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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History and topography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_and_topography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History and topography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history_and_pall-mall_field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_and_pall-mall_field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history and pall-mall field</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_and_pall-mall_field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th-_and_18th-century_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th-_and_18th-century_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>17th- and 18th-century buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th-_and_18th-century_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Later history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pall Mall, London</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pell-Mell" title="Pell-Mell – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pell-Mell" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D0%BB-%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Пэл-Мэл – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пэл-Мэл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Пал Мал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пал Мал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall" title="Pall Mall – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pall Mall" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall_(Lond%C3%BDn)" title="Pall Mall (Londýn) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pall Mall (Londýn)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall_(London)" title="Pall Mall (London) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pall Mall (London)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall" title="Pall Mall – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pall Mall" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall" title="Pall Mall – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pall Mall" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%8C_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="پال مال، لندن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پال مال، لندن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall" title="Pall Mall – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pall Mall" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall,_Londain" title="Pall Mall, Londain – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pall Mall, Londain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Փալ Մալ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փալ Մալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall_(Londra)" title="Pall Mall (Londra) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pall Mall (Londra)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall_(London)" title="Pall Mall (London) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pall Mall (London)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall_(straat)" title="Pall Mall (straat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pall Mall (straat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AB_(%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3)" title="ペル・メル (ロンドン) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペル・メル (ロンドン)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall_(London)" title="Pall Mall (London) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pall Mall (London)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall_(Londyn)" title="Pall Mall (Londyn) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pall Mall (Londyn)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall_(Londres)" title="Pall Mall (Londres) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pall Mall (Londres)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BB-%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Пэлл-Мэлл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пэлл-Мэлл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall" title="Pall Mall – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pall Mall" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall_(Lond%C3%BDn)" title="Pall Mall (Londýn) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pall Mall (Londýn)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall_(katu)" title="Pall Mall (katu) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pall Mall (katu)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall,_London" title="Pall Mall, London – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pall Mall, London" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB_(%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Пел-Мел (Лондон) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пел-Мел (Лондон)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%8C_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="پال مال، لندن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پال مال، لندن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%93%93%E5%B0%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%94" title="蓓尔美尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蓓尔美尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pall_Mall,_London&params=51.506944_N_0.133056_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°07′59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.506944°N 0.133056°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.506944; -0.133056</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Street in Central London</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the London street. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pall_Mall_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pall Mall (disambiguation)">Pall Mall (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_London" title="The Mall, London">The Mall, London</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org street-address">Pall Mall</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_road_A4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/UK_road_A4.svg/100px-UK_road_A4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/UK_road_A4.svg/150px-UK_road_A4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/UK_road_A4.svg/200px-UK_road_A4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="191" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pall_Mall_2009_103.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pall_Mall_2009_103.jpg/220px-Pall_Mall_2009_103.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pall_Mall_2009_103.jpg/330px-Pall_Mall_2009_103.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pall_Mall_2009_103.jpg/440px-Pall_Mall_2009_103.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pall Mall in 2009</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:220px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:220px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:220px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_London_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pall Mall, London is located in City of Westminster"><img alt="Pall Mall, London is located in City of Westminster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Westminster_London_UK_location_map.svg/220px-Westminster_London_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Westminster_London_UK_location_map.svg/330px-Westminster_London_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Westminster_London_UK_location_map.svg/440px-Westminster_London_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="1266" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.509%;left:72.453%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pall Mall, London"><img alt="Pall Mall, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Central London</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">0.4 mi (0.64 km)<sup id="cite_ref-gmap_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gmap-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data locality"><a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data postal-code"><a href="/wiki/SW_postcode_area" title="SW postcode area">SW1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nearest train station</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/National_Rail" title="National Rail"><img alt="National Rail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station" title="Charing Cross railway station">Charing Cross</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_tube_station" title="Charing Cross tube station">Charing Cross</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pall_Mall,_London&params=51.506944_N_0.133056_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°07′59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.506944°N 0.133056°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.506944; -0.133056</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">East end</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haymarket (London)">Haymarket</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">West end</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Street" title="St James's Street">St James's Street</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commissioned</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1661</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inauguration</th><td class="infobox-data">September 1661</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Club" title="Reform Club">Reform Club</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Club,_London" title="Athenaeum Club, London">Athenaeum Club</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Travellers_Club" title="Travellers Club">Travellers Club</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Automobile_Club" title="Royal Automobile Club">Royal Automobile Club</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pall Mall</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b5\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Pall_Mall.wav\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Pall_Mall.