CINXE.COM
Archifest 2018: Theme - Singapore Institute of Architects
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>Archifest 2018: Theme - Singapore Institute of Architects</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Archifest 2018: Theme - Singapore Institute of Architects" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Archifest 2018 Archifest is an annual public architecture festival organised by the Singapore Institute of Architects, to celebrate the architecture and built environment. It is a platform to engage and […]" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Singapore Institute of Architects" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2018-08-01T01:59:57+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2018-08-02T10:22:10+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Archifest-2018-e1534731203488.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="618" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="300" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="SIA" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="SIA" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="4 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/"},"author":{"name":"SIA","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#/schema/person/e8fd73ef6fada5b7f615405f7299dac0"},"headline":"Archifest 2018: Theme","datePublished":"2018-08-01T01:59:57+00:00","dateModified":"2018-08-02T10:22:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/"},"wordCount":734,"publisher":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Archifest-2018-e1534731203488.jpg","keywords":["Archifest","design","Festival"],"articleSection":["I am Architect"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/","url":"https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/","name":"Archifest 2018: Theme - Singapore Institute of Architects","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Archifest-2018-e1534731203488.jpg","datePublished":"2018-08-01T01:59:57+00:00","dateModified":"2018-08-02T10:22:10+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/#primaryimage","url":"https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Archifest-2018-e1534731203488.jpg","contentUrl":"https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Archifest-2018-e1534731203488.jpg","width":618,"height":300},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-theme/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://sia.org.sg/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Archifest 2018: Theme"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#website","url":"https://sia.org.sg/","name":"Singapore Institute of Architects","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://sia.org.sg/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#organization","name":"Singapore Institute of Architects","url":"https://sia.org.sg/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-e1534727866749.png","contentUrl":"https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-e1534727866749.png","width":100,"height":102,"caption":"Singapore Institute of Architects"},"image":{"@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#/schema/logo/image/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#/schema/person/e8fd73ef6fada5b7f615405f7299dac0","name":"SIA","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://sia.org.sg/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-small.png","contentUrl":"https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-small.png","caption":"SIA"},"url":"https://sia.org.sg/author/sia/"}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Singapore Institute of Architects » Feed" href="https://sia.org.sg/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Singapore Institute of Architects » Comments Feed" href="https://sia.org.sg/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/calendar" title="Singapore Institute of Architects » iCal Feed" href="https://sia.org.sg/calendar/?ical=1" /> <!-- This site uses the Google Analytics by ExactMetrics plugin v8.2.2 - Using Analytics tracking - https://www.exactmetrics.com/ --> <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-XLQNMQX8B7" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false"> var em_version = '8.2.2'; var em_track_user = true; var em_no_track_reason = ''; var ExactMetricsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/sia.org.sg\/archifest-2018-theme\/"}; if ( typeof ExactMetricsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var ExactMetricsLocations = (typeof ExactMetricsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? ExactMetricsPrivacyGuardFilter( ExactMetricsExcludeQuery ) : ExactMetricsPrivacyGuardFilter( ExactMetricsDefaultLocations ); } else { var ExactMetricsLocations = (typeof ExactMetricsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? ExactMetricsExcludeQuery : ExactMetricsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-XLQNMQX8B7', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.ExactMetricsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (em_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = exactmetrics_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof ExactMetricsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { ExactMetricsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dNDMyYj': true, }); if ( ExactMetricsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', ExactMetricsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-XLQNMQX8B7', {"forceSSL":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script> <!-- / Google Analytics by ExactMetrics --> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/sia.org.sg\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-theme-css-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/style.min.css?ver=4.8.6' media='all' /> <style id='astra-theme-css-inline-css'> .ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: calc( -50vw + 50%);margin-right: calc( -50vw + 50%);max-width: 100vw;width: 100vw;}.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide {margin-left: calc(-41vw + 50%);margin-right: calc(-41vw + 50%);max-width: unset;width: unset;}.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignwide,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignwide,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignwide{width: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.wp-block-gallery,.blocks-gallery-grid {margin: 0;}.wp-block-separator {max-width: 100px;}.wp-block-separator.is-style-wide,.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots {max-width: none;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:first-child {padding-right: 10px;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:last-child {padding-left: 10px;}@media (max-width: 782px) {.entry-content .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column {flex-basis: 100%;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:first-child {padding-right: 0;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:last-child {padding-left: 0;}}body .entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts {margin-left: 0;}body .entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts li {list-style: none;}.ast-no-sidebar .ast-container .entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts {margin-left: 0;}.ast-header-break-point .entry-content .alignwide {margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.entry-content .blocks-gallery-item img {margin-bottom: auto;}.wp-block-pullquote {border-top: 4px solid #555d66;border-bottom: 4px solid #555d66;color: #40464d;}:root{--ast-post-nav-space:0;--ast-container-default-xlg-padding:6.67em;--ast-container-default-lg-padding:5.67em;--ast-container-default-slg-padding:4.34em;--ast-container-default-md-padding:3.34em;--ast-container-default-sm-padding:6.67em;--ast-container-default-xs-padding:2.4em;--ast-container-default-xxs-padding:1.4em;--ast-code-block-background:#EEEEEE;--ast-comment-inputs-background:#FAFAFA;--ast-normal-container-width:1200px;--ast-narrow-container-width:750px;--ast-blog-title-font-weight:normal;--ast-blog-meta-weight:inherit;}html{font-size:118.75%;}a,.page-title{color:#7a7a7a;}a:hover,a:focus{color:#ff7802;}body,button,input,select,textarea,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button{font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:19px;font-size:1rem;line-height:var(--ast-body-line-height,1.7em);}blockquote{color:#2f2f2f;}h1,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6,.site-title,.site-title a{font-weight:600;}.ast-site-identity .site-title a{color:#ffffff;}.ast-site-identity .site-title a:hover{color:#ff7802;}.site-title{font-size:25px;font-size:1.3157894736842rem;display:none;}header .custom-logo-link img{max-width:50px;width:50px;}.astra-logo-svg{width:50px;}.site-header .site-description{font-size:15px;font-size:0.78947368421053rem;display:none;}.entry-title{font-size:40px;font-size:2.1052631578947rem;}.archive .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner,.blog .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner,.archive .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner:hover,.blog .