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capillaries</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: SiO2 capillaries"> <meta name="keywords" content="SiO2 capillaries"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="SiO2 capillaries"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 268</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: SiO2 capillaries</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">268</span> High Aspect Ratio Sio2 Capillary Based On Silicon Etching and Thermal Oxidation Process for Optical Modulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Van%20Toan">Nguyen Van Toan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suguru%20Sangu"> Suguru Sangu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuro%20Saito"> Tetsuro Saito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoki%20Inomata"> Naoki Inomata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahito%20Ono"> Takahito Ono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design and fabrication of an optical window for an optical modulator toward image sensing applications. An optical window consists of micrometer-order SiO2 capillaries (porous solid) that can modulate transmission light intensity by moving the liquid in and out of porous solid. A high optical transmittance of the optical window can be achieved due to refractive index matching when the liquid is penetrated into the porous solid. Otherwise, its light transmittance is lower because of light reflection and scattering by air holes and capillary walls. Silicon capillaries fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process are completely oxidized to form the SiO2 capillaries. Therefore, high aspect ratio SiO2 capillaries can be achieved based on silicon capillaries formed by DRIE technique. Large compressive stress of the oxide causes bending of the capillary structure, which is reduced by optimizing the design of device structure. The large stress of the optical window can be released via thin supporting beams. A 7.2 mm x 9.6 mm optical window area toward a fully integrated with the image sensor format is successfully fabricated and its optical transmittance is evaluated with and without inserting liquids (ethanol and matching oil). The achieved modulation range is approximately 20% to 35% with and without liquid penetration in visible region (wavelength range from 450 nm to 650 nm). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20oxidation%20process" title="thermal oxidation process">thermal oxidation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiO2%20capillaries" title=" SiO2 capillaries"> SiO2 capillaries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20window" title=" optical window"> optical window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20transmittance" title=" light transmittance"> light transmittance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20sensor" title=" image sensor"> image sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20penetration" title=" liquid penetration"> liquid penetration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23896/high-aspect-ratio-sio2-capillary-based-on-silicon-etching-and-thermal-oxidation-process-for-optical-modulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">267</span> Characterisation and in vitro Corrosion Resistance of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite: Silicon Oxide Coatings on 316L SS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurpreet%20Singh">Gurpreet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazoor%20Singh"> Hazoor Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buta%20Singh%20Sidhu"> Buta Singh Sidhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current investigation plasma spray technique was used for depositing hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA – silicon oxide (SiO2) coatings on 316L SS substrate. In HA-SiO2 coating, 20 wt% SiO2 was mixed with HA. The feedstock and coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The corrosion resistance of the uncoated, HA coated and HA + 20 wt% SiO2 coated 316L SS was investigated by electrochemical corrosion testing in simulated human body fluid (Ringer’s solution). The influence of SiO2 (20 wt%) on corrosion resistance was determined. After the corrosion testing, the samples were analyzed by XRD and SEM/EDX analyses. The addition of SiO2 reduces the crystallinity of the coating. The corrosion resistance of the 316L SS was found to increase after the deposition of the HA + 20 wt% SiO2 and HA coatings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HA" title="HA">HA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiO2" title=" SiO2"> SiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ringer%E2%80%99s%20solution" title=" Ringer’s solution"> Ringer’s solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=316L%20SS" title=" 316L SS"> 316L SS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9141/characterisation-and-in-vitro-corrosion-resistance-of-plasma-sprayed-hydroxyapatite-and-hydroxyapatite-silicon-oxide-coatings-on-316l-ss" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">266</span> Extraction of Amorphous SiO₂ From Equisetnm Arvense Plant for Synthesis of SiO₂/Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Nanocomposite and Its Photocatalytic Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Azari">Babak Azari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshin%20Pourahmad"> Afshin Pourahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Sadeghi"> Babak Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masuod%20Mokhtari"> Masuod Mokhtari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, Equisetnm arvense plant extract was used for preparing amorphous SiO₂. For preparing of SiO₂/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocomposite by solvothermal method, the synthesized SiO₂ was added to the synthesis mixture ZIF-8. The nanocomposite was characterized using a range of techniques. The photocatalytic activity of SiO₂/ZIF-8 was investigated systematically by degrading crystal violet as a cationic dye under Ultraviolet light irradiation. Among synthesized samples (SiO₂, ZIF-8 and SiO₂/ZIF-8), the SiO₂/ZIF-8 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity and improved stability compared to pure SiO₂ and ZIF-8. As evidenced by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy images, ZIF-8 particles without aggregation are located over SiO₂. The SiO₂ not only provides structured support for ZIF-8 but also prevents the aggregation of ZIF-8 Metal-organic framework in comparison to the isolated ZIF-8. The superior activity of this photocatalyst was attributed to the synergistic effects from SiO₂ owing to (I) an electron acceptor (from ZIF-8) and an electron donor (to O₂ molecules), (II) preventing recombination of electron-hole in ZIF-8, and (III) maximum interfacial contact ZIF-8 with the SiO₂ surface without aggregation or prevent the accumulation of ZIF-8. The results demonstrate that holes (h+) and •O₂- are primary reactive species involved in the photocatalytic oxidation process. Moreover, the SiO₂/ZIF-8 photocatalyst did not show any obvious loss of photocatalytic activity during five-cycle tests, which indicates that the heterostructured photocatalyst was highly stable and could be used repeatedly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano" title="nano">nano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolit" title=" zeolit"> zeolit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potocatalist" title=" potocatalist"> potocatalist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169098/extraction-of-amorphous-sio2-from-equisetnm-arvense-plant-for-synthesis-of-sio2zeolitic-imidazolate-framework-8-nanocomposite-and-its-photocatalytic-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">265</span> Propylene Self-Metathesis to Ethylene and Butene over WOx/SiO2, Effect of Nano-Sized Extra Supports (SiO2 and TiO2)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adisak%20Guntida">Adisak Guntida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Propylene self-metathesis to ethylene and butene was studied over WOx/SiO2 catalysts at 450 °C and atmospheric pressure. The WOx/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of ammonium metatungstate aqueous solution. It was found that, adding nano-sized extra supports (SiO2 and TiO2) by physical mixing with the WOx/SiO2 enhanced propylene conversion. The UV-Vis and FT-Raman results revealed that WOx could migrate from the original silica support to the extra support, leading to a better dispersion of WOx. The ICP-OES results also indicate that WOx existed on the extra support. Coke formation was investigated on the catalysts after 10 h time-on-stream by TPO. However, adding nano-sized extra