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-Pall Mall.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Pall_Mall.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Pall_Mall.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Back_ache-Pall_Mall.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-Pall Mall.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> is a street in the <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s" title="St James's">St James's</a> area of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a>, Central London. It connects <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Street" title="St James's Street">St James's Street</a> to <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a> and is a section of the regional <a href="/wiki/A4_road_(England)" title="A4 road (England)">A4 road</a>. The street's name is derived from <a href="/wiki/Pall-mall" title="Pall-mall">pall-mall</a>, a ball game played there during the 17th century, which in turn is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Language">Italian</a> <i>pallamaglio</i>, literally "ball-mallet". </p><p>The area was built up during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> with fashionable London residences. It is known for high-class shopping in the 18th century until the present, and <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club_(traditional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentlemen's club (traditional)">gentlemen's clubs</a> in the 19th. The <a href="/wiki/Reform_Club" title="Reform Club">Reform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Club,_London" title="Athenaeum Club, London">Athenaeum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Travellers_Club" title="Travellers Club">Travellers Clubs</a> have survived to the 21st century. The <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> was based on Pall Mall during the second half of the 19th century, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Automobile_Club" title="Royal Automobile Club">Royal Automobile Club</a>'s headquarters have been on the street since 1908. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pall_Mall,_London&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The street is around 0.4 miles (0.6 km) long and runs east in the <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s" title="St James's">St James's</a> area, from <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Street" title="St James's Street">St James's Street</a> across <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Place" title="Waterloo Place">Waterloo Place</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Haymarket,_London" title="Haymarket, London">Haymarket</a> and continues as Pall Mall East towards <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a>. The street numbers run consecutively from north-side east to west and then continue on the south-side west to east. It is nominally part of the <a href="/wiki/A4_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A4 road (Great Britain)">A4</a>, a major road running west from Central London,<sup id="cite_ref-gmap_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gmap-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is not used as a through road. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_topography">History and topography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pall_Mall,_London&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History and topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_and_pall-mall_field">Early history and pall-mall field</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pall_Mall,_London&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history and pall-mall field"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pall Mall was constructed in 1661, replacing an earlier highway slightly to the south that ran from the <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haymarket (London)">Haymarket</a> (approximately where Warwick House Street is now) to the royal residence, <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008619–620_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008619–620-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historical research suggests a road had been in this location since <a href="/wiki/Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxon">Saxon</a> times, although the earliest documentary references are from the 12th century in connection with a <a href="/wiki/Leper_colony" title="Leper colony">leper colony</a> at St James's Hospital. When <a href="/wiki/St._James%27s_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="St. James's Park">St. James's Park</a> was laid out by order of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> in the 16th century, the park's boundary wall was built along the south side of the road.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1620, the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council">Privy Council</a> ordered the <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Middlesex" class="mw-redirect" title="High Sheriff of Middlesex">High Sheriff of Middlesex</a> to clear a number of temporary buildings next to the wall that were of poor quality.<sup id="cite_ref-SoL2930_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoL2930-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pall-mall" title="Pall-mall">Pall-mall</a>, a ball game similar to <a href="/wiki/Croquet" title="Croquet">croquet</a>, was introduced to England in the early 17th century by <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a>. The game, already popular in France and Scotland, was enjoyed by James' sons <a href="/wiki/Henry_Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales">Henry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008619_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008619-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1630, St James's Field, London's first pall-mall court, was laid out to the north of the Haymarket – St James road.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheatley1870_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheatley1870-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration (England)">Restoration</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles II of England">King Charles II</a>'s return to London on 29 May 1660, another pall-mall court was constructed in St James's Park just south of the wall, on the site of <a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_London" title="The Mall, London">The Mall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SoL2930_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoL2930-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a>'s diary entry for 2 April 1661 records: "[I] went into St. James's Park, where I saw the <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">Duke of York</a> playing at Pelemele, the first time that I ever saw the sport".<sup id="cite_ref-Pepys16610301_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pepys16610301-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new court suffered from dust blown over the wall from coaches travelling along the highway. In July 1661 posts and rails were erected, stopping up the old road.<sup id="cite_ref-SoL2930_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoL2930-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court for pall-mall was very long and narrow, and often known as an alley, so the old court, namely St James's Field, provided a suitable route for relocating the eastern approach to St James's Palace. A grant was made to <a href="/wiki/Daniel_O%27Neill_(Royalist)" title="Daniel O'Neill (Royalist)">Dan O'Neale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groom_of_the_Bedchamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Groom of the Bedchamber">Groom of the Bedchamber</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Denham_(poet)" title="John Denham (poet)">John Denham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Works#Surveyor_of_the_King's_Works" title="Office of Works">Surveyor of the King's Works</a>, allocating a 1,400-by-23-foot (427 by 7 m) area of land for this purpose. The grant was endorsed 'Our warrant for the building of the new street to St James's'.