ non-compete agreements in the Northeast <em>(American Airlines / JetBlue)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-07T23:00:00Z">8 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121702 introduction entry-content"> <p>U.S. Court of Appeals Affirms Justice Department’s Victory Protecting Airline Competition* <br class='autobr' /> The U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit today affirmed the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts’ ruling in favor of the Justice Department and the Attorneys General of six states (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/covid-19-the-court-of-justice-of-the-european-union-validates-the-examination" rel="bookmark"><strong>Covid-19</strong>: The Court of Justice of the European Union validates the examination of the recapitalisation of an airline by its public and private owners in proportion to their previous shareholdings, approving the Court of First Instance in authorising the Commission to dispense with certain requirements set out in the Temporary Framework adopted in the context of Covid-19 <em>(Ryanair)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-06T23:00:00Z">7 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121778 introduction entry-content"> <p>On November 7, 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union handed down its judgment in case C-588/22 (Ryanair DAC v. European Commission).. <br class='autobr' /> It dismisses the appeal lodged by Ryanair DAC against thejudgment delivered on June 22, 2022 in Case T-657/20 (Ryanair DAC v. European Commission).in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/general-court-of-the-european-union-101310">General Court of the European Union</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2024/the-eu-general-court-confirms-that-2-major-banks-participated-in-a-cartel-in" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court confirms that 2 major banks participated in a cartel in the sector for suprasovereign, sovereign, and public agency bonds <em>(Crédit Agricole / Crédit Suisse)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-05T23:00:00Z">6 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121485 introduction entry-content"> <p>The banks Crédit agricole and Credit Suisse participated in a cartel in the sector for suprasovereign bonds, sovereign bonds and public agency bonds denominated in US dollars (‘SSA Bonds’)* <br class='autobr' /> The General Court of the European Union confirms the Commission’s finding of an infringement and (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/general-court-of-the-european-union-101310">General Court of the European Union</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2024/the-eu-general-court-upholds-the-approval-of-eur2m-in-aid-granted-to-a-romanian" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court upholds the approval of €2M in aid granted to a Romanian airline determining it to be proportionate and distinct from prior rescue packages <em>(Wizz Air)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-05T23:00:00Z">6 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121487 introduction entry-content"> <p>That aid, amounting to almost €2 million, is compatible with the internal market <br class='autobr' /> On 3 February 2022, Romania notified the Commission of individual aid of almost €2 million, in the form of a capital injection, for the Romanian airline TAROM. The aid was financed from the general budget of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/compatible-aid-the-general-court-of-the-european-union-confirms-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Compatible aid</strong> : The General Court of the European Union confirms the compatibility of aid granted by Romania to a national airline to compensate for damage suffered as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, ruling out the possibility that overcompensation was paid <em>(Wizz Air)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-05T23:00:00Z">6 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121583 introduction entry-content"> <p>On November 6, 2024, the General Court of the European Union handed down a judgment in case T-827/22 (Wizz Air Hungary v. European Commission) (TAROM II; Covid-19)in which it dismissed Wizz Air’s appeal against the decision of April 29, 2022 in which the Commission concluded that the individual (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/exchange-of-information-the-general-court-of-the-european-union-upholds-the" rel="bookmark"><strong>Exchange of information</strong> : The General Court of the European Union upholds the fines for exchanges of information between bank traders with a view to obtaining a competitive advantage, confirming the existence of an infringement by object and validating the replacement, for the purposes of calculating the basic amount of the fine adopted by the Commission, of the turnover of the undertakings penalised by the notional amounts of the SSA obligations <em>(Crédit Agricole / Crédit Suisse)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-05T23:00:00Z">6 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121584 introduction entry-content"> <p>On November 6, 2024, the General Court of the European Union handed down its judgment in joined cases T-386/21 (Crédit Agricole and Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank v. European Commission) and T-406/21 (UBS Group and Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) v. European Commission).. <br class='autobr' /> It (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/compatibility-the-general-court-of-the-european-union-clarifies-the-scope-of" rel="bookmark"><strong>Compatibility</strong> : The General Court of the European Union clarifies the scope of the information that Member States must provide when notifying an aid measure to the Commission to enable it to carry out its examination and provides details on the relationship between the fundamental freedoms enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the Treaty rules on State aid <em>(République portugaise)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-05T23:00:00Z">6 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121777 introduction entry-content"> <p>On November 6, 2024, the General Court of the European Union handed down two judgments incase T-462/22 (Millennium BCP Participações e.a. v. European Commission) and in joint cases T-713/22 (Portumo and others v. European Commission) and T-720/22 (Nova Ship Invest v. European Commission)in which (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/marcus-pollard">Marcus Pollard</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/kathleen-gooi">Kathleen Gooi</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2023/the-hong-kong-competition-tribunal-hears-an-appeal-against-a-decision-by-the" rel="bookmark">The Hong Kong Competition Tribunal hears an appeal against a decision by the Competition Authority to refuse to grant leniency to a real estate company <em>(Midland Realty / WONG Ching Yi Angela / PO Siu Ming / LEE Chung Yin / CHEONG Tsz Chuen / MA Tai Yeung)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-30T16:42:34Z">30 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121375 introduction entry-content"> <p>Several real estate agencies – Midland Realty International Limited, Hong Kong Property Services (Agency) Limited and Midland Holdings Limited (collectively “Midland”) – initiated proceedings to judicially review the Hong Kong Competition Commission’s (“HKCC”) decision to refuse to grant Midland (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Finnish-Competition-and-Consumer-43771">Finnish Competition Authority</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2024/the-finnish-market-court-fines-a-dairy-company-eur600k-for-breaching-a" rel="bookmark">The Finnish Market Court fines a dairy company €600K for breaching a condition set for the approval of its acquisition of a food service wholesaler <em>(Valio)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-29T23:00:00Z">30 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121468 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Market Court imposed a penalty payment of 600,000 euros on Valio for breaching a condition set for the approval of the Heinon Tukku acquisition* <br class='autobr' /> In its decision of 30 October 2024, the Market Court imposed a penalty payment of 600,000 euros on Valio. The Market Court agreed with the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><a id='pagination_articles_related' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/judicial-review?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection subsection_articles related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-articles"> <span>Articles</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXvRhKtpyjRgDOl8wKxZrFZg3D0ycxqfg6EkYMoB0xO0O6LuutxDdmzgnQtzWBzOSDbchRNxbmdmfN1CCUNiSlaW/f/vfJTqiLd53JLFR4+C9s/UctDXvjHmgW4O4MXXnX6rm1JylilAb8KbOCSWzvODrFHXrxvBZolcNMO5x4wjFXfG+sRHjGmFpkt8eDpIHoPTSdvhzXBvBLJYf5U4B2s+9V9VFAYwvOo0RSZO80f1QJtIajYbm7PBHvHwoFvCqfl2WAgnjD0TC+nITaAYo/8eF6MozEudNic9jsdMG5T5zONeHVOr5C6n3g53TAieDbJc5k+qpHC9dg6hg2CWegLQi8=' data-origin="//en/dictionary/judicial-review"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/emmanuel-coulon">Emmanuel Coulon</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2024/legal-practice/new-article-no121004" rel="bookmark">Summer 2024 reforms: A radical overhaul of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the EU and the rules of procedure of the Court of Justice and the General Court</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-18T13:04:17Z">18 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121004 introduction entry-content"> <p>The activation of the General Court’s jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings and the extension of the mechanism for determining whether an appeal is allowed to proceed, provided for by Regulation 2024/2019 of the European Parliament and of the Council, constitute a pivotal stage in the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pascale-dechamps">Pascale Déchamps</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/legal-practice/how-to-calculate-interest-when-assessing-damages" rel="bookmark">How to calculate interest when assessing damages?