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href="#Spondees_in_English_verse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Spondees in English verse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spondees_in_English_verse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Спандэй – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спандэй" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Спандэй – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Спандэй" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondej" title="Spondej – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spondej" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spond%C3%A6" title="Spondæ – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spondæ" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondeus" title="Spondeus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spondeus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondeus" title="Spondeus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Spondeus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espondeo" title="Espondeo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Espondeo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondeo" title="Spondeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Spondeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espondeu" title="Espondeu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Espondeu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="دوبلنده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوبلنده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spond%C3%A9e" title="Spondée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Spondée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondeo" title="Spondeo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Spondeo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondeo" title="Spondeo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Spondeo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondeo" title="Spondeo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spondeo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94" title="სპონდე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სპონდე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondeus" title="Spondeus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Spondeus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondee" title="Spondee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spondee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9" title="スポンデイオス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スポンデイオス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spond%C3%A9" title="Spondé – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spondé" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondej" title="Spondej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spondej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espondeu" title="Espondeu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espondeu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Спондей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спондей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondej" title="Spondej – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Spondej" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondee" title="Spondee – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Spondee" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spond%C3%A9" title="Spondé – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spondé" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metrical foot with two long (or accented) syllables</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Spondee_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Spondee (disambiguation)">Spondee (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:20em;"><caption class="infobox-title"><a href="/wiki/Metrical_foot" title="Metrical foot">Metrical feet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Accent_(poetry)" title="Accent (poetry)">accents</a></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff;">Disyllables</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;width:40%;padding:6px 0 0 0;font-size:large"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">◡ ◡</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhic" title="Pyrrhic">pyrrhic</a>, dibrach</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;width:40%;padding:6px 0 0 0;font-size:large"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">◡ –</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iamb_(poetry)" title="Iamb (poetry)">iamb</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;width:40%;padding:6px 0 0 0;font-size:large"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">– ◡</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trochee" title="Trochee">trochee</a>, choree</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;width:40%;padding:6px 0 0 0;font-size:large"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">– –</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">spondee</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff;">Trisyllables</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;width:40%;padding:6px 0 0 0;font-size:large"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">◡ ◡ ◡</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tribrach_(poetry)" title="Tribrach (poetry)">tribrach</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;width:40%;padding:6px 0 0 0;font-size:large"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">– ◡ ◡</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dactyl_(poetry)" title="Dactyl (poetry)">dactyl</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;width:40%;padding:6px 0 0 0;font-size:large"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">◡ – ◡</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amphibrach" title="Amphibrach">amphibrach</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;width:40%;padding:6px 0 0 0;font-size:large"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">◡ ◡ –</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anapaest" title="Anapaest">anapaest</a>, antidactylus</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;width:40%;padding:6px 0 0 0;font-size:large"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">◡ – –</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bacchius" title="Bacchius">bacchius</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;width:40%;padding:6px 0 0 0;font-size:large"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">– ◡ –</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cretic" title="Cretic">cretic</a>, amphimacer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;width:40%;padding:6px 0 0 0;font-size:large"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">– – ◡</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antibacchius" title="Antibacchius">antibacchius</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;width:40%;padding:6px 0 0 0;font-size:large"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">– – –</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Molossus_(poetry)" title="Molossus (poetry)">molossus</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:#ddddff;"><span class="nowrap"><i>See <a href="/wiki/Metrical_foot" title="Metrical foot">main article</a> for tetrasyllables.