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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-colonisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-colonisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-colonisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_rule_and_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_rule_and_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>French rule and independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_rule_and_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-M'ba_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M'ba_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.1</span> <span>M'ba rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M'ba_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bongo_rule_and_PDG" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bongo_rule_and_PDG"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.2</span> <span>Bongo rule and PDG</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bongo_rule_and_PDG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transitional_government_and_RSDG" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transitional_government_and_RSDG"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.3</span> <span>Transitional government and RSDG</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transitional_government_and_RSDG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bongo's_re-election_and_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bongo's_re-election_and_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.4</span> <span>Bongo's re-election and rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bongo's_re-election_and_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boycott_of_elections_and_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boycott_of_elections_and_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.4.1</span> <span>Boycott of elections and crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boycott_of_elections_and_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_of_Bongo_and_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_of_Bongo_and_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.5</span> <span>Death of Bongo and succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_of_Bongo_and_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_coup_d'état" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_coup_d'état"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>2023 coup d'état</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_coup_d'état-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wildlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Wildlife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fauna_of_Gabon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna_of_Gabon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Fauna of Gabon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna_of_Gabon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_of_Gabon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_of_Gabon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Flora of Gabon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_of_Gabon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_centres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_centres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Population centres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_centres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 244 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-244" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">244 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaboen" title="Gaboen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gaboen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gabun" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8B%E1%89%A6%E1%8A%95" title="ጋቦን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጋቦን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="गैबॉन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गैबॉन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="الغابون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الغابون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C3%B3n" title="Gabón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gabón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C3%B3n" title="Gabón – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gabón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gav%C3%B5" title="Gavõ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Gavõ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qabon" title="Qabon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qabon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="قابون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قابون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="গ্যাবন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্যাবন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="गैबोन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गैबोन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gabun" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="གེ་བོན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གེ་བོན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C3%B3n" title="Gabón – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Gabón" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabhoni" title="Gabhoni – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gabhoni" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabone" title="Gabone – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Gabone" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DD%A3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="لݣابون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لݣابون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Gabun" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gabun" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%AC%DE%84%DE%AF%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ގެބޯން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގެބޯން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Gabun" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="गाबोन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="गाबोन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93" title="གྷེ་བྷོན – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="གྷེ་བྷོན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Γκαμπόν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκαμπόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C3%B3n" title="Gabón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gabón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabono" title="Gabono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gabono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C3%B3n" title="Gabón – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gabón" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C9%94%CC%83" title="Gabɔ̃ – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Gabɔ̃" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86" title="گابن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گابن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghab%C3%BAin" title="An Ghabúin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghabúin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C3%B3n" title="Gabón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gabón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍉𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍉𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%B4%89" title="가봉 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가봉" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Գաբոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գաբոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="गबोन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गबोन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Gabun" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="গ্যাবন – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গ্যাবন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGabhoni" title="IGabhoni – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IGabhoni" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F" title="גבון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גבון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaab%C9%94%C9%94" title="Kaabɔɔ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kaabɔɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗಬೊನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಬೊನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გაბონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გაბონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngabu" title="Ngabu – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Ngabu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabona" title="Gabona – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Gabona" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87" title="ປະເທດກາບົງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດກາບົງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabona" title="Gabona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gabona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gabun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabonas" title="Gabonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gabonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C3%B2n" title="Gabòn – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Gabòn" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C9%94%CC%81" title="Gabɔ́ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Gabɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/gabon" title="gabon – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="gabon" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C3%B4na" title="Gabôna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gabôna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ഗാബോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗാബോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81pona" title="Kāpona – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kāpona" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="गॅबन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गॅबन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გაბონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გაბონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="جابون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جابون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="گابون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گابون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯒꯦꯕꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒꯦꯕꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%98%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဂါဘွန်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂါဘွန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="गाबाेन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गाबाेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="गाबोन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गाबोन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3" title="ガボン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガボン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabuun" title="Gabuun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gabuun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaabon" title="Gaabon – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gaabon" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗਬਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਬਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="गाबोन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="गाबोन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="گیبون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گیبون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="ګابون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګابون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giabon" title="Giabon – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Giabon" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C3%B2n" title="Gabòn – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gabòn" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gabun" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C3%A3o" title="Gabão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gabão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Gabun" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qapun" title="Qapun – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qapun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ґабон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґабон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="गाबोन – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गाबोन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C3%B6on" title="Gaböon – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Gaböon" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C3%B2n" title="Gabòn – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gabòn" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Gabun" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaboni" title="Gaboni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gaboni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ගැබොන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගැබොන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="گيبون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گيبون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGabhoni" title="IGabhoni – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IGabhoni" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C5%AFn" title="Gabůn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gabůn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%86" title="گابۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گابۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="காபோன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காபோன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Gabun" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun" title="Gabun – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Gabun" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%82%84%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵႄးပုၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵႄးပုၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="గబాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గబాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ประเทศกาบอง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศกาบอง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Габон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Габон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="گیبون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گیبون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="گابون – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گابون" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabun%C3%A4n" title="Gabunän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gabunän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="加蓬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabo%C5%8B" title="Gaboŋ – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Gaboŋ" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加蓬" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaboni" title="Gaboni – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Gaboni" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9F" title="גאבאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גאבאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0b%E1%BB%8D%CC%80n" title="Gàbọ̀n – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gàbọ̀n" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加蓬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabuons" title="Gabuons – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gabuons" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加蓬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%E1%BB%8Dn%CC%84" title="Gabọn̄ – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Gabọn̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gab%C9%94nto" title="Gabɔnto – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Gabɔnto" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Gabon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴳⴰⴱⵓⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴳⴰⴱⵓⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1000#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Gabon" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content 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class="latitude">1°S</span> <span class="longitude">12°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1°S 12°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-1; 12</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country on the west coast of Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gabon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gabon (disambiguation)">Gabon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Gabonese Republic</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">République gabonaise</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gabon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Gabon"><img alt="Flag of Gabon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/125px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/188px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/250px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gabon" title="Flag of Gabon">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Gabon"><img alt="Coat of arms of Gabon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon" title="Coat of arms of Gabon"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">"Union, Travail, Justice"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(French)</span><br />"Union, Work, Justice"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">"<a href="/wiki/La_Concorde" title="La Concorde">La Concorde</a>"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(French)</span><br />"The Concord" <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="105" data-mwtitle="La_Concorde.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/La_Concorde.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/La_Concorde.ogg/La_Concorde.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Concorde.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Concorde.