supports led to higher coke formation which may be related to acidity as characterized by NH3-TPD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extra%20support" title="extra support">extra support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomaterial" title=" nanomaterial"> nanomaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propylene%20self-metathesis" title=" propylene self-metathesis"> propylene self-metathesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tungsten%20oxide" title=" tungsten oxide"> tungsten oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25494/propylene-self-metathesis-to-ethylene-and-butene-over-woxsio2-effect-of-nano-sized-extra-supports-sio2-and-tio2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">264</span> Wear Characteristics of Al Based Composites Fabricated with Nano Silicon Carbide Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Koushki%20Ardestani">Mohammad Reza Koushki Ardestani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Daneshmand"> Saeed Daneshmand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Heydari%20Vini"> Mohammad Heydari Vini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, AA7075/SiO2 composites have been fabricated via liquid metallurgy process. Using the degassing process, the wet ability of the molten aluminum alloys increased which improved the bonding between aluminum matrix and reinforcement (SiO2) particles. AA7075 alloy and SiO2 particles were taken as the base matrix and reinforcements, respectively. Then, contents of 2.5 and 5 wt. % of SiO2 subdivisions were added into the AA7075 matrix. To improve wettability and distribution, reinforcement particles were pre-heated to a temperature of 550°C for each composite sample. A uniform distribution of SiO2 particles was observed through the matrix alloy in the microstructural study. A hardened EN32 steel disc as the counter face was used to evaluate the wear rate pin-on-disc, a wear testing machine containing. The results showed that the wear rate of the AA/SiO2 composites was lesser than that of the monolithic AA7075 samples. Finally, The SEM worn surfaces of samples were investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al7075" title="Al7075">Al7075</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiO%E2%82%82" title=" SiO₂"> SiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites" title=" composites"> composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stir%20casting" title=" stir casting"> stir casting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178160/wear-characteristics-of-al-based-composites-fabricated-with-nano-silicon-carbide-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">263</span> Preparation of Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Composite by Wet Chemical Process for Phycobiliproteins Adsorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Jen%20Chen">Shu-Jen Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Chien%20Wan"> Yi-Chien Wan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruey-Chi%20Wang"> Ruey-Chi Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) can be applied to the fabrication of bone replacement materials, the composite of dental filling, and the adsorption of biomolecules and dyes. The integration of HAp and magnetic materials would offer several advantages for bio-separation process because the magnetic adsorbents is capable of recovered by applied magnetic field. C-phycocyanin (C-PC) and Allophycocyanin (APC), isolated from Spirulina platensis, can be used in fluorescent labeling probes, health care foods and clinical diagnostic reagents. Although the purification of C-PC and APC are reported by HAp adsorption, the adsorption of C-PC and APC by magnetic HAp composites was not reported yet. Therefore, the fabrication of HAp with magnetic silica nanoparticles for proteins adsorption was investigated in this work. First, the magnetic silica particles were prepared by covering silica layer on Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a reverse micelle method. Then, the Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were mixed with calcium carbonate to obtain magnetic silica/calcium carbonate composites (Fe3O4@SiO2/CaCO3). The Fe3O4@SiO2/CaCO3 was further reacted with K2HPO4 for preparing the magnetic silica/hydroxyapatite composites (Fe3O4@SiO2/HAp). The adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@SiO2/HAp toward C-PC and APC were highest at pH 6. The adsorption of C-PC and APC by Fe3O4@SiO2/HAp could be correlated by the pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemical adsorption dominating the adsorption process. Furthermore, the adsorption data showed that the adsorption of Fe3O4@SiO2/HAp toward C-PC and APC followed the Langmuir isotherm. The isoelectric points of C-PC and APC were around 5.0. Additionally, the zeta potential data showed the Fe3O4@SiO2/HAp composite was negative charged at pH 6. Accordingly, the adsorption mechanism of Fe3O4@SiO2/HAp toward C-PC and APC should be governed by hydrogen bonding rather than electrostatic interaction. On the other hand, as compared to C-PC, the Fe3O4@SiO2/HAp shows higher adsorption affinity toward APC. Although the Fe3O4@SiO2/HAp cannot recover C-PC and APC from Spirulina platensis homogenate, the Fe3O4@SiO2/HAp can be applied to separate C-PC and APC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyapatite" title="hydroxyapatite">hydroxyapatite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic" title=" magnetic"> magnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-phycocyanin" title=" C-phycocyanin"> C-phycocyanin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allophycocyanin" title=" allophycocyanin"> allophycocyanin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96630/preparation-of-magnetic-hydroxyapatite-composite-by-wet-chemical-process-for-phycobiliproteins-adsorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">262</span> The Effect of the Calcination Temperature and SiO2 Addition on the Physical Properties’ of Sol Gel TiO2 Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nour%20El%20Houda%20Arabi">Nour El Houda Arabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20Iratni"> Aicha Iratni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talaighil%20Razika"> Talaighil Razika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Capoen"> Bruno Capoen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Bouazaoui"> Mohamed Bouazaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we report the effect of the calcination temperature and SiO2 addition on structural, optical and hydrophilicity of TiO2 films deposited by deep-coating sol-gel process. XRD investigation of the structural TiO2 films with increasing the temperature calcination, reveals that rutile phase will appear for the high temperature (>1000°C). However, the addition of SiO2 relate the densification of TiO2 films. Ellipsometric and UV-visible measure show that the refractive index grow with increasing temperature, against the film thickness decreases. On the other hand, the addition of SiO2 decreases the refractive index and increases the TiO2 film thickness. Finally, the hydrophilicity is assisted by contact angle measurement. It is found that addition of 50% of SiO2 to TiO2 is most effective for reducing the contact angle of water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties" title="physical properties">physical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol" title=" sol"> sol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gel" title=" gel"> gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO2%2FSiO2%20composite%20films" title=" TiO2/SiO2 composite films"> TiO2/SiO2 composite films</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24780/the-effect-of-the-calcination-temperature-and-sio2-addition-on-the-physical-properties-of-sol-gel-tio2-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">261</span> Anti-Reflective Nanostructured TiO2/SiO2 Multilayer Coatings </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najme%20lari">Najme lari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrokh%20Ahangarani"> Shahrokh Ahangarani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Shanaghi"> Ali Shanaghi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multilayer structure of thin films by the sol–gel process attracts great attention for antireflection applications. In this paper, antireflective nanometric multilayer SiO2-TiO2 films are formed on both sides of the glass substrates by combining the sol–gel method and the dip-coating technique. SiO2 and TiO2 sols were prepared using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and tetrabutylorthotitanate (TBOT) as precursors and also nitric acid as catalyst. Prepared coatings were investigated by Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier-transformed infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) and UV–visible spectrophotometer. After evaluation, all of SiO2 top layer coatings showed excellent antireflection in the wavelength range of 400-800 nm where the transmittance of glass substrate is significantly lower. By increasing the number of double TiO2-SiO2 layers, the transmission of the coated glass increases due to applied multilayer coating properties. 