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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Clasificare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasificare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Clasificare</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clasificare-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clasificare subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clasificare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Limbile_semitice_estice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbile_semitice_estice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Limbile semitice estice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbile_semitice_estice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limbile_semitice_vestice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbile_semitice_vestice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Limbile semitice vestice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbile_semitice_vestice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limbile_semitice_nord-vestice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbile_semitice_nord-vestice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Limbile semitice nord-vestice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbile_semitice_nord-vestice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Limbile_canaaneene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbile_canaaneene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Limbile canaaneene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbile_canaaneene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limbile_aramaice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbile_aramaice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Limbile aramaice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbile_aramaice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Araba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Araba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Araba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Araba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limbile_semitice_sudice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbile_semitice_sudice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Limbile semitice sudice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbile_semitice_sudice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limbile_semitice_sud-estice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbile_semitice_sud-estice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.5</span> <span>Limbile semitice sud-estice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbile_semitice_sud-estice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Limbi semitice</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 118 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Асемит бызшәақәа – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Асемит бызшәақәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitiese_taalfamilie" title="Semitiese taalfamilie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Semitiese taalfamilie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitische_Sprachen" title="Semitische Sprachen – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Semitische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B4%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%8A_%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B%E1%8B%8E%E1%89%BD" title="ሴማዊ ቋንቋዎች – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሴማዊ ቋንቋዎች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_semiticas" title="Luengas semiticas – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas semiticas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغات سامية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات سامية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܫܝܡܝܐ – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܫܝܡܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="لغات ساميه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغات ساميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_sem%C3%ADtiques" title="Llingües semítiques – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües semítiques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_dill%C9%99ri" title="Sami dilləri – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sami dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سامی دیللری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سامی دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Семит телдәре – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Семит телдәре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitische_Sprochn" title="Semitische Sprochn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Semitische Sprochn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Семіцкія мовы – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Семіцкія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Сэміцкія мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сэміцкія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Семитски езици – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семитски езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="সেমিটীয় ভাষাসমূহ – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেমিটীয় ভাষাসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_semitek" title="Yezhoù semitek – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù semitek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitski_jezici" title="Semitski jezici – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Semitski jezici" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_sem%C3%ADtiques" title="Llengües semítiques – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües semítiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زمانە سامییەکان – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانە سامییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Semitské jazyky – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Semitské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Семит чĕлхисем – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Семит чĕлхисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Semitaidd" title="Ieithoedd Semitaidd – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Semitaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitiske_sprog" title="Semitiske sprog – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Semitiske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitische_Sprachen" title="Semitische Sprachen – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Semitische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%B1wan%C3%AA_Semitki" title="Zıwanê Semitki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zıwanê