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner:hover{overflow:hidden;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:42px;font-size:2.2105263157895rem;line-height:1.4em;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:30px;font-size:1.5789473684211rem;line-height:1.3em;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:25px;font-size:1.3157894736842rem;line-height:1.3em;}h4,.entry-content h4{font-size:20px;font-size:1.0526315789474rem;line-height:1.2em;}h5,.entry-content h5{font-size:18px;font-size:0.94736842105263rem;line-height:1.2em;}h6,.entry-content h6{font-size:15px;font-size:0.78947368421053rem;line-height:1.25em;}::selection{background-color:#ff7802;color:#000000;}body,h1,.entry-title a,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6{color:#7a7a7a;}.tagcloud a:hover,.tagcloud a:focus,.tagcloud a.current-item{color:#ffffff;border-color:#7a7a7a;background-color:#7a7a7a;}input:focus,input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,textarea:focus{border-color:#7a7a7a;}input[type="radio"]:checked,input[type=reset],input[type="checkbox"]:checked,input[type="checkbox"]:hover:checked,input[type="checkbox"]:focus:checked,input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb{border-color:#7a7a7a;background-color:#7a7a7a;box-shadow:none;}.site-footer a:hover + .post-count,.site-footer a:focus + .post-count{background:#7a7a7a;border-color:#7a7a7a;}.single .nav-links .nav-previous,.single .nav-links .nav-next{color:#7a7a7a;}.entry-meta,.entry-meta *{line-height:1.45;color:#7a7a7a;}.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):hover,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):hover *,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):focus,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):focus *,.page-links > .page-link,.page-links .page-link:hover,.post-navigation a:hover{color:#ff7802;}#cat option,.secondary .calendar_wrap thead a,.secondary .calendar_wrap thead a:visited{color:#7a7a7a;}.secondary .calendar_wrap #today,.ast-progress-val span{background:#7a7a7a;}.secondary a:hover + .post-count,.secondary a:focus + .post-count{background:#7a7a7a;border-color:#7a7a7a;}.calendar_wrap #today > a{color:#ffffff;}.page-links .page-link,.single .post-navigation a{color:#7a7a7a;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-form button.search-submit{padding:0 4px;}.ast-search-menu-icon form.search-form{padding-right:0;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-form,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field:focus{transition:all 0.2s;}.search-form input.search-field:focus{outline:none;}.ast-archive-title{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.widget-title,.widget .wp-block-heading{font-size:27px;font-size:1.4210526315789rem;color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.single .ast-author-details .author-title{color:#ff7802;}#secondary,#secondary button,#secondary input,#secondary select,#secondary textarea{font-size:19px;font-size:1rem;}.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search a:focus-visible:focus-visible,.astra-search-icon:focus-visible,#close:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,.ast-menu-toggle:focus-visible,.site .skip-link:focus-visible,.wp-block-loginout input:focus-visible,.wp-block-search.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper,.ast-header-navigation-arrow:focus-visible,.woocommerce .wc-proceed-to-checkout > .checkout-button:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-navigation ul li a:focus-visible,.ast-orders-table__row .ast-orders-table__cell:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-order-details .order-again > .button:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-message a.button.wc-forward:focus-visible,.woocommerce #minus_qty:focus-visible,.woocommerce #plus_qty:focus-visible,a#ast-apply-coupon:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-info a:focus-visible,.woocommerce .astra-shop-summary-wrap a:focus-visible,.woocommerce a.wc-forward:focus-visible,#ast-apply-coupon:focus-visible,.woocommerce-js .woocommerce-mini-cart-item a.remove:focus-visible,#close:focus-visible,.button.search-submit:focus-visible,#search_submit:focus,.normal-search:focus-visible,.ast-header-account-wrap:focus-visible,.woocommerce .ast-on-card-button.ast-quick-view-trigger:focus{outline-style:dotted;outline-color:inherit;outline-width:thin;}input:focus,input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,.wp-block-search__input:focus,[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .ast-mobile-menu-trigger-minimal:focus,.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .menu-toggle-close:focus,.woocommerce-ordering select.orderby:focus,#ast-scroll-top:focus,#coupon_code:focus,.woocommerce-page #comment:focus,.woocommerce #reviews #respond input#submit:focus,.woocommerce a.add_to_cart_button:focus,.woocommerce .button.single_add_to_cart_button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-cart-form button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-cart-form__cart-item .quantity .qty:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-billing-fields .woocommerce-billing-fields__field-wrapper .woocommerce-input-wrapper > .input-text:focus,.woocommerce #order_comments:focus,.woocommerce #place_order:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-address-fields .woocommerce-address-fields__field-wrapper .woocommerce-input-wrapper > .input-text:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-content form button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-content .woocommerce-EditAccountForm .woocommerce-form-row .woocommerce-Input.input-text:focus,.woocommerce .ast-woocommerce-container .woocommerce-pagination ul.page-numbers li a:focus,body #content .woocommerce form .form-row .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single:focus,#ast-coupon-code:focus,.woocommerce.woocommerce-js .quantity input[type=number]:focus,.woocommerce-js .woocommerce-mini-cart-item .quantity input[type=number]:focus,.woocommerce p#ast-coupon-trigger:focus{border-style:dotted;border-color:inherit;border-width:thin;}input{outline:none;}.main-header-menu .menu-link,.ast-header-custom-item a{color:#7a7a7a;}.main-header-menu .menu-item:hover > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle,.main-header-menu .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items a:hover,.main-header-menu .menu-item.focus > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .menu-item.focus > .ast-menu-toggle,.main-header-menu .current-menu-item > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .current-menu-ancestor > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle,.main-header-menu .current-menu-ancestor > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#7a7a7a;}.header-main-layout-3 .ast-main-header-bar-alignment{margin-right:auto;}.header-main-layout-2 .site-header-section-left .ast-site-identity{text-align:left;}.ast-logo-title-inline .site-logo-img{padding-right:1em;}.site-logo-img img{ transition:all 0.2s linear;}body .ast-oembed-container *{position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;left:0;}body .wp-block-embed-pocket-casts .ast-oembed-container *{position:unset;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-menu-buttons-minimal.menu-toggle{background:transparent;color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-menu-buttons-outline.menu-toggle{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--ast-global-color-0);color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-menu-buttons-fill.menu-toggle{background:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.ast-single-post-featured-section + article {margin-top: 2em;}.site-content .ast-single-post-featured-section img {width: 100%;overflow: hidden;object-fit: cover;}.site > .ast-single-related-posts-container {margin-top: 0;}@media (min-width: 769px) {.ast-desktop .ast-container--narrow {max-width: var(--ast-narrow-container-width);margin: 0 auto;}}#secondary {margin: 4em 0 2.5em;word-break: break-word;line-height: 2;}#secondary li {margin-bottom: 0.25em;}#secondary li:last-child {margin-bottom: 0;}@media (max-width: 768px) {.js_active .ast-plain-container.ast-single-post #secondary {margin-top: 1.5em;}}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget {background-color: #fff;padding: 2em;margin-bottom: 2em;}@media (min-width: 993px) {.ast-left-sidebar #secondary {padding-right: 60px;}.ast-right-sidebar #secondary {padding-left: 60px;}}@media (max-width: 993px) {.ast-right-sidebar #secondary {padding-left: 30px;}.ast-left-sidebar #secondary {padding-right: 30px;}}.ast-small-footer > .ast-footer-overlay{background-color:#343e47;;}.footer-adv .footer-adv-overlay{border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:#7a7a7a;}@media( max-width: 420px ) {.single .nav-links .nav-previous,.single .nav-links .nav-next {width: 100%;text-align: center;}}.wp-block-buttons.aligncenter{justify-content:center;}@media (max-width:782px){.entry-content .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column{margin-left:0px;}}.wp-block-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.wp-block-table.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button,.ast-outline-button,.wp-block-uagb-buttons-child .uagb-buttons-repeater.ast-outline-button{border-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-width:2px;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:1em;border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px;}.