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119752 introduction entry-content"> <p>Interest may represent a significant part of the total award in antitrust damages cases. In a recent French case (Digicel), interest represented a significant portion of the total award, estimated at dozens of million euros. Historically, cases where interest computation issues arose dealt with (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/wouter-wils">Wouter Wils</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/articles/the-european-commission-s-cartel-settlement-procedure-an-assessment-after" rel="bookmark">The European Commission’s cartel settlement procedure: An assessment after fifteen years</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119526 introduction entry-content"> <p>With effect on 1 July 2008, the European Commission established a cartel settlement procedure. It was stated at the time that this was done “in order to handle faster and more efficiently cartel cases.” Additionally, it was expected that the settlement procedure “could reduce litigation before (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ulf-oberg">Ulf Öberg</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/foreword/a-general-court-in-name-only-119191" rel="bookmark">A <em>‘General’</em> Court in Name Only?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119191 introduction entry-content"> <p>The recent reform of Protocol No. 3 of the Statute of the Court of Justice has renewed the debate on specialization at the General Court. <br class='autobr' /> The purpose and the raison d’être of the General Court are defined in the Council Decision establishing a Court of First Instance (Council Decision (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/rafael-amaro">Rafael Amaro</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/articles/the-temporal-applicability-of-the-damages-directive-a-cautious-attempt-at" rel="bookmark">The temporal applicability of the Damages Directive: A cautious attempt at synthesis</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118561 introduction entry-content"> <p>The ratione temporis application of the ‘Damages’ Directive has presented recurring challenges for national courts, as evidenced by the Court of Justice issuing eight preliminary rulings on this matter. 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Central to these cases was (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/sarah-wilks">Sarah Wilks</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/daniel-vowden">Daniel Vowden</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/aleksander-larski">Aleksander Larski</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2024/international/uk-home-sweet-home-cma-granted-domestic-search-warrant-on-appeal-by-english" rel="bookmark">UK: Home sweet home ? 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A first pattern corresponds to an adaptation that seems to be driven from within the EU, and (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurent-benzoni-16241">Laurent Benzoni</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2023/foreword/to-appeal-or-not-to-appeal-a-perspective-on-the-economic-analysis-of-law" rel="bookmark">To appeal or not to appeal? 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The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/muriel-chagny">Muriel Chagny</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2023/foreword/legislating-for-twice-more-attractiveness-113602" rel="bookmark">Legislating for (two times) more attractiveness?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113602 introduction entry-content"> <p>On the face of it, the question seems to call for a resolutely negative response in a country where legislative inflation is frequently and rightly denounced, and where the emblematic illustration of French law on restrictive practices grappling with ephemeral laws leads us to call, more than (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/mariya-serafimova">Mariya Serafimova</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2023/legal-practice/private-antitrust-enforcement-the-impact-of-the-disclosure-of-evidence-in" rel="bookmark">Private antitrust enforcement: The impact of the disclosure of evidence in proceedings on the quantification of harm</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112247 introduction entry-content"> <p>Almost a decade after the adoption of the EU Damages Directive, private enforcement of competition law in Europe has grown to become an important element of the enforcement of the EU competition rules. It has experienced a number of essential clarifications in case law over the past years, yet (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/christian-bovet">Christian Bovet</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2023/foreword/ecj-discourse-on-method" rel="bookmark">ECJ: Discourse on Method</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112117 introduction entry-content"> <p>ECJ judgment in case C-883/19 P HSBC Holdings offers an opportunity to reflect on the role of courts in what philosophers call the “creation of law.” While supporting the function of jurisdictions to favour the evolution of jurisprudence to adapt law to economic developments and theories, one (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/judicial-review?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-events"> <span>Events</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXlRhW9uynRg789AxlPFFeyeQ4sVe7qksWX2cEEY1LRRzhXRUImGwEoY+Zk3JXx7Y2cZpN5Knvd1a9okREE80RyCjJQYxssKMLLUzLDZiOeuLrFDH3VHC04qomo9zaV4Ho+CFSychmCkvn8Rt33EO0P/qA7lUb13mC+QZ/jDvoVZ8ffEEB6iG6123WRRLWOShANjXR8LT7rSgBAGZ4gpRiUTcEyxl25igD6Cc8bFnPVyWWWbwcQx9mh01+HMySZB8WKWz14AXLUofIR5UYgyjwjKgOhrHBNZvFQ0dHuN1t3L25O3FhVM7E3I5KfrYTLrOW64AhmSarRQ4WE1eTBlpAiYF78EgnV' data-origin="//en/dictionary/judicial-review"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/stephanie-fougou">Stéphanie Fougou</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/martin-d-halluin">Martin d’Halluin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacques-buhart">Jacques Buhart</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/clara-ingen-housz">Clara Ingen-Housz</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/anthony-w-mariano">Anthony W. Mariano</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/javier-ramirez">Javier Ramirez Iglesias</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/legal-privilege-in-the-eu-the-us-what-s-new" rel="bookmark">Legal Privilege in the EU & the US: What’s new?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-09-16T15:30:00Z">16 September 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101904 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar organised by Concurrences, in partnership with McDermott Will & Emery, with <a href="en/authors/jacques-buhart" class="spip_in">Jacques Buhart</a> (Partner, McDermott Will & Emery), <a href="en/authors/martin-d-halluin" class="spip_in">Martin D’Halluin</a> (SVP, Global Competition Law & Policy Counsel, News Corp), <a href="en/auteurs/stephanie-fougou" class="spip_in">Stéphanie Fougou</a> (Secretary-General, Ingenico), <a href="en/authors/clara-ingen-housz" class="spip_in">Clara Ingen-Housz</a> (Chief Ethics & Compliance Officer, Group Legal Counsel (Antitrust, Anticorruption, Economic sanctions), Saint-Gobain), <a href="en/auteurs/anthony-w-mariano" class="spip_in">Anthony Mariano</a> (Trial Attorney, Washington Criminal II Section, Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice) and <a href="en/auteurs/javier-ramirez" class="spip_in">Javier Ramírez Iglesias</a> (Chair of Advocacy, Association of Corporate Counsel Europe).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/frank-hogue">Frank Hogue</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/knut-fournier">Knut Fournier</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/godfrey-lam">Godfrey Lam</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/antitrust-in-asia-3-how-to-coordinate-cases-across-the-asian-region" rel="bookmark">Antitrust in Asia #3 How to Coordinate Cases Across the Asian region?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-09-15T08:30:00Z">15 September 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100359 introduction entry-content"><p>3rd Webinar of the 7th annual « Antitrust in Asia » Conference organised by Concurrences, in partnership with White & Case, with <a href="en/auteurs/frank-hogue" class="spip_in">Frank Hogue</a> (Partner, White & Case, Washington DC), <a href="en/authors/godfrey-lam" class="spip_in">Godfrey Lam</a> (Former President, Hong Kong Competition Tribunal, Hong Kong | Justice of Appeal of the Court of Appeal, Hong Kong) and <a href="en/authors/knut-fournier" class="spip_in">Knut Fournier</a> (APAC Regional Counsel, StubHub, Hong Kong).