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheatley1870_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheatley1870-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new road was built on the site of the old pall-mall court, and opened in September 1661.<sup id="cite_ref-SoL2930_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoL2930-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was named Catherine Street, after <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Catherine of Braganza</a>, wife of Charles II, but was better known as Pall Mall Street or the Old Pall Mall.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheatley1870_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheatley1870-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SoL2930_251-270_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoL2930_251-270-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pall-mall field was a popular place for recreation, and Pepys records several other visits. By July 1665 Pepys used "Pell Mell" to refer to the street as well as the game.<sup id="cite_ref-Pepys16650704_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pepys16650704-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th-_and_18th-century_buildings">17th- and 18th-century buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pall_Mall,_London&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 17th- and 18th-century buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_View_of_St_James_Palace,_Pall_Mall_etc_by_Thomas_Bowles,_published_1763.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/A_View_of_St_James_Palace%2C_Pall_Mall_etc_by_Thomas_Bowles%2C_published_1763.jpg/220px-A_View_of_St_James_Palace%2C_Pall_Mall_etc_by_Thomas_Bowles%2C_published_1763.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/A_View_of_St_James_Palace%2C_Pall_Mall_etc_by_Thomas_Bowles%2C_published_1763.jpg/330px-A_View_of_St_James_Palace%2C_Pall_Mall_etc_by_Thomas_Bowles%2C_published_1763.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/A_View_of_St_James_Palace%2C_Pall_Mall_etc_by_Thomas_Bowles%2C_published_1763.jpg/440px-A_View_of_St_James_Palace%2C_Pall_Mall_etc_by_Thomas_Bowles%2C_published_1763.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption><i>A View of St James's Palace, Pall Mall etc</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Bowles_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Bowles (artist) (page does not exist)">Thomas Bowles</a>, published 1763. This view looks east. The gatehouse of <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a> is on the right.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1662, Pall Mall was one of several streets "thought fitt immediately to be repaired, new paved or otherwise amended" under the <a href="/wiki/London_and_Westminster_Streets_Act_1662" class="mw-redirect" title="London and Westminster Streets Act 1662">London and Westminster Streets Act 1662</a> (<a href="/wiki/14_Cha._2" class="mw-redirect" title="14 Cha. 2">14 Cha. 2</a>. c. 2).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paving commissioners appointed to oversee the work included the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Jermyn,_1st_Earl_of_St_Albans" title="Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans">Earl of St Albans</a>. The terms of the act allowed commissioners to remove any building encroaching on the highway, with compensation for those at least 30 years old. The commissioners determined that the <a href="/wiki/Real_tennis" title="Real tennis">real tennis</a> court and adjoining house at the northeast corner of Pall Mall and St James's Street should be demolished, and in 1664 notified Martha Barker, the owner of the Crown lease, to do so. Although Barker initially rejected £230 compensation, the court was demolished by 1679.<sup id="cite_ref-SoL2930_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoL2930-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The street was developed extensively during 1662–1667. The Earl of St Albans had a lease from the Crown in 1662 on 45 acres (18 ha) of land previously part of St James's Fields. He laid out the site for the development of <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Square" title="St James's Square">St James's Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jermyn_Street" title="Jermyn Street">Jermyn Street</a>, Charles Street, St Albans Street, King Street and other streets now known as <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s" title="St James's">St James's</a>. The location was convenient for the royal palaces of Whitehall and St James and the houses on the east, north and west sides of the square were developed along with those on the north side of Pall Mall, each constructed separately as was usual for the time. Houses were not built along the square's south side at first, or the adjoining part of Pall Mall. The Earl petitioned the King in late 1663 that the class of occupants they hoped to attract to the new district would not take houses without the prospect of eventually acquiring them outright. Despite opposition from the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Treasurer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Treasurer">Lord Treasurer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wriothesley,_4th_Earl_of_Southampton" title="Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton">Earl of Southampton</a>, on 1 April 1665 the King granted the Earl of St Albans the freehold of the St James's Square site, along with all the ground on the north side of Pall Mall between <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Street" title="St James's Street">St James's Street</a> and the east side of St James's Square. The freehold of the north side of Pall Mall subsequently passed to other private owners.<sup id="cite_ref-SoL2930_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoL2930-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_James%27s_Square_1799.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/St_James%27s_Square_1799.jpg/220px-St_James%27s_Square_1799.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/St_James%27s_Square_1799.jpg/330px-St_James%27s_Square_1799.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/St_James%27s_Square_1799.jpg/440px-St_James%27s_Square_1799.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1073" /></a><figcaption>Pall Mall and <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Square" title="St James's Square">St James's Square</a> shown in <a href="/wiki/Richard_Horwood" title="Richard Horwood">Richard Horwood</a>'s map of 1799</figcaption></figure> <p>The Crown kept the freehold of the land south of the street except for No. 79, which was granted to <a href="/wiki/Nell_Gwyn" title="Nell Gwyn">Nell Gwyn</a>'s trustees in 1676 or 1677 by <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>. The buildings constructed on the south side of Pall Mall in subsequent years were grander than those on the north owing to stricter design and building standards imposed by the crown commissioners.<sup id="cite_ref-SoL2930_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoL2930-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the main road was relocated further north, some houses suddenly had their backs facing the main road, losing available land for gardening. In 1664, residents filed a petition to turn the old road into gardens, which was successful. The trustees of the Earl of St Albans received a sixty-year lease on most of this from April 1665 so that trustees could issue sub-leases to their tenants.<sup id="cite_ref-SoL2930_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoL2930-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several other portions of the old highway were leased for construction. At the east end, land was leased to <a href="/wiki/Sir_Philip_Warwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Philip Warwick">Sir Philip Warwick</a> who built Warwick House (now the location of Warwick House Street) and to <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Denham" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Denham">Sir John Denham</a>; this parcel of land became part of the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_House" title="Marlborough House">Marlborough House</a>. Portions leased at the west end included the land between St James's Palace and the tennis court at the corner of St James's Street, and a parcel of land leased to the <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Palmer,_1st_Duchess_of_Cleveland" title="Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland">Duchess of Cleveland</a> that became the site of 8–12 Cleveland Row and Stornoway House.<sup id="cite_ref-SoL2930_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoL2930-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 18th-century London bookseller <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Millar" title="Andrew Millar">Andrew Millar</a> also lived in a townhouse designed by Robert Adam, at 34 Pall Mall.