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:hover,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline > .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color):hover,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color):hover,.ast-outline-button:hover,.ast-outline-button:focus,.wp-block-uagb-buttons-child .uagb-buttons-repeater.ast-outline-button:hover,.wp-block-uagb-buttons-child .uagb-buttons-repeater.ast-outline-button:focus{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button.is-style-outline:not(.has-background),.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button:not(.has-background),.ast-outline-button{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > figure{margin-bottom:1em;}@media (max-width:768px){.ast-separate-container #primary,.ast-separate-container #secondary{padding:1.5em 0;}#primary,#secondary{padding:1.5em 0;margin:0;}.ast-left-sidebar #content > .ast-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;width:100%;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single{padding:1.5em 2.14em;}.ast-author-box img.avatar{margin:20px 0 0 0;}}@media (max-width:768px){#secondary.secondary{padding-top:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header #secondary,.ast-page-builder-template #secondary{margin-top:1.5em;}}@media (max-width:768px){.ast-right-sidebar #primary{padding-right:0;}.ast-page-builder-template.ast-left-sidebar #secondary,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{padding-right:20px;padding-left:20px;}.ast-right-sidebar #secondary,.ast-left-sidebar #primary{padding-left:0;}.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{padding-right:0;}}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #primary,.ast-separate-container.ast-left-sidebar #primary{border:0;}.search-no-results.ast-separate-container #primary{margin-bottom:4em;}}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-right-sidebar #primary{border-right:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);}.ast-left-sidebar #primary{border-left:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);}.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{border-left:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);margin-left:-1px;}.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{border-right:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);margin-right:-1px;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{padding-left:30px;padding-right:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{padding-right:30px;padding-left:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #secondary,.ast-separate-container.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{border:0;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}}.menu-toggle,button,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button,.button,input#submit,input[type="button"],input[type="submit"],input[type="reset"]{color:#000000;border-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);border-top-left-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px;padding-top:10px;padding-right:40px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:40px;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;}button:focus,.menu-toggle:hover,button:hover,.ast-button:hover,.ast-custom-button:hover .button:hover,.ast-custom-button:hover,input[type=reset]:hover,input[type=reset]:focus,input#submit:hover,input#submit:focus,input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:focus{color:#000000;background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);border-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}@media (max-width:768px){.ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon{display:inline-block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-outside .ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar .ast-search-icon{margin:0;}.ast-comment-avatar-wrap img{max-width:2.5em;}.ast-comment-meta{padding:0 1.8888em 1.3333em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1{padding:1.5em 2.14em;}.ast-separate-container .comment-respond{padding:2em 2.14em;}}@media (min-width:544px){.ast-container{max-width:100%;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .comments-title,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{padding:1.5em 1em;}.ast-separate-container #content .ast-container{padding-left:0.54em;padding-right:0.54em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor{padding:.5em;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field{width:170px;}.ast-separate-container #secondary{padding-top:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{margin-bottom:1.5em;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;}.site-branding img,.site-header .site-logo-img .custom-logo-link img{max-width:100%;}} #ast-mobile-header .ast-site-header-cart-li a{pointer-events:none;}.entry-content > .wp-block-group,.entry-content > .wp-block-media-text,.entry-content > .wp-block-cover,.entry-content > .wp-block-columns{max-width:58em;width:calc(100% - 4em);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.entry-content [class*="__inner-container"] > .alignfull{max-width:100%;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.entry-content [class*="__inner-container"] > *:not(.alignwide):not(.alignfull):not(.alignleft):not(.alignright){margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.entry-content [class*="__inner-container"] > *:not(.alignwide):not(p):not(.alignfull):not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.is-style-wide):not(iframe){max-width:50rem;width:100%;}@media (min-width:768px){.entry-content > .wp-block-group.alignwide.has-background,.entry-content > .wp-block-group.alignfull.has-background,.entry-content > .wp-block-cover.alignwide,.entry-content > .wp-block-cover.alignfull,.entry-content > .wp-block-columns.has-background.alignwide,.entry-content > .wp-block-columns.has-background.alignfull{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding:6em 4em;}.entry-content > .wp-block-columns.has-background{margin-bottom:0;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.entry-content .alignfull p{max-width:1200px;}.entry-content .alignfull{max-width:100%;width:100%;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-content .alignwide,.entry-content [class*="__inner-container"] > .alignwide{max-width:1200px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.entry-content .alignfull [class*="__inner-container"] > .alignwide{max-width:80rem;}}@media (min-width:545px){.site-main .entry-content > .alignwide{margin:0 auto;}.wp-block-group.has-background,.entry-content > .wp-block-cover,.entry-content > .wp-block-columns.has-background{padding:4em;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.alignfull .wp-block-media-text__content,.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.has-background .wp-block-media-text__content{padding:0 8%;}}@media (max-width:768px){.site-title{display:none;}.site-header .site-description{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:30px;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:25px;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:20px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.site-title{font-size:20px;font-size:1.0526315789474rem;display:block;}.site-header .site-description{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:30px;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:25px;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:20px;}}@media (max-width:768px){html{font-size:108.3%;}}@media (max-width:544px){html{font-size:108.3%;}}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-container{max-width:1240px;}}@font-face {font-family: "Astra";src: url(https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/fonts/astra.woff) format("woff"),url(https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/fonts/astra.ttf) format("truetype"),url(https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/fonts/astra.svg#astra) format("svg");font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-display: fallback;}@media (max-width:921px) {.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation{display:none;}}.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{border-color:#ff7802;}.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .sub-menu{border-top-width:2px;border-style:solid;}.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .sub-menu .sub-menu{top:-2px;}.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .sub-menu .menu-link,.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .children .menu-link{border-bottom-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:#eaeaea;}@media (min-width:769px){.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.ast-left-align-sub-menu:hover > .sub-menu,.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.ast-left-align-sub-menu.focus > .sub-menu{margin-left:-0px;}}.site .comments-area{padding-bottom:3em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-search-icon {display: none;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {padding: 0;display: block;overflow: hidden;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-custom-item .widget:last-child {margin-bottom: 1em;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget {margin: 0.