6-layer sol–gel TiO2-SiO2 shows the highest visible transmittance about 99.25% at the band of 550-650 nm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title="thin films">thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer" title=" multilayer"> multilayer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24215/anti-reflective-nanostructured-tio2sio2-multilayer-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">260</span> Phenolic-Based Chemical Production from Catalytic Depolymerization of Alkaline Lignin over Fumed Silica Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Totong">S. Totong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Daorattanachai"> P. Daorattanachai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Laosiripojana"> N. Laosiripojana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lignin depolymerization into phenolic-based chemicals is an interesting process for utilizing and upgrading a benefit and value of lignin. In this study, the depolymerization reaction was performed to convert alkaline lignin into smaller molecule compounds. Fumed SiO₂ was used as a catalyst to improve catalytic activity in lignin decomposition. The important parameters in depolymerization process (i.e., reaction temperature, reaction time, etc.) were also investigated. In addition, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), flame-ironized detector (GC-FID), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to analyze and characterize the lignin products. It was found that fumed SiO₂ catalyst led the good catalytic activity in lignin depolymerization. The main products from catalytic depolymerization were guaiacol, syringol, vanillin, and phenols. Additionally, metal supported on fumed SiO₂ such as Cu/SiO₂ and Ni/SiO₂ increased the catalyst activity in terms of phenolic products yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20lignin" title="alkaline lignin">alkaline lignin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic" title=" catalytic"> catalytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depolymerization" title=" depolymerization"> depolymerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fumed%20SiO%E2%82%82" title=" fumed SiO₂"> fumed SiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic-based%20chemicals" title=" phenolic-based chemicals"> phenolic-based chemicals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92073/phenolic-based-chemical-production-from-catalytic-depolymerization-of-alkaline-lignin-over-fumed-silica-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">259</span> Sol-Gel SiO2-TiO2 Multilayer Coatings for Anti-Reflective Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najme%20Lari">Najme Lari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrokh%20Ahangarani"> Shahrokh Ahangarani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Shanaghi"> Ali Shanaghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multilayer structure of thin films by the sol–gel process attracts great attention for antireflection applications. In this paper, antireflective nanometric multilayer SiO2-TiO2 films are formed on both sides of the glass substrates by combining the sol–gel method and the dip-coating technique. SiO2 and TiO2 sols were prepared using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and tetrabutylorthotitanate (TBOT) as precursors and nitric acid as catalyst. Prepared coatings were investigated by Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier-transformed infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) and UV–visible spectrophotometer. After evaluation, all of SiO2 top layer coatings showed excellent antireflection in the wavelength range of 400-800 nm where the transmittance of glass substrate is significantly lower. By increasing the number of double TiO2-SiO2 layers, the transmission of the coated glass increases due to applied multilayer coating properties. 6-layer sol–gel TiO2-SiO2 shows the highest visible transmittance about 99.25% at the band of 550-650 nm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title="thin films">thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer" title=" multilayer"> multilayer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23276/sol-gel-sio2-tio2-multilayer-coatings-for-anti-reflective-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">258</span> Synthesis of a Hybrid Material (PVA/SiO₂/TiO₂) by Sol-Gel Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gueridi%20Bachir">Gueridi Bachir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dadache%20Derradji"> Dadache Derradji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rouabah%20Farid"> Rouabah Farid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work is focused on the preparation and characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol)/silica gel/Nano-TiO₂, and the study of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles 1% on the properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/silica films. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), water contact angle, ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-VIS)) were used to characterize the hybrid films obtained. The PVA/SiO₂/Nano-TiO₂ films were successfully synthesized. Owing to the FT-IR Analysis, the chemical bonds have clearly shown that the PVA backbone is linked to the (SiO₂-TiO₂) network. UV-VIS tests indicated that the hybrid films' UV shielding properties were drastically enhanced as a result of the addition of TiO₂. The water contact angle results revealed that TiO₂ nanoparticles used as a doping compound possess an important influence on the hydrophilicity of PVA/SiO₂ as thin films. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20method" title="sol-gel method">sol-gel method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20materials" title=" hybrid materials"> hybrid materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVA%2FSIO%E2%82%82%2FTiO%E2%82%82" title=" PVA/SIO₂/TiO₂"> PVA/SIO₂/TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroscopical%20characterization" title=" spectroscopical characterization"> spectroscopical characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194584/synthesis-of-a-hybrid-material-pvasio2tio2-by-sol-gel-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">257</span> Impacts of CuO, TiO2, SiO2 Nanoparticles on Biological Phosphorus Removal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Shiu">H. Shiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.S.%20Lu"> M.S. Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.P.%20Tsai"> Y.P. Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored the impacts of CuO, TiO2, SiO2 nanoparticles on biological phosphorus removal. Experimental results showed that the phosphorus removal ability of phosphorus accumulating organism (PAO) was initially inhibited when CuO nanoparticle concentration was 5 mgl-1. The inhibition of phosphorus removal for 1000 mgl-1 of TiO2 with sunlight was higher than without sunlight case. The inhibition of phosphorus removal began at 500 mgl-1 SiO2 nanoparticle concentration. Inhibition became apparent when SiO2 nanoparticle concentration was up to 1000 mgl-1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20copper%20oxide" title="nano copper oxide">nano copper oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20titanium%20dioxide" title=" nano titanium dioxide"> nano titanium dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20silica" title=" nano silica"> nano silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20biological%20phosphate%20removal" title=" enhanced biological phosphate removal"> enhanced biological phosphate removal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6388/impacts-of-cuo-tio2-sio2-nanoparticles-on-biological-phosphorus-removal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">256</span> Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/TiO₂ Nanoparticles as Catalyst for Recovery of Gold from the Mixture of Au(III) and Cu(II) Ions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eko%20S.