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMillar1765_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillar1765-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>104 Pall Mall was rebuilt in 1761–2 by <a href="/wiki/John_Perceval,_2nd_Earl_of_Egmont" title="John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont">John, second Earl of Egmont</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Soane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Soane">Sir John Soane</a> remodelled the house in 1793–4 for <a href="/wiki/Louisa_Tollemache,_7th_Countess_of_Dysart" title="Louisa Tollemache, 7th Countess of Dysart">Lady Louisa Manners, Countess of Dysart</a> who lived there until 1831. From 1831 to 1836 it was used for the storage and exhibition of the Royal picture collection. In 1836 it was acquired by the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Club" title="Reform Club">Reform Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_history">Later history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pall_Mall,_London&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Institution_at_52_Pall_Mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/British_Institution_at_52_Pall_Mall.jpg/220px-British_Institution_at_52_Pall_Mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/British_Institution_at_52_Pall_Mall.jpg/330px-British_Institution_at_52_Pall_Mall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/British_Institution_at_52_Pall_Mall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Dance_the_Younger" title="George Dance the Younger">George Dance the Younger</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Boydell_Shakespeare_Gallery" title="Boydell Shakespeare Gallery">Shakespeare Gallery</a> at 52 Pall Mall was built in 1788 and demolished 1868–1869. It is shown in 1851 after its purchase by the <a href="/wiki/British_Institution" title="British Institution">British Institution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008620_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008620-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>By the 18th century, Pall Mall was well known for its shops as well as its grand houses. The shops included that of the <a href="/wiki/Vulliamy_family" title="Vulliamy family">Vulliamy family</a> who made clocks at No. 68 between 1765 and 1854. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dodsley" title="Robert Dodsley">Robert Dodsley</a> ran a bookshop at No. 52, where he suggested the idea of a <a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a> to <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>. Writers and artists began to move to Pall Mall during this century; both <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cosway" title="Richard Cosway">Richard Cosway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gainsborough" title="Thomas Gainsborough">Thomas Gainsborough</a> lived at <a href="/wiki/Schomberg_House" title="Schomberg House">Schomberg House</a> at Nos. 80–82.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008620_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008620-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The street was one of the first in London to be <a href="/wiki/Gas_lighting" title="Gas lighting">lit by gas</a> after <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Albert_Winsor" title="Frederick Albert Winsor">Frederick Albert Winsor</a> set up experimental lighting on 4 June 1807 to celebrate King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a>'s birthday. Permanent lighting was installed in 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008620_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008620-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eastern end of Pall Mall was widened between 1814 and 1818; a row of houses on its north side was demolished to make way for the Royal Opera Arcade.<sup id="cite_ref-SoL2930_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoL2930-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pall Mall is known for the various <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club_(traditional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentlemen's club (traditional)">gentlemen's clubs</a> built there in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The <a href="/wiki/Travellers_Club" title="Travellers Club">Travellers Club</a> was founded in 1819 and moved to No. 49 Pall Mall in 1822. Its current premises at No. 106 were built in 1823 by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Barry" title="Charles Barry">Charles Barry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008944–5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008944–5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Club,_London" title="Athenaeum Club, London">Athenaeum Club</a> took its name from the Athenaeum in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, a university founded by the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a>. The club moved to No. 107 Pall Mall in 1830 from tenements in <a href="/wiki/Somerset_House" title="Somerset House">Somerset House</a>. Its entrance hall was designed by <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Burton" title="Decimus Burton">Decimus Burton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay200831_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay200831-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Reform_Club" title="Reform Club">Reform Club</a> at Nos. 104–105 was founded for the British <a href="/wiki/Radicals_(UK)" title="Radicals (UK)">Radicals</a> in 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008685_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008685-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Army_and_Navy_Club" title="Army and Navy Club">Army and Navy Club</a> at Nos. 36–39 was founded in 1837. The name was suggested by the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a> in order to accommodate <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay200827_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay200827-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other clubs on Pall Mall include the <a href="/wiki/United_Service_Club" title="United Service Club">United Service Club</a> (now occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Directors" title="Institute of Directors">Institute of Directors</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_and_Cambridge_Club" title="Oxford and Cambridge Club">Oxford and Cambridge Club</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Automobile_Club" title="Royal Automobile Club">Royal Automobile Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008620_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008620-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Gallery_at_100_Pall_Mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/National_Gallery_at_100_Pall_Mall.jpg/220px-National_Gallery_at_100_Pall_Mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/National_Gallery_at_100_Pall_Mall.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>No. 100 Pall Mall, location of the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery, London">National Gallery</a> between 1824 and 1834<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008569_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008569-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Pall Mall was once the centre of London's fine art scene; in 1824 the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery, London">National Gallery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a> auction house were all based on the street.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The freehold of much of the southern side of the Pall Mall is owned by the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate">Crown Estate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to St James's Palace, Marlborough House, which was once a royal residence, is its neighbour to the east, opening off a courtyard just to the south of the street. It was built for <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Churchill,_Duchess_of_Marlborough" title="Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough">Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough</a> who laid the foundation stone in 1709, with building complete by 1711. The house reverted to Crown ownership in 1817; the future King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> was born here in 1865 and briefly lived in the house as Prince of Wales during the reign of his father, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a>. It became government-owned in 1959 and houses now the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretariat" title="Commonwealth Secretariat">Commonwealth Secretariat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Foundation" title="Commonwealth Foundation">Commonwealth Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008530–1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008530–1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">Prince Regent's</a> <a href="/wiki/Carlton_House,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlton House, London">Carlton House</a> was built at the eastern end of Pall Mall in 1732 for <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Frederick, Prince of Wales">Frederick, Prince of Wales</a> and later inhabited by his widow, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Augusta_of_Saxe-Gotha" title="Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha">Princess Augusta</a>. A ball was held at the house on 19 June 1811 to celebrate the start of the Prince's regency, but ultimately he did not decide to stay in the house upon ascending the throne, and it was demolished. <a href="/wiki/John_Nash_(architect)" title="John Nash (architect)">John Nash</a> built <a href="/wiki/Carlton_House_Terrace" title="Carlton House Terrace">Carlton House Terrace</a> on its site between 1827 and 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008131–2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008131–2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pall_Mall_(22005709323).