Semitki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitiske_r%C4%9Bcy" title="Semitiske rěcy – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Semitiske rěcy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Σημιτικές γλώσσες – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σημιτικές γλώσσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Semitic languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cemida_lingvaro" title="Ŝemida lingvaro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝemida lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_sem%C3%ADticas" title="Lenguas semíticas – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas semíticas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi_keeled" title="Semi keeled – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Semi keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizkuntza_semitikoak" title="Hizkuntza semitikoak – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntza semitikoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های سامی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های سامی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seemil%C3%A4iset_kielet" title="Seemiläiset kielet – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Seemiläiset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitisk_m%C3%A1l" title="Semitisk mál – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Semitisk mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_s%C3%A9mitiques" title="Langues sémitiques – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues sémitiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiitisk_spriaken" title="Semiitisk spriaken – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Semiitisk spriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semityske_talen" title="Semityske talen – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Semityske talen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teangacha_Seim%C3%ADteacha" title="Teangacha Seimíteacha – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teangacha Seimíteacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_sem%C3%ADticas" title="Linguas semíticas – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas semíticas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות שמיות – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות שמיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="सामी भाषाएँ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सामी भाषाएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_bhasa" title="Semitic bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Semitic bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitski_jezici" title="Semitski jezici – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Semitski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitiske_r%C4%9B%C4%8De" title="Semitiske rěče – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Semitiske rěče" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9mi_nyelvek" title="Sémi nyelvek – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sémi nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սեմական լեզուներ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեմական լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_semitic" title="Linguas semitic – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Linguas semitic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Semit" title="Rumpun bahasa Semit – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Semit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semida_lingui" title="Semida lingui – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Semida lingui" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sem%C3%ADsk_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Semísk tungumál – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Semísk tungumál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_semitiche" title="Lingue semitiche – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue semitiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%A0%E8%AA%9E%E6%B4%BE" title="セム語派 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セム語派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სემიტური ენები – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სემიტური ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayin_tisamiyin" title="Tutlayin tisamiyin – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayin tisamiyin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_Bahasa_Semitik" title="Rumpun Bahasa Semitik – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rumpun Bahasa Semitik" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Семит тілдері – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Семит тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%85%88%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="셈어파 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="셈어파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_sam%C3%AE" title="Zimanên samî – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanên samî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yethow_Semitek" title="Yethow Semitek – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yethow Semitek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Семит тилдери – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Семит тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Semiticae" title="Linguae Semiticae – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Semiticae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_semetikas" title="Linguas semetikas – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Linguas semetikas" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_semitica" title="Linguas semitica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas semitica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitische_taole" title="Semitische taole – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Semitische taole" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengue_semitiche" title="Lengue semitiche – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengue semitiche" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semit%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Semitų kalbos – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Semitų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sem%C4%ABtu_valodas" title="Semītu valodas – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Semītu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_semitika" title="Fiteny semitika – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny semitika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Семитски јазици – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Семитски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BD%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B4" title="Семит