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/timothy-lamb">Timothy Lamb</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/martin-peitz">Martin Peitz</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pierre-regibeau">Pierre Régibeau</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/deni-mantzari">Deni Mantzari</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/peter-freeman">Peter Freeman</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/christopher-vajda-qc">Christopher Vajda</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/Jorge-Padilla">Jorge Padilla</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/aleksandra-boutin">Aleksandra Boutin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/anna-tzanaki">Anna Tzanaki</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/international-mergers-conference-4-challenges-for-mergers-in-the-digital" rel="bookmark">International Mergers Conference #4 Challenges for mergers in the digital economy & Closing discussion</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-05-20T13:00:00Z">20 May 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99058 introduction entry-content"><p>4th Webinar of the 2nd « International Mergers Conference » organised by Concurrences and University College London, in partnership with Compass Lexecon, Positive Competition and Facebook. Panel with <a href="en/auteurs/aleksandra-boutin" class="spip_in">Aleksandra Boutin</a> (Founding Partner, Positive Competition), <a href="en/authors/timothy-lamb" class="spip_in">Timothy Lamb</a> (Director - Competition & Regulatory, Facebook), <a href="en/authors/deni-mantzari" class="spip_in">Deni Mantzari</a> (Associate Professor, Acting Director - CLES, University College London) and <a href="en/auteurs/martin-peitz" class="spip_in">Martin Peitz</a> (Professor, University of Mannheim), <a href="en/authors/pierre-regibeau" class="spip_in">Pierre Regibeau</a> (Chief Economist, DG COMP). Closing discussion with <a href="en/authors/peter-freeman" class="spip_in">Peter Freeman CBE QC</a> (Chairman, UK Competition Appeal Tribunal, London), <a href="en/Jorge-Padilla" class="spip_in">Jorge Padilla</a> (Head of Compass Lexecon EMEA) and <a href="en/auteurs/christopher-vajda-qc" class="spip_in">Christopher Vajda QC</a> (Former, Court of Justice of the EU - Visiting professor, King’s College London).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/fabrizio-di-benedetto-55072">Fabrizio Di Benedetto</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/cani-fernandez">Cani Fernández</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/birthe-panhans">Birthe Panhans</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/barbara-veronese">Barbara Veronese</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nicholas-levy">Nicholas Levy</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/international-mergers-conference-2-the-counterfactual-scenario-in-times-of" rel="bookmark">International Mergers Conference #2 The counterfactual scenario in times of crisis</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-05-17T11:00:00Z">17 May 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99054 introduction entry-content"><p>2nd Webinar of the 2nd « International Mergers Conference » organised by Concurrences and University College London, in partnership with Cleary Gottlieb, Intesa Sanpaolo and Oxera, with <a href="en/authors/fabrizio-di-benedetto-55072" class="spip_in">Fabrizio Di Benedetto</a> (Team Coordinator - Antitrust Affairs, Intesa Sanpaolo), <a href="en/authors/cani-fernandez" class="spip_in">Cani Fernandez</a> (President, Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia), <a href="en/authors/frederic-jenny" class="spip_in">Frédéric Jenny</a> (Chairman, OECD Competition | Professor, ESSEC), <a href="en/authors/nicholas-levy" class="spip_in">Nicholas Levy</a> (Partner, Cleary Gottlieb), <a href="en/auteurs/birthe-panhans" class="spip_in">Birthe Panhans</a> (Deputy Head of Unit - Mergers case support and policy, DG COMP) and <a href="spip.php?page=auteur&id_auteur=99732">Barbara Veronese</a> (Partner, Oxera).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/elizabeth-kraus">Elizabeth Kraus</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacques-buhart">Jacques Buhart</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/martin-d-halluin">Martin d’Halluin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/javier-ramirez">Javier Ramirez Iglesias</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/legal-privilege-and-antitrust-in-the-eu-and-the-us-what-s-new-under-the-sky" rel="bookmark">Legal privilege and antitrust in the EU and the US : What’s new under the sky ?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-11-27T14:30:00Z">27 November 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-96858 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar organised by Concurrences, in partnership with McDermott Will & Emery, with <a href="en/authors/jacques-buhart" class="spip_in">Jacques Buhart</a> (Partner, McDermott Will & Emery), <a href="en/authors/elizabeth-kraus" class="spip_in">Elizabeth Kraus</a> (Deputy Director for International Antitrust, US FTC), <a href="en/authors/martin-d-halluin" class="spip_in">Martin D’Halluin</a> (Senior Vice President, Global Competition Law & Policy Counsel, News Corp), <a href="en/auteurs/javier-ramirez" class="spip_in">Javier Ramírez Iglesias</a> (Chair of Advocacy, Association of Corporate Counsel Europe) and <a href="en/authors/annemarie-ter-heegde" class="spip_in">Annemarie Ter Heegde</a> (Case Handler - Antitrust case support and policy, DG COMP).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/peter-roth">Peter Roth</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bill-batchelor">Bill Batchelor</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ingrid-vandenborre">Ingrid Vandenborre</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/aurora-luoma-112785">Aurora Luoma</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bruce-macaulay">Bruce Macaulay</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/helen-jenkins">Helen Jenkins</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/uk-competition-antitrust-litigation-97932" rel="bookmark">UK Competition & Antitrust Litigation</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-12-14T16:30:00Z">14 December 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-97932 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar of the "Law & Economics" Series organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Skadden and Oxera, with <a href="en/authors/peter-roth" class="spip_in">Sir Peter Roth</a> (President, Competition Appeal Tribunal), <a href="en/authors/bill-batchelor" class="spip_in">Bill Batchelor</a> (Partner - Antitrust/Competition, Skadden), <a href="en/authors/helen-jenkins" class="spip_in">Helen Jenkins</a> (Managing Partner, Oxera), <a href="en/authors/aurora-luoma-112785" class="spip_in">Aurora Luoma</a> (Counsel - Antitrust/Competition, Skadden), <a href="en/authors/bruce-macaulay" class="spip_in">Bruce Macaulay</a> (Partner - International Litigation and Arbitration, Skadden) and <a href="en/authors/ingrid-vandenborre" class="spip_in">Ingrid Vandenborre</a> (Partner - Antitrust/Competition, Skadden).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/aurelien-hamelle">Aurelien Hamelle</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/laure-lavorel">Laure Lavorel</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacques-buhart">Jacques Buhart</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/thibault-delorme">Thibault Delorme</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/legal-privilege-and-competition-law-what-s-new" rel="bookmark">Legal privilege and competition law: What’s new ?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-11-02T14:30:00Z">2 November 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-96919 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar organised by Concurrences, in partnership with McDermott Will & Emery, with <a href="en/authors/jacques-buhart" class="spip_in">Jacques Buhart</a> (Partner, McDermott Will & Emery), <a href="en/auteurs/thibault-delorme" class="spip_in">Thibault Delorme</a> (General Counsel, Air Liquide), <a href="en/auteurs/aurelien-hamelle" class="spip_in">Aurélien Hamelle</a> (General Counsel, Total) and <a href="en/auteurs/laure-lavorel" class="spip_in">Laure Lavorel</a> (President, Cercle Montesquieu).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/tom-smith">Tom Smith</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-depoortere">Frederic Depoortere</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/guillaume-loriot">Guillaume Loriot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/lorenzo-coppi">Lorenzo Coppi</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/giorgio-motta">Giorgio Motta</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/the-future-of-eu-and-uk-merger-control-enforcement" rel="bookmark">The future of EU and UK merger control enforcement</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-09-17T14:00:00Z">17 September 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-93605 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar of the "Law & Economics" Series organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Compass Lexecon and Skadden, with <a href="en/authors/guillaume-loriot" class="spip_in">Guillaume Loriot</a> (Director - Markets and cases II: Information, Communication and Media, DG COMP), <a href="en/auteurs/tom-smith" class="spip_in">Tom Smith</a> (Legal Director, Competition and Markets Authority), <a href="en/authors/lorenzo-coppi" class="spip_in">Lorenzo Coppi</a> (Executive Vice President, Compass Lexecon), <a href="en/authors/frederic-depoortere" class="spip_in">Frederic Depoortere</a> (Partner, Skadden), and <a href="en/authors/giorgio-motta" class="spip_in">Giorgio Motta</a> (Partner, Skadden).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/mark-powell">Mark Powell</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nicholas-forwood">Nicholas Forwood</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/katarzyna-czapracka">Katarzyna Czapracka</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Thilo-Klein">Thilo Klein</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/the-general-court-s-ck-telecoms-ruling-is-three-the-new-magic-number-towards-a" rel="bookmark">The General Court’s CK Telecoms ruling: Is Three the New Magic Number? Towards a re-assessment of unilateral effects in merger review</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-07-01T12:00:00Z">1 July 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-95438 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar of the "Law & Economics" Series organised by Concurrences, in partnership with White & Case and Compass Lexecon, with <a href="en/authors/nicholas-forwood" class="spip_in">Sir Nicholas Forwood QC</a> (Counsel, White & Case - Former Judge, Court of Justice of the European Union, General Court), <a href="en/authors/katarzyna-czapracka" class="spip_in">Katarzyna Czapracka</a> (Partner, White & Case), <a href="en/auteur/Thilo-Klein" class="spip_in">Thilo Klein</a> (Executive Vice President, Compass Lexecon) and <a href="en/authors/mark-powell" class="spip_in">Mark Powell</a> (Partner, White & Case).