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget p {margin-bottom: 0;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget li {width: auto;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside .button-custom-menu-item .menu-link {display: none;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item .ast-custom-button-link {display: none;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item .menu-link {display: block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-outside .main-header-bar .ast-search-icon {margin-right: 1em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field,.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field {width: 100%;padding-right: 5.5em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit {display: block;position: absolute;height: 100%;top: 0;right: 0;padding: 0 1em;border-radius: 0;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-custom-item .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items {padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 20px;margin-bottom: 1em;margin-top: 1em;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item {padding-left: 0;padding-right: 0;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;}.astra-icon-down_arrow::after {content: "\e900";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-close::after {content: "\e5cd";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-drag_handle::after {content: "\e25d";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-format_align_justify::after {content: "\e235";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-menu::after {content: "\e5d2";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-reorder::after {content: "\e8fe";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-search::after {content: "\e8b6";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-zoom_in::after {content: "\e56b";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-check-circle::after {content: "\e901";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-cart::after {content: "\f07a";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-bag::after {content: "\f290";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-basket::after {content: "\f291";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-circle-o::after {content: "\e903";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-certificate::after {content: "\e902";font-family: Astra;}.wp-block-file {display: flex;align-items: center;flex-wrap: wrap;justify-content: space-between;}.wp-block-pullquote {border: none;}.wp-block-pullquote blockquote::before {content: "\201D";font-family: "Helvetica",sans-serif;display: flex;transform: rotate( 180deg );font-size: 6rem;font-style: normal;line-height: 1;font-weight: bold;align-items: center;justify-content: center;}.has-text-align-right > blockquote::before {justify-content: flex-start;}.has-text-align-left > blockquote::before {justify-content: flex-end;}figure.wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color blockquote {max-width: 100%;text-align: inherit;}blockquote {padding: 0 1.2em 1.2em;}.wp-block-button__link {border: 2px solid currentColor;}body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button {text-decoration: none;}ul.wp-block-categories-list.wp-block-categories,ul.wp-block-archives-list.wp-block-archives {list-style-type: none;}ul,ol {margin-left: 20px;}figure.alignright figcaption {text-align: right;}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root{--ast-global-color-0:#ff7802;--ast-global-color-1:#3a3a3a;--ast-global-color-2:#3a3a3a;--ast-global-color-3:#4B4F58;--ast-global-color-4:#F5F5F5;--ast-global-color-5:#FFFFFF;--ast-global-color-6:#F2F5F7;--ast-global-color-7:#424242;--ast-global-color-8:#000000;}:root {--ast-border-color : #dddddd;}#masthead .ast-container,.ast-header-breadcrumb .ast-container{max-width:100%;padding-left:35px;padding-right:35px;}@media (max-width:921px){#masthead .ast-container,.ast-header-breadcrumb .ast-container{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-search-icon {display: none;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {padding: 0;display: block;overflow: hidden;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-custom-item .widget:last-child {margin-bottom: 1em;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget {margin: 0.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget p {margin-bottom: 0;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget li {width: auto;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside .button-custom-menu-item .menu-link {display: none;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item .ast-custom-button-link {display: none;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item .menu-link {display: block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-outside .main-header-bar .ast-search-icon {margin-right: 1em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field,.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field {width: 100%;padding-right: 5.5em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit {display: block;position: absolute;height: 100%;top: 0;right: 0;padding: 0 1em;border-radius: 0;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-custom-item .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items {padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 20px;margin-bottom: 1em;margin-top: 1em;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item {padding-left: 0;padding-right: 0;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;}.astra-icon-down_arrow::after {content: "\e900";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-close::after {content: "\e5cd";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-drag_handle::after {content: "\e25d";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-format_align_justify::after {content: "\e235";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-menu::after {content: "\e5d2";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-reorder::after {content: "\e8fe";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-search::after {content: "\e8b6";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-zoom_in::after {content: "\e56b";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-check-circle::after {content: "\e901";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-cart::after {content: "\f07a";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-bag::after {content: "\f290";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-basket::after {content: "\f291";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-circle-o::after {content: "\e903";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-certificate::after {content: "\e902";font-family: Astra;}.wp-block-file {display: flex;align-items: center;flex-wrap: wrap;justify-content: space-between;}.wp-block-pullquote {border: none;}.wp-block-pullquote blockquote::before {content: "\201D";font-family: "Helvetica",sans-serif;display: flex;transform: rotate( 180deg );font-size: 6rem;font-style: normal;line-height: 1;font-weight: bold;align-items: center;justify-content: center;}.has-text-align-right > blockquote::before {justify-content: flex-start;}.has-text-align-left > blockquote::before {justify-content: flex-end;}figure.wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color blockquote {max-width: 100%;text-align: inherit;}blockquote {padding: 0 1.2em 1.2em;}.wp-block-button__link {border: 2px solid currentColor;}body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button {text-decoration: none;}ul.wp-block-categories-list.wp-block-categories,ul.wp-block-archives-list.wp-block-archives {list-style-type: none;}ul,ol {margin-left: 20px;}figure.alignright figcaption {text-align: right;}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root{--ast-global-color-0:#ff7802;--ast-global-color-1:#3a3a3a;--ast-global-color-2:#3a3a3a;--ast-global-color-3:#4B4F58;--ast-global-color-4:#F5F5F5;--ast-global-color-5:#FFFFFF;--ast-global-color-6:#F2F5F7;--ast-global-color-7:#424242;--ast-global-color-8:#000000;}:root {--ast-border-color : #dddddd;}#masthead .ast-container,.ast-header-breadcrumb .ast-container{max-width:100%;padding-left:35px;padding-right:35px;}@media (max-width:921px){#masthead .ast-container,.ast-header-breadcrumb .ast-container{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}.ast-single-entry-banner {-js-display: flex;display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;text-align: center;position: relative;background: #eeeeee;}.ast-single-entry-banner[data-banner-layout="layout-1"] {max-width: 1200px;background: inherit;padding: 20px 0;}.ast-single-entry-banner[data-banner-width-type="custom"] {margin: 0 auto;width: 100%;}.ast-single-entry-banner + .site-content .entry-header {margin-bottom: 0;}.site .ast-author-avatar {--ast-author-avatar-size: ;}a.ast-underline-text {text-decoration: underline;}.ast-container > .ast-terms-link {position: relative;display: block;}a.ast-button.ast-badge-tax {padding: 4px 8px;border-radius: 3px;font-size: inherit;}header.entry-header .entry-title{font-size:30px;font-size:1.5789473684211rem;}header.entry-header > *:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:10px;}.ast-archive-entry-banner {-js-display: flex;display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;text-align: center;position: relative;background: #eeeeee;}.ast-archive-entry-banner[data-banner-width-type="custom"] {margin: 0 auto;width: 100%;}.ast-archive-entry-banner[data-banner-layout="layout-1"] {background: inherit;padding: 20px 0;text-align: left;}body.archive .ast-archive-description{max-width:1200px;width:100%;text-align:left;padding-top:3em;padding-right:3em;padding-bottom:3em;padding-left:3em;}body.archive .ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title,body.archive .ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title *{font-size:40px;font-size:2.1052631578947rem;}body.archive .ast-archive-description > *:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:10px;}@media (max-width:768px){body.archive .ast-archive-description{text-align:left;}}@media (max-width:544px){body.archive .ast-archive-description{text-align:left;}}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-browse,.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items,.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items li{display:inline-block;margin:0;padding:0;border:none;background:inherit;text-indent:0;text-decoration:none;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-browse{font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;color:inherit;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items{list-style:none;}.trail-items li::after{padding:0 0.3em;content:"\00bb";}.trail-items li:last-of-type::after{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.entry-title a{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.elementor-posts-container [CLASS*="ast-width-"]{width:100%;}.elementor-template-full-width .ast-container{display:block;}.elementor-screen-only,.screen-reader-text,.screen-reader-text span,.ui-helper-hidden-accessible{top:0 !important;}@media (max-width:544px){.elementor-element .elementor-wc-products .woocommerce[class*="columns-"] ul.products li.product{width:auto;margin:0;}.elementor-element .woocommerce .woocommerce-result-count{float:none;}}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar{border-bottom-width:0px;}@media (min-width:769px){.main-header-bar{border-bottom-width:0px;}}@media (min-width:769px){#primary{width:70%;}#secondary{width:30%;}}.main-header-menu .menu-item,#astra-footer-menu .menu-item,.main-header-bar .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items{-js-display:flex;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-moz-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.main-header-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link,#astra-footer-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link{height:100%;-webkit-box-align:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-moz-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-js-display:flex;display:flex;}.ast-primary-menu-disabled .main-header-bar .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items{flex:unset;}.header-main-layout-1 .ast-flex.main-header-container,.header-main-layout-3 .ast-flex.main-header-container{-webkit-align-content:center;-ms-flex-line-pack:center;align-content:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-moz-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{position:absolute;right:1em;top:50%;transform:translate(0,-50%) rotate(270deg);}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .page_item_has_children > .ast-menu-toggle::before,.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle::before,.ast-mobile-popup-drawer .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children>.ast-menu-toggle::before,.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle::before{font-weight:bold;content:"\e900";font-family:Astra;text-decoration:inherit;display:inline-block;}.ast-header-break-point .main-navigation ul.sub-menu .menu-item .menu-link:before{content:"\e900";font-family:Astra;font-size:.65em;text-decoration:inherit;display:inline-block;transform:translate(0,-2px) rotateZ(270deg);margin-right:5px;}.widget_search .search-form:after{font-family:Astra;font-size:1.2em;font-weight:normal;content:"\e8b6";position:absolute;top:50%;right:15px;transform:translate(0,-50%);}.astra-search-icon::before{content:"\e8b6";font-family:Astra;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;z-index:3;}.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .page_item_has_children > a:after,.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > a:after,.menu-item-has-children .ast-header-navigation-arrow:after{content:"\e900";display:inline-block;font-family:Astra;font-size:.6rem;font-weight:bold;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;margin-left:10px;line-height:normal;}.menu-item-has-children .sub-menu .ast-header-navigation-arrow:after{margin-left:0;}.ast-mobile-popup-drawer .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-submenu-expanded>.ast-menu-toggle::before{transform:rotateX(180deg);}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{display:none;}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-builder-menu .main-navigation > ul > li:last-child a{margin-right:0;}}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-inner{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post{background-color:#ffffff;background-image:none;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post),.woocommerce.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.ast-separate-container .error-404,.ast-separate-container .no-results,.single.ast-separate-container.ast-author-meta,.ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper,.ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .comment-respond,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .ast-comment-list li,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .comments-title{background-color:#ffffff;background-image:none;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:#ffffff;background-image:none;}:root{--e-global-color-astglobalcolor0:#ff7802;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor1:#3a3a3a;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor2:#3a3a3a;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor3:#4B4F58;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor4:#F5F5F5;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor5:#FFFFFF;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor6:#F2F5F7;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor7:#424242;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor8:#000000;}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item>.sub-menu .sub-menu{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transform:translateY(.5em);transition:visibility .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item .menu-item.focus>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item .menu-item:hover>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item.focus>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item.focus>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item:hover>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.menu-item:hover>.sub-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:translateY(0);transition:opacity .2s ease,visibility .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.full-width-mega.menu-item.focus>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-up>.full-width-mega.menu-item:hover>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{-js-display:flex;display:flex}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item>.sub-menu .sub-menu{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transform:translateY(-.5em);transition:visibility .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item .menu-item.focus>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item .menu-item:hover>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item.focus>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item.focus>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item:hover>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.menu-item:hover>.sub-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:translateY(0);transition:opacity .2s ease,visibility .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.full-width-mega.menu-item.focus>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-slide-down>.full-width-mega.menu-item:hover>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{-js-display:flex;display:flex}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item>.sub-menu .sub-menu{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity ease-in-out .3s}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item .menu-item.focus>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item .menu-item:hover>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item.focus>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item.focus>.sub-menu,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item:hover>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.menu-item:hover>.sub-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transition:opacity ease-in-out .3s}.