хэлнүүд – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Семит хэлнүүд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="सामी भाषासमूह – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सामी भाषासमूह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Samiah" title="Bahasa-bahasa Samiah – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa-bahasa Samiah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwi_Semiti%C4%8Bi" title="Lingwi Semitiċi – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwi Semitiċi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitsche_Spraken" title="Semitsche Spraken – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Semitsche Spraken" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitische_talen" title="Semitische talen – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Semitische talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semittiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Semittiske språk – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Semittiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semittiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Semittiske språk – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Semittiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_semiticas" title="Lengas semiticas – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas semiticas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਸਾਮੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਮੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_semickie" title="Języki semickie – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki semickie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_sem%C3%ACtiche" title="Lenghe semìtiche – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenghe semìtiche" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="سامی زباناں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سامی زباناں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90" title="سامي ژبې – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سامي ژبې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_sem%C3%ADticas" title="Línguas semíticas – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas semíticas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Семитские языки – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семитские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbas_sem%C3%ACticas" title="Limbas semìticas – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limbas semìticas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="سامي ٻوليون – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سامي ٻوليون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitski_jezici" title="Semitski jezici – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Semitski jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayin_tisamiyin" title="Tutlayin tisamiyin – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayin tisamiyin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Semitic languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Semitské jazyky – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Semitské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="سامی زباناں – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="سامی زباناں" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitski_jeziki" title="Semitski jeziki – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Semitski jeziki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luqadaha_Semitiga" title="Luqadaha Semitiga – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Luqadaha Semitiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_semitike" title="Gjuhët semitike – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuhët semitike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Семитски језици – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Семитски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitiske_Sproaken" title="Semitiske Sproaken – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Semitiske Sproaken" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Semitiska språk – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Semitiska språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kisemiti" title="Lugha za Kisemiti – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kisemiti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="செமித்திய மொழிகள் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செமித்திய மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="กลุ่มภาษาเซมิติก – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาเซมิติก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_dilleri" title="Sami dilleri – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Sami dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_dilleri" title="Sami dilleri – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sami dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="سامىي تىل ئائىلىسى – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سامىي تىل ئائىلىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Семітські мови – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Семітські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="سامی زبانیں – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سامی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Som_tillari" title="Som tillari – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Som tillari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_t%E1%BB%99c_Semit" title="Ngữ tộc Semit – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ tộc Semit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="闪米特语族 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="闪米特语族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="სემიტური ნინეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სემიტური ნინეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%9F" title="סעמיטישע שפראכן – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סעמיטישע שפראכן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BA%B9%CC%80m%C3%ADt%C3%AD%C3%ACk%C3%AC" title="Sẹ̀mítíìkì – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sẹ̀mítíìkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵎⵉⵢⵉⵏ – tamazight standard marocană" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵎⵉⵢⵉⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight standard marocană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="闪米特语族 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="闪米特语族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%83%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="閃語族 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="閃語族" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34049#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta" cellspacing="0" style="line-height: 1.