CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: foot reflexology</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: foot reflexology"> <meta name="keywords" content="foot reflexology"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="foot reflexology" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="foot reflexology"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 284</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: foot reflexology</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Effect of Foot Reflexology Treatment on Arterial Blood Gases among Mechanically Ventilated Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Salah%20Abdullah%20Ismail">Maha Salah Abdullah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20S.%20Ismail"> Manal S. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20M.%20Saleh"> Amir M. Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reflexology treatment is a method for enhancing body relaxation. It is a widely recognized as an alternative therapy, effective for many health conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of reflexology treatment on arterial blood gases among mechanically ventilated patients. A quasi-experimental (pre and post-test) research design was used. Research hypothesis was mechanically ventilated patients who will receive the reflexology treatment will have improvement in their arterial blood gases than those who will not. The current study was carried out in different Intensive Care Units at the Cairo University Hospitals. A purposeful sample of 100 adults’ mechanically ventilated patients was recruited over a period of three months of data collection. The participants were divided into two equally matched groups; (1) The study group who has received the routine care, in addition, two reflexology sessions on the feet, (2) The control group who has received only the routine care. One tool was utilized to collect data pertinent to the study; mechanically ventilated patients' data sheet that consists of demographic and medical data. Result: Majority (58% of the study group and 82% of the control group) were males, with mean age of 50.9 years in both groups. Patients who received the reflexology treatment significantly increase in the oxygen saturation pre second session (t=5.15, p=.000), immediate post sessions (t=4.4, p=.000) and post two hours (t= 4.7, p= .000). The study group was more likely to have lower PaO2 (F=5.025, p=.015), PaCo2 (F=4.952, p=.025) and higher HCo3 (F=15.211, p=.000) than the control group. Conclusion: This study results support the positive effect of reflexology treatment in improving some arterial blood gases among mechanically ventilated patients’ with the conventional therapy as in the study group there was increase in the oxygen saturation. In differences between groups there decrease PaO2, PaCo2 and increase HCo3 in the study group. Recommendation: Nurses should be trained how to demonstrate the foot reflexology among mechanically ventilated patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arterial%20blood%20gases" title="arterial blood gases">arterial blood gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot" title=" foot"> foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20ventilated%20patient" title=" mechanical ventilated patient"> mechanical ventilated patient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflexology" title=" reflexology"> reflexology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81864/effect-of-foot-reflexology-treatment-on-arterial-blood-gases-among-mechanically-ventilated-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> Coconut Shells as the Alternative Equipment for Foot Reflexology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nichanant%20Sermsri">Nichanant Sermsri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chananchida%20Yuktirat"> Chananchida Yuktirat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research was the experimental research. Its purpose was to find out how coconut shells can be adapted to be equipment for foot and calf reflexology. The sample group was 58 female street vendors in Thewet Market, Dusit District, Bangkok, selected by selection criteria and voluntary. The data collecting tool in this research was the Visual Analogue Scale. The massaging tool made from coconut shells (designed and produced by the research team) was the key equipment for this research. The duration of the research was 1 month. The research team assessed the level of exhaustion and heart rate among sample group before and after the massage, then analyzed the data by mean, standard deviation and paired sample t-test. We found out from the research that 1) The level of exhaustion decreased 4.529 levels after the massage. The standard deviation was 1.6195. The heart rates went down 11.67 times/minute. The standard deviation was 6.742. 2) The level of exhaustion and heart rate after the massage decreased with the statistically significance at 0.01. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20reflexology" title="foot reflexology">foot reflexology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=massaging%20plate" title=" massaging plate"> massaging plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coconut%20shells" title=" coconut shells"> coconut shells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20sciences" title=" ecological sciences"> ecological sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6686/coconut-shells-as-the-alternative-equipment-for-foot-reflexology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> The Effect of Exercise, Reflexology and Chrome on Metabolic Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Arslan">F. Arslan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.D.%20Guven"> S.D. Guven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20%C3%96zcan"> A. Özcan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Vatansev"> H. Vatansev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96.%20Ta%C5%9Fgin"> Ö. Taşgin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Weight, hypertension and dyslipidemia control and increased physical activity are required for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (METS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of core exercise, reflexology and intake chrome picolinate on METS. This study comprised a twelve-week randomized controlled trial. A total of 25 university workers with metabolic risk factors participated in this study voluntarily. They were randomly divided into three groups: Those undertaking a core exercise program (n=7), reflexology intervention group (n=8) and intake chrome group (n=10). The subjects took part in a core exercise program for one hour per day, three days a week and a reflexology interfered for thirty minutes per day, one days a week and chrome group took chrome picolinate every day in week for twelve weeks. The components of metabolic syndrome were analyzed before and after the completion of all the intervention. There were significant differences at pre-prandial blood glucose in the core exercise group and at systolic blood pressure in chrome group after the twelve week interventions (p < 0.005). While High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) excluding the components of METS decreased after the interventions on the all groups; levels of HDL and the other components of METS decreased in reflexology group. There was a clear response to the twelve-week interventions in terms of METS control. Besides, the reflexology intervention should not be applied to individuals with low HDL levels and core exercise and intake chrome picolinate suggested to improve the components of METS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title="blood pressure">blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index" title=" body mass index"> body mass index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=METS" title=" METS"> METS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-prandial%20blood%20glucose" title=" pre-prandial blood glucose"> pre-prandial blood glucose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35002/the-effect-of-exercise-reflexology-and-chrome-on-metabolic-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> A Pilot Study on the Development and Validation of an Instrument to Evaluate Inpatient Beliefs, Expectations and Attitudes toward Reflexology (IBEAR)-16</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Attias">Samuel Attias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elad%20Schiff"> Elad Schiff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahi%20Arnon"> Zahi Arnon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eran%20Ben-Arye"> Eran Ben-Arye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yael%20Keshet"> Yael Keshet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Matter"> Ibrahim Matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boker%20Lital%20Keinan"> Boker Lital Keinan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Despite the extensive use of manual therapies, reflexology in particular, no validated tools have been developed to evaluate patients' beliefs, attitudes and expectations regarding reflexology. Such tools however are essential to improve the results of the reflexology treatment, by better adjusting it to the patients' attitudes and expectations. The tool also enables assessing correlations with clinical results of interventional studies using reflexology. Methods: The IBEAR (Inpatient Beliefs, Expectations and Attitudes toward Reflexology) tool contains 25 questions (8 demographic and 17 specifically addressing reflexology), and was constructed in several stages: brainstorming by a multidisciplinary team of experts; evaluation of each of the proposed questions by the experts' team; and assessment of the experts' degree of agreement per each question, based on a Likert 1-7 scale (1 – don't agree at all; 7 – agree completely). Cronbach's Alpha was computed to evaluate the questionnaire's reliability while the Factor analysis test was used for further validation (228 patients). The questionnaire was tested and re-tested (48h) on a group of 199 patients to assure clarity and reliability, using the Pearson coefficient and the Kappa test. It was modified based on these results into its final form. Results: After its construction, the IBEAR questionnaire passed the expert group's preliminary consensus, evaluation of the questions' clarity (from 5.1 to 7.0), inner validation (from 5.5 to 7) and structural validation (from 5.5 to 6.75). Factor analysis pointed to two content worlds in a division into 4 questions discussing attitudes and expectations versus 5 questions on belief and attitudes. Of the 221 questionnaires collected, a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated on nine questions relating to beliefs, expectations, and attitudes regarding reflexology. This measure stood at 0.716 (satisfactory reliability). At the Test-Retest stage, 199 research participants filled in the questionnaire a second time. The Pearson coefficient for all questions ranged between 0.73 and 0.94 (good to excellent reliability). As for dichotomic answers, Kappa scores ranged between 0.66 and 1.0 (mediocre to high). One of the questions was removed from the IBEAR following questionnaire validation. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence that the proposed IBEAR-16 questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for the characterization of potential reflexology patients and may be effectively used in settings which include the evaluation of inpatients' beliefs, expectations, and attitudes toward reflexology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflexology" title="reflexology">reflexology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title=" attitude"> attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expectation" title=" expectation"> expectation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=belief" title=" belief"> belief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAM" title=" CAM"> CAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inpatient" title=" inpatient"> inpatient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74759/a-pilot-study-on-the-development-and-validation-of-an-instrument-to-evaluate-inpatient-beliefs-expectations-and-attitudes-toward-reflexology-ibear-16" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> A Robust System for Foot Arch Type Classification from Static Foot Pressure Distribution Data Using Linear Discriminant Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Periyasamy">R. Periyasamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Joshi"> Deepak Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sneh%20Anand"> Sneh Anand </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foot posture assessment is important to evaluate foot type, causing gait and postural defects in all age groups. Although different methods are used for classification of foot arch type in clinical/research examination, there is no clear approach for selecting the most appropriate measurement system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a system for evaluation of foot type as clinical decision-making aids for diagnosis of flat and normal arch based on the Arch Index (AI) and foot pressure distribution parameter - Power Ratio (PR) data. The accuracy of the system was evaluated for 27 subjects with age ranging from 24 to 65 years. Foot area measurements (hind foot, mid foot, and forefoot) were acquired simultaneously from foot pressure intensity image using portable PedoPowerGraph system and analysis of the image in frequency domain to obtain foot pressure distribution parameter - PR data. From our results, we obtain 100% classification accuracy of normal and flat foot by using the linear discriminant analysis method. We observe there is no misclassification of foot types because of incorporating foot pressure distribution data instead of only arch index (AI). We found that the mid-foot pressure distribution ratio data and arch index (AI) value are well correlated to foot arch type based on visual analysis. Therefore, this paper suggests that the proposed system is accurate and easy to determine foot arch type from arch index (AI), as well as incorporating mid-foot pressure distribution ratio data instead of physical area of contact. Hence, such computational tool based system can help the clinicians for assessment of foot structure and cross-check their diagnosis of flat foot from mid-foot pressure distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arch%20index" title="arch index">arch index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20tool" title=" computational tool"> computational tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20foot%20pressure%20intensity%20image" title=" static foot pressure intensity image"> static foot pressure intensity image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20pressure%20distribution" title=" foot pressure distribution"> foot pressure distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20discriminant%20analysis" title=" linear discriminant analysis"> linear discriminant analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13085/a-robust-system-for-foot-arch-type-classification-from-static-foot-pressure-distribution-data-using-linear-discriminant-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of Diabetic Patients Regarding Diabetic Foot Care, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reda%20Goweda">Reda Goweda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Shatla"> Mokhtar Shatla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arawa%20Alzaidi"> Arawa Alzaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arij%20Alzaidi"> Arij Alzaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashair%20Aldhawani"> Bashair Aldhawani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hibah%20Alharbi"> Hibah Alharbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noran%20Sultan"> Noran Sultan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniah%20Alnemari"> Daniah Alnemari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badr%20Rawa"> Badr Rawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: 20.5% of Saudis between 20 and 79 years are diabetics. Diabetic foot is a chronic complication of diabetes. The incidence of non traumatic lower extremity amputations is at least 15 times greater in those with diabetes than non diabetics. Patient education is important to reduce lower extremity complications. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of the diabetic patients regarding foot care and diabetic foot complications. Methods: In Makkah hospitals, 350 diabetic patients who met the inclusion criteria were involved in this cross sectional study. Interviewing questionnaire and patients’ charts review were used to collect the data. Results: Mean age of patients was 53.0083±13.1 years, and mean duration of diabetes was 11.24±8.7 years. 35.1% had history of foot ulcer while 25.7% had ulcer on the time of interview. 11.7 % had history of amputation and 83.1% had numbness. 77.1 % examine their feet while 49.1% received foot care education and 34% read handouts on foot care. 34% walk around in bare feet. There is a significant statistical association between foot education, foot care practices, and diabetic foot ulcer (p-value < 0.022). Conclusion: Patient knowledge and practices regarding diabetic foot care is significantly associated with the reduction of diabetic foot ulcer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title="knowledge">knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practice" title=" practice"> practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title=" attitude"> attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot" title=" foot"> foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=care" title=" care"> care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33954/assessment-of-knowledge-and-practices-of-diabetic-patients-regarding-diabetic-foot-care-in-makkah-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> Dynamic Foot Pressure Measurement System Using Optical Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanapon%20Keatsamarn">Tanapon Keatsamarn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuchart%20Pintavirooj"> Chuchart Pintavirooj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foot pressure measurement provides necessary information for diagnosis diseases, foot insole design, disorder prevention and other application. In this paper, dynamic foot pressure measurement is presented for pressure measuring with high resolution and accuracy. The dynamic foot pressure measurement system consists of hardware and software system. The hardware system uses a transparent acrylic plate and uses steel as the base. The glossy white paper is placed on the top of the transparent acrylic plate and covering with a black acrylic on the system to block external light. Lighting from LED strip entering around the transparent acrylic plate. The optical sensors, the digital cameras, are underneath the acrylic plate facing upwards. They have connected with software system to process and record foot pressure video in avi file. Visual Studio 2017 is used for software system using OpenCV library. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot" title="foot">foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20pressure" title=" foot pressure"> foot pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20sensors" title=" optical sensors"> optical sensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89148/dynamic-foot-pressure-measurement-system-using-optical-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">277</span> Foot Recognition Using Deep Learning for Knee Rehabilitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakkrit%20Duangsoithong">Rakkrit Duangsoithong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jermphiphut%20Jaruenpunyasak"> Jermphiphut Jaruenpunyasak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alba%20Garcia"> Alba Garcia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of foot recognition can be applied in many medical fields such as the gait pattern analysis and the knee exercises of patients in rehabilitation. Generally, a camera-based foot recognition system is intended to capture a patient image in a controlled room and background to recognize the foot in the limited views. However, this system can be inconvenient to monitor the knee exercises at home. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes to use the deep learning method using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for foot recognition. The results are compared with the traditional classification method using LBP and HOG features with kNN and SVM classifiers. According to the results, deep learning method provides better accuracy but with higher complexity to recognize the foot images from online databases than the traditional classification method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20recognition" title="foot recognition">foot recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20rehabilitation" title=" knee rehabilitation"> knee rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20network" title=" convolutional neural network"> convolutional neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105495/foot-recognition-using-deep-learning-for-knee-rehabilitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">276</span> Stature and Gender Estimation Using Foot Measurements in South Indian Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagadish%20Rao%20Padubidri">Jagadish Rao Padubidri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehak%20Bhandary"> Mehak Bhandary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sowmya%20J.%20Rao"> Sowmya J. Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The significance of the human foot and its measurements in identifying an individual has been proved a lot of times by different studies in different geographical areas and its association to the stature and gender of the individual has been justified by many researches. In our study we have used different foot measurements including the length, width, malleol height and navicular height for establishing its association to stature and gender and to find out its accuracy. The purpose of this study is to show the relation of foot measurements with stature and gender, and to derive Multiple and Logistic regression equations for stature and gender estimation in South Indian population. Materials and Methods: The subjects for this study were 200 South Indian students out of which 100 were females and 100 were males, aged between 18 to 24 years. The data for the present study included the stature, foot length, foot breath, foot malleol height, foot navicular height of both right and left foot. Descriptive statistics, T-test and Pearson correlation coefficients were derived between stature, gender and foot measurements. The stature was estimated from right and left foot measurements for both male and female South Indian population using multiple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis for gender estimation. Results: The means, standard deviation, stature, right and left foot measurements and T-test in male population were higher than in females. LFL (Left foot length) is more than RFL (Right Foot length) in male groups, but in female groups the length of both foot are almost equal [RFL=226.6, LFL=227.1]. There is not much of difference in means of RFW (Right foot width) and LFW (Left foot width) in both the genders. Significant difference were seen in mean values of malleol and navicular height of right and left feet in male gender. No such difference was seen in female subjects. Conclusions: The study has successfully demonstrated the correlation of foot length in stature estimation in all the three study groups in both right and left foot. Next in parameters are Foot width and malleol height in estimating stature among male and female groups. Navicular height of both right and left foot showed poor relationship with stature estimation in both male and female groups. Multiple regression equations for both right and left foot measurements to estimate stature were derived with standard error ranging from 11-12 cm in males and 10-11 cm in females. The SEE was 5.8 when both male and female groups were pooled together. The logistic regression model which was derived to determine gender showed 85% accuracy and 92.5% accuracy using right and left foot measurements respectively. We believe that stature and gender can be estimated with foot measurements in South Indian population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20length" title="foot length">foot length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stature" title=" stature"> stature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Indian" title=" South Indian"> South Indian</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67727/stature-and-gender-estimation-using-foot-measurements-in-south-indian-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">275</span> Foot Self-Monitoring Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Related Factors among Diabetic Patients: A Descriptive and Correlational Study in a Taiwan Teaching Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Ching%20Lin">Li-Ching Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Tzu%20Dai"> Yu-Tzu Dai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recurrent foot ulcers or foot amputation have a major impact on patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), medical professionals, and society. A critical procedure for foot care is foot self-monitoring. Medical professionals’ understanding of patients’ foot self-monitoring knowledge, attitude, and practice is beneficial for raising patients’ disease awareness. This study investigated these and related factors among patients with DM through a descriptive study of the correlations. A scale for measuring the foot self-monitoring knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients with DM was used. Purposive sampling was adopted, and 100 samples were collected from the respondents’ self-reports or from interviews. The statistical methods employed were an independent-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression analysis. The findings were as follows: the respondents scored an average of 12.97 on foot self-monitoring knowledge, and the correct answer rate was 68.26%. The respondents performed relatively lower in foot health screenings and recording, and awareness of neuropathy in the foot. The respondents held a positive attitude toward self-monitoring their feet and a negative attitude toward having others check the soles of their feet. The respondents scored an average of 12.64 on foot self-monitoring practice. Their scores were lower in their frequency of self-monitoring their feet, recording their self-monitoring results, checking their pedal pulse, and examining if their soles were red immediately after taking off their shoes. Significant positive correlations were observed among foot self-monitoring knowledge, attitude, and practice. The correlation coefficient between self-monitoring knowledge and self-monitoring practice was 0.20, and that between self-monitoring attitude and self-monitoring practice was 0.44. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the main predictive factors of the foot self-monitoring practice in patients with DM were foot self-monitoring attitude, prior experience in foot care, and an educational attainment of college or higher. These factors predicted 33% of the variance. This study concludes that patients with DM lacked foot self-monitoring practice and advises that the patients’ self-monitoring abilities be evaluated first, including whether patients have poor eyesight, difficulties in bending forward due to obesity, and people who can assist them in self-monitoring. In addition, patient education should emphasize self-monitoring knowledge and practice, such as perceptions regarding the symptoms of foot neurovascular lesions, pulse monitoring methods, and new foot self-monitoring equipment. By doing so, new or recurring ulcers may be discovered in their early stages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot" title="diabetic foot">diabetic foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20self-monitoring%20attitude" title=" foot self-monitoring attitude"> foot self-monitoring attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20self-monitoring%20knowledge" title=" foot self-monitoring knowledge"> foot self-monitoring knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20self-monitoring%20practice" title=" foot self-monitoring practice"> foot self-monitoring practice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85385/foot-self-monitoring-knowledge-attitude-practice-and-related-factors-among-diabetic-patients-a-descriptive-and-correlational-study-in-a-taiwan-teaching-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">274</span> Neural Network and Support Vector Machine for Prediction of Foot Disorders Based on Foot Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monireh%20Ahmadi%20Bani">Monireh Ahmadi Bani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Khorramrouz"> Adel Khorramrouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalenoor%20%20Morvarid"> Lalenoor Morvarid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bagheri%20Mahtab"> Bagheri Mahtab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background:- Foot disorders are common in musculoskeletal problems. Plantar pressure distribution measurement is one the most important part of foot disorders diagnosis for quantitative analysis. However, the association of plantar pressure and foot disorders is not clear. With the growth of dataset and machine learning methods, the relationship between foot disorders and plantar pressures can be detected. Significance of the study:- The purpose of this study was to predict the probability of common foot disorders based on peak plantar pressure distribution and center of pressure during walking. Methodologies:- 2323 participants were assessed in a foot therapy clinic between 2015 and 2021. Foot