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabon_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Gabon_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Gabon_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Gabon_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Gabon_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Gabon_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Gabon_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">Show globe</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Gabon_AU_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Location_Gabon_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Gabon_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Location_Gabon_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Gabon_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Location_Gabon_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Gabon_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gabon&params=0_23_N_9_27_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°23′N</span> <span class="longitude">9°27′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.383°N 9.450°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0.383; 9.450</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regional languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fang_language" title="Fang language">Fang</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mbete_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbete language">Mbete</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Myene_language" title="Myene language">Myene</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nzebi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nzebi language">Nzebi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Punu_language" title="Punu language">Punu</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Teke_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Teke language">Teke</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Vili_language" title="Vili language">Vili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fang_people" title="Fang people">Fang</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punu_people" title="Punu people">Punu</a></li><li>Nzebi</li><li><a href="/wiki/Teke_people" title="Teke people">Teke</a></li><li>Myene</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kota_people_(Gabon)" title="Kota people (Gabon)">Kota</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vili_people" title="Vili people">Vili</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mbama_people" title="Mbama people">Mbama</a></li><li>and 42 others</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">80.2% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Gabon">Christianity</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">10.8% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Gabon" title="Islam in Gabon">Islam</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">7.0% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1.1% <a href="/wiki/African_Traditional_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="African Traditional Religion">traditional faiths</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.9% others</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Gabonese</li><li>Gabonaise</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gabon" title="Politics of Gabon">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> under a <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">military junta</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of heads of state of Gabon">Transitional President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Transition_and_Restoration_of_Institutions" title="Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions">CTRI Chairman</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brice_Oligui_Nguema" title="Brice Oligui Nguema">Brice Oligui Nguema</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Gabon" title="Vice President of Gabon">Transitional Vice President</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Owondault_Berre" title="Joseph Owondault Berre">Joseph Owondault Berre</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gabon" title="Prime Minister of Gabon">Interim Prime Minister</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ndong_Sima" title="Raymond Ndong Sima">Raymond Ndong Sima</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Gabon" title="Parliament of Gabon">Parliament of Gabon</a> <i>(suspended)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Independence from <div class="ib-country-sovereignty"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Republic established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">28 November 1958</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Granted </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 August 1960</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Gabonese coup d'état">2023 coup d'état</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 August 2023</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gabon" title="Geography of Gabon">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">267,668 km<sup>2</sup> (103,347 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">76th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3.76%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Gabon" title="Demographics of Gabon">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,397,368<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">146th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7.9/km<sup>2</sup> (20.5/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">216th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $41.922 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.GA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.GA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">132nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $19,165<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.GA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.GA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">83rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $19.319 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.GA_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.GA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">117th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $8,831<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.GA_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.GA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">75th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2017)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">38<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#707070">medium inequality</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.693<sup id="cite_ref-UNHDR_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">medium</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">123rd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_African_CFA_franc" title="Central African CFA franc">Central African CFA franc</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">XAF</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+1</span> (<a href="/wiki/West_Africa_Time" title="West Africa Time">WAT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd/mm/yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Gabon" title="Telephone numbers in Gabon">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B241" class="mw-redirect" title="+241">+241</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GA" title="ISO 3166-2:GA">GA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.ga" title=".ga">.ga</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gabon</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">gə-<span style="font-size:90%">BON</span></i></a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɡabɔ̃]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/ba\/Fr-Gabon.oga\/Fr-Gabon.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-Gabon.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/Fr-Gabon.oga/Fr-Gabon.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-Gabon.oga" title="File:Fr-Gabon.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), officially the <b>Gabonese Republic</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">République gabonaise</i>), is a country on the Atlantic coast of <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>, bordered by <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> to the north, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a> on the east and south, and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a> to the west. It has an area of 270,000 square kilometres (100,000 sq mi) and a population of 2.3 million people. There are coastal plains, mountains (the <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Mountains_(Africa)" title="Crystal Mountains (Africa)">Cristal Mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chaillu_Massif" title="Chaillu Massif">Chaillu Massif</a> in the centre), and a <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a> in the east. <a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a> is the country's capital and largest city. </p><p>Gabon's original inhabitants were the <a href="/wiki/African_Pygmies" title="African Pygmies">pygmy peoples</a>. Beginning in the 14th century, <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu migrants</a> began settling in the area as well. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Orungu" title="Kingdom of Orungu">Kingdom of Orungu</a> was established around 1700. The region was colonised by France in the late 19th century. Since its independence from France in 1960, Gabon has had three <a href="/wiki/President_of_Gabon" title="President of Gabon">presidents</a>. In the 1990s, it introduced a multi-party system and a democratic constitution that aimed for a more transparent electoral process and reformed some governmental institutions. Despite this, the <a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Democratic_Party" title="Gabonese Democratic Party">Gabonese Democratic Party</a> (PDG) remained the dominant party until its removal from the <a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Gabonese coup d'état">2023 Gabonese coup d'état</a>. </p><p>Gabon is a <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing country</a>, ranking 123rd in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>. It is one of the wealthiest countries in Africa in terms of <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a>; however, large parts of the population are very poor. <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo" title="Omar Bongo">Omar Bongo</a> came to office in 1967 and created a <a href="/wiki/Bongo_family" title="Bongo family">dynasty</a>, which stabilized its power through a clientist network, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7afrique" title="Françafrique">Françafrique</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> of Gabon is <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, and Bantu ethnic groups constitute around 95% of the country's population. <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the nation's predominant religion, practised by about 80% of the population. With petroleum and foreign private investment, it has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">fourth highest</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a><sup id="cite_ref-HDI_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (after <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of African countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">fifth highest</a> GDP per capita (PPP) (after Seychelles, Mauritius, <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>) of any African nation. Gabon's nominal GDP per capita is $10,149 in 2023 according to OPEC.