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pall_Mall_%2822005709323%29.jpg/220px-Pall_Mall_%2822005709323%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pall_Mall_%2822005709323%29.jpg/330px-Pall_Mall_%2822005709323%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pall_Mall_%2822005709323%29.jpg/440px-Pall_Mall_%2822005709323%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="913" /></a><figcaption>Pall Mall was one of the first streets in London to have <a href="/wiki/Gas_lighting" title="Gas lighting">gas lighting</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pall Mall was the location of the <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> from 1855 to 1906,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008107_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008107-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with which it became synonymous (just as <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a> refers to the administrative centre of the <a href="/wiki/UK_government" class="mw-redirect" title="UK government">UK government</a>). The War Office was accommodated in a complex of buildings based on the ducal mansion, <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_House" title="Cumberland House">Cumberland House</a>. The office subsequently moved to Whitehall.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMOD20015–8_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMOD20015–8-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The street contained two other architecturally important residences. Schomberg House, at Nos. 80–82 Pall Mall was built in 1698 for <a href="/wiki/Meinhardt_Schomberg,_3rd_Duke_of_Schomberg" title="Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg">Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg</a> and divided into three parts in 1769. The eastern section of the house was demolished in 1850, but reconstructed in the mid-1950s for office use.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008826_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008826-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_House,_Pall_Mall" title="Buckingham House, Pall Mall">Buckingham House</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the London residence of the <a href="/wiki/Dukes_of_Buckingham_and_Chandos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos">Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos</a>. It was rebuilt in the 1790s by Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Soane" title="John Soane">John Soane</a> and sold by the Buckingham estate in 1847. The house was demolished in 1908 to make way for the Royal Automobile Club.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008107,_710_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008107,_710-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1902, 7 Pall Mall was occupied by the Electric Lighting Board. A first-floor room was hired to allow viewing of Edward VII's coronation procession, which was cancelled after the king fell ill. This resulted in the legal case <i><a href="/wiki/Chandler_v_Webster" title="Chandler v Webster">Chandler v Webster</a></i>, concerned with the treatment of a <a href="/wiki/Frustration_of_contract" class="mw-redirect" title="Frustration of contract">frustrated contract</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No 77–78 Pall Mall was the home of the <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Brudenell-Bruce,_3rd_Marquess_of_Ailesbury" title="Ernest Brudenell-Bruce, 3rd Marquess of Ailesbury">Marquess of Ailesbury</a> from 1840. In 1892, it was inherited by the Marchioness' nephew, <a href="/wiki/Viscount_de_Vesci" title="Viscount de Vesci">Viscount de Vesci</a> who leased the building to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Works" title="Office of Works">Office of Works</a>. In 1902, it was granted to Queen Victoria's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Princess Helena of the United Kingdom">Princess Helena</a> and her husband Prince Christian as a <a href="/wiki/Grace_and_favour" title="Grace and favour">grace and favour</a> residence and retained as a home by their daughters, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Helena_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Helena Victoria">Princess Helena Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein">Princess Marie Louise</a> until 1947. In 1951, the property was divided: No.77 was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_and_Cambridge_University_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford and Cambridge University Club">Oxford and Cambridge University Club</a>, and no.78 by the <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Star">Eagle Star</a> Insurance Company.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pall_Mall_(22058955226).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pall_Mall_%2822058955226%29.jpg/220px-Pall_Mall_%2822058955226%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pall_Mall_%2822058955226%29.jpg/330px-Pall_Mall_%2822058955226%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pall_Mall_%2822058955226%29.jpg/440px-Pall_Mall_%2822058955226%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>Pall Mall after an <a href="/wiki/Operation_Steinbock" title="Operation Steinbock">Operation Steinbock</a> air-raid, February 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>The Institute of Directors was founded in 1903 and received a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former branch of the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Bank" title="Midland Bank">Midland Bank</a> at Nos. 69–70 Pall Mall was designed by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens" title="Edwin Lutyens">Edwin Lutyens</a> and constructed between 1922 and 1927. The original plan to redevelop No. 70 proved impractical so the two premises were demolished to provide a site for the current premises.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cigarette manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Rothmans_International" title="Rothmans International">Rothmans</a> has its head office at No. 65 Pall Mall, in a building designed by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Shaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Shaw">Norman Shaw</a>, while <a href="/wiki/P%26O_Ferries" title="P&O Ferries">P&O Ferries</a>' main administrative office is at No. 79.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008621_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008621-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pall_Mall,_London&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Casanova" title="Giacomo Casanova">Giacomo Casanova</a> lived in Pall Mall during 1761 as "Chevalier de Seingalt" and documented the stay in his memoirs.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the novelist <a href="/wiki/William_Makepeace_Thackeray" title="William Makepeace Thackeray">William Makepeace Thackeray</a> visited <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> in 1845, he compared Pall Mall to <a href="/wiki/O%27Connell_Street" title="O'Connell Street">O'Connell Street</a> (then known as Upper Sackville Street).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1870, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Benjamin_Wheatley" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Benjamin Wheatley">Henry Benjamin Wheatley</a> wrote "Round about <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a> and Pall Mall", documenting changes in and around the street over the century.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A compilation of <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>'s works, <i>A Critic in Pall Mall : Being Extracts From Reviews And Miscellanies</i>, was published in 1919, comprising essays he wrote for newspapers and journals from the 1870s to the 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Princess Elizabeth</a> mentioned Pall Mall in her diary on celebrations on <a href="/wiki/VE_day" class="mw-redirect" title="VE day">VE day</a>: "Out in crowd again," she wrote, "<a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a>, Pall Mall, walked simply miles. Saw parents on balcony at 12.30am – ate, partied, bed 3am!"