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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasifikácia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Klasifikácia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Klasifikácia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Klasifikácia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Klasifikácia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Priame_antikoagulanciá" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priame_antikoagulanciá"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Priame antikoagulanciá</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Priame_antikoagulanciá-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Heparíny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heparíny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Heparíny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heparíny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-„Nové“_orálne_antikoagulanciá_(NOAC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#„Nové“_orálne_antikoagulanciá_(NOAC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>„Nové“ orálne antikoagulanciá (NOAC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-„Nové“_orálne_antikoagulanciá_(NOAC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hirudin_a_odvodené_látky." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hirudin_a_odvodené_látky."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Hirudin a odvodené látky.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hirudin_a_odvodené_látky.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nepriame_antikoagulanciá" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nepriame_antikoagulanciá"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Nepriame antikoagulanciá</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nepriame_antikoagulanciá-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zdroje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zdroje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zdroje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zdroje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referencie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Antikoagulans</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 47 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AB%D8%B1" title="مضاد تخثر – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مضاد تخثر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Антикоагулант – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Антикоагулант" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulans" title="Antikoagulans – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Antikoagulans" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anticoagulant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulans" title="Antikoagulans – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antikoagulans" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulans" title="Antikoagulans – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antikoagulans" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B7%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%86%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF" title="Αντιπηκτικό φάρμακο – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντιπηκτικό φάρμακο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Anticoagulant" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulanto" title="Antikoagulanto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Antikoagulanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulante" title="Anticoagulante – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anticoagulante" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulant" title="Antikoagulant – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Antikoagulant" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulatzaile" title="Antikoagulatzaile – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antikoagulatzaile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="ضدانعقاد – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ضدانعقاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulantit" title="Antikoagulantit – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antikoagulantit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anticoagulant" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antaith%C3%A9achtach" title="Antaithéachtach – írčina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Antaithéachtach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F" title="एंटीकौयगुलांट – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एंटीकौयगुलांट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulansi" title="Antikoagulansi – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antikoagulansi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հակամակարդիչներ – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հակամակարդիչներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulan" title="Antikoagulan – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antikoagulan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulante" title="Anticoagulante – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anticoagulante" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E5%87%9D%E5%9B%BA%E8%96%AC" title="抗凝固薬 – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="抗凝固薬" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Антикоагулянттар – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Антикоагулянттар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%9D%91%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%9C" title="항응고제 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="항응고제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Антикоагулянттар – kirgizština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Антикоагулянттар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antitrombotikai" title="Antitrombotikai – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antitrombotikai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulants" title="Antikoagulants – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Antikoagulants" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Антикоагуланс – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Антикоагуланс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulatschoon" title="Antikoagulatschoon – dolná nemčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Antikoagulatschoon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolná nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulantia" title="Anticoagulantia – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anticoagulantia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulant" title="Antikoagulant – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Antikoagulant" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leki_przeciwzakrzepowe" title="Leki przeciwzakrzepowe – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leki przeciwzakrzepowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulante" title="Anticoagulante – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anticoagulante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anticoagulant" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Антикоагулянты – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антикоагулянты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulans" title="Antikoagulans – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antikoagulans" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Anticoagulant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulant" title="Antikoagulant – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antikoagulant" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Антикоагуланс – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Антикоагуланс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikoagulantia" title="Antikoagulantia – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antikoagulantia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhľad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skryť</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">z Wikipédie, slobodnej encyklopédie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><p><b>Antikoagulans</b><sup id="cite_ref-EM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Latin%C4%8Dina" title="Latinčina">lat.</a> <span style="cursor:help" lang="la" dir="ltr" title="latinsky"><i>anticoagulans</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-EM_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) alebo <b>antikoagulancium</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> je <a href="/wiki/Lie%C4%8Divo" title="Liečivo">liečivo</a>, ktoré znižuje zrážanlivosť krvi (<a href="/wiki/Zr%C3%A1%C5%BEanie_krvi" title="Zrážanie krvi">hemokoaguláciu</a>). Svojím účinkom blokuje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koagula%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_faktory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koagulačné faktory (stránka neexistuje)">koagulačné faktory</a>, a tým aj proces koagulácie. </p><p>Antikoagulanciá sa používajú v profylaxii a liečbe <a href="/wiki/Hlbok%C3%A1_%C5%BEilov%C3%A1_tromb%C3%B3za" title="Hlboká žilová trombóza">žilovej trombózy</a>, embolizácie do pľúc a intrakavitálnej trombózy v dutinách srdca. Patria medzi <a href="/wiki/Antitrombotikum" title="Antitrombotikum">antitrombotiká</a>, lieky, zabraňujúce vytváraniu krvnej zrazeniny, spolu s <a href="/wiki/Antiagregans" title="Antiagregans">antiagreganciami</a>, ktoré pôsobia proti zhlukovaniu <a href="/wiki/Trombocyt" class="mw-redirect" title="Trombocyt">trombocytov</a> (krvných doštičiek), endotel protektívnymi látkami a <a href="/wiki/Fibrinolytikum" title="Fibrinolytikum">fibrinolytikami</a>, ktoré lyzujú fibrínové vlákna vo vznikajúcej krvnej zrazenine a tak ju rozpúšťajú. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klasifikácia"><span id="Klasifik.C3.A1cia"></span>Klasifikácia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Klasifikácia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Klasifikácia"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antikoagulanciá sa delia na používané in vivo – u pacientov ako lieky (heparín a jeho deriváty, warfarin, xabány atď.) a in vitro – na zaistenie tekutosti krvi po odbere na vyšetrenie (heparín, oxalát sodný, citrát sodný, EDTA). </p><p>Ďalšie rozdelenie antikoagulancií, používaných ako lieky, je podľa ich mechanizmu účinku na priame a nepriame. Priame inaktivujú vytvorené <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koagula%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_faktory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koagulačné faktory (stránka neexistuje)">koagulačné faktory</a> v krvnej plazme, zatiaľ čo nepriame spomaľujú ich tvorbu, spravidla v pečeni. </p><p>Priame antikoagulanciá sú heparín a jeho deriváty – nízkomolekulárne heparíny, pentasacharidy, ďalej hirudiny, gatrany a xabany. </p><p>Nepriame antikoagulanciá sú warfarin a ethylbiskumacetát </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priame_antikoagulanciá"><span id="Priame_antikoagulanci.C3.A1"></span>Priame antikoagulanciá</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Priame antikoagulanciá" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Priame antikoagulanciá"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Priame antikoangulanciá blokujú predovšetkým trombín a/alebo faktor Xa. Trombín je kľúčový proteín koagulačnej kaskády, ktorý aktivuje rad koagulačných faktorov, končiaci premenou rozpustného fibrinogénu na nerozpustný fibrín v krvnej zrazenine. </p><p>Nepriame inhibítory trombínu (faktoru Xa) pôsobia prostredníctvom aktivácie prirodzeného inhibítora trombínu – antitrombínu (AT III). Sú teda závislé na prítomnosti endogénnych inhibítorov. Tak fungujú napr. heparíny. Priame inhibítory trombínu  (faktoru Xa) sa viažu na trombín (faktor Xa), čím ho blokujú. Takto pôsobia gatrany a hirudíny. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Heparíny"><span id="Hepar.C3.ADny"></span>Heparíny</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Heparíny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Heparíny"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hepar%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heparín (stránka neexistuje)">Heparín</a> je zmes kyslých mukopolysacharidov, bežne sa vyskytujúcich v organizme. Terapeuticky sa využíva heparin nefrakcionovaný, nízkomolekulárny a pentasacharidy. </p><p><i>Nefrakcionovaný (prirodzený) heparin</i> aktivuje AT III, ktorý ireverzibilne inaktivuje trombín a niektoré ďalšie koagulačné faktory (napr. faktor Xa). Má nasledujúce vlastnosti: neprechádza placentou a preto je vhodný pre použitie v tehotenstve. Má špecifické antidotum – protamín. Podáva sa vnútrožilovo alebo podkožne. Jeho účinok je variabilný, preto ho treba pravidelne po 6 hodinách kontrolovať vyšetrením  APTT. Nežiaduce účinky sú krvácanie pri predávkovaní, možná <a href="/wiki/Alergia" title="Alergia">alergická</a> reakcia, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trombocytop%C3%A9nia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trombocytopénia (stránka neexistuje)">trombocytopénia</a> (zníženie počtu krvných doštičiek), pri dlhodobom podávaní <a href="/wiki/Osteopor%C3%B3za" title="Osteoporóza">osteoporóza</a>. </p><p><i>Nízkomolekulárne heparíny</i> (anglicky: low molecular weight heparin, LMWH) majú kratšie reťazce molekúl, ktoré vznikajú rozštiepením molekuly heparinu. Pôsobia podobne, ako nefrakcionovaný heparin (inaktivujú však predovšetkým faktor Xa), ale sú bezpečnejšie, majú výhodnejšiu farmakokinetiku a menej nežiaducich účinkov. Dobre sa vstrebávajú a preto sa podávajú podkožne. Nemusí sa kontrolovať APTT. Používa sa hlavne enoxaparin. </p><p><i>Pentasacharidy</i> sú synteticky pripravené reťazce piatich <a href="/wiki/Sacharid" title="Sacharid">sacharidových</a> jednotiek, odvodené od heparínu. Prostredníctvom AT III inaktivujú faktor Xa. Sú bezpečnejšie, podávajú sa podkožne, nie je nutná kontrola APTT, nevýhodou je vyššia cena. Používa sa  fondaparinux. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="„Nové“_orálne_antikoagulanciá_(NOAC)"><span id=".E2.80.9ENov.C3.A9.E2.80.9C_or.C3.A1lne_antikoagulanci.C3.A1_.28NOAC.29"></span>„Nové“ orálne antikoagulanciá (NOAC)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: „Nové“ orálne antikoagulanciá (NOAC)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce „Nové“ orálne antikoagulanciá (NOAC)"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sú to pomerne nedávno vyvinuté antikoagulanciá, ktoré je možné na rozdiel od ostatných priamych antikoagulancií podávať ústami. Ich výhodou oproti nepriamym orálnym antikoagulanciám (warfarinu) je predvídateľný účinok, takže v priebehu liečby nie sú potrebné opakované kontroly účinku. </p><p><i>Gatrany</i> priamo inhibujú trombín. Podávajú sa ústami, účinkujú rýchlo a dlhodobo. Dajú sa použiť v profylaxii tromboembolizmu v ortopédii a pri fibrilácii srdcových predsiení. Používa sa napr. dabigatran. </p><p><i>Xabany</i> priamo inhibujú faktor Xa. Podávajú sa ústami, sú dobre účinné v profylaxii tromboembolizmu vo všetkých indikáciach. Používajú sa rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hirudin_a_odvodené_látky."><span id="Hirudin_a_odvoden.C3.A9_l.C3.A1tky."></span>Hirudin a odvodené látky.</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hirudin a odvodené látky." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Hirudin a odvodené látky."