disorders were diagnosed by an experienced physician and then they were asked to walk on a force plate scanner. After the data preprocessing, due to the difference in walking time and foot size, we normalized the samples based on time and foot size. Some of force plate variables were selected as input to a deep neural network (DNN), and the probability of any each foot disorder was measured. In next step, we used support vector machine (SVM) and run dataset for each foot disorder (classification of yes or no). We compared DNN and SVM for foot disorders prediction based on plantar pressure distributions and center of pressure. Findings:- The results demonstrated that the accuracy of deep learning architecture is sufficient for most clinical and research applications in the study population. In addition, the SVM approach has more accuracy for predictions, enabling applications for foot disorders diagnosis. The detection accuracy was 71% by the deep learning algorithm and 78% by the SVM algorithm. Moreover, when we worked with peak plantar pressure distribution, it was more accurate than center of pressure dataset. Conclusion:- Both algorithms- deep learning and SVM will help therapist and patients to improve the data pool and enhance foot disorders prediction with less expense and error after removing some restrictions properly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20neural%20network" title="deep neural network">deep neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20disorder" title=" foot disorder"> foot disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plantar%20pressure" title=" plantar pressure"> plantar pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139369/neural-network-and-support-vector-machine-for-prediction-of-foot-disorders-based-on-foot-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">273</span> The Biomechanical Consequences of Pes Planus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariette%20Swanepoel">Mariette Swanepoel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terry%20Ellapen"> Terry Ellapen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henriette%20Hammil"> Henriette Hammil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juandre%20Williams"> Juandre Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Qumbu"> Timothy Qumbu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The biomechanical consequence of pes planus is a topic seldom reviewed in regards to energy expenditure and predisposition to injury. However its comprehension in the field of foot rehabilitation, pre-and post-surgery is fundamental to successful patient management. This short communication unites the present literature to provide the reader with better insight on the consequence of pes planus, foot mechanics and its predisposition to injury at the foot and tibiofemoral joint. Further, the consideration of synergistic dominance of the foot invertors to compensate for the ineffective torque production of the fibularis longus due pes planus is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pes%20planus" title="pes planus">pes planus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibularis%20longus" title=" fibularis longus"> fibularis longus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergistic%20dominance" title=" synergistic dominance"> synergistic dominance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury" title=" injury"> injury</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55070/the-biomechanical-consequences-of-pes-planus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">272</span> Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among Diabetic Patients About Diabetic Foot Disease in Khartoum State Primary Health Care Centers, November 2022</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abrar%20Noorain">Abrar Noorain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeinab%20Amara"> Zeinab Amara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulaf%20Abdelaziz"> Sulaf Abdelaziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Diabetic foot disease imposes a financial burden on diabetic patients and healthcare services. In Sudan, diabetic foot ulcer prevalence reached 18.1%. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices and the correlation between the level of foot care knowledge and self-care practices among diabetic patients in Sudan. Methodology: In a cross-sectional study involving 262 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes attending diabetic clinics in three primary care centers in Khartoum, Sudan, during September to November 2022, information regarding participants sociodemographic status, foot care knowledge, attitudes, and practices was gathered using a validated, structured questionnaire in a face-to-face interview method. These data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 22. Results: The patients’ mean age was 54.9 years, with a female predominance (56%). Of the participants, 37% had diabetes mellitus for over ten years. On the topic of foot care, 35.5% of patients showed good knowledge, and 76% were aware of the risk of reduced foot sensation. In relation to nail care, only 19% knew how to cut nails correctly. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about diabetic foot care are substandard. There is a positive correlation between foot care knowledge and self-care practices. Hence, educating diabetic patients with foot care knowledge through an awareness program and the characteristics of diabetic shoes may improve self-care practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DM" title="DM">DM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFD" title=" DFD"> DFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFU" title=" DFU"> DFU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PHC" title=" PHC"> PHC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPSS" title=" SPSS"> SPSS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173620/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-among-diabetic-patients-about-diabetic-foot-disease-in-khartoum-state-primary-health-care-centers-november-2022" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">271</span> Functional Electrical Stimulator and Neuromuscular Electro Stimulator System Analysis for Foot Drop</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCl%20Fatma%20T%C3%BCrker">Gül Fatma Türker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatice%20Akman"> Hatice Akman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Portable muscle stimulators for real-time applications has first introduced by Liberson in 1961. Now these systems has been advanced. In this study, FES (Functional Electrical Stimulator) and NMES (Neuromuscular Electrostimulator) systems are analyzed through their hardware and their quality of life improvements for foot drop patients. FES and NMES systems are used for people whose leg muscles and leg neural connections are healty but not able to walk properly because of their injured central nervous system like spinal cord injuries. These systems are used to stimulate neurons or muscles by getting information from other movements and programming these stimulations to get natural walk and it is accepted as a rehabilitation method for the correction of drop foot. This systems support person to approach natural form of walking. Foot drop is characterized by steppage gait. It is a gait abnormality. This systems helps to person for plantar and dorse reflection movements which are hard to done for foot drop patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FES" title="FES">FES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20drop" title=" foot drop"> foot drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMES" title=" NMES"> NMES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stimulator" title=" stimulator"> stimulator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48613/functional-electrical-stimulator-and-neuromuscular-electro-stimulator-system-analysis-for-foot-drop" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">270</span> Outcomes in New-Onset Diabetic Foot Ulcers Stratified by Etiology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Gomes">Pedro Gomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lia%20Ferreira"> Lia Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Garcia"> Sofia Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaime%20Babulal"> Jaime Babulal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%C3%ADs%20Costa"> Luís Costa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%C3%ADs%20Castelo"> Luís Castelo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Muras"> José Muras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Isabel Gonçalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Carvalho"> Rui Carvalho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Foot ulcers and their complications are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the outcomes in terms of need for hospitalization, amputation, healing time and mortality in patients with new-onset diabetic foot ulcers in subgroups stratified by etiology. Methods: A retrospective study based on clinical assessment of patients presenting with new ulcers to a multidisciplinary diabetic foot consult during 2012. Outcomes were determined until September 2014, from hospital registers. Baseline clinical examination was done to classify ulcers as neuropathic, ischemic or neuroischemic. Results: 487 patients with new diabetic foot ulcers were observed; 36%, 15% and 49% of patients had neuropathic, ischemic and neuroischemic ulcers, respectively. For analysis, patients were classified as having predominantly neuropathic (36%) or ischemic foot (64%). The mean age was significantly higher in the group with ischemic foot (70±12 vs 63±12 years; p <0.001), as well as the duration of diabetes (18±10 vs 16 ± 10years, p <0.05). A history of previous amputation was also significantly higher in this group (24.7% vs 15.6%, p <0.05). The evolution of ischemic ulcers was significantly worse, with a greater need for hospitalization (27.2% vs 18%, p <0.05), amputation (11.5% vs 3.6% p <0.05) mainly major amputation (3% vs. 0%; p <0.001) and higher mean healing time (151 days vs 89 days, p <0.05). The mortality rate at 18 months, was also significantly higher in the ischemic foot group (7.3% vs 1.8%, p <0.05). Conclusions: All types of diabetic foot ulcers are associated with high morbidity and mortality, however, the presence of arterial disease confers a poor prognosis. Diabetic foot can be successfully treated only by the multidisciplinary team which can provide more comprehensive and integrated care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title="diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20ulcers" title=" foot ulcers"> foot ulcers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=etiology" title=" etiology"> etiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outcome" title=" outcome"> outcome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25220/outcomes-in-new-onset-diabetic-foot-ulcers-stratified-by-etiology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">269</span> The Design and Development of Foot Massage Plate from Coconut Shell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chananchida%20Yuktirat">Chananchida Yuktirat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nichanant%20Sermsri"> Nichanant Sermsri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this research were to design and develop foot massage plate from coconut shell. The research investigated on the satisfaction of the users on the developed foot massage plate on 4 aspects; usage, practical in use, safety, and materials & production process. The sample group included 64 people joining the service at Wat Paitan Health Center, Bangkok. The samples were randomly tried on the massage plate and evaluated according to the 4 aspects. The data were analyzed to find mean, percentage, and standard deviation. The result showed that the overall satisfaction was at good level (mean = 3.80). When considering in details, it was found that the subjects reported their highest satisfaction on the practical usage (mean = 4.16), followed by safety (mean = 3.82); then, materials and production process (mean = 3.78). The least satisfaction aspect was on function and usage (mean = 3.45) or moderate level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coconut%20shell" title="coconut shell">coconut shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20massage" title=" foot massage"> foot massage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20massage%20plate" title=" foot massage plate"> foot massage plate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6687/the-design-and-development-of-foot-massage-plate-from-coconut-shell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">268</span> Risk Factors for Diabetic Foot: Upper Egypt Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kassem">Ali Kassem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Alsenbasy"> Mohamed Alsenbasy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Nagaah"> Ahmed Nagaah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Diabetic foot is one of the often neglected complications of diabetes mellitus It was reported that patients of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) have considerable morbidity and mortality. Due to arterial abnormalities, diabetic neuropathy, as well as the tendency to delayed wound healing, foot infection and or gangrene is relatively common in diabetic patients. Foot related problems are responsible for up to 50% of diabetic related hospital admissions. Aim of work: The aim of the present study is to assess the risk factors for DFU in diabetic patients attending Sohag University Hospitals (Upper Egypt) Material and methods: The present study includes 100 diabetic foot patients attending the diabetic outpatient clinic of Sohag University Hospitals. For all of the studied patients the following were done: Full medical history and clinical examination; thorough foot examination; Laboratory tests including: Blood glucose level, HBA1c, serum lipids and renal function tests, ECG and Echocardiography, Doppler study on the lower limbs. Results: Sixty eight percent of the affected patients were males versus 32 % female patients. All male patients and none of the female were smoker. Seventy nine percent of patients were living in rural areas versus 14 % in urban areas. Duration of diabetes was more than 12 years in 74%, less than 12 years in 26% of patients. Fifty percent of patients have associated hypertension, 46% have dyslipidemia, 18% have ischemic heart disease or old myocardial infarction and 8% have impaired renal function. History of previous foot ulcers was reported in 11 % and foot amputation in 2% of patients. Conclusion: Male gender, low socioeconomic status, smoking, long duration of diabetes, other cardiovascular risk factors particularly hypertension and previous history of foot ulceration are the major risk factors for diabetic foot in our locality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot" title="diabetic foot">diabetic foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20neuropathy" title=" diabetic neuropathy"> diabetic neuropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20gangrene" title=" foot gangrene"> foot gangrene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors%20for%20diabetic%20complications" title=" risk factors for diabetic complications"> risk factors for diabetic complications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36460/risk-factors-for-diabetic-foot-upper-egypt-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">267</span> Correlation between Clinical Measurements of Static Foot Posture in Young Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phornchanok%20Motantasut">Phornchanok Motantasut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torkamol%20Hunsawong"> Torkamol Hunsawong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lugkana%20Mato"> Lugkana Mato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanida%20Donpunha"> Wanida Donpunha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identifying abnormal foot posture is important for prescribing appropriate management in patients with lower limb disorders and chronic non-specific low back pain. The normalized navicular height truncated (NNHt) and the foot posture index-6 (FPI-6) have been recommended as the common, simple, valid, and reliable static measures for clinical application. The NNHt is a single plane measure while the FPI-6 is a triple plane measure. At present, there is inadequate information about the correlation between the NNHt and the FPI-6 for categorizing foot posture that leads to a difficulty of choosing the appropriate assessment. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the correlation between the NNHt and the FPI-6 measures in adult participants with asymptomatic feet. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 47 asymptomatic individuals (23 males and 24 females) aged 28.89 ± 7.67 years with body mass index 21.73 ± 1.76 kg/m². The right foot was measured twice by the experienced rater using the NNHt and the FPI-6. A sequence of the measures was randomly arranged for each participant with a 10-minute rest between the tests. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was used to determine the relationship between the measures. Results: The mean NNHt score was 0.23 ± 0.04 (ranged from 0.15 to 0.36) and the mean FPI-6 score was 4.42 ± 4.36 (ranged from -6 to +11). The Pearson’s correlation coefﬁcient among the NNHt score and the FPI-6 score was -0.872 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The present finding demonstrates the strong correlation between the NNHt and FPI-6 in adult feet and implies that both measures could be substituted for each other in identifying foot posture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20posture%20index" title="foot posture index">foot posture index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20type" title=" foot type"> foot type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement%20of%20foot%20posture" title=" measurement of foot posture"> measurement of foot posture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=navicular%20height" title=" navicular height"> navicular height</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97785/correlation-between-clinical-measurements-of-static-foot-posture-in-young-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">266</span> A Convolution Neural Network Approach to Predict Pes-Planus Using Plantar Pressure Mapping Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Khorramrouz">Adel Khorramrouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monireh%20Ahmadi%20Bani"> Monireh Ahmadi Bani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Norouzi"> Ehsan Norouzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morvarid%20Lalenoor"> Morvarid Lalenoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Plantar pressure distribution measurement has been used for a long time to assess foot disorders. Plantar pressure is an important component affecting the foot and ankle function and Changes in plantar pressure distribution could indicate various foot and ankle disorders. Morphologic and mechanical properties of the foot may be important factors affecting the plantar pressure distribution. Accurate and early measurement may help to reduce the prevalence of pes planus. With recent developments in technology, new techniques such as machine learning have been used to assist clinicians in predicting patients with foot disorders. Significance of the study: This study proposes a neural network learning-based flat foot classification methodology using static foot pressure distribution. Methodologies: Data were collected from 895 patients who were referred to a foot clinic due to foot disorders. Patients with pes planus were labeled by an experienced physician based on clinical examination. Then all subjects (with and without pes planus) were evaluated for static plantar pressures distribution. Patients who were diagnosed with the