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.full-width-mega.menu-item.focus>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .astra-menu-animation-fade>.full-width-mega.menu-item:hover>.astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{-js-display:flex;display:flex}.ast-desktop .menu-item.ast-menu-hover>.sub-menu.toggled-on{opacity:1;visibility:visible} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A400%2C&display=fallback&ver=4.8.6' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0: var(--ast-global-color-0);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1: var(--ast-global-color-1);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2: var(--ast-global-color-2);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3: var(--ast-global-color-3);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4: var(--ast-global-color-4);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5: var(--ast-global-color-5);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6: var(--ast-global-color-6);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7: var(--ast-global-color-7);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8: var(--ast-global-color-8);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: var(--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size);--wp--style--global--wide-size: var(--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size); }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 24px; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 24px; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 24px;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 24px;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: none;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css-6-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-font-awesome/font-awesome/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?ver=1.8.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css-4-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-font-awesome/font-awesome/css/v4-shims.min.css?ver=1.8.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-frontend-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=4.15.18' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-flatpickr-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.css?ver=4.15.18' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-select2-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tribe-events-v2-single-skeleton-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/src/resources/css/tribe-events-single-skeleton.min.css?ver=6.8.2.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tribe-events-v2-single-skeleton-full-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/src/resources/css/tribe-events-single-full.min.css?ver=6.8.2.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tec-events-elementor-widgets-base-styles-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/src/resources/css/integrations/plugins/elementor/widgets/widget-base.min.css?ver=6.8.2.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-addon-css-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/astra-addon/astra-addon-673ff0cac02d47-76683423.css?ver=4.8.6' media='all' /> <style id='astra-addon-css-inline-css'> .main-header-bar{background-color:#36313a;background-image:none;}.main-header-menu .menu-link:hover,.ast-header-custom-item a:hover,.main-header-menu .menu-item:hover > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .menu-item.focus > .menu-link{color:#ff7802;}.main-header-menu .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items a:hover,.main-header-menu .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle,.main-header-menu .menu-item.focus > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#ff7802;}.main-header-menu,.main-header-menu .menu-link,.ast-header-custom-item,.ast-header-custom-item a,.ast-masthead-custom-menu-items,.ast-masthead-custom-menu-items a{color:#fcfcfc;}.main-navigation .sub-menu,.ast-header-break-point .main-header-menu .sub-menu{background-color:#36313a;}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-menu{background-color:#36313a;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field{border-radius:2px;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit{border-radius:2px;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form{border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-color:#ddd;border-radius:2px;}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-container{max-width:1240px;}}@media (min-width:993px){.ast-container{max-width:1240px;}}@media (min-width:1201px){.ast-container{max-width:1240px;}}.site-title,.site-title a{font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;}#secondary .widget-title,.woocommerce-page #secondary .widget .widget-title{font-size:20px;font-size:1.0526315789474rem;font-weight:600;font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:1.6em;}.secondary .widget > *:not(.widget-title){font-weight:600;font-size:16px;font-size:0.84210526315789rem;}.ast-small-footer{font-size:16px;font-size:0.84210526315789rem;}.blog .entry-title,.blog .entry-title a,.archive .entry-title,.archive .entry-title a,.search .entry-title,.search .entry-title a{font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;}.main-navigation{font-size:16px;font-size:0.84210526315789rem;font-weight:600;}.main-header-bar{line-height:1;}.ast-search-box.header-cover #close::before,.ast-search-box.full-screen #close::before{font-family:Astra;content:"\e5cd";display:inline-block;transition:transform .3s ease-in-out;}.site-header .ast-inline-search.ast-search-menu-icon .search-field {width: auto;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sia-2019-theme-css-css' href='https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/sia-2019-new/style.css?ver=1.0.23' media='all' /> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <!--[if IE]> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/js/minified/flexibility.min.js?ver=4.8.6" id="astra-flexibility-js"></script> <script id="astra-flexibility-js-after"> flexibility(document.documentElement); </script> <![endif]--> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=8.2.2" id="exactmetrics-frontend-script-js" async data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" id='exactmetrics-frontend-script-js-extra'>var exactmetrics_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"zip,mp3,mpeg,pdf,docx,pptx,xlsx,rar","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/sia.org.sg","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-XLQNMQX8B7"};</script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.js?ver=4.15.18" id="ppress-flatpickr-js"></script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.js?ver=4.15.18" id="ppress-select2-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://sia.org.sg/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://sia.org.sg/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/939" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://sia.org.sg/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://sia.org.sg/?p=939' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://sia.org.sg/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsia.org.sg%2Farchifest-2018-theme%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://sia.org.sg/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsia.org.sg%2Farchifest-2018-theme%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://sia.org.sg"><link rel="alternate" href="https://sia.org.sg/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" /><meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.25.9; features: additional_custom_breakpoints, e_optimized_control_loading; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-auto"> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <style id="wp-custom-css"> /** Start Block Kit CSS: 71-3-d415519effd9e11f35d2438c58ea7ebf **/ .envato-block__preview{overflow: visible;} /** End Block Kit CSS: 71-3-d415519effd9e11f35d2438c58ea7ebf **/ </style> </head> <body itemtype='https://schema.org/Blog' itemscope='itemscope' class="post-template-default single single-post postid-939 single-format-standard wp-custom-logo tribe-no-js ast-desktop ast-plain-container ast-left-sidebar astra-4.8.6 ast-header-custom-item-inside ast-full-width-primary-header group-blog ast-blog-single-style-1 ast-single-post ast-mobile-inherit-site-logo ast-inherit-site-logo-transparent ast-full-width-layout ast-sticky-header-shrink ast-inherit-site-logo-sticky ast-normal-title-enabled elementor-default elementor-kit-3033 astra-addon-4.8.6"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content" title="Skip to content"> Skip to content</a> <div class="hfeed site" id="page"> <header class="site-header ast-primary-submenu-animation-fade header-main-layout-1 ast-primary-menu-enabled ast-logo-title-inline ast-hide-custom-menu-mobile ast-menu-toggle-icon ast-mobile-header-inline" id="masthead" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" itemscope="itemscope" itemid="#masthead" > <div class="main-header-bar-wrap"> <div class="main-header-bar"> <div class="ast-container"> <div class="ast-flex main-header-container"> <div class="site-branding"> <div class="ast-site-identity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization" itemscope="itemscope" > <span class="site-logo-img"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="50" height="51" src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-e1534727866749-50x51.