><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hirudin je prírodný antikoagulačný peptid, produkovaný pijavicami (Hirudo medicinalis). Má dobré vlastnosti, ale je drahý. Rekombinantnou technológiou sa vyrába odvodená látka desirudin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nepriame_antikoagulanciá"><span id="Nepriame_antikoagulanci.C3.A1"></span>Nepriame antikoagulanciá</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Nepriame antikoagulanciá" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Nepriame antikoagulanciá"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nepriame antikoagulanciá sú kompetitívni antagonisti vitamínu K. Znižujú tvorbu vitamín K – dependentných koagulačných faktorov (faktorov II, VII, IV, X a aj antikoagulačných proteínov C a S). Vrchol ich účinku nastupuje asi za 3 dni. Ich účinnosť je ovplyvnená množstvom vitaminu K v potrave a množstvom liekových interakcii, ovplyvnením vstrebávania, väzby na krvný albumín a biotransformácie. </p><p>Nežiaducim účinkom je krvácanie. V tom prípade treba liečbu prerušiť, prípadne podať vitamín K, pri ohrozujúcom krvácaní krvnú plazmu, ktorá obsahuje chýbajúce koagulačné faktory. Používa sa takmer výhradne kumarínový derivát warfarin. Na začiatku liečby dochádza ku krátkodobému prokoagulačnému účinku warfarinu, pretože sa zníži aj syntéza proteínu C a S. Preto sa na začiatku liečby súčasne podávajú heparíny, ktoré pokryjú obdobie do nástupu plného účinku warfarinu. Nespoľahlivosť účinku kumarínov vyžaduje pravidelné kontroly účinnosti liečby – vyšetrenia parametra zrážanlivosti krvi INR (International Normalized Ratio, predtým protrombínový čas). Warfarin slúži na profylaxiu tromboembolizmu pri poruche srdcov0ho rytmu <a href="/wiki/Fibril%C3%A1cia_predsien%C3%AD" title="Fibrilácia predsiení">fibrilácii predsiení</a>, po implantácii mechanických chlopňových protéz a pri <a href="/wiki/Hlbok%C3%A1_%C5%BEilov%C3%A1_tromb%C3%B3za" title="Hlboká žilová trombóza">žilovej trombóze</a>. V súčasnosti je lacný warfarin často nahradzovaný drahšími, ale často spoľahlivejšími gatranmi a xabánmi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zdroje">Zdroje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zdroje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zdroje"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Článok je aktualizovaný a doplnený preklad z českej verzie Wikipédie (verzia z 8.12.2016)</li> <li>Portál ADC.sk, PharmINFO spol. s r.o. Bratislava, online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.adc.sk/">https://www.adc.sk/</a></li> <li>Slovenský hematologický portál Hematology.sk: Rozdelenie antitrombotík. Dostupné online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://hematology.sk/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=144">http://hematology.sk/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=144</a> Aktualizované 30.7.2007, citované 28.3.2018</li> <li>Kvasnička, Jan: Intravenózní antitrombotika a trombolytika. Remedia, 2014, 6,  Medical Tribune CZ, s.r.o., Praha. Dostupné online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.remedia.cz/Archiv-rocniku/Rocnik-2014/6-2014/Intravenozni-antitrombotika-a-trombolytika/e-1AD-1MK-1MW.magarticle.aspx">http://www.remedia.cz/Archiv-rocniku/Rocnik-2014/6-2014/Intravenozni-antitrombotika-a-trombolytika/e-1AD-1MK-1MW.magarticle.aspx</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Referencie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-EM_1-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EM_1-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">anticoagulans. In: KADLEC, Oskár, ed. <i> <a href="/wiki/Encyklop%C3%A9dia_medic%C3%ADny" title="Encyklopédia medicíny">Encyklopédia medicíny</a></i>. Bratislava: Asklepios, 1993 – 2004. <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/8071670081" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 80-7167-008-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">antikoagulancium. In: <i>Slovník cudzích slov (akademický)</i>, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovniky.juls.savba.sk/?d=scs">dostupné online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">LANGOVÁ, T. <i>Anglicko-slovenský slovník medicíny</i>. 2. vydanie. Bratislava: VEDA, 1998. <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/8022405272" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 80-224-0527-2</a>. s. 44</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Zdroj: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&oldid=6788559">https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antikoagulans&oldid=6788559</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kateg%C3%B3rie" title="Špeciálne:Kategórie">Kategórie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Hematol%C3%B3gia" title="Kategória:Hematológia">Hematológia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Lie%C4%8Div%C3%A1" title="Kategória:Liečivá">Liečivá</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrytá kategória: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Str%C3%A1nky_s_magick%C3%BDmi_odkazmi_ISBN" title="Kategória:Stránky s magickými odkazmi ISBN">Stránky s magickými odkazmi ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Dátum a čas poslednej úpravy tejto stránky: 7. február 2019, 08:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text je dostupný za podmienok <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 4.0 Unported</a>; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. 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