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurent-flochel">Laurent Flochel</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/melanie-thill-tayara">Mélanie Thill-Tayara</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/svend-albaek">Svend Albæk</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/luis-campos">Luis Campos</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/etienne-chantrel">Étienne Chantrel</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/francois-garnier">François Garnier</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/elizabeth-kraus">Elizabeth Kraus</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/mike-cowie">Mike Cowie</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/clemens-york-von-wartenburg">Clemens York von Wartenburg</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/hanna-anttilainen">Hanna Anttilainen</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/eugene-buttigieg">Eugène Buttigieg</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/stephane-hoynck">Stéphane Hoynck</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/greg-mccurdy">Greg McCurdy</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/john-mcinnes">John McInnes</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-bary">Laurence Bary</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/hans-jurgen-meyer-lindemann">Hans-Jurgen Meyer-Lindemann</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pascal-belmin">Pascal Belmin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/susan-hinchliffe">Susan Hinchliffe</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/clara-ingen-housz">Clara Ingen-Housz</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/carol-xueref">Carol Xueref</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michael-l-weiner">Michael L. Weiner</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jonathan-faull">Jonathan Faull</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alec-j-burnside">Alec J. Burnside</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/7th-global-merger-control-conference" rel="bookmark">7th Global Merger Control Conference</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-12-06T07:00:00Z">6 December 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90826 introduction entry-content"><p>This 7th edition of the Global Merger Control half-day conference was organised by Concurrences and Dechert, in partnership with CRA International and Frontier Economics.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/aigline-deginestous-cabinets-finances-gouv-fr">Agnès Pannier-Runacher</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/isabelle-de-silva">Isabelle De Silva</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/cecilio-madero-villarejo">Cecilio Madero Villarejo</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/simon-j-evenett">Simon J. Evenett</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/christopher-bellamy-qc">Christopher Bellamy KC</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bernard-amory">Bernard Amory</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/Jorge-Padilla">Jorge Padilla</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ian-forrester">Ian Forrester</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/wouter-wils">Wouter Wils</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alvaro-ramos">Alvaro Ramos</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/emmanuel-frot">Emmanuel Frot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/melanie-thill-tayara">Mélanie Thill-Tayara</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/virginie-beaumeunier">Virginie Beaumeunier</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/paul-csiszar">Paul Csiszar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/richard-panquiault">Richard Panquiault</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/benoit-durand">Benoît Durand</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurent-godfroid">Laurent Godfroid</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/daniel-fasquelle">Daniel Fasquelle</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sebastien-soriano">Sebastien Soriano</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/christian-d-cunha">Christian D’Cunha</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/thomas-kramler">Thomas Kramler</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/arno-rasek">Arno Rasek</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/cristina-caffarra">Cristina Caffarra</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/veronica-pinotti">Veronica Pinotti</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nicolas-petit">Nicolas Petit</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/godefroy-de-moncuit-de-boiscuille">Godefroy de Boiscuillé</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/new-frontiers-of-antitrust-2019" rel="bookmark">New Frontiers of Antitrust 2019</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-06-14T06:30:00Z">14 June 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89550 introduction entry-content"><p>Annual Concurrences Paris conference organised at the Ministry for the Economy and Finance with the support of Analysis Group, Compass Lexecon, CRA International, Dechert, Gide Loyrette Nouel, Jones Day, Qualcomm, RBB Economics, White & Case (Panel Sponsors), Cleary Gottlieb, ELIG Gürkaynak Attorneys-at-Law, Orrick (Social Event Sponsors), and MLex, PaRR (Media Sponsors).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/cecilio-madero-villarejo">Cecilio Madero Villarejo</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacques-steenbergen">Jacques Steenbergen</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/andreas-mundt">Andreas Mundt</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/marc-van-der-woude">Marc van der Woude</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/cristina-caffarra">Cristina Caffarra</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frank-montag">Frank Montag</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/concurrences-15-year-anniversary-which-competition-policy-for-2019-2024-90216" rel="bookmark">Concurrences 15-year Anniversary: Which competition policy for 2019-2024?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-07-11T16:00:00Z">11 July 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-90216 introduction entry-content"><p>Roundtable discussion and reception at the BELvue Museum at the occasion of Concurrences’ 15 year-anniversary, organised in partnership with Freshfields and CRA.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/luis-cabral">Luis Cabral</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/lawrence-j-white">Lawrence J. White</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/noah-joshua-phillips">Noah Joshua Phillips</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/roger-noll">Roger Noll</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/andrew-zimbalist">Andrew Zimbalist</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/brad-humphreys">Brad Humphreys</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/rodfort-umich-edu">Rodney Fort</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michael-d-hausfeld">Michael D. Hausfeld</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/james-a-keyte">James A. Keyte</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/gail-levine">Gail Levine</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/timothy-j-brennan">Timothy Brennan</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/grosston-stanford-edu">Gregory Rosston</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/dennis-w-carlton">Dennis W. Carlton</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/john-d-harkrider">John D. Harkrider</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/cristina-caffarra">Cristina Caffarra</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/kseim-wharton-upenn-edu">Katja Seim</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/paul-csiszar">Paul Csiszar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/david-gilo">David Gilo</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/george-a-rozanski">George A. Rozanski</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ingrid-vandenborre">Ingrid Vandenborre</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jack-e-pace">Jack Pace</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/robert-willig">Robert Willig</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/samantha-knox">Samantha Knox</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/martin-d-halluin">Martin d’Halluin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/david-higbee-23044">David Higbee</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/boris-bershteyn">Boris Bershteyn</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/harry-first">Harry First</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/hal-varian">Hal Varian</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/the-global-antitrust-economics-conference" rel="bookmark">The Global Antitrust Economics Conference</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-05-31T06:30:00Z">31 May 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-89382 introduction entry-content"><p>Annual Concurrences conference at NYU Stern School of Business with the support of Axinn, Bates White, CRA, Hausfeld, Qualcomm, Shearman & Sterling, Skadden, White & Case (Panel Sponsors) and MLex (Media Sponsor).