%20Kunarti">Eko S. Kunarti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhmad%20Syoufian"> Akhmad Syoufian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indriana%20Kartini"> Indriana Kartini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agnes"> Agnes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/TiO₂ nanoparticles have been synthesized and applied as a photocatalyst for the recovery of gold from the mixture of Au(III) and Cu(II) ions. The synthesis was started by the preparation of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) using coprecipitation and sonication methods, followed by SiO₂ coating on magnetite using sol-gel reactions, and then TiO₂ coating using sol-gel process. Characterization was performed by using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy methods. Activity of Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/TiO₂ nanoparticles was evaluated as a photocatalyst for recovery of gold through photoreduction of Au(III) ions in Au(III) and Cu(II) ions mixture with a ratio of 1:1, in a closed reactor equipped with UV lamp. The photoreduction yield was represented as a percentage (%) of reduced Au(III) which was calculated by substraction of initial Au(III) concentration by the unreduced one. The unreduced Au(III) was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results showed that the Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/TiO₂ nanoparticles were successfully synthesised with excellent magnetic and photocatalytic properties. The nanoparticles present optimum activity at a pH of 5 under UV irradiation for 120 minutes. At the optimum condition, the Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/TiO₂ nanoparticles could reduce Au³⁺ to Au⁰ 97.24%. In the mixture of Au(III) and Cu(II) ions, the Au(III) ions are more easily reducible than Cu(II) ions with the reduction results of 96.9% and 45.80% for Au(III) and Cu(II) ions, respectively. In addition, the presence of Cu(II) ions has no significant effect on the amount of gold recovered and its reduction reaction rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%E2%82%83O%E2%82%84%2FSiO%E2%82%82%2FTiO%E2%82%82" title="Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/TiO₂">Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalyst" title=" photocatalyst"> photocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery" title=" recovery"> recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold" title=" gold"> gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Au%28III%29%20and%20Cu%28II%29%20mixture" title=" Au(III) and Cu(II) mixture"> Au(III) and Cu(II) mixture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84909/fe3o4sio2tio2-nanoparticles-as-catalyst-for-recovery-of-gold-from-the-mixture-of-auiii-and-cuii-ions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">255</span> The Effect of Parameters on Production of NİO/Al2O3/B2O3/SiO2 Composite Nanofibers by Using Sol-Gel Processing and Electrospinning Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Sevim">F. Sevim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Sevimli"> E. Sevimli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Demir"> F. Demir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20%C3%87alban"> T. Çalban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For the first time, nanofibers of PVA /nickel nitrate/silica/alumina izopropoxide/boric acid composite were prepared by using sol-gel processing and electrospinning technique. By high temperature calcinations of the above precursor fibers, nanofibers of NiO/Al2O3/B2O3/SiO2 composite with diameters of 500 nm could be successfully obtained. The fibers were characterized by TG/DTA, FT-IR, XRD and SEM analyses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20fibers" title="nano fibers">nano fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiO%2FAl2O3%2FB2O3%2FSiO2%20composite" title=" NiO/Al2O3/B2O3/SiO2 composite"> NiO/Al2O3/B2O3/SiO2 composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20processing" title=" sol-gel processing"> sol-gel processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro%20spinning" title=" electro spinning "> electro spinning </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28306/the-effect-of-parameters-on-production-of-nioal2o3b2o3sio2-composite-nanofibers-by-using-sol-gel-processing-and-electrospinning-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">254</span> Structural and Optical Characterization of Rice-Husk-Derived SiO₂ Crystals-reinforced PVA Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suminar%20Pratapa">Suminar Pratapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agus%20Riyanto"> Agus Riyanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silmi%20Machmudah"> Silmi Machmudah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Yani%20Purwaningsih"> Sri Yani Purwaningsih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to investigate the optical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and its prospective applications by adding crystalline silica which is usually used as a reinforcing agent. To do this, we synthesized and evaluated PVA-based composites reinforced with silica crystals, namely cristobalite, derived from rice husk. The experimental procedure involved the production of SiO2 particles using rice husk precursors, which were subsequently subjected to calcination at a rate of 10 °C/min for a duration of 3 hours. This process primarily resulted in the formation of SiO2 crystals in the cristobalite phase, according to X-ray diffraction (XRD). Following this, the crystals were incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) via a casting technique, resulting in the formation of composite sheets. The SiO2 contents in the composites were 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.%. XRD and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques provided confirmation of the composites' successful synthesis, i.e., it did not yield any indications of chemical bonding between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and silicon dioxide (SiO2), indicating that the interaction was limited to interfacial reactions. The incorporation of SiO2 crystals resulted in a notable enhancement in UV-vis light absorption and a decrease in the optical band gap. Addition of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.% SiO2, for example, decreases the direct optical band gap of the composites form 5.37, 5.19, and 5.02 eV respectively, while the indirect band gaps of the samples were 4.44, 4.84, and 4.48 eV, correspondingly. These findings emphasize the efficacy of rice husk-derived SiO2 crystals as both reinforcement agents and modifiers of optical properties in the polymer composites, showcasing their significant potential to modify the composite's structural and optical characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk" title="rice husk">rice husk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cristaline%20SiO%E2%82%82" title=" cristaline SiO₂"> cristaline SiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVA-based%20composites" title=" PVA-based composites"> PVA-based composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20characteristics" title=" structural characteristics"> structural characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties." title=" optical properties."> optical properties.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185287/structural-and-optical-characterization-of-rice-husk-derived-sio2-crystals-reinforced-pva-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">253</span> Preparation and Characterization of TiO₂-SiO₂ Composite Films on Plastics Using Aqueous Peroxotitanium Acid Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayu%20Minamizawa">Ayu Minamizawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Ho%20Kim"> Jae-Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susumu%20Yonezawa"> Susumu Yonezawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aqueous peroxotitanium acid solution was prepared by the reaction between H₂O₂ solution and TiO₂ fluorinated using F₂ gas. The coating of TiO₂/SiO₂ multilayer on the surface of polycarbonate (PC) resin was carried out step by step using the TEOS solution and aqueous peroxotitanium acid solution. We confirmed each formation of SiO₂ and TiO₂ layer by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. The formation of a TiO₂ thin layer on SiO₂ coated on polycarbonate (PC) was carried out at 120 ℃ and for 15 min ~ 3 h with aqueous peroxotitanium acid solution using a hydrothermal synthesis autoclave reactor. The morphology TiO₂ coating layer largely depended on the reaction time, as shown in the results of SEM-EDS analysis. Increasing the reaction times, the TiO₂ layer expanded uniformly. Moreover, the surface fluorination of the SiO₂ layer can promote the formation of the TiO₂ layer on the surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20peroxotitanium%20acid%20solution" title="aqueous peroxotitanium acid solution">aqueous peroxotitanium acid solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic%20activity" title=" photocatalytic activity"> photocatalytic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycarbonate" title=" polycarbonate"> polycarbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20fluorination" title=" surface fluorination"> surface fluorination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152872/preparation-and-characterization-of-tio2-sio2-composite-films-on-plastics-using-aqueous-peroxotitanium-acid-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">252</span> Iron Catalyst for Decomposition of Methane: Influence of Al/Si Ratio Support</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Al-Fatesh">A. S. Al-Fatesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Ibrahim"> A. A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20AlSharekh"> A. M. AlSharekh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20S.