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Gabon" title="History of Gabon">History of Gabon</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">French Equatorial Africa</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-colonisation">Pre-colonisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-colonisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/African_Pygmies" title="African Pygmies">Pygmy peoples</a> in the area were largely replaced and absorbed by <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> tribes as they migrated. By the 18th century, a <a href="/wiki/Myene_language" title="Myene language">Myeni</a>-speaking kingdom known as the <a href="/wiki/Orungu_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Orungu Kingdom">Kingdom of Orungu</a> formed as a trading centre with the ability to purchase and sell slaves, and fell with the demise of the slave trade in the 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-Gates,_page_1468_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gates,_page_1468-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_rule_and_independence">French rule and independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: French rule and independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Explorer <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Savorgnan_de_Brazza" title="Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza">Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza</a> led his first mission to the Gabon-Congo area in 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He founded the town of <a href="/wiki/Franceville" title="Franceville">Franceville</a> and was later colonial governor. Some Bantu groups lived in the area when France officially occupied it in 1885. </p><p>In 1910, Gabon became a territory of <a href="/wiki/French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">French Equatorial Africa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a federation that survived until 1958. In <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Allies <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gabon" title="Battle of Gabon">invaded</a> Gabon in order to overthrow the pro-<a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> colonial administration. On 28 November 1958, Gabon became an autonomous republic within the <a href="/wiki/French_Community" title="French Community">French Community</a>, and on 17 August 1960, it became fully independent.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Independence">Independence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="M'ba_rule"><span id="M.27ba_rule"></span>M'ba rule</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: M'ba rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first president of Gabon, elected in 1961, was <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_M%27ba" title="Léon M'ba">Léon M'ba</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo_Ondimba" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Bongo Ondimba">Omar Bongo Ondimba</a> as his vice president. After M'ba's accession to power, the press was suppressed, political demonstrations suppressed, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a> curtailed, other political parties gradually excluded from power, and the Constitution changed along French lines to vest power in the Presidency, a post that M'ba assumed himself. When M'ba dissolved the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Gabon)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Gabon)">National Assembly</a> in January 1964 to institute one-party rule, <a href="/wiki/1964_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Gabonese coup d'état">an army coup sought to oust him from power</a> and restore parliamentary democracy. French paratroopers flew in within 24 hours to restore M'ba to power. After days of fighting, the coup ended and the opposition was imprisoned, with protests and riots. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Bongo_rule_and_PDG">Bongo rule and PDG</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bongo rule and PDG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When M'Ba died in 1967, Bongo replaced him as president. In March 1968, Bongo declared Gabon a 1-party state by dissolving BDG and establishing a new party – the <a href="/wiki/Parti_D%C3%A9mocratique_Gabonais" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Démocratique Gabonais">Parti Démocratique Gabonais</a> (PDG). He invited all Gabonese, regardless of previous political affiliation, to participate. Bongo sought to forge a single national movement in support of the government's development policies, using PDG as a tool to submerge the regional and tribal rivalries that had divided Gabonese politics in the past. Bongo was elected president in February 1975; in April 1975, the position of vice president was abolished and replaced by the position of prime minister, who had no right to automatic succession. Bongo was re-elected President in December 1979 and November 1986 to 7-year terms.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1670_Ogilby_Map_of_West_Africa_(_Gold_Coast,_Slave_Coast,_Ivory_Coast_)_-_Geographicus_-_Guinea-ogilby-1670.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/1670_Ogilby_Map_of_West_Africa_%28_Gold_Coast%2C_Slave_Coast%2C_Ivory_Coast_%29_-_Geographicus_-_Guinea-ogilby-1670.jpg/280px-1670_Ogilby_Map_of_West_Africa_%28_Gold_Coast%2C_Slave_Coast%2C_Ivory_Coast_%29_-_Geographicus_-_Guinea-ogilby-1670.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/1670_Ogilby_Map_of_West_Africa_%28_Gold_Coast%2C_Slave_Coast%2C_Ivory_Coast_%29_-_Geographicus_-_Guinea-ogilby-1670.jpg/420px-1670_Ogilby_Map_of_West_Africa_%28_Gold_Coast%2C_Slave_Coast%2C_Ivory_Coast_%29_-_Geographicus_-_Guinea-ogilby-1670.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/1670_Ogilby_Map_of_West_Africa_%28_Gold_Coast%2C_Slave_Coast%2C_Ivory_Coast_%29_-_Geographicus_-_Guinea-ogilby-1670.jpg/560px-1670_Ogilby_Map_of_West_Africa_%28_Gold_Coast%2C_Slave_Coast%2C_Ivory_Coast_%29_-_Geographicus_-_Guinea-ogilby-1670.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2591" /></a><figcaption>A map of <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> in 1670</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabon_campaign_%271e_Compagnie_de_Chars_de_Combat_de_la_France_Libre%27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gabon_campaign_%271e_Compagnie_de_Chars_de_Combat_de_la_France_Libre%27.jpg/280px-Gabon_campaign_%271e_Compagnie_de_Chars_de_Combat_de_la_France_Libre%27.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gabon_campaign_%271e_Compagnie_de_Chars_de_Combat_de_la_France_Libre%27.jpg/420px-Gabon_campaign_%271e_Compagnie_de_Chars_de_Combat_de_la_France_Libre%27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gabon_campaign_%271e_Compagnie_de_Chars_de_Combat_de_la_France_Libre%27.jpg/560px-Gabon_campaign_%271e_Compagnie_de_Chars_de_Combat_de_la_France_Libre%27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="1220" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gabon" title="Battle of Gabon">Battle of Gabon</a> resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French Forces">Free French Forces</a> taking the colony of Gabon from <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy French</a> forces, 1940</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1990, economic discontent and a desire for political liberalization provoked demonstrations and strikes by students and workers. In response to grievances by workers, Bongo negotiated with them on a sector-by-sector basis, making wage concessions. He promised to open up PDG and to organize a national political conference in March–April 1990 to discuss Gabon's future political system. PDG and 74 political organizations attended the conference. Participants essentially divided into 2 "loose" coalitions, ruling PDG and its allies, and the United Front of Opposition Associations and Parties, consisting of the breakaway Morena Fundamental and the <a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Progress_Party" title="Gabonese Progress Party">Gabonese Progress Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Transitional_government_and_RSDG">Transitional government and RSDG</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Transitional government and RSDG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The April 1990 conference approved political reforms, including creation of a national <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Gabon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate (Gabon)">Senate</a>, decentralization of the budgetary process, freedom of assembly and press, and cancellation of an <a href="/wiki/Exit_visa" class="mw-redirect" title="Exit visa">exit visa</a> requirement. In an attempt to guide the political system's transformation to multiparty democracy, Bongo resigned as PDG chairman and created a transitional government headed by a new Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Casimir_Oye-Mba" class="mw-redirect" title="Casimir Oye-Mba">Casimir Oye-Mba</a>. The Gabonese Social Democratic Grouping (RSDG), as the resulting government was called, was smaller than the previous government and included representatives from some opposition parties in its cabinet. RSDG drafted a provisional constitution in May 1990 that provided a basic <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_rights" title="Bill of rights">bill of rights</a> and an independent judiciary and retained "strong" executive powers for the president. After further review by a constitutional committee and the National Assembly, this document came into force in March 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opposition to PDG continued after the April 1990 conference, and in September 1990, two <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> attempts were uncovered and aborted. With demonstrations after the death of an opposition leader, the first multiparty National Assembly elections in almost 30 years took place in September–October 1990, with PDG garnering a majority.