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alex-okuliar">Alexander Paul Okuliar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alvaro-ramos">Alvaro Ramos</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/barry-lynn">Barry Lynn</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/christopher-yoo">Christopher Yoo</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/cristina-caffarra">Cristina Caffarra</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/douglas-h-ginsburg">Douglas H. Ginsburg</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/einer-r-elhauge">Einer R. Elhauge</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/gail-levine">Gail Levine</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/george-paul">George Paul</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/ian-r-conner">Ian R. Conner</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/john-deq-briggs">John de Briggs</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/mark-a-israel-48078">Mark A. Israel</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/maureen-ohlhausen">Maureen Ohlhausen</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michael-baylson">Michael Baylson</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/peter-davis">Peter Davis</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/rebecca-slaughter">Rebecca Slaughter</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/william-e-kovacic">William E. Kovacic</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/6th-bill-kovacic-antitrust-salon-where-is-antitrust-policy-going-87450" rel="bookmark">6th Bill Kovacic Antitrust Salon: Where is Antitrust Policy Going?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-09-24T10:00:00Z">24 September 2018</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-87450 introduction entry-content"><p>Annual Concurrences & George Washington University conference, with the support of Axinn, CRA, Compass Lexecon, Cornerstone Research, Orrick, Qualcomm, White & Case and MLex.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nathalie-jalabert-doury">Nathalie Jalabert-Doury</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/virginie-beaumeunier">Virginie Beaumeunier</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/protecting-trade-secrets-after-the-filmm-decision" rel="bookmark">Protecting trade secrets after the "Filmm" decision</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-11-18T11:00:00Z">18 November 2014</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82906 introduction entry-content"><p>Workshop organized by Concurrences with Mayer Brown.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/judicial-review?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection subsections_books related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-books"> <span>Books</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXTRhW9u6jRg7ds/gs0E9Oyud48aD9xLLBzHMoRDLhcvybASSmMCa3m9RKy4U+VsI9qloUVBGTdSq6oGtIGRGkfG2Xttq6zYEFxSp5FDYKWCLute+6LPg9PA2ky5kttDJq7fvaPqgeqMLDVsVY5EQZrrtVASdQxdb06z6SZRo4pSL0ESZpZ+jwIkAWq7YqdpmGw0BMzLnXs31G2C9I+6ietHtF2kD7DmAFZCk+COoxIo5J4CXtUE7KkX1ceTFDZ9So/R6wyKvsfbG1ho1sGecAT+M2boSZV1DxcysmSyGWgVO8H9YMWjbgWFyC+2n6E0HY+577cWKckQquvZBDbS9Qe3HDBM7Y=' data-origin="//en/dictionary/judicial-review"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nathalie-jalabert-doury">Nathalie Jalabert-Doury</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/all-books/competition-inspections-in-25-jurisdictions-2nd-edition" rel="bookmark">Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions 2nd Edition</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-18T23:00:00Z">19 March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117572 introduction entry-content"> <p>In this second edition of the acclaimed “Competition Inspections in 21 Jurisdictions”, Nathalie Jalabert-Doury brings together distinguished practitioners from around the world to provide an in-depth analysis of the legal and practical aspects of competition inspections across 25 major (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/douglas-h-ginsburg">Douglas H. Ginsburg</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/tim-eicke">Tim Eicke</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/all-books/judicial-review-of-competition-cases" rel="bookmark">Judicial Review of Competition Cases </a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-04-18T22:00:00Z">19 April 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112105 introduction entry-content"> <p>This multi-jurisdictional guide explores the framework and practice in relation to judicial review of competition cases across leading jurisdictions. 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Jalabert-Doury 239 Introduction The primary basis for Dutch competition law is the Dutch Competition Act (Mededingingswet or Mw). The Mw closely follows EU competition law, and it (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/mehdi-m-bennani">Mehdi M. Bennani</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/competition-inspections-in-25-jurisdictions-2nd-edition-a-practitioner-s-guide#id=122729" rel="bookmark">Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions 2nd Edition - A Practitioner’s Guide <small>Morocco</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-18T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">19 </span><span class="m">Mar</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">MOROCCO Mehdi Bennani Bennani & Associés Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions – N. Jalabert-Doury 223 Introduction In the Kingdom of Morocco, the Moroccan Competition Council (the “Council”) is the independent institution responsible for organising free and fair competition, ensuring (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/aleksander-larski">Aleksander Larski</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/daniel-vowden">Daniel Vowden</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/sarah-wilks">Sarah Wilks</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/competition-inspections-in-25-jurisdictions-2nd-edition-a-practitioner-s-guide#id=122717" rel="bookmark">Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions 2nd Edition - A Practitioner’s Guide <small>United Kingdom</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-18T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">19 </span><span class="m">Mar</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">UNITED KINGDOM Daniel Vowden, Sarah Wilks, and Aleksander Larski Mayer Brown Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions – N. Jalabert-Doury 419 Introduction Competition law enforcement in the United Kingdom rests primarily with the Competition and Markets Authority (“CMA”). There are also a (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/kelly-kramer">Kelly Kramer</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/william-h-stallings">William Stallings</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/competition-inspections-in-25-jurisdictions-2nd-edition-a-practitioner-s-guide#id=122716" rel="bookmark">Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions 2nd Edition - A Practitioner’s Guide <small>United States</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-18T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">19 </span><span class="m">Mar</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">UNITED STATES Kelly Kramer and Bill Stallings Mayer Brown Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions – N. Jalabert-Doury 443 Introduction The United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the United States Federal Trade Commission, and state enforcement authorities – typically, state attorneys (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/camille-hoogterp">Camille Hoogterp</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/competition-inspections-in-25-jurisdictions-2nd-edition-a-practitioner-s-guide#id=122736" rel="bookmark">Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions 2nd Edition - A Practitioner’s Guide <small>France</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-18T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">19 </span><span class="m">Mar</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">FRANCE Nathalie Jalabert-Doury and Camille Hoogterp* Mayer Brown * Based on Nathalie Jalabert-Doury, Les inspections de concurrence des autorités françaises (Concurrences 2021). Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions – N. Jalabert-Doury 97 Introduction In France, the enforcement of (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/camille-hoogterp">Camille Hoogterp</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/competition-inspections-in-25-jurisdictions-2nd-edition-a-practitioner-s-guide#id=122737" rel="bookmark">Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions 2nd Edition - A Practitioner’s Guide <small>European Union</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-18T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">19 </span><span class="m">Mar</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">EUROPEAN UNION Nathalie Jalabert-Doury and Camille Hoogterp * Mayer Brown * Based on Nathalie Jalabert-Doury, Competition Inspections under EU Law (Concurrences 2020). Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions – N. Jalabert-Doury 79 Introduction The enforcement of EU competition rules notably (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/rita-gregorio">Rita Aleixo Gregório</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/competition-inspections-in-25-jurisdictions-2nd-edition-a-practitioner-s-guide#id=122726" rel="bookmark">Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions 2nd Edition - A Practitioner’s Guide <small>Portugal</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-18T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">19 </span><span class="m">Mar</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">PORTUGAL Rita Aleixo Gregório PLMJ Advogados Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions – N. Jalabert-Doury 275 Introduction The Portuguese Competition Authority (PCA) is the independent authority responsible in Portugal for the public enforcement of both national competition rules and Articles (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/camille-hoogterp">Camille Hoogterp</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/competition-inspections-in-25-jurisdictions-2nd-edition-a-practitioner-s-guide#id=122727" rel="bookmark">Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions 2nd Edition - A Practitioner’s Guide <small>New Caledonia</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-18T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">19 </span><span class="m">Mar</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">NEW CALEDONIA Nathalie Jalabert-Doury and Camille Hoogterp Mayer Brown Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions – N. Jalabert-Doury 257 Introduction In New Caledonia, the enforcement of competition rules notably relies on the Autorité de la concurrence de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (ACNC), which (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/chang-young-cho">Chang-Young Cho</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/jun-young-park">Joo Young Park</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/joun-ho-philippe-shin">Joun-Ho Philippe Shin</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/competition-inspections-in-25-jurisdictions-2nd-edition-a-practitioner-s-guide#id=122730" rel="bookmark">Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions 2nd Edition - A Practitioner’s Guide <small>Korea</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-18T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">19 </span><span class="m">Mar</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">KOREA Joun-Ho Philippe Shin, Chang-Young Cho and Jun Young Park Shin & Kim Competition Inspections in 25 Jurisdictions – N. Jalabert-Doury 203 Introduction The basic law governing competition issues in Korea is the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (the “MRFTA”), and the Korea Fair Trade (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class="pagination more"><a id='pagination_chapitres' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/judicial-review?debut_chapitres=15#pagination_chapitres' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"> <div class="miniplan miniplan_related sticky-top" id="related-index"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/judicial-review#related-jurisprudence" data-target="#related-jurisprudence">Case Comments</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/judicial-review#related-articles" data-target="#related-articles">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/judicial-review#related-events" data-target="#related-events">Events</a></li> <li><a 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href="//en/dictionary/judicial-review#v" data-anchor="#v">v</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/judicial-review#w" data-anchor="#w">w</a> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="a"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">a</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/absolute-territorial-protection">Absolute territorial protection </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en">Abuse of dominant position</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-economic-dependence">Abuse of economic dependence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/access-to-the-file-en">Access to the file</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/actual-competitor">Actual competitor </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/administered-prices">Administered prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/advisory-committee-118302">Advisory committee</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agent-en">Agent</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agreement-notion-en">Agreement (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ai-collusion-algorithm">AI Collusion (Algorithm)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/AKZO-Procedure">AKZO Procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/amicus-curiae">Amicus curiae</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ancillary-restraints">Ancillary restraints </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/annulment">Annulment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-market-distortions">Anticompetitive Market Distortions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-object-or-effect-en">Anticompetitive object or effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-practices">Anticompetitive practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Antitrust">Antitrust</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/applicable-law">Applicable law</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/arbitration">Arbitration</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/article-11-letter">Article 11 letter </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/aec-as-efficient-competitor-principle-and-test">As-Efficient Competitor (AEC)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="b"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">b</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/barriers-to-entry-en">Barriers to entry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bertrand-nash-equilibrium">Bertrand (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bid-rigging">Bid rigging</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/block-exemption-regulation">Block exemption (Regulation) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/boycott">Boycott</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/brand-competition-en">Brand competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bundling">Bundling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/burden-of-proof">Burden of proof</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/buyer-power">Buyer power </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="c"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">c</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/cartel">Cartel </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/clearance-phase-ii-merger">Clearance phase II (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collecting-society">Collecting society </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-dominance">Collective dominance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-redress-class-action">Collective redress (class action)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/comity">Comity </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/commission-communication">Commission communication</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competence">Competence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competition-policy-89181">Competition policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/complaint">Complaint </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Compliance-programme">Compliance programme </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/compulsory-license">Compulsory license</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concentration-indexes-en">Concentration indexes</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concerted-practices-en">Concerted practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concession-86056">Concession</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction">Concurrent jurisdiction</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Consortium-12192">Consortium </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumer-protection">Consumer protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumers-associations-en">Consumers’ associations</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-change">Control (change)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-notion">Control (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cooperation-between-competition-authorities-en">Cooperation between competition authorities</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/coordinated-effects">Coordinated effects</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/copyright">Copyright</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corruption">Corruption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cost-based-access">Cost-based access</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cournot-nash-equilibrium">Cournot (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/criminal-sanctions">Criminal sanctions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cross-subsidisation">Cross subsidisation </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="d"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">d</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/damages">Damages</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/de-minimis-notice">De minimis notice</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/digital-markets-act">Digital Markets Act</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/direct-effect">Direct effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/discriminatory-practices">Discriminatory practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/distribution-agreement">Distribution agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/divestiture">Divestiture</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/dominance-notion">Dominance (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/downstream-market-117440">Downstream market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="e"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">e</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/echr">ECHR</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-analysis">Economic analysis</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-efficiency">Economic efficiency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economies-of-scale">Economies of scale </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ecosystem-failures">Ecosystem Failures</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effect-on-trade-between-member-states">Effect on trade between Member States</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effective-judicial-protection">Effective judicial protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effects-doctrine-118100">Effects