flat foot in both feet were included in the study. In the next step, the leg length was normalized and the network was trained for plantar pressure mapping images. Findings: From a total of 895 image data, 581 were labeled as pes planus. A computational neural network (CNN) ran to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The prediction accuracy of the basic CNN-based model was performed and the prediction model was derived through the proposed methodology. In the basic CNN model, the training accuracy was 79.14%, and the test accuracy was 72.09%. Conclusion: This model can be easily and simply used by patients with pes planus and doctors to predict the classification of pes planus and prescreen for possible musculoskeletal disorders related to this condition. However, more models need to be considered and compared for higher accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20disorder" title="foot disorder">foot disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pes%20planus" title=" pes planus"> pes planus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139534/a-convolution-neural-network-approach-to-predict-pes-planus-using-plantar-pressure-mapping-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">265</span> Empirical Study and Modelling of Three-Dimensional Pedestrian Flow in Railway Foot-Over-Bridge Stair</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjal%20Chattaraj">Ujjal Chattaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Raviteja"> M. Raviteja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaitanya%20Aemala"> Chaitanya Aemala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the years vehicular traffic has been given priority over pedestrian traffic. With the increase of population in cities, pedestrian traffic is increasing day by day. Pedestrian safety has become a matter of concern for the Traffic Engineers. Pedestrian comfort is primary important for the Engineers who design different pedestrian facilities. Pedestrian comfort and safety can be measured in terms of different level of service (LOS) of the facilities. In this study video data on pedestrian movement have been collected from different railway foot over bridges (FOB) in India. The level of service of those facilities has been analyzed. A cellular automata based model has been formulated to mimic the route choice behaviour of the pedestrians on the foot over bridges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata%20model" title="cellular automata model">cellular automata model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20over%20bridge" title=" foot over bridge"> foot over bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20of%20service" title=" level of service"> level of service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian" title=" pedestrian"> pedestrian</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54466/empirical-study-and-modelling-of-three-dimensional-pedestrian-flow-in-railway-foot-over-bridge-stair" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">264</span> Effects of Modified Low-Dye Taping on First Ray Mobility Test and Sprint Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Ju%20Tsai">Yu-Ju Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Chun%20Wang"> Ching-Chun Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Tzu%20Tang"> Wen-Tzu Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huei-Ming%20Chai"> Huei-Ming Chai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A pronated foot is frequently associated with a hypermobile first ray, then developing further severe foot problems. Low-Dye taping with athletic tape has been widely used to restrict excessive first ray motion and re-build height of the medial longitudinal arch in general population with pronated foot. It is not the case, however, for sprinters since they feel too much restriction of foot motions. Currently, the kinesio tape, more elastic than the athletic tape, has been widely used to re-adjust joint positions. It was interesting whether modified low-Dye taping using kinesio tape was beneficial for altering first ray mobility and still giving enough arch support. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of modified low-Dye taping on first ray mobility test and 60-m sprint time for sprinters with pronated foot. The significance of this study provides new insight into a treatment alternative of modified low-Dye taping for sprinter with pronated foot. Ten young male sprinters, aged 20.8±1.6 years, with pronated foot were recruited for this study. The pronated foot was defined as the foot that the navicular drop test was greater than 1.0 cm. Three optic shutters were placed at the start, 30-m, and 60-m sites to record sprint time. All participants were asked to complete 3 trials of the 60-m dash with both taping and non-taping conditions in a random order. The low-Dye taping was applied using the method postulated by Ralph Dye in 1939 except the kinesio tape was used instead. All outcome variables were recorded for taping and non-taping conditions. Paired t-tests were used to analyze all outcome variables between 2 conditions. Although there were no statistically significant differences in dorsal and plantar mobility between taping and non-taping conditions, a statistical significance was found in a total range of motion (dorsiflexion plus plantarflexion angle) of the first ray when a modified low-Dye taping was applied (p < 0.05). Time to complete 60-m sprint was significantly increased with low-Dye taping (p < 0.05) while no significance was found for time to 30-m. it indicated that modified low-Dye taping changed maximum sprint speed of 60-m dash. Conclusively, modified low-Dye taping was capable of increasing first ray mobility and further altered maximum sprint speed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20ray%20mobility" title="first ray mobility">first ray mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinesio%20taping" title=" kinesio taping"> kinesio taping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pronated%20foot" title=" pronated foot"> pronated foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprint%20time" title=" sprint time"> sprint time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89509/effects-of-modified-low-dye-taping-on-first-ray-mobility-test-and-sprint-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">263</span> Motion Performance Analyses and Trajectory Planning of the Movable Leg-Foot Lander</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shan%20Jia">Shan Jia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinbao%20Chen"> Jinbao Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinhua%20Zhou"> Jinhua Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiacheng%20Qian"> Jiacheng Qian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In response to the functional limitations of the fixed landers, those are to expand the detection range by the use of wheeled rovers with unavoidable path-repeatability in deep space exploration currently, a movable lander based on the leg-foot walking mechanism is presented. Firstly, a quadruped landing mechanism based on pushrod-damping is proposed. The configuration is of the bionic characteristics such as hip, knee and ankle joints, and the multi-function main/auxiliary buffers based on the crumple-energy absorption and screw-nut mechanism. Secondly, the workspace of the end of the leg-foot mechanism is solved by Monte Carlo method, and the key points on the desired trajectory of the end of the leg-foot mechanism are fitted by cubic spline curve. Finally, an optimal time-jerk trajectory based on weight coefficient is planned and analyzed by an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA). The simulation results prove the rationality and stability of walking motion of the movable leg-foot lander in the star catalogue. In addition, this research can also provide a technical solution integrating of soft-landing, large-scale inspection and material transfer for future star catalogue exploration, and can even serve as the technical basis for developing the reusable landers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20performance" title="motion performance">motion performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectory%20planning" title=" trajectory planning"> trajectory planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=movable" title=" movable"> movable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leg-foot%20lander" title=" leg-foot lander"> leg-foot lander</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108567/motion-performance-analyses-and-trajectory-planning-of-the-movable-leg-foot-lander" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">262</span> Effects of EMS on Foot Drop Associated with Grade III Wound: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirza%20Obaid%20Baig">Mirza Obaid Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MaimoonaYaqub"> MaimoonaYaqub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 51 year old lady; known case of diabetes mellitus, post wound debridement i.e. 4 open wounds of grade III presented to us with foot drop, with prominent sensory deficit over right lower leg/foot i.e. 0 on Nottingham scale for impaired sensation, marked pedal edema and 5/10 – 6/10 pain on VAS during day and night respectively, Wounds were poorly granulated and foul smelling. Physiotherapy sessions were planned including twice a day electrical muscle stimulation sessions, strategies to decrease edema and improve muscle action which resulted in noticeable improvement in motor and sensory ability, pain levels, edema and psychological status of patient. Thus, this study gives evidence of the effect of Electrical muscle stimulation in grade III open wounds associated with motor/sensory weakness post-surgery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMS" title="EMS">EMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20drop" title=" foot drop"> foot drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grade%20III%20wound" title=" grade III wound"> grade III