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Bongo's_re-election_and_rule"><span id="Bongo.27s_re-election_and_rule"></span>Bongo's re-election and rule</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bongo's re-election and rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Omar_Bongo_with_George_Bush_May_26_2004-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Omar_Bongo_with_George_Bush_May_26_2004-01.jpg/280px-Omar_Bongo_with_George_Bush_May_26_2004-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Omar_Bongo_with_George_Bush_May_26_2004-01.jpg/420px-Omar_Bongo_with_George_Bush_May_26_2004-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Omar_Bongo_with_George_Bush_May_26_2004-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> welcomes President <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo" title="Omar Bongo">Omar Bongo</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, May 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>Following President <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo" title="Omar Bongo">Omar Bongo</a>'s re-election in December 1993 with 51% of the vote, opposition candidates refused to validate the election results. Civil disturbances and violent repression led to an agreement between the government and opposition factions to work toward a political settlement. These talks led to the Paris Accords in November 1994, under which some opposition figures were included in a government of national unity. This arrangement broke down and the 1996 and 1997 legislative and municipal elections provided the background for renewed partisan politics. PDG won in the legislative election, and some cities, including <a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a>, elected opposition mayors during the 1997 local election.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Boycott_of_elections_and_crisis">Boycott of elections and crisis</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Boycott of elections and crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Facing a divided opposition, President Omar Bongo coasted to re-election in December 1998. While some of Bongo's opponents rejected the outcome as fraudulent, some international observers characterized the results as representative "despite many perceived irregularities". Legislative elections held in 2001–2002 were boycotted by a number of smaller opposition parties and were criticized for their administrative weaknesses, produced a National Assembly dominated by PDG and allied independents. In November 2005 President Omar Bongo was elected for his sixth term. He won re-election, and opponents claim that the balloting process was marred by irregularities. There were some instances of violence following the announcement of his win.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National Assembly elections were held in December 2006. Some seats contested because of voting irregularities were overturned by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Gabon" title="Constitutional Court of Gabon">Constitutional Court</a>, and the subsequent run-off elections in 2007 yielded a PDG-controlled National Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Death_of_Bongo_and_succession">Death of Bongo and succession</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death of Bongo and succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Celebration_in_Gabon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Independence_Celebration_in_Gabon.JPG/280px-Independence_Celebration_in_Gabon.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Independence_Celebration_in_Gabon.JPG/420px-Independence_Celebration_in_Gabon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Independence_Celebration_in_Gabon.JPG/560px-Independence_Celebration_in_Gabon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Independence Day celebration in Gabon</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the death of President Omar Bongo on 8 June 2009 due to cardiac arrest at a Spanish hospital in Barcelona, Gabon entered a period of political transition. Per the amended constitution, <a href="/wiki/Rose_Francine_Rogomb%C3%A9" title="Rose Francine Rogombé">Rose Francine Rogombé</a>, the President of the Senate, assumed the role of Interim President on 10 June 2009. The subsequent presidential elections, held on 30 August 2009, marked a historic moment as they were the first in Gabon's history not to feature Omar Bongo as a candidate. With a crowded field of 18 contenders, including Omar Bongo's son and ruling party leader, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Bongo_Ondimba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Bongo Ondimba">Ali Bongo</a>, the elections were closely watched both domestically and internationally. </p><p>After a rigorous three-week review by the Constitutional Court, Ali Bongo was officially declared the winner, leading to his inauguration on 16 October 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the announcement of his victory was met with skepticism by some opposition candidates, sparking sporadic protests across the country. Nowhere was this discontent more pronounced than in <a href="/wiki/Port-Gentil" title="Port-Gentil">Port-Gentil</a>, where allegations of electoral fraud resulted in violent demonstrations. The unrest claimed four lives and led to significant property damage, including attacks on the French Consulate and a local prison. Subsequently, security forces were deployed, and a curfew remained in effect for over three months.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2010, a partial legislative by-election was held, marking the emergence of the Union Nationale (UN) coalition, primarily comprising defectors from the ruling PDG party following Omar Bongo's death. The contest for the five available seats saw both the PDG and UN claiming victory, underscoring the political tensions that persisted in the aftermath of the presidential transition.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The political landscape was further disrupted in January 2019 when a group of soldiers attempted a coup against President Ali Bongo. Despite initial unrest, the coup ultimately failed, but it highlighted the ongoing challenges facing Gabon's political stability.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Against this backdrop of political volatility, Gabon achieved significant milestones on the international stage. In June 2021, it became the first country to receive payments for reducing emissions resulting from deforestation and forest degradation. Additionally, in June 2022, Gabon, along with <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, joined the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>, signalling its commitment to multilateral engagement and cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2023_coup_d'état"><span id="2023_coup_d.27.C3.A9tat"></span>2023 coup d'état</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2023 coup d'état"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Gabonese coup d'état">2023 Gabonese coup d'état</a></div> <p>In August 2023, following the announcement that Ali Bongo had won a third term in the <a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_general_election" title="2023 Gabonese general election">general election</a>, military officers announced that they had taken power in a <a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Gabonese coup d'état">coup d'état</a> and cancelled the election results. They also dissolved state institutions including the Judiciary, Parliament and the constitutional assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 August 2023, army officers who seized power, ending the Bongo family's 55-year hold on power, named Gen <a href="/wiki/Brice_Clotaire_Oligui_Nguema" class="mw-redirect" title="Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema">Brice Oligui Nguema</a> as the country's transitional leader.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 September 2023, General Nguema was sworn in as interim president of Gabon.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2024, a <a href="/wiki/2024_Gabon_constitutional_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Gabon constitutional referendum">referendum on a new constitution</a> will be held.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gabon" title="Politics of Gabon">Politics of Gabon</a></div> <p>The presidential republic form of government is stated under the 1961 constitution (revised in 1975, rewritten in 1991, and revised in 2003). The president is elected by universal suffrage for a seven-year term; a 2003 constitutional amendment removed presidential term limits. The president can appoint and dismiss the prime minister, the cabinet, and judges of the independent Supreme Court. The president has other powers such as authority to dissolve the National Assembly, declare a state of siege, delay legislation, and conduct referendums.