doctrine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/efta-surveillance-authority-esa-court">EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) & Court </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/environmental-protection-en">Environmental protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/error-costs-108946">Error costs</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/essential-facility">Essential facility</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/european-competition-network-ecn-en">European Competition Network (ECN)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/excessive-prices-en">Excessive prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exchange-of-information">Exchanges of information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusionary-practice">Exclusionary practice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exclusive-distribution-12218">Exclusive distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-purchasing-en">Exclusive purchasing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-right-art-106-tfeu">Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusivity-clause">Exclusivity clause</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exhaustion">Exhaustion </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Extra-territoriality">Extra-territoriality</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="f"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">f</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Failing-firm-defence">Failing firm defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fidelity-rebates">Fidelity rebates</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Fine">Fine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fintech">Fintech</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreclosure-117887">Foreclosure</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-direct-investment-fdi">Foreign direct investment (FDI)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-subsidies">Foreign Subsidies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/form-co">Form CO (EU) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/frand">FRAND</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Free-riding">Free riding </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="g"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">g</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/geographic-market">Geographic market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corporate-group">Group of undertakings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/group-purchasing-organization">Group purchasing organization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/guidelines-119080">Guidelines</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/gun-jumping">Gun jumping</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="h"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">h</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/hard-core-restrictions">Hard core restrictions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Hearing-officer">Hearing officer </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/horizontal-agreement">Horizontal cooperation agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/hsr-filing-us-108854">HSR Filing (US)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="i"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">i</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/independence-and-impartiality">Independence and impartiality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/individual-exemption-86377">Individual exemption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/industrial-policy">Industrial policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/intellectual-property-right-en">Intellectual property right</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/inter-brand-competition">Inter-brand competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Interim-measures">Interim measures </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-co-operation">International co-operation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-competition-network-icn">International competition network (ICN) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/investigations-inquiries-en">Investigations / inquiries</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="j"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">j</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/judicial-review">Judicial review</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="k"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">k</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Know-how">Know-how </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="l"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">l</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/legal-privilege">Legal privilege</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Leniency-programme">Leniency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/lerner-index">Lerner index</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/letter-of-formal-notice-118055">Letter of formal notice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/licensing">Licensing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/limitation-period-119083">Limitation Period </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="m"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">m</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/margin-squeeze">Margin squeeze</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/marginal-costs">Marginal costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-economy-investor">Market economy investor</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-power">Market power</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-share">Market share </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/media-pluralism">Media pluralism</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-notion-12318-en">Merger (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-prohibition">Merger (prohibition)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-withdrawal-118046">Merger (withdrawal)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Merger-control-procedure">Merger control procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-remedies-100323">Merger remedies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/minority-shareholdings-89176">Minority shareholdings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/misinformation">Misinformation</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/mobility-barriers-117741">Mobility Barriers</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Monopoly">Monopoly </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="n"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">n</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/ne-bis-in-idem-86490">Ne bis in idem</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/negative-clearance-118047">Negative clearance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Network-effect">Network effect </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-compete-obligation-12156-en">Non-compete obligation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-horizontal-mergers">Non-Horizontal Mergers </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/notification-12310">Notification</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/nullity">Nullity </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="o"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">o</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/oligopoly">Oligopoly </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/online-platforms">Online Platforms</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="p"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">p</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/parallel-imports-parallel-trade-en">Parallel imports (parallel trade)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/passing-on-en">Passing-on</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Passive-sales">Passive sales </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/patents">Patents</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/pay-for-delay">Pay-for-delay</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/periodic-penalty-payment">Periodic penalty payment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/potential-competition">Potential competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/predatory-pricing">Predatory pricing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/preliminary-rulings-art-267-tfue">Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFUE) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-discrimination-en">Price discrimination </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-leadership">Price leadership</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-signaling">Price signalling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-fixing-agreement">Price-fixing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/prices-en">Prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equal-treatment">Principle of equal treatment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equivalence">Principle of equivalence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-proportionality">Principle of proportionality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privacy-and-data-protection">Privacy and data protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/private-enforcement">Private enforcement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privatization-en">Privatization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/procedural-autonomy">Procedural autonomy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/professional-association-86373-en">Professional association</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/public-procurement">Public