</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metrical_feet" title="Template:Metrical feet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metrical_feet" title="Template talk:Metrical feet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metrical_feet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metrical feet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>spondee</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">spondeus</i></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Metrical_foot" title="Metrical foot">metrical foot</a> consisting of two long syllables, as determined by <a href="/wiki/Syllable_weight" title="Syllable weight">syllable weight</a> in classical meters, or two <a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">stressed</a> syllables in modern meters.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word comes from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σπονδή</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">spondḗ</i></span>, '<a href="/wiki/Libation" title="Libation">libation</a>'. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spondees_in_Ancient_Greek_and_Latin">Spondees in Ancient Greek and Latin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spondee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Spondees in Ancient Greek and Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libations">Libations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spondee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Libations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sometimes libations were accompanied by hymns in spondaic rhythm, as in the following hymn by the Greek poet <a href="/wiki/Terpander" title="Terpander">Terpander</a> (7th century BC), which consists of 20 long syllables: </p> <blockquote> <p><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ζεῦ πάντων ἀρχά,<br /> πάντων ἀγήτωρ,<br /> Ζεῦ, σοὶ σπένδω<br /> ταύτᾱν ὕμνων ἀρχάν.</span></span> </p><p><span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>Zeû pántōn arkhá,<br /> pántōn āgḗtōr,<br /> Zeû, soì spéndō<br /> taútān húmnōn arkhán.</i></span> </p><p>"Zeus, Beginning of all things,<br /> Leader of all things,<br /> Zeus, I make a libation to Thee<br /> this beginning of (my) hymns." </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_hexameter_poetry">In hexameter poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spondee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In hexameter poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However, in most Greek and Latin poetry, the spondee typically does not provide the basis for a metrical line in <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>. Instead, spondees are found as irregular feet in meter based on another type of foot.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For example, the epics of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> are written in <a href="/wiki/Dactylic_hexameter" title="Dactylic hexameter">dactylic hexameter</a>. This term suggests a line of six <a href="/wiki/Dactyl_(poetry)" title="Dactyl (poetry)">dactyls</a>, but a spondee can be substituted in most positions. The first line of Virgil's <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> has the pattern dactyl-dactyl-spondee-spondee-dactyl-spondee: </p> <dl><dd>– ᴗ ᴗ | – ᴗ ᴗ | – – | – – | – ᴗ ᴗ | – –</dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">arma virumque canō, Trōiae quī prīmus ab ōrīs</i></span></dd> <dd>'I sing of arms and of the man, who first from the shores of Troy...'</dd></dl> <p>Most of Virgil's lines, like the above, are a mixture of dactyls and spondees. However, sometimes he will begin a line with three or four spondees for special effect, such as the following, which describes how <a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a> and his companion made their way slowly down a dark passage into the Underworld. In this line all the feet are spondaic except the fifth: </p> <dl><dd>– – | – – | – – | – – | – ᴗ ᴗ | – –</dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ībant obscūrī sōlā sub nocte per umbram</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>'They began moving in the darkness beneath the lonely night through the shadow'</dd></dl> <p>Spondees can also add solemnity, as in the following lines where <a href="/wiki/Dido" title="Dido">Dido</a>, Queen of Carthage, curses Aeneas after he has abandoned her. The first line begins with three spondees, the second with four: </p> <dl><dd>– – | – – | – – | – ᴗ ᴗ | – ᴗ ᴗ | – –</dd> <dd>– – | – – | – – | – – | – ᴗ ᴗ | – –</dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Sōl, quī terrārum flammīs oper(a) omnia lūstrās,</i></span></dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">tūqu(e) hār(um) interpres cūrār(um) et cōnscia Iūnō,...</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>'O Sun, who surveyest all the works of the world with thy flames,</dd> <dd>and Thou, interpreter and witness of these sorrows, <a href="/wiki/Juno_(mythology)" title="Juno (mythology)">Juno</a>...'