%20Alqahtani"> F. S. Alqahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20O.%20Kasim"> S. O. Kasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Fakeeha"> A. H. Fakeeha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen is the expected future fuel since it produces energy without any pollution. It can be used as a fuel directly or through the fuel cell. It is also used in chemical and petrochemical industry as reducing agent or in hydrogenation processes. It is produced by different methods such as reforming of hydrocarbon, electrolytic method and methane decomposition. The objective of the present paper is to study the decomposition of methane reaction at 700°C and 800°C. The catalysts were prepared via impregnation method using 20%Fe and different proportions of combined alumina and silica support using the following ratios [100%, 90%, 80%, and 0% Al₂O₃/SiO₂]. The prepared catalysts were calcined and activated at 600 OC and 500 OC respectively. The reaction was carried out in fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure using 0.3g of catalyst and feed gas ratio of 1.5/1 CH₄/N₂ with a total flow rate 25 mL/min. Catalyst characterizations (TPR, TGA, BET, XRD, etc.) have been employed to study the behavior of catalysts before and after the reaction. Moreover, a brief description of the weight loss and the CH₄ conversions versus time on stream relating the different support ratios over 20%Fe/Al₂O₃/SiO₂ catalysts has been added as well. The results of TGA analysis provided higher weights losses for catalysts operated at 700°C than 800°C. For the 90% Al₂O₃/SiO₂, the activity decreases with the time on stream using 800°C reaction temperature from 73.9% initial CH₄ conversion to 46.3% for a period of 300min, whereas the activity for the same catalyst increases from 47.1% to 64.8% when 700°C reaction temperature is employed. Likewise, for 80% Al₂O₃/SiO₂ the trend of activity is similar to that of 90% Al₂O₃/SiO₂ but with a different rate of activity variation. It can be inferred from the activity results that the ratio of Al₂O₃ to SiO₂ is crucial and it is directly proportional with the activity. Whenever the Al/Si ratio decreases the activity declines. Indeed, the CH₄ conversion of 100% SiO₂ support was less than 5%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%E2%82%82O%E2%82%83" title="Al₂O₃">Al₂O₃</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiO%E2%82%82" title=" SiO₂"> SiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CH%E2%82%84%20decomposition" title=" CH₄ decomposition"> CH₄ decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron" title=" iron "> iron </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88020/iron-catalyst-for-decomposition-of-methane-influence-of-alsi-ratio-support" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">251</span> Zinc Oxid Nanotubes Modified by SiO2 as a Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-Ones</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakhshan%20Hakimelahi">Rakhshan Hakimelahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, zinc oxid nano tubes have attracted much attention. The direct use of zinc oxid nano tubes modified by SiO2 as recoverable catalysts for organic reactions is very rare. The catalysts were characterized by XRD. The average particle size of ZnO catalysts is 57 nm and there are high density defects on nano tubes surfaces. A simple and efficient method for the quinazolin derivatives synthesis from the condensation isatoic anhydride and an aromatic aldehyde with ammonium acetate in the presence of a catalytic amount zinc oxid nano tubes modified by SiO2 is described. The reason proposed for higher catalytic activity of zinc oxid nano tubes modified by SiO2 is a combination effect of the small particle size and high-density surface defects. The practical and simple method led to excellent yields of the 2,3-Di hydro quinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives under mild conditions and within short times. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2" title="2">2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-Dihydroquinazolin-4%281H%29-one%20derivatives" title="3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives">3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reusable%20catalyst" title=" reusable catalyst"> reusable catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiO2" title=" SiO2"> SiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxid%20nanotubes" title=" zinc oxid nanotubes"> zinc oxid nanotubes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57045/zinc-oxid-nanotubes-modified-by-sio2-as-a-recyclable-catalyst-for-the-synthesis-of-23-dihydroquinazolin-41h-ones" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">250</span> Comparative Study of Ni Catalysts Supported by Silica and Modified by Metal Additions Co and Ce for The Steam Reforming of Methane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Zazi">Ali Zazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouiza%20Cherifi"> Ouiza Cherifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Catalysts materials Ni-SiO₂, Ni-Co-SiO₂ and Ni-Ce-SiO₂ were synthetized by classical method impregnation and supported by silica. This involves combing the silica with an adequate rate of the solution of nickel nitrates, or nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate, or nickel nitrate and cerium nitrate, mixed, dried and calcined at 700 ° c. These catalysts have been characterized by different physicochemical analysis techniques. The atomic absorption spectrometry indicates that the real contents of nickel, cerium and cobalt are close to the theoretical contents previously assumed, which let's say that the nitrate solutions have impregnated well the silica support. The BET results show that the surface area of the specific surfaces decreases slightly after impregnation with nickel nitrates or Co and Ce metals and a further slight decrease after the reaction. This is likely due to coke deposition. X-ray diffraction shows the presence of the different SiO₂ and NiO phases for all catalysts—theCoO phase for that promoted by Co and the Ce₂O₂ phase for that promoted by Ce. The methane steam reforming reaction was carried out on a quartz reactor in a fixed bed. Reactants and products of the reaction were analyzed by a gas chromatograph. This study shows that the metal addition of Cerium or Cobalt improves the majority of the catalytic performance of Ni for the steam reforming reaction of methane. And we conclude the classification of our Catalysts in order of decreasing activity and catalytic performances as follows: Ni-Ce / SiO₂ >Ni-Co / SiO₂> Ni / SiO₂ . <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerium" title="cerium">cerium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt" title=" cobalt"> cobalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20catalysis" title=" heterogeneous catalysis"> heterogeneous catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane" title=" methane"> methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steam%20reforming" title=" steam reforming"> steam reforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis%20gas" title=" synthesis gas"> synthesis gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140128/comparative-study-of-ni-catalysts-supported-by-silica-and-modified-by-metal-additions-co-and-ce-for-the-steam-reforming-of-methane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">249</span> Multifunctional Coating of Nylon Using Nano-Si, Nano-Ti and SiO2-TiO2 Nancomposite :Properties of Colorimetric and Flammability </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Fereydouni">E. Fereydouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laleh%20Maleknia"> Laleh Maleknia </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Olya"> M. E. Olya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present research, nylon fabric dyed by pressure method with nano-Si, nano-Ti particles and SiO2-TiO2 nancomposite. The influence of the amount of Si, Ti and SiO2-TiO2 on the performance of nylon fabric was investigated by the use of Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), horizontal flammability apparatus (HFA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX), water contact angle tester (WCA) and CIE LAB colorimetric system. The possible interactions between particles and nylon fiber were elucidated by the FTIR spectroscopy. Results indicated that the stabilized nanoparticles and nanocomposite enhances flame retardancy of nylon fabrics. Also, the prominet features of nanoparticles and nanocomposite treatment can note increase of adsorption and fixation of dye. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-Si" title="nano-Si">nano-Si</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-%20Ti" title=" nano- Ti"> nano- Ti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiO2-TiO2%20nancomposite" title=" SiO2-TiO2 nancomposite"> SiO2-TiO2 nancomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nylon%20fabric" title=" nylon fabric"> nylon fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20retardant%20nylon" title=" flame retardant nylon"> flame retardant nylon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35340/multifunctional-coating-of-nylon-using-nano-si-nano-ti-and-sio2-tio2-nancomposite-properties-of-colorimetric-and-flammability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">248</span> Pre-Lithiation of SiO₂ Nanoparticles-Based Anode for Lithium Ion Battery Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soraya%20Hoornam">Soraya Hoornam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeinab%20Sanaee"> Zeinab Sanaee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lithium-ion batteries are widely used for providing energy for mobile electronic devices. Graphite is a traditional anode material that was used in almost all commercialized lithium-ion batteries. It gives a specific capacity of 372 mAh/g for lithium storage. But there are multiple better choices for storing lithium that propose significantly higher specific capacities. As an example, silicon-based materials can be mentioned. In this regard, SiO₂ material can offer a huge specific capacity of 1965 mAh/g. Due to this high lithium storage ability, large volume change occurs in this electrode material during insertion and extraction of lithium, which may lead to cracking and destruction of the electrode. The use of nanomaterials instead of bulk material can significantly solve this problem. In addition, if we insert lithium in the active material of the battery before its cycling, which is called pre-lithiation, a further enhancement in the performance is expected. Here, we have fabricated an anode electrode of the battery using SiO₂ nanomaterial mixed with Graphite and assembled a lithium-ion battery half-cell with this electrode. Next, a pre-lithiation was performed on the SiO₂ nanoparticle-containing electrode, and the resulting anode material was investigated. This electrode has great potential for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiO%E2%82%82%20nanoparticles" title="SiO₂ nanoparticles">SiO₂ nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium-ion%20battery" title=" lithium-ion battery"> lithium-ion battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-lithiation" title=" pre-lithiation"> pre-lithiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anode%20material" title=" anode material"> anode material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158363/pre-lithiation-of-sio2-nanoparticles-based-anode-for-lithium-ion-battery-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">247</span> Rare Earth Metal Ion-Doped SiO2 Nanocomposite Membranes for Gas Separation in Steam Atmosphere</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Hasan%20Zahir">Md. Hasan Zahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Y2O3-doped silica membranes were synthesized with the sol-gel method by using a tetraethyl orthosilicate-derived sol mixed with yttrium nitrate hexahydrate. These solutions were used to fabricate hydrogen separation microporous membranes with a sandwich-type structure on γ-Al2O3 supported by tubular α-Al2O3. Pore size distribution measurements were conducted directly on the membranes before and after hydrothermal treatment with a nano-permporometer. The gas permeance properties of the membranes were measured in the temperature range 100–500°C. The Y-doped SiO2 membrane (Si/Y = 3/1) was found to exhibit asymptotically stable permeances of 2.39×10-7 mol m-2 s -1 Pa-1 for He and 6.19 ×10-10 mol m-2 s -1 Pa-1 for CO2, with a high selectivity of 386 (He/CO2) at 500°C for 20 h in the presence of steam. The Y-doped silica membranes exhibit very high gas permeances for molecules with smaller kinetic diameters. The apparent activation energies of the H2 permeance at 400°C were 24.2±0.2 and 21.3±0.7 kJ mol−1 for SiO2 and Si/Y, respectively. Very high permeances were obtained for N2 and O2, 2.2 and 5 × 10-8 mol m-2 s -1 Pa-1 respectively, which demonstrates that these materials are promising air purification and/or separation systems that block larger impurity molecules by molecular sieving effects. Y-doped SiO2 exhibits greater hydrothermal stability at high temperatures and higher selectivity than SiO2 membranes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20membrane" title="ceramic membrane">ceramic membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20separation" title=" gas separation"> gas separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrothermal%20stability" title=" hydrothermal stability"> hydrothermal stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20earth%20doped-Silica" title=" rare earth doped-Silica"> rare earth doped-Silica</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47085/rare-earth-metal-ion-doped-sio2-nanocomposite-membranes-for-gas-separation-in-steam-atmosphere" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">246</span> Angiogenesis and Blood Flow: The Role of Blood Flow in Proliferation and Migration of Endothelial Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Bazmara">Hossein Bazmara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaamran%20Raahemifar"> Kaamran Raahemifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Sefidgar"> Mostafa Sefidgar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madjid%20Soltani"> Madjid Soltani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Angiogenesis is formation of new blood vessels from existing vessels. Due to flow of blood in vessels, during angiogenesis, blood flow plays an important role in regulating the angiogenesis process. Multiple mathematical models of angiogenesis have been proposed to simulate the formation of the complicated network of capillaries around a tumor. In this work, a multi-scale model of angiogenesis is developed to show the effect of blood flow on capillaries and network formation. This model spans multiple temporal and spatial scales, i.e. intracellular (molecular), cellular, and extracellular (tissue) scales. In intracellular or molecular scale, the signaling cascade of endothelial cells is obtained. Two main stages in development of a vessel are considered. In the first stage, single sprouts are extended toward the tumor. In this stage, the main regulator of endothelial cells behavior is the signals from extracellular matrix. After anastomosis and formation of closed loops, blood flow starts in the capillaries. In this stage, blood flow induced signals regulate endothelial cells behaviors. In cellular scale, growth and migration of endothelial cells is modeled with a discrete lattice Monte Carlo method called cellular Pott's model (CPM). In extracellular (tissue) scale, diffusion of tumor angiogenic factors in the extracellular matrix, formation of closed loops (anastomosis), and shear stress induced by blood flow is considered. The model is able to simulate the formation of a closed loop and its extension. The results are validated against experimental data. The results show that, without blood flow, the capillaries are not able to maintain their integrity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angiogenesis" title="angiogenesis">angiogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endothelial%20cells" title=" endothelial cells"> endothelial cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-scale%20model" title=" multi-scale model"> multi-scale model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20Pott%27s%20model" title=" cellular Pott's model"> cellular Pott's model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signaling%20cascade" title=" signaling cascade"> signaling cascade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37304/angiogenesis-and-blood-flow-the-role-of-blood-flow-in-proliferation-and-migration-of-endothelial-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">245</span> Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Heterostructure Core-Shell Silver-Silica Nanocomposite for Humidity Sensing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatai%20O.