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r="6"></circle><line class="path" x1="15.59" y1="15.59" x2="20.65" y2="20.65"></line></svg> <span class="mfn-close-icon icon_close" tabindex="0"><span class="icon">✕</span></span> <input type="text" class="field" name="s" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Arama" aria-label="Arama" /> <input type="submit" class="display-none" value="" aria-label="Search"/> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="Subheader"><div class="container"><div class="column one"><h1 class="title">4.2 Bilimsel iletişim çıktısına dönüştürme</h1><ul class="breadcrumbs no-link"><li><a href="https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr">Anasayfa</a> <span class="mfn-breadcrumbs-separator"><i class="icon-right-open"></i></span></li><li><a href="https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/acik-veri-acik-bilim/">Araştırma Verileri Yönetimi</a> <span class="mfn-breadcrumbs-separator"><i class="icon-right-open"></i></span></li><li><a href="https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/acik-veri-acik-bilim/bolum-4-veriyi-analiz-etme/">Bölüm 4: Veriyi analiz etme</a> <span class="mfn-breadcrumbs-separator"><i class="icon-right-open"></i></span></li><li><a href="https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/acik-veri-acik-bilim/bolum-4-veriyi-analiz-etme/4-2-bilimsel-iletisim-ciktisina-donusturme/">4.2 Bilimsel iletişim çıktısına dönüştürme</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div>  <div id="Content" role="main"> <div class="content_wrapper clearfix"> <main class="sections_group"> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="mainContentOfPage"> <div data-id="490" class="mfn-builder-content mfn-default-content-buider"></div><section class="section mcb-section the_content has_content"><div class="section_wrapper"><div class="the_content_wrapper "><div class="wpb-content-wrapper"><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: justify;">Bilimsel çalışmayı, bilimsel çalışma yapan tekrarlanabilir olmasıdır [<a href="https://www.nature.com/news/1-500-scientists-lift-the-lid-on-reproducibility-1.19970" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="1 (yeni sekmede açılır)">1</a>, <a href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/node/200618.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="2 (yeni sekmede açılır)">2</a>]. Sonuçları tekrarlanamayan bir çalışmanın kıymeti olmayacaktır. Diğer taraftan bilimsel çalışmalar oldukça karmaşık süreçlerden oluşmaktadır. Tekrarlanmalarını kolaylaştıracak şey iyi dokümantasyondur. Kısaca dokümantasyon üstveri (veri hakkında veri) ve işlem üstverisinden (veriyi işlemek, manipüle ve analiz etmek için gerekli veri) oluşur. Verinin kökeni, <a href="https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/acik-veri-acik-bilim/bolum-3-veri-isleme/3-3-veri-kontrolu-ve-veri-temizleme/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="temizlenmesi (yeni sekmede açılır)">temizlenmesi</a>, ayıklanması, dönüştürülmesi vb. hep bu kapsam altındadır.</p> <p> </p> <p class="has-large-font-size" style="text-align: justify;">İş akışları</p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;">İşlem üstverisinin formel hâle getirilmesine iş akışı denir [<a href="http://www.dataone.org/sites/all/documents/L10_Analysis%20Workflows.pptx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="3 (yeni sekmede açılır)">3</a>]. Yâni, bir projedeki tüm prosedürlerin açık ve kesin bir şekilde tanımlanmasıdır. İşletme biliminde de de sıklıkla kullanılan iş akışı, araştırma verileri yönetimi bağlamında verinin alınması, dönüştürülmesi ve analizi adımlarını içerir. İş akışının temelde üç bileşeni vardır:</p> <p> </p> <ul class="wp-block-list" style="text-align: justify;"> <li>Girdi, gereken bilgi ve materyaller</li> <li>Çıktı, üretilen bilgi ve materyaller</li> <li>Dönüştürme kuralları ve algoritmaları</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Sıcaklık ve tuz oranı ile ilgili bir çevre bilimleri çalışması için informel bir iş akışı örneği verecek olursak [<a href="http://www.dataone.org/sites/all/documents/L10_Analysis%20Workflows.pptx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="3 (yeni sekmede açılır)">3</a>]:</p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;">İlk girdiler ham sıcaklık ve tuz oranı verileridir. Bu veriler R yazılımına yüklenir. Bu işlemin çıktısı olan veri R formatındadır. Bu çıktı, bir sonraki aşama olan kalite kontrol ve veri temizleme adımları için girdi olacaktır. Bu adımın çıktısı ise “temizlenmiş” sıcaklık ve tuzluluk verisidir, ki analiz için de girdiyi oluşturmaktadır. Analizin çıktısı ise örneğin aylık ortalama ve standart sapma verisidir. Sonraki aşama da görselleştirme olabilir.