wound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20mellitus" title=" diabetes mellitus"> diabetes mellitus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40776/effects-of-ems-on-foot-drop-associated-with-grade-iii-wound-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">261</span> Correlation between Flexible Flatfoot and Lumbosacral Angle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustafa%20Elwan">Moustafa Elwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohier%20Shehata"> Sohier Shehata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Sedek"> Fatma Sedek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manar%20Hussine"> Manar Hussine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most risky factors that lead to a foot injury during physical activities are both high and low arched feet. Normally the medial longitudinal arch of the foot develops in the first 10 years of life, so flexible flat foot has an inversely relationship with age in the first decade, all over the world, the prevalence of flat foot is increasing. In approximately 15% of foot deformities cases, the deformity does not disappear and remains throughout adulthood, 90% of the clinical cases are complaining from foot problems are due to flatfoot. Flatfoot creates subtalar over pronation, which creates tibial and femoral medial rotation, and that is accompanied with increases of pelvic tilting anteriorly, which may influence the lumbar vertebrae alignment by increasing muscle tension and rotation. Objective: To study the impact of the flexible flatfoot on lumbosacral angle (angle of Ferguson). Methods: This experiment included 40 volunteers (14 females &26 males) gathered from the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Modern University of Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt, for each participant, four angles were measured in the foot( talar first metatarsal angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle, , Calcaneal first metatarsal angle, calcaneal inclination angle) and one angle in the lumbar region (lumbosacral angle). Measurement of these angles was conducted by using Surgimap Spine software (version 2.2.9.6). Results: The results demonstrated that there was no significant correlation betweenFerguson angle and lateral talocalcaneal (r=0.164, p=0.313). Also, there was no significant correlation between Ferguson angle and talo first metatarsal “Meary’s angle" (r=0.007, p=0.968). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between Ferguson angle and calcaneal-first metatarsal angle (r=0.083, p=0.612). Also, there was no significant correlation between Ferguson angle and calcaneal inclination angle (r= 0.032, p= 0.846). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no significant correlation between the flexible flat foot and lumbosacral angle So, more study should be conducted in large sample and different ages and conditions of foot problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcaneal%20first%20metatarsal" title="calcaneal first metatarsal">calcaneal first metatarsal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcaneal%20inclination" title=" calcaneal inclination"> calcaneal inclination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flatfoot" title=" flatfoot"> flatfoot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferguson%E2%80%99s%20angle" title=" ferguson’s angle"> ferguson’s angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20talocalcaneal%20angle" title=" lateral talocalcaneal angle"> lateral talocalcaneal angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbosacral%20angle" title=" lumbosacral angle"> lumbosacral angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20talar%20first%20metatarsal%20angle" title=" and talar first metatarsal angle"> and talar first metatarsal angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155584/correlation-between-flexible-flatfoot-and-lumbosacral-angle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">260</span> Epidemiological Analysis of the Patients Supplied with Foot Orthoses in Ortho-Prosthetic Center of Kosovo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ardiana%20Murtezani">Ardiana Murtezani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilirijana%20Dallku"> Ilirijana Dallku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teuta%20Osmani%20Vllasolli"> Teuta Osmani Vllasolli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabit%20Sllamniku"> Sabit Sllamniku</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The use of foot orthoses are always indicated when there are alterations of the optimal biomechanics' position of the foot. Orthotics are very effective and very suitable for the majority of patients with pain due to overload which can be related to biomechanical disorders. Aim: To assess the frequency of patients requiring foot orthoses, type of orthoses and analysis of their disease leading to the use of foot orthoses. Material and Methods: Our study included 128 patients with various foot pathologies, treated at the outpatient department of the Ortho-Prosthetic Center of Kosovo (OPCK) in Prishtina. Prospective-descriptive clinical method was used during this study. Functional status of patients was examined, and the following parameters are noted: range of motion measurements for the affected joints/lower extremities, manual test for muscular strength below the knee and foot of the affected extremity, perimeter measurements of the lower extremities, measurements of lower extremities, foot length measurement, foot width measurements and size. In order to complete the measurements the following instruments are used: plantogram, pedogram, meter and cork shoe lift appliances. Results: The majority of subjects in this study are male (60.2% vs. 39.8%), and the dominant age group was 0-9 (47.7%), 61 subjects respectively. Most frequent foot disorders were: congenital disease 60.1%, trauma cases 13.3%, consequences from rheumatologic disease 12.5%, neurologic dysfunctions 11.7%, and the less frequented are the infectious cases 1.6%. Congenital anomalies were the most frequent cases, and from this group majority of cases suffered from pes planovalgus (37.5%), eqinovarus (15.6%) and discrepancies between extremities (6.3%). Furthermore, traumatic amputations (2.3%) and arthritis (0.8%). As far as neurologic disease, subjects with cerebral palsy are represented with (3.1%), peroneal nerve palsy (2.3%) and hemiparesis (1.6%). Infectious disease osteomyelitis sequels are represented with (1.6%). Conclusion: Based on our study results, we have concluded that the use of foot orthoses for patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and nonspecific arthropaty was effective treatment choice, leading to decrease of pain, less deformities and improves the quality of life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthoses" title="orthoses">orthoses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20analysis" title=" epidemiological analysis"> epidemiological analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheumatoid%20arthritis" title=" rheumatoid arthritis"> rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58234/epidemiological-analysis-of-the-patients-supplied-with-foot-orthoses-in-ortho-prosthetic-center-of-kosovo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">259</span> Foot Self-Care Practices among Filipino Adults with Diabetes Mellitus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raya%20Kathreen%20T.%20Fuentes">Raya Kathreen T. Fuentes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Owen%20P.%20Domingo"> Christian Owen P. Domingo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaisha%20V.%20Durana"> Kaisha V. Durana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristine%20Chelsea%20Shynne%20M.%20Evangelista"> Kristine Chelsea Shynne M. Evangelista</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicole%20A.%20Feliciano"> Nicole A. Feliciano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathleen%20Patricia%20Q.%20Ferido"> Kathleen Patricia Q. Ferido</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christianna%20Joy%20J.%20Ferrer"> Christianna Joy J. Ferrer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global public health concern. The foot ulcer is one of the most serious and costly complications of DM. Among the components of diabetes self-management (DSM), foot self-care was found to be one of the best preventive measures for foot ulcers yet is seldom performed. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine how adequate foot self-care practices (FSP) are among Filipino adults with DM with the following objectives: 1) determine their DSM, 2) describe their FSP, 3) determine the relationship between FSP and DSM, and 4) determine the relationship of FSP to sociodemographic characteristics, disease-related characteristics, social support, and knowledge. A descriptive correlational design was utilized. 