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gabon has a <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Gabon" title="Parliament of Gabon">bicameral legislature</a> with a National Assembly and Senate. The National Assembly has 120 deputies who are popularly elected for a five-year term. The Senate is composed of 102 members who are elected by municipal councils and regional assemblies and serve for six years. The Senate was created in the 1990–1991 constitutional revision, and was not brought into being until after the 1997 local elections. The President of the Senate is next in succession to the President.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, the government made changes to Gabon's political system. A transitional constitution was drafted in May 1990 as an outgrowth of the national political conference in March–April and later revised by a constitutional committee. Among its provisions were a Western-style <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_rights" title="Bill of rights">bill of rights</a>, creation of a National Council of Democracy to oversee the guarantee of those rights, a governmental advisory board on economic and social issues, and an independent judiciary. After approval by the National Assembly, PDG Central Committee, and the President, the Assembly unanimously adopted the constitution in March 1991. Multiparty legislative elections were held in 1990–1991 when opposition parties had not been declared formally legal. In January 1991, the Assembly passed by unanimous vote a law governing the legalization of opposition parties.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After President <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo" title="Omar Bongo">Omar Bongo</a> was re-elected in 1993, in a disputed election where only 51% of votes were cast, social and political disturbances led to the 1994 Paris Conference and Accords. These provided a framework for the next elections. Local and legislative elections were delayed until 1996–1997. In 1997, constitutional amendments put forward years earlier were adopted to create the Senate and the position of <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Gabon" title="Vice President of Gabon">Vice President</a>, and to extend the President's term to seven years.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2009, President <a href="/wiki/Ali_Bongo_Ondimba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Bongo Ondimba">Ali Bongo Ondimba</a> began efforts to streamline the government. In an effort to reduce corruption and government bloat, he eliminated 17 minister-level positions, abolished the Vice Presidency and reorganized the portfolios of some ministries, bureaus and directorates. In November 2009, President Bongo Ondimba announced a new vision for the modernization of Gabon, called "Gabon Emergent". This program contains three pillars: Green Gabon, Service Gabon, and Industrial Gabon. The goals of Gabon Emergent are to diversify the economy so that Gabon becomes less reliant on petroleum, to eliminate corruption, and to modernize the workforce. Under this program, exports of raw timber have been banned, a government-wide census was held, the work day was changed to eliminate a long midday break, and a national oil company was created.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 January 2011, opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mba_Obame" title="André Mba Obame">André Mba Obame</a> claimed the presidency, saying the country should be run by someone the people really wanted. He selected 19 ministers for his government, and the entire group, along with hundreds of others, spent the night at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> headquarters. On January 26, the government dissolved Mba Obame's party. AU chairman <a href="/wiki/Jean_Ping" title="Jean Ping">Jean Ping</a> said that Mba Obame's action "hurts the integrity of legitimate institutions and also endangers the peace, the security and the stability of Gabon."<sup id="cite_ref-Goma_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goma-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interior Minister Jean-François Ndongou accused Mba Obame and his supporters of <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goma_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goma-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/UN_Secretary-General" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Secretary-General">UN Secretary-General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a>, said that he recognized Ondimba as the only official Gabonese president.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (February 2020)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gabonese_presidential_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabonese presidential election, 2016">2016 presidential election</a> was disputed, with "very close" official results reported. Protests broke out in the capital and met a repression which culminated in the alleged bombing of opposition party headquarters by the presidential guard. Between 50 and 100 citizens were killed by security forces and 1,000 arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International observers criticized irregularities, including unnaturally high turnout reported for some districts. The country's supreme court threw out some suspect precincts, and the ballots have been destroyed. The election was declared in favour of the incumbent Ondimba. The European Parliament issued two resolutions denouncing the unclear results of the election and calling for an investigation on the human rights violations.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few days after the controversial <a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_general_election" title="2023 Gabonese general election">presidential election</a> in August 2023, a group of military officials declared a <a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Gabonese coup d'état">military coup</a> and that they had overthrown the government and deposed Ali Bongo Ondimba. The announcement came hours after <a href="/wiki/Ali_Bongo_Ondimba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Bongo Ondimba">Ali Bongo</a> was officially re-elected for a third term.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Brice_Clotaire_Oligui_Nguema" class="mw-redirect" title="Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema">General Brice Oligui Nguema</a> was appointed as the transitional leader. This event marked the eighth instance of military intervention in the region since 2020, raising concerns about democratic stability.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Gabon" title="Foreign relations of Gabon">Foreign relations of Gabon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_with_Julien_Nkoghe_Bekale_%26_his_spouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Vladimir_Putin_with_Julien_Nkoghe_Bekale_%26_his_spouse.jpg/280px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Julien_Nkoghe_Bekale_%26_his_spouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Vladimir_Putin_with_Julien_Nkoghe_Bekale_%26_his_spouse.jpg/420px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Julien_Nkoghe_Bekale_%26_his_spouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Vladimir_Putin_with_Julien_Nkoghe_Bekale_%26_his_spouse.jpg/560px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Julien_Nkoghe_Bekale_%26_his_spouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister of Gabon <a href="/wiki/Julien_Nkoghe_Bekale" title="Julien Nkoghe Bekale">Julien Nkoghe Bekale</a> and Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Africa_Summit_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia–Africa Summit 2019">Russia-Africa Summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a> in Russia in October 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Since independence, Gabon has followed a nonaligned policy, advocating dialogue in international affairs and recognizing each side of divided countries. In intra-African affairs, it espouses development by evolution rather than revolution and favours regulated private enterprise as the system most likely to promote rapid economic growth. It involved itself in mediation efforts in <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> (D.R.C.), and <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>. In December 1999, through the mediation efforts of President Bongo, a peace accord was signed in the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) between the government and most leaders of an armed rebellion. President Bongo was involved in the continuing D.R.C. peace process, and played a role in mediating the crisis in <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_080107-N-4044H-049_Capt._John_B._Nowell_Jr.,_commodore,_Africa_Partnership_Station_(APS)_is_greeted_by_Gabonese_Army_as_he_arrives_at_a_scheduled_meeting_with_General_Ntori_Longo,_chief_of_Gabonese_Armed_Services,_about.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/US_Navy_080107-N-4044H-049_Capt._John_B._Nowell_Jr.%2C_commodore%2C_Africa_Partnership_Station_%28APS%29_is_greeted_by_Gabonese_Army_as_he_arrives_at_a_scheduled_meeting_with_General_Ntori_Longo%2C_chief_of_Gabonese_Armed_Services%2C_about.jpg/280px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/US_Navy_080107-N-4044H-049_Capt._John_B._Nowell_Jr.%2C_commodore%2C_Africa_Partnership_Station_%28APS%29_is_greeted_by_Gabonese_Army_as_he_arrives_at_a_scheduled_meeting_with_General_Ntori_Longo%2C_chief_of_Gabonese_Armed_Services%2C_about.jpg/420px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/US_Navy_080107-N-4044H-049_Capt._John_B._Nowell_Jr.