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Singapore Institute of Architects" decoding="async" srcset="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-e1534727866749-50x51.png 50w, https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sia-logo-e1534727866749.png 100w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></span><div class="ast-site-title-wrap"> <span class="site-title" itemprop="name"> <a href="https://sia.org.sg/" rel="home" itemprop="url" > Singapore Institute of Architects </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <!-- .site-branding --> <div class="ast-mobile-menu-buttons"> <div class="ast-button-wrap"> <button type="button" class="menu-toggle main-header-menu-toggle ast-mobile-menu-buttons-minimal " aria-controls='primary-menu' aria-expanded='false'> <span class="screen-reader-text">Main Menu</span> <span class="ast-icon icon-menu-bars"><span class="menu-toggle-icon"></span></span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="ast-main-header-bar-alignment"><div class="main-header-bar-navigation"><nav class="site-navigation ast-flex-grow-1 navigation-accessibility" id="primary-site-navigation" aria-label="Site Navigation" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope="itemscope"><div class="main-navigation"><ul id="primary-menu" class="main-header-menu ast-menu-shadow ast-nav-menu ast-flex ast-justify-content-flex-end submenu-with-border astra-menu-animation-fade "><li id="menu-item-2131" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2131"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">About</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-123" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-123"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/about-sia/" class="menu-link">About SIA</a></li> <li id="menu-item-124" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-124"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/contact-sia/" class="menu-link">Contact SIA</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2132" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2132"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">What’s On</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2163" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2163"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/latest-news/" class="menu-link">Latest News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6800" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6800"><a href="/calendar" class="menu-link">Calendar</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2134" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2134"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">Find An Architect</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2135" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2135"><a href="https://iamarchitect.sg" class="menu-link">I Am Architect</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2136" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2136"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">Awards</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2138" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2138"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/awards/" class="menu-link">Awards and Design Competitions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2243" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2243"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/awards/siaada2024/" class="menu-link">SIA Architectural Design Awards</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2139" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2139"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">Member</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-6217" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6217"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/membership/" class="menu-link">Membership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-15117" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15117"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/join-membership-form/" class="menu-link">Join Membership</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2142" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2142"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">Partner</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2143" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2143"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/cpd-calendar/about-cpd/" class="menu-link">About CPD</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2144" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2144"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/cpd-service-provider/" class="menu-link">CPD Accreditation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2145" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2145"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/enterprise-partner/" class="menu-link">Enterprise Partner</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2554" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2554"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/partnership-opportunities/" class="menu-link">Partnership Opportunities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2146" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2146"><a aria-expanded="false" href="#" class="menu-link">Resources</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-21987" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21987"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/SIA-blueprint-V.1-To-Publish-20240729.xlsx" class="menu-link">SIA Blueprint</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2141" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2141"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/publications/" class="menu-link">Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2147" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2147"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/architects-scope-of-service/" class="menu-link">Architect’s Scope of Service</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2148" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2148"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/practice/dispute-resolution/" class="menu-link">Alternative Dispute Resolution</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2188" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2188"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/abc-waters-professional-registry/" class="menu-link">ABC Waters Professional Registry</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2683" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2683"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/architecture-excellence-portal/" class="menu-link">Architecture Excellence Portal (AEP)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3775" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3775"><a href="https://singaporearchitect.sg/" class="menu-link">Singapore Architect</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6017" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6017"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/record-of-consensus-of-sia-members-on-service-procurement-topics/" class="menu-link">Record Of Consensus Of SIA Members On Service Procurement Topics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2171" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2171"><a href="https://smo.sia.org.sg" class="menu-link"><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="ast-masthead-custom-menu-items search-custom-menu-item"> <div class="ast-search-menu-icon slide-search" > <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://sia.org.sg/"> <label for="search-field"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" id="search-field" class="search-field" placeholder="Search..." value="" name="s" tabindex="-1"> </label> </form> <div class="ast-search-icon"> <a class="slide-search astra-search-icon" aria-label="Search icon link" href="#"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span> <span class="ast-icon icon-search"></span> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul></div></nav></div></div> </div><!-- Main Header Container --> </div><!-- ast-row --> </div> <!-- Main Header Bar --> </div> <!-- Main Header Bar Wrap --> </header><!-- #masthead --> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="ast-container"> <div class="widget-area secondary" id="secondary" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPSideBar" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="sidebar-main" > <aside id="categories-2" class="widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title">Categories</h2><nav aria-label="Categories"> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/i-am-architect/">I am Architect</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/members/">Members</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/partner/">Partner</a> </li> </ul> </nav></aside> </div><!-- .sidebar-main --> </div><!