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="antet limba" style="background-color:yellow">Limbi semitice<br /><i>Limbi siro-arabe</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Distribuire geografică </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia_de_Vest" title="Asia de Vest">Asia de Vest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa_de_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa de Nord">Africa de Nord</a> și de Nord-est, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:yellow">Clasificare lingvistică </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_afro-asiatice" title="Limbi afro-asiatice">Limbi afro-asiatice</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;"><li> Limbi semitice</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Limba proto </th> <td>Limba proto-semitică </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:yellow">Subdiviziuni </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Semitice estice (moarte) <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;"><li> Semitice centrale<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li>Semitice sudice<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Numărul de <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_matern%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbă maternă">vorbitori nativi</a> </th> <td>cc. 470 milioane </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-2 — pagină inexistentă">ISO 639-2</a> </th> <td>sem </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-5 — pagină inexistentă">ISO 639-5</a> </th> <td>sem </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:yellow">Răspândire în lume </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Semitic_languages.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Distribuția subgrupurilor de limbi semitice"><img alt="Distribuția subgrupurilor de limbi semitice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Semitic_languages.svg/300px-Semitic_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Semitic_languages.svg/450px-Semitic_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Semitic_languages.svg/600px-Semitic_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="917" /></a></span><br /><small>Distribuția subgrupurilor de limbi semitice</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Această pagină poate conține caractere <a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajutor:Unicode">Unicode</a>. </td></tr> <tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #yellow solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Familie_limbi" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Limbile semitice</b> fac parte din familia <a href="/wiki/Limbi_afro-asiatice" title="Limbi afro-asiatice">limbilor afro-asiatice</a> (hamito-semitice).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noțiunea de "semitic" a fost creată în anul <a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a> de filologul <a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Ludwig_von_Schl%C3%B6zer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August Ludwig von Schlözer — pagină inexistentă">August Ludwig von Schlözer</a>, profesor la <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a>. Noțiunea face referire la <a href="/wiki/Semi%C8%9Bi" title="Semiți">Sem</a>, personajul <a href="/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia">biblic</a> prezentat în <a href="/wiki/Vechiul_Testament" title="Vechiul Testament">Vechiul Testament</a> ca strămoș al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aramei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aramei — pagină inexistentă">arameilor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asirieni" title="Asirieni">asirienilor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elami%C8%9Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Elamiți">elamiților</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caldeea" title="Caldeea">caldeenilor</a> și <a href="/wiki/Lidia_(stat)" title="Lidia (stat)">lidienilor</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clasificare">Clasificare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasificare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Clasificare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limbile_semitice_estice">Limbile semitice estice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limbile semitice estice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Limbile semitice estice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limba_akkadian%C4%83" title="Limba akkadiană">Akkadiană</a> — moartă</li> <li>Eblaită — moartă</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limbile_semitice_vestice">Limbile semitice vestice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limbile semitice vestice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Limbile semitice vestice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limbile_semitice_nord-vestice">Limbile semitice nord-vestice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limbile semitice nord-vestice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Limbile semitice nord-vestice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Amorită — moartă</li> <li>Ugaritică — moartă</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Limbile_canaaneene">Limbile canaaneene</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limbile canaaneene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Limbile canaaneene"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ammonită — moartă</li> <li>Moabită — moartă</li> <li>Edomită — moartă</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebraic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebraică">Ebraică</a> și neo-ebraică, limbă oficială în <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_fenician%C4%83" title="Limba feniciană">Feniciană</a> — moartă</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Limbile_aramaice">Limbile aramaice</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limbile aramaice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Limbile aramaice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aramaice occidentale: </p> <ul><li>Nabateană — moartă</li></ul> <p>Aramaice central occidentale: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaică">Aramaică</a> iudeo-palestiniană - moartă, folosită ca limba liturgică și scolastică în <a href="/wiki/Iudaism" title="Iudaism">iudaism</a> (Talmudul palestinian, Midrashim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaică">Aramaică</a> Samariteană - moartă, dialect folosit ca limbă liturgică de către <a href="/wiki/Samariteni" title="Samariteni">samariteni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaică">Aramaică</a> palestiniană creștină - moartă</li> <li>Neo-Aramaică occidentală (Ma'alula în <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>) — dialecte vorbite actual</li></ul> <p>Aramaice orientale: </p> <ul><li>Aramaică biblică - moartă</li> <li>Aramaică hatrană - moartă</li> <li>Siriacă - dialecte vorbite actual</li> <li>Aramaică iudeo-babiloneană medie - moartă, folosită ca limbă liturgică și scolastică în <a href="/wiki/Iudaism" title="Iudaism">iudaism</a>, alături de ebraică (Talmudul babilonean, rugăciuni, Kabala)</li> <li>Neo-Aramaică chaldeeană (Alqosh) — dialecte vorbite actual</li> <li>Neo-Aramaică asiriană (Urmia și Hakkari în <a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a>) — dialecte vorbite actual</li> <li>Senaya — dialecte vorbite actual</li> <li>Koy Sanjaq Surat — dialecte vorbite actual</li> <li>Hertevin — dialecte vorbite actual</li> <li>Turoyo — dialecte vorbite actual</li> <li>Mlahso — moartă</li> <li>Mandaică — dialecte vorbite actual</li> <li>Judeo-Aramaică — dialecte vorbite actual</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Araba">Araba</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Araba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Araba"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Vechea nord-arabă - moartă</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabă">Arabă</a>:</li></ul> <p>- Fusha — (اللغة العربية الفصحى "limba arabă elocventă, clară"), limba scrisă împărțită în: </p><p>1) <a href="/wiki/Arab%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabă">arabă</a> clasică </p><p>2) medio-arabă </p><p>3) arabă modernă standard </p><p>Principalele grupări dialectale sunt: </p> <ul><li>Araba egipteană: vorbită de aproape 76 de milioane de egipteni, fiind, varietatea înțeleasă poate cel mai mult, datorită popularitații filmelor și emisiunilor de televiziune egiptene.</li> <li>Araba magrebină (araba algeriană, marocană, tunisiană și malteză și dialectul libian din vest). Dialectele marocan și algerian sunt vorbite de câte 20 de milioane de oameni.</li> <li>Araba levantină (dialectul sirian, libanez și palestinian de vest, iordanian din vest și araba cipriotă maronită).</li> <li>Araba mesopotamiană (vorbită în <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, Anatolia, estul Siriei, Khuzistan) cu diferențe mari între dialectele <i>gilit</i> din sud, și dialectele mult mai conservatoare <i>qeltu</i>, dialectele din zonele nordice.</li> <li>Araba din estul Peninsulei Arabe (estul Arabiei Saudite, Irakul de vest, Siria de est, Iordania și regiuni din Oman).</li> <li>Araba din Golf sau Khalīji (Bahrein, Provincia Saudită de Est, Kuweit, Emiratele Arabe Unite, Qatar și Oman).</li></ul> <p>Alte varietăți includ: </p> <ul><li>Hassānīya (în <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> și Sahara de Est).</li> <li>Araba sudaneză (cu un dialect care se prelungește până în Ciad).</li> <li>Araba din <a href="/wiki/Hedjaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedjaz">Hedjaz</a> (coasta de vest a Arabiei Saudite, nordul Arabiei Saudite, estul Iordaniei, vestul Irakului).</li> <li>Araba din Nedjd (regiunea Nedjd din centrul Arabiei Saudite).</li> <li>Araba din Yemen (din <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> până în sudul Arabiei Saudite).</li> <li>Araba central-asiatică.</li> <li>Araba andalusă (<a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-disambig" title="Iberia">Iberia</a> până în sec. XVII).</li> <li>Araba siciliană (<a href="/wiki/Sicilia" title="Sicilia">Sicilia</a>, sudul Italiei până în sec XIV).</li></ul> <p><b>Malteza</b>, care se vorbește în insula mediteraneană <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, este singura care s-a format ca limbă de sine-stătătoare, cu norme literare independente. Pe lângă fonologie, malteza se aseamănă destul de mult cu varietățile urbane ale arabei tunisiene, deși, pe parcursul istoriei, limba a adoptat numeroase împrumuturi, trasături fonetice și fonologice, dar și câteva tipare gramaticale din <a href="/wiki/Italian%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Italiană">italiană</a>, siciliană și <a href="/wiki/Englez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Engleză">engleză</a>. De asemenea, este singura limbă semitică care se scrie în <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_latin" title="Alfabetul latin">alfabetul latin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Limbile_semitice_sudice">Limbile semitice sudice</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limbile semitice sudice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Limbile semitice sudice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aici intră antica sud-arabică, o limbă moartă acum, dar care se pare că a stat la baza următoarelor limbi: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limba_sabeean%C4%83" title="Limba sabeeană">Sabeeana</a> — moartă</li> <li>Mineană — moartă</li> <li>Qatabaniană — moartă</li> <li>Hadhramawtică — moartă</li> <li>Ge'ez — moartă, folosită doar ca limbă liturgică de către Biserica Ortotoxă din <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a> și <a href="/wiki/Eritreea" title="Eritreea">Eritreea</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_tigrinya" title="Limba tigrinya">Tigrinya</a> — limbă oficială în <a href="/wiki/Eritreea" title="Eritreea">Eritreea</a></li> <li>Tigré</li> <li>Dahlik</li> <li>Amharică sau Amhară — limbă oficială în <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a></li> <li>Argobba</li> <li>Harari</li> <li>Selti (Silt'e)</li> <li>Zway (Zay)</li> <li>Ulbare</li> <li>Wolane</li> <li>Inneqor</li> <li>Gafat — moartă</li> <li>Soddo (Kistane)</li> <li>Goggot</li> <li>Mesmes — moartă</li> <li>Muher</li> <li>Masqan (Mesqan)</li> <li>Ezha</li> <li>Chaha</li> <li>Gura</li> <li>Gumer</li> <li>Gyeto</li> <li>Ennemor (Inor)</li> <li>Endegen</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Limbile_semitice_sud-estice">Limbile semitice sud-estice</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limbile semitice sud-estice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Limbile semitice sud-estice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aceste limbi cu un număr redus de vorbitori sunt prezente în <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> și <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>. </p> <ul><li>Bathari</li> <li>Harsusi</li> <li>Hobyot</li> <li>Jibbali (numită și Shehri)</li> <li>Mehri</li> <li>Soqotri — vorbită în insulele Soqotra, Abd el Kuri ași Samha (Yemen) și în <a href="/wiki/Emiratele_Arabe_Unite" title="Emiratele Arabe Unite">Emiratele Arabe Unite</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_semitice&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad</a> (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/58082"><i>Burning Issues in Afro-Asiatic Linguistics</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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