%20Oladoyinbo">Fatai O. Oladoyinbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20O.%20Sanni"> Felix O. Sanni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinwunmi%20Fatai"> Akinwunmi Fatai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamoli%20A.%20Amusa"> Kamoli A. Amusa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saheed%20A.%20Ganiyu"> Saheed A. Ganiyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasiu%20B.%20Ayinde"> Wasiu B. Ayinde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tajudeen%20A.%20Afolabi"> Tajudeen A. Afolabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enock%20O.%20Dare"> Enock O. Dare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silver (Ag) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using the chemical reduction method from silver nitrate and sodium silicate, respectively. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Uv-Visible spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques were utilized to characterize the composition and structure of the samples. The crystallinity pattern of Ag nanoparticles was indexed as (111), (200), (220) and (311), which allowed reflections from face-centered cubic silver. XRD of SiO2 showed good porosity with a broad-spectrum band at Bragg’s angle 2θ of 22° while that of Ag-SiO2 showed distinct peaks at 2θ values of 39°, 43°, 66° and 79°. The XRD result agreed perfectly with the SEM and HRTEM images which showed Ag-SiO2 isotropic and anisotropic under the varying concentration of reactants. The elemental composition of Ag-SiO2, as displayed by EDX, confirmed Ag enrichment in the Ag-SiO2 heterostructure. The Uv-Visible peak at 421 nm confirmed the Surface Plasmon Resonance absorption peak of silver nanoparticles. N2 adsorption-desorption result showed a broad band of Ag-SiO2 from 3 to 8 nm, which indicated relatively narrow pore size distributions. Humidity sensing measurements performed in a controlled humidity chamber showed very high sensitivity with a sensitivity factor (SF) of 4.63 and high linearity with a steady decrease in resistance to humidity from 880 Ω at 10% RH to 190 Ω at 100% RH, indicating that Ag-SiO2 nanocomposite is a good sensing material with high sensitivity and linearity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver" title="silver">silver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica" title=" silica"> silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterostructure" title=" heterostructure"> heterostructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20shell" title=" core shell"> core shell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165614/facile-synthesis-and-characterization-of-heterostructure-core-shell-silver-silica-nanocomposite-for-humidity-sensing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">244</span> Photocatalytic Degradation of Nd₂O₃@SiO₂ Core-Shell Nanocomposites Under UV Irradiation Against Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B Dyes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Divya">S. Divya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jose"> M. Jose</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past years, industrial dyes have emerged as a significant threat to aquatic life, extensively detected in drinking water and groundwater, thus contributing to water pollution due to their improper and excessive use. To address this issue, the utilization of core-shell structures has been prioritized as it demonstrates remarkable efficiency in utilizing light energy for catalytic reactions and exhibiting excellent photocatalytic activity despite the availability of various photocatalysts. This work focuses on the photocatalytic degradation of Nd₂O₃@SiO₂ CSNs under UV light irradiation against MB and RhB dyes. Different characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, and TEM analyses, were employed to reveal the material's structure, functional groups, and morphological features. VSM and XPS analyses confirmed the soft, paramagnetic nature and chemical states with respective atomic percentages, respectively. Optical band gaps, determined using the Tauc plot model, indicated 4.24 eV and 4.13 eV for Nd₂O₃ NPs and Nd₂O₃@SiO₂ CSNs, respectively. The reduced bandgap energy of Nd₂O₃@SiO₂ CSNs enhances light absorption in the UV range, potentially leading to improved photocatalytic efficiency. The Nd₂O₃@SiO₂ CSNs exhibited greater degradation efficiency, reaching 95% and 96% against MB and RhB dyes, while Nd₂O₃ NPs showed 90% and 92%, respectively. The enhanced efficiency of Nd₂O₃@SiO₂ CSNs can be attributed to the larger specific surface area provided by the SiO₂ shell, as confirmed by surface area analysis using the BET surface area analyzer through N₂ adsorption-desorption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20shell%20nanocomposites" title="core shell nanocomposites">core shell nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20earth%20oxides" title=" rare earth oxides"> rare earth oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title=" photocatalysis"> photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20oxidation%20process" title=" advanced oxidation process"> advanced oxidation process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183410/photocatalytic-degradation-of-nd2o3-at-sio2-core-shell-nanocomposites-under-uv-irradiation-against-methylene-blue-and-rhodamine-b-dyes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">243</span> ORR Electrocatalyst for Batteries and Fuel Cells Development with SIO₂/Carbon Black Based Composite Nanomaterials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Kiani">Maryam Kiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on the development of composite nanomaterials based on SiO₂ and carbon black for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts in batteries and fuel cells. The aim was to explore the potential of these composite materials as efficient catalysts for ORR, which is a critical process in energy conversion devices. The SiO₂/carbon black composite nanomaterials were synthesized using a facile and scalable method. The morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of the materials were characterized using various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical measurements. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of SiO₂ into the carbon black matrix enhanced the ORR performance of the composite material. The composite nanomaterials exhibited improved electrocatalytic activity, enhanced stability, and increased durability compared to pure carbon black. The presence of SiO₂ facilitated the formation of active sites, improved electron transfer, and increased the surface area available for ORR. This study contributes to the advancement of battery and fuel cell technology by offering a promising approach for the development of high-performance ORR electrocatalysts. The SiO₂/carbon black composite nanomaterials show great potential for improving the efficiency and durability of energy conversion devices, leading to more sustainable and efficient energy solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ORR" title="ORR">ORR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cells" title=" fuel cells"> fuel cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batteries" title=" batteries"> batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalyst" title=" electrocatalyst"> electrocatalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172619/orr-electrocatalyst-for-batteries-and-fuel-cells-development-with-sio2carbon-black-based-composite-nanomaterials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> ORR Electrocatalyst for Batteries and Fuel Cells Development with SiO2/Carbon Black Based Composite Nanomaterials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Kiani">Maryam Kiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on the development of composite nanomaterials based on SiO2 and carbon black for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts in batteries and fuel cells. The aim was to explore the potential of these composite materials as efficient catalysts for ORR, which is a critical process in energy conversion devices. The SiO2/carbon black composite nanomaterials were synthesized using a facile and scalable method. The morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of the materials were characterized using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical measurements. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of SiO2 into the carbon black matrix enhanced the ORR performance of the composite material. The composite nanomaterials exhibited improved electrocatalytic activity, enhanced stability, and increased durability compared to pure carbon black. The presence of SiO2 facilitated the formation of active sites, improved electron transfer, and increased the surface area available for ORR. This study contributes to the advancement of battery and fuel cell technology by offering a promising approach for the development of high-performance ORR electrocatalysts. The SiO2/carbon black composite nanomaterials show great potential for improving the efficiency and durability of energy conversion devices, leading to more sustainable and efficient energy solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20reduction%20reaction" title="oxygen reduction reaction">oxygen reduction reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batteries" title=" batteries"> batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cells" title=" fuel cells"> fuel cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrrocatalyst" title=" electrrocatalyst"> electrrocatalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172606/orr-electrocatalyst-for-batteries-and-fuel-cells-development-with-sio2carbon-black-based-composite-nanomaterials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> Modified Silicates as Dissolved Oxygen Sensors in Water: Structural and Optical Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andile%20Mkhohlakali">Andile Mkhohlakali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tien-Chien%20Jen"> Tien-Chien Jen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Tshilongo"> James Tshilongo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Happy%20Mabowa"> Happy Mabowa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among different parameters, oxygen is one of the most important analytes of interest, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is very crucial and significant for various areas of physical, chemical, and environmental monitoring. Herein we report oxygen-sensitive luminophores -based lanthanum(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate), [La]³⁺ was encapsulated into SiO₂-based xerogel matrix. The nanosensor is composed of organically modified silica nanoparticles, doped with the luminescent oxygen–sensitive lanthanum(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate complex. The precursor materials used for sensing film were triethyl ethoxy silane (TEOS) and (3-Mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane) (MPTMS- TEOS) used for SiO2-baed matrices. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and BJH indicate that the SiO₂ transformed from microporous to mesoporous upon the addition of La³⁺ luminophore with increased surface area (SBET). The typical amorphous SiO₂ based xerogels were revealed with X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) analysis. Scanning electron microscope- (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed the porous morphology and reduced particle for SiO₂ and La-SiO₂ xerogels respectively. The existence of elements, siloxane networks, and thermal stability of xerogel was confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermographic analysis (TGA). UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) have been used to characterize the optical properties of xerogels. La-SiO₂ demonstrates promising characteristic features of an active sensing film for dissolved oxygen in the water. Keywords: Sol-gel, ORMOSILs, encapsulation, Luminophores quenching, O₂-sensing <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title="sol-gel">sol-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ORMOSILs" title=" ORMOSILs"> ORMOSILs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luminophores%20quenching" title=" luminophores quenching"> luminophores quenching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O%E2%82%82-sensing" title=" O₂-sensing"> O₂-sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148199/modified-silicates-as-dissolved-oxygen-sensors-in-water-structural-and-optical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">240</span> Air-Purifying Properties of Cement Mortars Intermixed with TiO₂-SiO₂ Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.M.%20Kaja">A.M. Kaja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20Yu"> Q. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.J.H%20Brouwers"> H.J.H Brouwers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An increased functionality of concrete towards higher eco-efficiency is nowadays of great importance due to the decreasing air quality in urban areas. Surface modifications of concrete walls and roads, as a coating or an intermixing of the surface layer with TiO₂, provide an opportunity to improve the air quality by reducing NOx via photocatalytic phenomena. Nevertheless, there are still concerns regarding the cost-efficiency as well as the toxicity of intermediate products which can be produced during the photocatalysis, limiting a widespread adoption of these materials. This study addresses the problem of the selectivity of cement mortars towards nitrate in terms of microstructural characteristics and hydration products. The ability of cement mortars matrix intermixed with commercial TiO₂ and TiO₂-SiO₂ composite to abate NO₂ is investigated. The influence of hydration products formed under the carbonation facilitating conditions is discussed and solutions how to optimize the mix design are proposed. The incorporation of the TiO₂-SiO₂ composite into cement mortar is found to increase the nitrate selectivity index. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20matrix" title="cement matrix">cement matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NO%E2%82%82%20abatement" title=" NO₂ abatement"> NO₂ abatement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title=" photocatalysis"> photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO%E2%82%82-SiO%E2%82%82%20composite" title=" TiO₂-SiO₂ composite"> TiO₂-SiO₂ composite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93143/air-purifying-properties-of-cement-mortars-intermixed-with-tio2-sio2-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">239</span> Mesoporous Carbon Ceramic SiO2/C Prepared by Sol-Gel Method and Modified with Cobalt Phthalocyanine and Used as an Electrochemical Sensor for Nitrite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdur%20Rahim">Abdur Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lauro%20Tatsuo%20Kubota"> Lauro Tatsuo Kubota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshitaka%20Gushikem"> Yoshitaka Gushikem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon ceramic mesoporous SiO2/50wt%C (SBET= 170 m2g-1), where C is graphite, was prepared by the sol gel method. Scanning electron microscopy images and the respective element mapping showed that, within the magnification used, no phase segregation was detectable. It presented the electric conductivities of 0.49 S cm-1. This material was used to support cobalt phthalocyanine, prepared in situ, to assure a homogeneous dispersion of the electro active complex in the pores of the matrix. The surface density of cobalt phthalocyanine, on the matrix surfaces was 0.015 mol cm-2. Pressed disk, made with SiO2/50wt%C/CoPc, was used to fabricate an electrode and tested as sensors for nitrite determination by electro chemical technique. A linear response range between 0.039 and 0.42 mmol l−1,and correlation coefficient r=0.9996 was obtained. The electrode was chemically very stable and presented very high sensitivity for this analyte, with a limit of detection, LOD = 1.087 x 10-6 mol L-1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiO2%2FC%2FCoPc" title="SiO2/C/CoPc">SiO2/C/CoPc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20method" title=" sol-gel method"> sol-gel method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20sensor" title=" electrochemical sensor"> electrochemical sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrite%20oxidation" title=" nitrite oxidation"> nitrite oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20ceramic%20material" title=" carbon ceramic material"> carbon ceramic material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt%20phthalocyanine" title=" cobalt phthalocyanine"> cobalt phthalocyanine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18924/mesoporous-carbon-ceramic-sio2c-prepared-by-sol-gel-method-and-modified-with-cobalt-phthalocyanine-and-used-as-an-electrochemical-sensor-for-nitrite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiO2%20capillaries&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiO2%20capillaries&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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