-- #secondary --> <div id="primary" class="content-area primary"> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <article class="post-939 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-i-am-architect tag-archifest tag-design tag-festival ast-article-single" id="post-939" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- single-layout-1"> <header class="entry-header "> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Archifest 2018: Theme</h1><div class="entry-meta"><span class="ast-terms-link"><a href="https://sia.org.sg/category/i-am-architect/" class="">I am Architect</a></span></div> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > <div id="js_j" class="_5pbx userContent _3576" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}"> <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-940 size-full" src="http://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Archifest-2018.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="340" /></p> </div> <div class="_3x-2" data-ft="{"tn":"H"}"> <div data-ft="{"tn":"H"}"> <div class="mtm"> <div> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Archifest 2018</strong></p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Archifest is an annual public architecture festival organised by the Singapore Institute of Architects, to celebrate the architecture and built environment.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">It is a platform to engage and bridge the public and various professions with the evolving role of Architects, to take action in our own capacities to make a positive impact for the good of humanity. Through our projects, multi-disciplinary collaborations, conferences, workshops and teaching, we hope to show that Design, when harnessed in the right way, has great potential to reflect the richness of human values, our history and development, and enhance the world we live in for our future generations.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Theme</strong></p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Design for Life</strong> is a theme which broadly encompasses the Architect’s vision to respond to the true needs of humanity. In a society where “more is more” and “new is better”, the world’s outlook does not look too favourable. There is a need for design to give back to the community and enrich human life as a whole. The main theme is elaborated in 3 sub-themes: <strong>Design for People</strong>, <strong>Design for Time</strong> and <strong>Design for Environment</strong>.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Design for People</strong> promotes better life & well-being. Much of the spotlight of Architecture has been shone on the award-winning mega-projects designed by famous architects, while the day-to-day architecture sits in its shadows. The irony of this is that although these projects are thought to be making the most impact in the design world, a large proportion of the population in Southeast Asia falls outside the reach of these iconic, spectacular buildings. Designing for the 99% may not be the most glamorous, but it certainly is a celebration of the non-spectacular. Domestic architecture, social housing, elderly care and humanitarian architecture are examples of projects which are often overlooked but are the backbone of an effective society. Close engagement with the community in the design-stage also has the potential for far-reaching effects. This bottom-up approach to designing opens up the dialogue to create spaces which promote people’s health, happiness and well-being. Not only are designers more in touch with the needs of the community, but community participation plays a part in the desacralization of the profession of Architecture.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Design for Time</strong> addresses the lifespan of building design. Few Architects design buildings thinking that it will soon be demolished. However, the reality of construction in Singapore is that there is a continual contest on whether the old should make way for the new, in the name of progress. Not only is this practice a strain on natural resources, but a part of history is inevitably lost in the rubble. The preservation of Modern architecture is likened to having a time capsule of the past, however, it is not as simple as burying a box in the ground. There has to be a conscious effort made to maintain buildings in their current state, to prevent further damage and slow down the process of deterioration. Designing for the long-haul also requires a new kind of Architecture which is in constant evolution over time, and is not just static until it is demolished. Projects can be developed in phases, or buildings readapted as its usage changes. Buildings ought to be living organisms which adapt to their surroundings, continually making an impact on the users which come and go.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Design for Environment</strong> enhances the life of our planet, flora and fauna. Society is accountable to live responsibly for the good of future generations by reducing energy consumption and waste. The excessive use of plastic in Singapore and the rest of the world has taken a tow on the ecosystem. Global warming is no longer a myth but a stark reality for many communities who have to deal with the grave consequences of natural disasters and sickness. Architects now have the responsibility to conceive and initiate ways to promote truly sustainable practices, be it in the form of using recyclable materials or designing low carbon footprint buildings. The materials used in buildings themselves can be extracted and reclaimed, rather than adding to the hefty demand for depleting resources. Hence sustainability is not merely switching out something for something else, but it is devising smart solutions to reduce our strain on the environment and to use materials prudently. As we continue to pride ourselves as a regional hub, Singapore’s geo-strategic location should allow us to see beyond economic benefits to create a better living environment for all.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- .entry-content .clear --> </div> </article><!-- #post-## --> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" aria-label="Post navigation"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Post navigation</span> <div class="nav-links"><div class="nav-previous"><a title="Archifest 2018: Winning Design for Archifest Pavilion Design Competition 2018" href="https://sia.org.sg/archifest-2018-winning-design-for-archifest-pavilion-design-competition-2018/" rel="prev"><span class="ast-left-arrow">←</span> Previous Post</a></div><div class="nav-next"><a title="SIA Members Night: Rewind on 30 August 2018" href="https://sia.org.sg/sia-members-night-rewind-on-30-august-2018/" rel="next">Next Post <span class="ast-right-arrow">→</span></a></div></div> </nav> </main><!-- #main --> </div><!-- #primary --> </div> <!-- ast-container --> </div><!-- #content --> <footer class="site-footer" id="colophon" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope="itemscope" itemid="#colophon" > </footer><!-- #colophon --> </div><!-- #page --> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"}};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript'> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <script id="astra-theme-js-js-extra"> var astra = {"break_point":"921","isRtl":"","is_scroll_to_id":"","is_scroll_to_top":"","is_header_footer_builder_active":"","responsive_cart_click":"flyout"}; </script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/js/minified/style.min.js?ver=4.8.6" id="astra-theme-js-js"></script> <script id="ppress-frontend-script-js-extra"> var pp_ajax_form = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/sia.org.sg\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","confirm_delete":"Are you sure?","deleting_text":"Deleting...","deleting_error":"An error occurred. Please try again.","nonce":"4651e92dc4","disable_ajax_form":"false","is_checkout":"0","is_checkout_tax_enabled":"0","is_checkout_autoscroll_enabled":"true"}; </script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=4.15.18" id="ppress-frontend-script-js"></script> <script id="astra-addon-js-js-extra"> var astraAddon = {"sticky_active":"","svgIconClose":"<span class=\"ast-icon icon-close\"><\/span>","header_main_stick":"","header_above_stick":"0","header_below_stick":"0","stick_header_meta":"","header_main_stick_meta":"","header_above_stick_meta":"","header_below_stick_meta":"","sticky_header_on_devices":"desktop","sticky_header_style":"none","sticky_hide_on_scroll":"0","break_point":"921","tablet_break_point":"768","mobile_break_point":"544","header_main_shrink":"1","header_logo_width":"","responsive_header_logo_width":{"desktop":"50","tablet":"","mobile":""},"stick_origin_position":"","site_layout":"ast-full-width-layout","site_content_width":"1240","site_layout_padded_width":"1200","site_layout_box_width":"1200","header_builder_active":"","component_limit":"10","is_header_builder_active":""}; </script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/astra-addon/astra-addon-673ff0cac08901-44248760.js?ver=4.8.6" id="astra-addon-js-js"></script> <script src="https://sia.org.sg/wp-content/plugins/astra-addon/assets/js/minified/purify.min.js?ver=4.8.6" id="astra-dom-purify-js"></script> <script> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script> </body> </html> <!-- Performance optimized by Redis Object Cache. Learn more: https://wprediscache.com Retrieved 4154 objects (786 KB) from Redis using PhpRedis (v6.0.2). -->