%2C_commodore%2C_Africa_Partnership_Station_%28APS%29_is_greeted_by_Gabonese_Army_as_he_arrives_at_a_scheduled_meeting_with_General_Ntori_Longo%2C_chief_of_Gabonese_Armed_Services%2C_about.jpg/560px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. Navy Captain greeted by the Gabonese Army</figcaption></figure> <p>Gabon is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) and some of its specialized and related agencies, and of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>; the <a href="/wiki/IMF" class="mw-redirect" title="IMF">IMF</a>; the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> (AU); the Central African Customs Union/Central African Economic and Monetary Community (UDEAC/CEMAC); EU/ACP association under the <a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9_Convention" title="Lomé Convention">Lomé Convention</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Communaute_Financiere_Africaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Communaute Financiere Africaine">Communaute Financiere Africaine</a> (CFA); the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Islamic_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of the Islamic Conference">Organization of the Islamic Conference</a> (OIC); the <a href="/wiki/Nonaligned_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonaligned Movement">Nonaligned Movement</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_Central_African_States" title="Economic Community of Central African States">Economic Community of Central African States</a> (ECCAS/CEEAC). In 1995, Gabon withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Petroleum_Exporting_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries">Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries</a> (OPEC), rejoining in 2016. Gabon was elected to a non-permanent seat on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> for January 2010 through December 2011 and held the rotating presidency in March 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, Gabon joined the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, ruling <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">junta</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Brice_Oligui_Nguema" title="Brice Oligui Nguema">Brice Oligui Nguema</a> assured American and French leaders that Gabon would be an ally of the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">West</a> moving forward, as a part of his broader plan to solve the ongoing debt crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Gabon" title="Armed Forces of Gabon">Armed Forces of Gabon</a></div> <p>It has a professional military of about 5,000 personnel, divided into <a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabonese Army">army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Navy" title="Gabonese Navy">navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Air_Force" title="Gabonese Air Force">air force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a>, and police force. A 1,800-member guard provides security for the president.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-left" typeof="mw:File"><span title="A clickable map of Gabon exhibiting its nine provinces."><img alt="A clickable map of Gabon exhibiting its nine provinces." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gabon_provinces_numbered.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="320" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="320" usemap="#ImageMap_f62e7db9da31e81b" resource="/wiki/File:Gabon_provinces_numbered.png" /></span><map name="ImageMap_f62e7db9da31e81b"><area href="/wiki/Estuaire_Province" shape="rect" coords="53,82,92,115" alt="Estuaire Province" title="Estuaire Province" /><area href="/wiki/Haut-Ogoou%C3%A9" shape="rect" coords="237,161,274,204" alt="Haut-Ogooué" title="Haut-Ogooué" /><area href="/wiki/Moyen-Ogoou%C3%A9" shape="rect" coords="88,118,116,151" alt="Moyen-Ogooué" title="Moyen-Ogooué" /><area href="/wiki/Ngouni%C3%A9_Province" shape="rect" coords="105,176,144,218" alt="Ngounié" title="Ngounié" /><area href="/wiki/Nyanga_Province" shape="rect" coords="109,248,136,284" alt="Nyanga Province" title="Nyanga Province" /><area href="/wiki/Ogoou%C3%A9-Ivindo" shape="rect" coords="192,65,218,99" alt="Ogooué-Ivindo" title="Ogooué-Ivindo" /><area href="/wiki/Ogoou%C3%A9-Lolo" shape="rect" coords="176,147,212,188" alt="Ogooué-Lolo" title="Ogooué-Lolo" /><area href="/wiki/Ogoou%C3%A9-Maritime" shape="rect" coords="29,167,67,218" alt="Ogooué-Maritime" title="Ogooué-Maritime" /><area href="/wiki/Woleu-Ntem" shape="rect" coords="146,20,183,63" alt="Woleu-Ntem" title="Woleu-Ntem" /></map><figcaption>A clickable map of Gabon exhibiting its nine provinces.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Gabon" title="Subdivisions of Gabon">Subdivisions of Gabon</a></div> <p>It is divided into 9 provinces which are subdivided into 50 <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Gabon" title="Departments of Gabon">departments</a>. The president appoints the provincial governors, the prefects, and the subprefects.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The provinces are (capitals in parentheses): </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Estuaire_Province" title="Estuaire Province">Estuaire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haut-Ogoou%C3%A9_Province" title="Haut-Ogooué Province">Haut-Ogooué</a> (<a href="/wiki/Franceville" title="Franceville">Franceville</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyen-Ogoou%C3%A9_Province" title="Moyen-Ogooué Province">Moyen-Ogooué</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lambar%C3%A9n%C3%A9" title="Lambaréné">Lambaréné</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngouni%C3%A9_Province" title="Ngounié Province">Ngounié</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mouila" title="Mouila">Mouila</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyanga_Province" title="Nyanga Province">Nyanga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tchibanga" title="Tchibanga">Tchibanga</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogoou%C3%A9-Ivindo_Province" title="Ogooué-Ivindo Province">Ogooué-Ivindo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Makokou" title="Makokou">Makokou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogoou%C3%A9-Lolo_Province" title="Ogooué-Lolo Province">Ogooué-Lolo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koulamoutou" title="Koulamoutou">Koulamoutou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogoou%C3%A9-Maritime_Province" title="Ogooué-Maritime Province">Ogooué-Maritime</a> (<a href="/wiki/Port-Gentil" title="Port-Gentil">Port-Gentil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleu-Ntem_Province" title="Woleu-Ntem Province">Woleu-Ntem</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oyem" title="Oyem">Oyem</a>)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gabon" title="Geography of Gabon">Geography of Gabon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Gabon" title="Geology of Gabon">Geology of Gabon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabon_sat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gabon_sat.png/220px-Gabon_sat.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gabon_sat.png/330px-Gabon_sat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gabon_sat.png/440px-Gabon_sat.png 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of Gabon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_GAB_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Koppen-Geiger_Map_GAB_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_GAB_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Koppen-Geiger_Map_GAB_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_GAB_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Koppen-Geiger_Map_GAB_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_GAB_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Map of Köppen climate classification</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area,_Top_Countries_(2021).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area%2C_Top_Countries_%282021%29.svg/330px-Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area%2C_Top_Countries_%282021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area%2C_Top_Countries_%282021%29.svg/495px-Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area%2C_Top_Countries_%282021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area%2C_Top_Countries_%282021%29.svg/660px-Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area%2C_Top_Countries_%282021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Share of forest area in total land area, top countries (2021). Gabon has the fourth highest percentage of forest cover in the world.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gabon is located on the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> coast of central Africa on the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>, between latitudes <a href="/wiki/3rd_parallel_north" title="3rd parallel north">3°N</a> and <a href="/wiki/4th_parallel_south" title="4th parallel south">4°S</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/8th_meridian_east" title="8th meridian east">8°</a> and <a href="/wiki/15th_meridian_east" title="15th meridian east">15°E</a>. Gabon has an <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Equatorial climate">equatorial climate</a> with a system of <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">rainforests</a>, with 89.3% of its land area forested.