procurement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Public-undertaking">Public undertaking</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="r"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">r</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/r-d-agreement">R&D agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/case-referral-system-mergers">Referral (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/refusal-to-deal">Refusal to deal</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/the-registry-of-the-general-court-of-the-european-union">Registry of the General Court of the European Union</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Relevant-market">Relevant market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/remedies-antitrust-en">Remedies (antitrust)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/request-for-information">Request for information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-below-cost-en">Resale below cost </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-price-maintenance-rpm">Resale price maintenance (RPM)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/restriction-on-exportation">Restriction on exportation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/rule-of-reason">Rule of reason</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="s"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">s</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/sunk-costs-117836"> Sunk Costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sector-inquiry">Sector inquiry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/selective-distribution">Selective distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/self-preference-111802">Self-Preference</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Services-of-general-economic">Services of general economic interest </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Single-branding">Single branding </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sole-control">Sole control</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/specialization-agreements">Specialization agreements </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Spill-over-effects">Spill-over effects </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/standard-essential-patent-sep">Standard-Essential Patent (SEP)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-action-defense">State action defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-compatibility">State aid (compatibility)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-existing-aid">State aid (existing aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-notification-en">State aid (notification)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid">State aid (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery">State aid (recovery) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-unlawful-aid">State aid (unlawful aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/State-measure">State measure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Statement-of-objections-SO">Statement of objections (SO) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Substitutability">Substitutability </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sustainability">Sustainability</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/switching-costs">Switching Costs</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="t"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">t</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/technology-transfer">Technology transfer</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/test-siec-merger-en">Test SIEC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-slc-src-sdc-tests">Test SLC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/tipping">Tipping</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/business-secrets">Trade Secrets</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trademark">Trademark</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trustee-mergers-en">Trustee (mergers)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/turnover-threshold-merger">Turnover threshold (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/two-sided-market">Two-sided market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="u"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">u</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/undertaking-notion">Undertaking (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/unfair-competition">Unfair competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/universal-service-118054">Universal Service</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/upstream-market">Upstream market </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="v"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">v</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/variable-costs">Variable costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Vertical-agreement">Vertical agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/vertical-restraints-or-restrictions">Vertical restraints (or restrictions)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="w"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">w</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/White-clause">White clause</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/withdrawal-of-the-benefit-of-a-block-exemption">Withdrawal (of the benefit of a block exemption)</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ // hack on appelle 1 scrollspy sur body et 1 sur window pour pas les melanger jQuery(window).scrollspy({ target: '#menu-definition', offset: 130 }); jQuery('body').scrollspy({ target: '#definition-index', offset: 130 }); jQuery(document).scrollspy({ target: '#related-index', offset: 130 }); // Affichage de l'index var $btn_index 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srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732269721 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270930 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266747 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266189 3000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629' alt='Présentation Filigranes Les 5 Travaux d'Europe' width='3000' height='160' class='adapt-img' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272327 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266627 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274538 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732269360 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629 3000w' sizes='(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw' /></picture></a> </div> <div class="item "> <a 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style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> 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(min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732277529 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/960/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270976 1440w, local/adapt-img/1440/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266622 2160w, local/adapt-img/3000/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732268300 4500w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 1.5dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277558 480w, local/adapt-img/640/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277174 960w, local/adapt-img/960/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732277555 1440w, local/adapt-img/1440/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272968 2160w, local/adapt-img/3000/15x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274035 4500w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/png"><source media="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1), (min-resolution: 1dppx)" srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732269721 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270930 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266747 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266189 3000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629' alt='Présentation Filigranes Les 5 Travaux d'Europe' width='3000' height='160' class='adapt-img' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272327 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266627 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274538 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732269360 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629 3000w' sizes='(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw' /></picture></a> </div> <div class="item "> <a 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style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> 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srcset="local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732269721 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732270930 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266627 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266747 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png@.webp?1732266189 3000w" sizes="(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw" type="image/webp"> <img src='local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629' alt='Présentation Filigranes Les 5 Travaux d'Europe' width='3000' height='160' class='adapt-img' srcset='local/adapt-img/320/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732272327 320w, local/adapt-img/640/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266627 640w, local/adapt-img/960/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732274538 960w, local/adapt-img/1440/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732269360 1440w, local/adapt-img/3000/10x/IMG/png/home-7.png?1732266629 3000w' sizes='(min-width: 3000px) 3000px, 100vw' /></picture></a> </div> <div class="item "> <a 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style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> 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