</dd></dl> <p>Only two hexameter lines in Latin poetry use spondees throughout the verse. One is by <a href="/wiki/Ennius" title="Ennius">Ennius</a>: </p> <dl><dd>– – | – – | – – | – – | – – | – –</dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ollī respondit rēx Albāī Longāī</i></span></dd> <dd>'to him replied the King of Alba Longa'</dd></dl> <p>The other is in an <a href="/wiki/Elegiac_couplet" title="Elegiac couplet">elegiac couplet</a> in the last poem of <a href="/wiki/Catullus" title="Catullus">Catullus</a> (116), perhaps mocking the poetic style of his addressee:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>– – | – – | – – | – – | – – | – –</dd> <dd>    – – | – ᴗ ᴗ | – || – ᴗ ᴗ | – ᴗ ᴗ | –</dd> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">quī tē lēnīrem nōbīs, neu cōnārēre</i></span></dd> <dd>   <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">tēl(a) īnfesta meum mitter(e) in usque caput</i></span></dd> <dd>'with which I could soften your attitude towards me, and so that you would not try</dd> <dd>   to keep hurling hostile missiles at my head'</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spondees_in_English_verse">Spondees in English verse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spondee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spondees in English verse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Latin and Greek meter spondees are easily identified because the distinction between long and short syllables is unambiguous. In English meter indisputable examples are harder to find because metrical feet are identified by stress, and stress is a matter of interpretation.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For example, the first part of this line from Shakespeare's <i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a></i> (in <a href="/wiki/Iambic_pentameter" title="Iambic pentameter">iambic pentameter</a>) would normally be interpreted as two spondees: </p> <blockquote> <p><i>Crý, crý! Tróy búrns, or élse let Hélen gó.</i> </p> </blockquote> <p>The effect of spondees in verse is often to slow the line down and to represent slow movement. Thus <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a> writes, in a poem illustrating how the sound of the words should imitate their meaning: </p> <blockquote> <p><i>When Ajax strives, some Rock's vast Weight to throw,</i><br /> <i>The Line too labours, and the Words move slow;</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>In the first line above, most of the syllables, even those in weak positions, are long and heavy: "A-jax strives some Rock's vast weight"; only the last foot, "to throw", is a true iamb. The final foot of the second line "move slow" is another spondee replacing an iamb. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Masefield" title="John Masefield">John Masefield</a> also uses spondees effectively in the line: </p> <blockquote> <p><i>Dirty British / coaster with a / salt-caked / smoke-stack</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Here the last four syllables make two spondees, contrasting with the eight short syllables in the first two feet. The length and weight of the last four syllables derives partly from the fact that all of them are closed by one or more consonants, and partly from the fact that all of them are stressed.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another Masefield poem, <i>Sea Fever</i> (1902), which includes spondees contains these lines: </p> <blockquote> <p><i>And the <u>wheel's kick</u> and the <u>wind's song</u> and the <u>white sail's</u> shaking,</i><br /> <i>And a <u>grey mist</u> on the <u>sea's face</u>, and a <u>grey dawn</u> breaking.</i> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spondee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosody_(Latin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosody (Latin)">Prosody (Latin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrical_phonology" title="Metrical phonology">Metrical phonology</a>, linguistic theory that considers metrical feet</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spondee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Furay, S. M. (1955). The Poetry of Hilaire Belloc: A Critical Evaluation. United States: Stanford University.</li> <li>Bennett, J. B. (1967). Royall Tyler. United States: (n.p.).</li> <li>Hirsch, E. (2014). A Poet's Glossary. United States: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spondee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/spondee">"Spondee | prosody"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Spondee+%7C+prosody&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fspondee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpondee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/learn/glossary-terms/spondee">"Spondee"</a>. <i>Poetry Foundation</i>. 2021-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poetry+Foundation&rft.atitle=Spondee&rft.date=2021-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryfoundation.org%2Flearn%2Fglossary-terms%2Fspondee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpondee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Virgil, <i>Aeneid</i> 6.268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Virgil, <i>Aeneid</i>, 4.607–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butterfield, D. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-companion-to-catullus/catullus-and-metre/3F4A8608016696AC7DE0606FC492B571">"Catullus and Metre"</a>. Chapter 7 in Du Quesnay, I. & Woodman, T. <i>The Cambridge Companion to Catullus</i>. Cambridge, pp. 160 & 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://literarydevices.net/spondee/">"Spondee - Examples and Definition of Spondee"</a>. <i>Literary Devices</i>. 2015-03-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Literary+Devices&rft.atitle=Spondee+-+Examples+and+Definition+of+Spondee&rft.date=2015-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliterarydevices.net%2Fspondee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpondee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope, <i>Essay on Criticism</i> 370–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Masefield, <i>Cargoes</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both stress and the number of consonants affect the length of syllables in English: see Greenberg, Steven, et al. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccc.inaoep.mx/~villasen/bib/tempProp.pdf">"Temporal properties of spontaneous speech—a syllable-centric perspective"</a>. <i>Journal of Phonetics</i> 31 (2003) 465–485, especially p. 473.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spondee&oldid=1265591147">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spondee&oldid=1265591147</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metrical_feet" title="Category:Metrical feet">Metrical feet</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 December 2024, at 17:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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