<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pall Mall is part of a group of three squares on the British <i><a href="/wiki/Monopoly_(game)" title="Monopoly (game)">Monopoly</a></i> board game, alongside <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_Avenue" title="Northumberland Avenue">Northumberland Avenue</a>. All three streets converge at Trafalgar Square.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore200345_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore200345-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rising house prices across London mean a small flat on Pall Mall, which is in the lowest-priced third of properties on the board, now sells for over £1 million.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles Lamb, in his essay "The Superannuated Man," also mentioned this place. The narrator of the essay confesses that he used to "indent the gayer flags of Pall Mall." As the narrator is a superannuated man, he has ample time to spend. Among the means of spending time and enjoying his life is frequently visiting the club houses in Pall Mall, which gave him immense pleasure.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pall_Mall,_London&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/77%E2%80%9378_Pall_Mall" title="77–78 Pall Mall">77–78 Pall Mall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pall_Mall_Gazette" title="The Pall Mall Gazette">The Pall Mall Gazette</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gentlemen%27s_clubs_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="List of gentlemen's clubs in London">List of gentlemen's clubs in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nine_British_Art" title="The Nine British Art">The Nine British Art</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pall_Mall,_London&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1685, the boundary wall became the parish boundary for the parish of <a href="/wiki/Westminster_St_James" title="Westminster St James">Westminster St James</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By 9 August 1662, Pepys's diary reports a duel "at the old Pall Mall at St. James's", in which <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jermyn,_2nd_Baron_Jermyn" title="Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn">Thomas Jermyn</a> (nephew of the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Jermyn,_1st_Earl_of_St_Albans" title="Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans">Earl of St Albans</a>) was wounded and Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giles_Rawlins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giles Rawlins (page does not exist)">Giles Rawlins</a> was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Pepys16620809_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pepys16620809-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On 4 July 1665, Pepys wrote: "I observed a house shut up this day in the Pell Mell, where heretofore in Cromwell's time we young men used to keep our weekly clubs."<sup id="cite_ref-Pepys16650704_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pepys16650704-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not to be confused with the Buckingham House that later became <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008107_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008107-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gmap-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gmap_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gmap_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.uk/maps/dir/51.5052482,-0.1379138/51.5083078,-0.1292424/@51.5076169,-0.1315898,18.05z/data=!4m2!4m1!5i1">"62 Pall Mall to 1 Pall Mall E"</a>. 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H. W. Sheppard (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=40579&strquery=Pall%20Mall">"Pall Mall"</a>. <i>Survey of London: volumes 29 and 30: St James Westminster, Part 1</i>. Institute of Historical Research. pp. <span class="nowrap">322–</span>324<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+London%3A+volumes+29+and+30%3A+St+James+Westminster%2C+Part+1&rft.atitle=Pall+Mall&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E322-%3C%2Fspan%3E324&rft.date=1960&rft.au=F.+H.+W.+Sheppard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D40579%26strquery%3DPall%2520Mall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APall+Mall%2C+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008619-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008619_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008">Weinreb et al. 2008</a>, p. 619.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wheatley1870-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wheatley1870_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wheatley1870_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wheatley1870_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheatley1870" class="citation book cs1">Wheatley, Henry Benjamin (1870). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roundaboutpicca01wheagoog"><i>Round about Piccadilly and Pall Mall</i></a>. Smith, Elder & co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roundaboutpicca01wheagoog/page/n346">319</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Round+about+Piccadilly+and+Pall+Mall&rft.pages=319&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+co.&rft.date=1870&rft.aulast=Wheatley&rft.aufirst=Henry+Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froundaboutpicca01wheagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APall+Mall%2C+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pepys16610301-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pepys16610301_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPepys1661" class="citation book cs1">Pepys, Samuel (2 April 1661). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Diary_of_Samuel_Pepys/1661/April#April_2nd">"March 1st"</a>. <i>Diary of Samuel Pepys</i>. Univ of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-22167-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-22167-2"><bdi>0-520-22167-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=March+1st&rft.btitle=Diary+of+Samuel+Pepys&rft.pub=Univ+of+California+Press&rft.date=1661-04-02&rft.isbn=0-520-22167-2&rft.aulast=Pepys&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FDiary_of_Samuel_Pepys%2F1661%2FApril%23April_2nd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APall+Mall%2C+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SoL2930_251-270-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SoL2930_251-270_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._H._W._Sheppard1960" class="citation web cs1">F. H. W. Sheppard (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=40571&strquery=%22Catherine%20Street%22">"Piccadilly, South Side"</a>. <i>Survey of London: volumes 29 and 30: St James Westminster, Part 1</i>. Institute of Historical Research. pp. <span class="nowrap">251–</span>270<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Survey+of+London%3A+volumes+29+and+30%3A+St+James+Westminster%2C+Part+1&rft.atitle=Piccadilly%2C+South+Side&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E251-%3C%2Fspan%3E270&rft.date=1960&rft.au=F.+H.+W.+Sheppard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D40571%26strquery%3D%2522Catherine%2520Street%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APall+Mall%2C+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pepys16620809-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pepys16620809_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPepys1662" class="citation book cs1">Pepys, Samuel (9 August 1662). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Diary_of_Samuel_Pepys/1662/August#August_9th">"August 9th"</a>. <i>Diary of Samuel Pepys</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MoneyWise&rft.atitle=Playing+the+Monopoly+House+Price+Game&rft.date=2015-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moneywise.co.uk%2Fhome-mortgage%2Fmortgages%2Fhome-mortgage%2Fproperty-market%2Fplaying-the-monopoly-house-price-game&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APall+Mall%2C+London" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillar1765" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Millar, Andrew (16 July 1765). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.millar-project.ed.ac.uk/manuscripts/html_output/4.html">"I recd all yours wt ye Transactions..."</a> Letter to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cadell_(publisher)" title="Thomas Cadell (publisher)">Thomas Cadell</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+recd+all+yours+wt+ye+Transactions...&rft.date=1765-07-16&rft.aulast=Millar&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.millar-project.ed.ac.uk%2Fmanuscripts%2Fhtml_output%2F4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APall+Mall%2C+London" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2003" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Tim (2003). <i>Do Not Pass Go</i>. Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-099-43386-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-099-43386-6"><bdi>978-0-099-43386-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Do+Not+Pass+Go&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-099-43386-6&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APall+Mall%2C+London" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinrebHibbertKeayKeay2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Weinreb" title="Ben Weinreb">Weinreb, Ben</a>; <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hibbert" title="Christopher Hibbert">Hibbert, Christopher</a>; Keay, Julia; <a href="/wiki/John_Keay" title="John Keay">Keay, John</a> (2008). <i>The London Encyclopedia</i>. Pan MacMillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4050-4924-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4050-4924-5"><bdi>978-1-4050-4924-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+London+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Pan+MacMillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4050-4924-5&rft.aulast=Weinreb&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Hibbert%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Keay%2C+Julia&rft.au=Keay%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APall+Mall%2C+London" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMOD2001" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/49055/old_war_office_build.pdf"><i>The Old War Office Building</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ministry of Defence. 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Old+War+Office+Building&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F49055%2Fold_war_office_build.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APall+Mall%2C+London" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pall_Mall,_London&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Timbs" title="John Timbs">John Timbs</a> (1867), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/curiositiesoflon00timbrich#page/634/mode/2up">"Pall Mall"</a>, <i>Curiosities of London</i> (2nd ed.), London: J.C. Hotten, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12878129">12878129</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pall+Mall&rft.btitle=Curiosities+of+London&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=J.C.+Hotten&rft.date=1867&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12878129&rft.au=John+Timbs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcuriositiesoflon00timbrich%23page%2F634%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APall+Mall%2C+London" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> (1882), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dickenssdictiona00dick#page/213/mode/1up">"Pall Mall"</a>, <i>Dickens's Dictionary of London</i>, London: Macmillan & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pall+Mall&rft.btitle=Dickens%27s+Dictionary+of+London&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan+%26+Co.&rft.date=1882&rft.au=Charles+Dickens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fdickenssdictiona00dick%23page%2F213%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APall+Mall%2C+London" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pall_Mall,_London&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040426012358/http://www.touruk.co.uk/london_streets/pallmall_street1.htm">Pall Mall on TourUK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.explore-london.co.uk/pmall.html">Panoramic photograph of Pall Mall</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111112195836/http://www.explore-london.co.uk/pmall.html">Archived</a> 12 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/england/london/clubsintro/intro.html">19th Century Gentleman's Clubs on Pall Mall</a> (including photographs)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gentlemen%27s_clubs_in_London" title="Template:Gentlemen's clubs in London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gentlemen%27s_clubs_in_London" title="Template talk:Gentlemen's clubs in London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gentlemen%27s_clubs_in_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gentlemen's clubs in London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gentlemen&#039;s_clubs_in_London,_United_Kingdom1071" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_gentlemen%27s_clubs_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="List of gentlemen's clubs in London">Gentlemen's clubs</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Grouped by societal associations, ordered by seniority</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionists</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Tories</a>,<br />and/or<br /><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conser-<br />vatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White%27s" title="White's">White's</a> 1693–present <i>(No longer politically aligned)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boodle%27s" title="Boodle's">Boodle's</a> 1762–present <i>(No longer politically aligned)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club" title="Carlton Club">Carlton Club</a> 1832–present</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocoa-Tree_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cocoa-Tree Club (page does not exist)">Cocoa-Tree Club</a> 18th century – 1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Club" title="Conservative Club">Conservative Club</a> 1841–1950</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Carlton_Club" title="Junior Carlton Club">Junior Carlton Club</a> 1866–1977</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Carlton_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Carlton Club (page does not exist)">City Carlton Club</a> 1868 – Early 20th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaconsfield_Club" title="Beaconsfield Club">Beaconsfield Club</a> 1880–1887</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Club" title="Palace Club">Palace Club</a> 1882–1900s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Club" title="Constitutional Club">Constitutional Club</a> 1883–1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Club" title="Unionist Club">Unionist Club</a> 1886–1892</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Club" title="National Conservative Club">National Conservative Club</a> 1886–1890s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primrose_Club" title="Primrose Club">Primrose Club</a> 1886–1910s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Constitutional_Club" title="Junior Constitutional Club">Junior Constitutional Club</a> 1887 – Early 20th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(club)" title="National Union (club)">National Union</a> 1887–1890s</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junior_Conservative_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junior Conservative Club (page does not exist)">Junior Conservative Club</a> 1889 – Early 20th century</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladies%27_Carlton_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladies' Carlton Club (page does not exist)">Ladies' Carlton Club</a> Late 19th/early 20th century</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladies%27_Imperial_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladies' Imperial Club (page does not exist)">Ladies' Imperial Club</a> Early 20th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Club" title="St Stephen's Club">St Stephen's Club</a> 1870–2013</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whigs</a> and/<br />or <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%27s" title="Brooks's">Brooks's</a> 1764–present <i>(no longer politically aligned)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Club" title="Reform Club">Reform Club</a> 1836–present <i>(no longer politically aligned)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Club" title="National Liberal Club">National Liberal Club</a> 1882–present</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devonshire_Club" title="Devonshire Club">Devonshire Club</a> 1874–1976 <i>(merged with the apolitical <a href="/wiki/East_India_Club" title="East India Club">East India Club</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Liberal_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Liberal Club (page does not exist)">City Liberal Club</a> 1874–20th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Club" title="Eighty Club">Eighty Club</a> 1880–1900s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Club" title="1920 Club">1920 Club</a> 1920–1923</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British<br />Armed<br />Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company" title="Honourable Artillery Company">Honourable Artillery Company</a> 1537–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_and_Guards_Club" title="Cavalry and Guards Club">Cavalry and Guards Club</a> 1810/1890/1976–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Club" title="Oriental Club">Oriental Club</a> 1824–present <i>(no longer has any formal military