114 respondents aged 19-65 were selected through purposive sampling from diabetes clinics. A self-administered questionnaire regarding FSP, DSM, sociodemographic and disease-related characteristics, social support, and knowledge on diabetes were used. Pearson's correlation was utilized to determine the relationship between FSP and DSM while simple linear regression was used to determine the relationship of FSP to the factors aforementioned. Results showed that majority of the respondents have desirable DSM but inadequate FSP. FSP and DSM were shown to be positively correlated but not statistically significant (p = 0.8). Disparity among the two suggests that there is less emphasis on foot self-care compared to other components of DSM. Findings further revealed that patients diagnosed with DM for < 5 years demonstrated more adequate FSP compared to patients diagnosed for > 5 years which may suggest that newly diagnosed patients are more receptive to new information about DSM. Health education on DSM should place more emphasis on FSP. Reiteration of health education and continuous motivation should be done to all DM patients, not just to newly diagnosed patients, to improve compliance to FSP and enhance patient empowerment regarding self-care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20mellitus" title="diabetes mellitus">diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20self-management" title=" diabetes self-management"> diabetes self-management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20self-care%20practices" title=" foot self-care practices"> foot self-care practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20ulcer" title=" foot ulcer"> foot ulcer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89191/foot-self-care-practices-among-filipino-adults-with-diabetes-mellitus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">258</span> Osteitis in the Diabetic Foot in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Amine%20Adaour">Mohamed Amine Adaour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadek%20Bachene"> Mohamed Sadek Bachene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosaab%20Fortassi"> Mosaab Fortassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Siouda"> Wafaa Siouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> — Foot infections are responsible for a significant number of hospitalizations and amputations in diabetic patients. The objective of our study is to analyze and evaluate the management of diabetic foot in a surgical setting. A retrospective study was conducted based on a selected case of suspected diabetic foot infections of osteitis treated at the Mohamed Boudiaf hospital in Medea.The case was reiterated as a therapeutic charge, consisting of treating first the infection of the soft tissues, then the osteitis: biopsy after at least 15 days of cessation of antibiotic therapy. Successful treatment of osteitis was defined at the end of a follow-up period of complete wound healing, lack of bone resection/amputation surgery at the initial bone site during follow-up , Instead, biopsies are prescribed in the treatment of soft tissue infection. The mean duration of treatment for soft tissue infection was 2-3 weeks, the duration of the antibiotic-free window of therapy prior to bone biopsy was 2-4 weeks. This patient received medical management without surgical resection. The success rate for treating osteitis at one year was 73%, and healing at one year was 88%.It is often limited to a sausage of the foot at the cost of repeated amputations. The best management remains prevention, which necessarily involves setting up a specialized and adapted centre. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot" title="diabetic foot">diabetic foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20biopsy" title=" bone biopsy"> bone biopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteitis" title=" osteitis"> osteitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algeria" title=" algeria"> algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167195/osteitis-in-the-diabetic-foot-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">257</span> Physiopathology of Osteitis in the Diabetic Foot</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Amine%20Adaour">Mohamed Amine Adaour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadek%20Bachene"> Mohamed Sadek Bachene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosaab%20Fortassi"> Mosaab Fortassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Siouda"> Wafaa Siouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foot infections are responsible for a significant number of hospitalizations and amputations in diabetic patients. The objective of our study is to analyze and evaluate the management of diabetic foot in a surgical setting. A retrospective study was conducted based on a selected case of suspected diabetic foot infections of osteitis treated at the Mohamed Boudiaf hospital in Medea. The case was reiterated as a therapeutic charge, consisting of treating first the infection of the soft tissues, then the osteitis: biopsy after at least 15 days of cessation of antibiotic therapy. Successful treatment of osteitis was defined at the end of a follow-up period of complete wound healing, lack of bone resection/amputation surgery at the initial bone site during follow-up , Instead, biopsies are prescribed in the treatment of soft tissue infection. The mean duration of treatment for soft tissue infection was 2-3 weeks, the duration of the antibiotic-free window of therapy prior to bone biopsy was 2-4 weeks. This patient received medical management without surgical resection. The success rate for treating osteitis at one year was 73%, and healing at one year was 88%.It is often limited to a sausage of the foot at the cost of repeated amputations. The best management remains prevention, which necessarily involves setting up a specialized and adapted centre. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteitis" title="osteitis">osteitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20therapy" title=" antibiotic therapy"> antibiotic therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20biopsy" title=" bone biopsy"> bone biopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot" title=" diabetic foot"> diabetic foot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164851/physiopathology-of-osteitis-in-the-diabetic-foot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">256</span> Osteitis in the Diabetic Foot and the Risk Factor on the Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Amine%20Adaour">Mohamed Amine Adaour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sadek%20Bachene"> Mohamed Sadek Bachene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosaab%20Fortassi"> Mosaab Fortassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafaa%20Siouda"> Wafaa Siouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foot infections are responsible for a significant number of hospitalizations and amputations in diabetic patients. The objective of our study is to analyze and evaluate the management of diabetic foot in a surgical setting. A retrospective study was conducted based on a selected case of suspected diabetic foot infections of osteitis treated at the Mohamed Boudiaf hospital in Medea.The case was reiterated as a therapeutic charge, consisting of treating first the infection of the soft tissues, then the osteitis: biopsy after at least 15 days of cessation of antibiotic therapy. Successful treatment of osteitis was defined at the end of a follow-up period of complete wound healing, lack of bone resection/amputation surgery at the initial bone site during follow-up , Instead, biopsies are prescribed in the treatment of soft tissue infection. The mean duration of treatment for soft tissue infection was 2-3 weeks, the duration of the antibiotic-free window of therapy prior to bone biopsy was 2-4 weeks. This patient received medical management without surgical resection. The success rate for treating osteitis at one year was 73%, and healing at one year was 88%.It is often limited to a sausage of the foot at the cost of repeated amputations. The best management remains prevention, which necessarily involves setting up a specialized and adapted centre. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteitis" title="osteitis">osteitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic" title=" antibiotic"> antibiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopsy" title=" biopsy"> biopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot" title=" diabetic foot"> diabetic foot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166247/osteitis-in-the-diabetic-foot-and-the-risk-factor-on-the-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">255</span> The Effects of Prosthetic Leg Stiffness on Gait, Comfort, and Satisfaction: A Review of Mechanical Engineering Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kourosh%20Fatehi">Kourosh Fatehi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niloofar%20Hanafi"> Niloofar Hanafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the challenges in providing optimal prosthetic legs for lower limb amputees is to select the appropriate foot stiffness that suits their individual needs and preferences. Foot stiffness affects various aspects of walking, such as stability, comfort, and energy expenditure. However, the current prescription process is largely based on trial-and-error, manufacturer recommendations, or clinician judgment, which may not reflect the prosthesis user’s subjective experience or psychophysical sensitivity. Therefore, there is a need for more scientific and technological tools to measure and understand how prosthesis users perceive and prefer different foot stiffness levels, and how this preference relates to clinical outcomes. This review covers how to measure and design lower leg prostheses based on user preference and foot stiffness. It also explores how these factors affect walking outcomes and quality of life, and identifies the current challenges and gaps in this field from a mechanical engineering standpoint. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title="perception">perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preference" title=" preference"> preference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosthetics" title=" prosthetics"> prosthetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171957/the-effects-of-prosthetic-leg-stiffness-on-gait-comfort-and-satisfaction-a-review-of-mechanical-engineering-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20reflexology&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20reflexology&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20reflexology&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20reflexology&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20reflexology&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20reflexology&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20reflexology&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20reflexology&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20reflexology&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20reflexology&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>