</p> <p> </p> <figure class="wp-block-image" style="text-align: justify;"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" class="wp-image-1524" src="https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Basit-iş-akışı-1-1024x576.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Basit-iş-akışı-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Basit-iş-akışı-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Basit-iş-akışı-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Basit-iş-akışı-1-260x146.jpg 260w, https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Basit-iş-akışı-1-50x28.jpg 50w, https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Basit-iş-akışı-1-133x75.jpg 133w, https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Basit-iş-akışı-1.jpg 1280w, https://acikveri.ulakbim.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Basit-iş-akışı-1-1200x675.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption>Şekil 1 – Sıcaklık ve tuz oranı verisi analizi için basit iş akışı</figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;">İş akışları birbirlerine eklemlenebilir ve böylece çok daha karmaşık bilimsel süreçlerin tanımlanması mümkün olur. Özellikle karmaşık iş akışlarını tanımlamak ve diğer araştırmacılarla paylaşmak için Kepler [<a href="https://kepler-project.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="4 (yeni sekmede açılır)">4</a>] veya VisTrails [<a href="https://www.vistrails.org/index.php/Main_Page" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="5 (yeni sekmede açılır)">5</a>] gibi iş akışı yazılımlarından destek alınabilir.</p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Sonuç olarak, bilim daha bilgisayımsal hâle gelmektedir. Bu yüzden bilimsel süreçlerin de benzer şekilde dokümente edilmesi gerekmektedir. İş akışları, bilimsel süreçlerin detayları ortaya koyduğu, çıktıların tam olarak meydana geldiğini dokümente ettiği ve tüm karmaşık süreçleri (sensör ağlarından istatistik programlarına, farklı veri setlerinin entegrasyonundan veri görselleştirmeye, algoritmalardan otomazizasyona kadar) tek bir doküman ile ifade ettiği çok faydalıdır. Diğer biliminsanları ile bu süreçlerin bu detayda paylaşılması bilimsel ilerleminin önünü açacaktır.</p> <p> </p> <h4 class="wp-block-heading">Kaynaklar</h4> <p> </p> <p>[1] Baker, M. (2016). <a href="https://www.nature.com/news/1-500-scientists-lift-the-lid-on-reproducibility-1.19970" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility (yeni sekmede açılır)">1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility</a>. <em>Nature News</em> 533, 452–454.</p> <p> </p> <p>[2] Goodman, S. N., Fanelli, D. & Ioannidis J. P. A. (2016). <a href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/node/200618.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="What does research reproducibility mean? (yeni sekmede açılır)">What does research reproducibility mean?</a>. <em>Science Translational Medicine,</em> 8, 341ps12.</p> <p> </p> <p>[3] DataONE. (2012). <a href="http://www.dataone.org/sites/all/documents/L10_Analysis Workflows.pptx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="DataONE Education Module: Analysis and Workflows (yeni sekmede açılır)">DataONE Education Module: Analysis and Workflows</a>. DataONE, USA.</p> <p> </p> <p>[4] Kepler. (2016). <a href="https://kepler-project.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="The Kepler Project (yeni sekmede açılır)">The Kepler Project</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>[5] VisTraili. (2016). <a href="https://www.vistrails.org/index.php/Main_Page" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Main Page (yeni sekmede açılır)">Main Page</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>*Bu sayfa <a href="http://stps.metu.edu.tr/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Politikaları Bölümü</a> öğretim üyesi <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/arsevumuraydinoglu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Arsev Umur Aydınoğlu</a> tarafından 2019 yılında hazırlanmıştır.</p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <hr class=" hr_color" style="margin:0 auto 30px;"/> <div class="column one-fourth mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"><a class="content_link " 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