connections)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_and_Navy_Club" title="Army and Navy Club">Army and Navy Club</a> 1838–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Club" title="East India Club">East India Club</a> 1849–present <i>(no longer has any formal military connections)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_and_Military_Club" title="Naval and Military Club">Naval and Military Club</a> 1862–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Club" title="Royal Air Force Club">Royal Air Force Club</a> 1917–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Club" title="Special Forces Club">Special Forces Club</a> 1946–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Services_Club" title="Victory Services Club">Victory Services Club</a> 1948–present (current form)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guards%27_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Guards' Club">Guards' Club</a> 1810–1976 <i>(now the <b>Cavalry and Guards Club</b>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Service_Club" title="United Service Club">United Service Club</a> 1815–1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Naval_and_Military_Club" title="Junior Naval and Military Club">Junior Naval and Military Club</a> 1870–1879</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_Club" title="Cavalry Club">Cavalry Club</a> 1890–1976 <i>(now the <b>Cavalry and Guards Club</b>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Club" title="Naval Club">Naval Club</a> 1919–2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Services_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Services Club">Imperial Services Club</a> (late 19th century)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junior_Army_and_Navy_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junior Army and Navy Club (page does not exist)">Junior Army and Navy Club</a> (late 19th century)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junior_United_Service_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junior United Service Club (page does not exist)">Junior United Service Club</a> (late 19th century)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladies%27_Army_and_Navy_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladies' Army and Navy Club (page does not exist)">Ladies' Army and Navy Club</a> (late 19th century)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Educa-<br />tional<br />background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_and_Cambridge_Club" title="Oxford and Cambridge Club">Oxford and Cambridge Club</a> 1830–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Club" title="East India Club">East India Club</a> 1849–present <i> (Incorporating the former <b>Public Schools Club</b>, which now makes up most of its membership)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Women%27s_Club" title="University Women's Club">University Women's Club</a> 1887–present</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_University_Club" title="United University Club">United University Club</a> 1821–1971 <i> (Merged with the <b>Oxford and Cambridge Club</b>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_and_Cambridge_Club" title="Oxford and Cambridge Club">New University Club</a> 1864–1938 <i> (Merged with the <b>United University Club</b>)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eton_and_Harrow_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eton and Harrow Club (page does not exist)">Eton and Harrow Club</a> 1873 – 20th century</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junior_Oxford_and_Cambridge_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junior Oxford and Cambridge Club (page does not exist)">Junior Oxford and Cambridge Club</a> Late 19th century</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Oxford_and_Cambridge_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Oxford and Cambridge Club (page does not exist)">New Oxford and Cambridge Club</a> Late 19th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Schools_Club" title="Public Schools Club">Public Schools Club</a> 1920–1972 <i>(Merged with the <b>East India Club</b>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts">Arts</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences">sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Club,_London" title="Athenaeum Club, London">The Athenaeum</a> (1824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrick_Club" title="Garrick Club">Garrick Club</a> (1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Club" title="Savage Club">Savage Club</a> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arts_Club" title="The Arts Club">The Arts Club</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savile_Club" title="Savile Club">Savile Club</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Arts_Club" title="Chelsea Arts Club">Chelsea Arts Club</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Sketch_Club" title="London Sketch Club">London Sketch Club</a> (1898)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Club" title="Hogarth Club">Hogarth Club</a> (1858–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Athenaeum" title="Junior Athenaeum">Junior Athenaeum</a> (1864–1930s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_Fine_Arts_Club" title="Burlington Fine Arts Club">Burlington Fine Arts Club</a> (1866–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Room_Club" title="Green Room Club">Green Room Club</a> (1877–2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of<br />London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Club" title="City of London Club">City of London Club</a> (1832–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_University_Club" title="City University Club">City University Club</a> (1895–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Livery_Club" title="City Livery Club">City Livery Club</a> (1914–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gresham_Club" title="Gresham Club">Gresham Club</a> (1843–1991)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_City_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New City Club (page does not exist)">New City Club</a> (1862–1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Carlton_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Carlton Club (page does not exist)">City Carlton Club</a> (1868–1940)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Liberal_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Liberal Club (page does not exist)">City Liberal Club</a> (1874–1928)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National<br />connections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Club" title="Caledonian Club">Caledonian Club</a> (1891–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning_Club" title="Canning Club">Canning Club</a> (formerly the Argentine Club; 1910–present)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danish_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danish Club (page does not exist)">Danish Club</a> (1863–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Norske_Klub" title="Den Norske Klub">Den Norske Klub</a> (1887–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Club" title="East India Club">East India Club</a> (1849–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Club" title="Oriental Club">Oriental Club</a> (1824–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Hearth_Club" title="Polish Hearth Club">Polish Hearth Club</a> (1939–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Over-Seas_League" title="Royal Over-Seas League">Royal Over-Seas League</a> (1910–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Club,_London" title="American Club, London">American Club</a> (1919–1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Belgian_Club" title="Anglo-Belgian Club">Anglo-Belgian Club</a> (1942–2012)</li> <li>Irish Club (1950–2010)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandinavian_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scandinavian Club (page does not exist)">Scandinavian Club</a> (late 19th century)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish Club (page does not exist)">Scottish Club</a> (late 19th century)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/16px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/24px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/9px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/14px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/19px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gentlemen%27s_clubs_in_London" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gentlemen's clubs in London">Media</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Gentlemen%27s_clubs_in_London" title="Category:Gentlemen's clubs in London">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925349#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata561" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925349#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata561" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925349#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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