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are coastal plains (ranging between 20 and 300 km [10 and 190 mi] from the ocean's shore), the mountains (the Cristal Mountains to the northeast of Libreville, the Chaillu Massif in the centre), and the <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a> in the east. The coastal plains form a section of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wildlife Fund">World Wildlife Fund</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Equatorial_coastal_forests" title="Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests">Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a> and contain patches of <a href="/wiki/Central_African_mangroves" title="Central African mangroves">Central African mangroves</a> including on the <a href="/wiki/Muni_River" title="Muni River">Muni River</a> estuary on the border with <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geologically, Gabon is primarily <a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archaean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palaeoproterozoic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeoproterozoic">Palaeoproterozoic</a> igneous and <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_basement_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamorphic basement rock">metamorphic basement rock</a>, belonging to the stable continental crust of the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Craton" title="Congo Craton">Congo Craton</a>. Some formations are more than 2 billion years old. Some rock units are overlain by marine <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonate</a>, lacustrine and continental sedimentary rocks, and unconsolidated sediments and soils that formed in the last 2.5 million years of the <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a>. The rifting apart of the <a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">supercontinent</a> <a href="/wiki/Pangaea" title="Pangaea">Pangaea</a> created rift basins that filled with sediments and formed the hydrocarbons.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are Oklo reactor zones, a <a href="/wiki/Natural_nuclear_fission_reactor" title="Natural nuclear fission reactor">natural nuclear fission reactor</a> on Earth which was active 2 billion years ago. The site was discovered during uranium mining in the 1970s to supply the French nuclear power industry. </p><p>Its largest river is the <a href="/wiki/Ogoou%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogooué">Ogooué</a> which is 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) long. It has 3 <a href="/wiki/Karst_topography" class="mw-redirect" title="Karst topography">karst</a> areas where there are hundreds of caves located in the dolomite and limestone rocks. A National Geographic Expedition visited some caves in the summer of 2008 to document them.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, President Omar Bongo Ondimba designated roughly 10% of the nation's territory to be part of its <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Gabon" title="List of national parks of Gabon">national park system</a> (with 13 parks in total). The <a href="/wiki/National_Agency_for_National_Parks" title="National Agency for National Parks">National Agency for National Parks</a> manages Gabon's national park system. Gabon had a 2018 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 9.07/10, ranking it 9th globally out of 172 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Wildlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Gabon" title="Wildlife of Gabon">Wildlife of Gabon</a></div> <p>Gabon has a large number of protected animal and plant species. The country's biodiversity is one of the most varied on the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fauna_of_Gabon">Fauna of Gabon</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Fauna of Gabon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gabon is home of 604 species of birds, 98 species of amphibians, between 95 and 160 species of reptiles and 198 different species of mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Gabon there are rare species, such as the Gabon <a href="/wiki/Pangolin" title="Pangolin">pangolin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grey-necked_rockfowl" title="Grey-necked rockfowl">grey-necked rockfowl</a>, or endemics, such as the Gabon <a href="/wiki/Guenon" title="Guenon">guenon</a>. </p><p>The country is one of the most varied and important fauna reserves in Africa:<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is an important refuge for <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzees</a> (whose number, in 2003, was estimated between 27,000 and 64,000)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and <a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorillas</a> (28,000-42,000 estimated in 1983).<sup id="cite_ref-Tutin_1984_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tutin_1984-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Gorilla and Chimpanzee Study Station" inside the <a href="/wiki/Lop%C3%A9_National_Park" title="Lopé National Park">Lopé National Park</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> is dedicated to their study. </p><p>It is also home to more than half the population of <a href="/wiki/Loxodonta_cyclotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Loxodonta cyclotis">African forest elephants</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Mutsaka_2021_q241_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mutsaka_2021_q241-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mostly in <a href="/wiki/Mink%C3%A9b%C3%A9_National_Park" title="Minkébé National Park">Minkébé National Park</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Gabon's national symbol is the <a href="/wiki/Black_panther" title="Black panther">black panther</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Sport_2016_f111_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Sport_2016_f111-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flora_of_Gabon">Flora of Gabon</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Flora of Gabon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than 10,000 species of plants, and 400 species of trees form the flora of Gabon. Gabon's <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> is considered the densest and most virgin in Africa. However, the country's enormous population growth is causing heavy deforestation that threatens this valuable ecosystem. Likewise, poaching endangers wildlife. Gabon's national flower is <a href="/wiki/Delonix_regia" title="Delonix regia">Delonix Regia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gabon" title="Economy of Gabon">Economy of Gabon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabon_Product_Exports_(2019).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gabon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/290px-Gabon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gabon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/435px-Gabon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gabon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/580px-Gabon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>A proportional representation of Gabon exports in 2019.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_development_of_Gabon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Gabon.svg/220px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Gabon.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Gabon.svg/440px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Change in per capita GDP of Gabon, 1950–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Oil_revenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil revenue">Oil revenues</a> constitute roughly 46% of the government's budget, 43% of the gross domestic product (GDP), and 81% of exports. Oil production declined from its higher point of 370,000 barrels per day in 1997. Some estimates suggest that Gabonese oil will be expended by 2025. Planning is beginning for an after-oil scenario.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rich Grondin Oil Field was discovered in 1971 in 50 m (160 ft) water depths 40 km (25 mi) offshore in an <a href="/wiki/Anticline" title="Anticline">anticline</a> salt <a href="/wiki/Structural_trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural trap">structural trap</a> in Batanga <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstones</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maastrichtian" title="Maastrichtian">Maastrichtian</a> age, but about 60% of its estimated reserves had been extracted by 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2023, Gabon produced about 200,000 barrels a day (bpd) of crude oil.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Overspending" on the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Gabon_Railway" title="Trans-Gabon Railway">Trans-Gabon Railway</a>, the CFA franc devaluation of 1994, and periods of lower oil prices caused debt problems.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Successive <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF) missions have criticized the Gabonaise government for overspending on off-budget items (in good years and bad), over-borrowing from the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Central_African_States" title="Bank of Central African States">central bank</a>, and slipping on the schedule for <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a> and administrative reform. In September 2005 Gabon successfully concluded a 15-month Stand-By Arrangement with the IMF. A three-year Stand-By Arrangement with IMF was approved in May 2007. Because of the financial crisis and social developments surrounding the death of President Omar Bongo and the elections, Gabon was unable to meet its economic goals under the Stand-By Arrangement in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gabon's oil revenues have given it a per capita GDP of $8,600. A "skewed income distribution" and "poor social indicators" are "evident".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The richest 20% of the population earn over 90% of the income while about a third of the Gabonese population lives in poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The economy is dependent on extraction. Before the discovery of oil, logging was the "pillar" of the Gabonese economy. Then, logging and manganese mining are the "next-most-important" income generators. Some explorations suggest the presence of the world's largest unexploited iron ore deposit. For some who live in rural areas without access to employment opportunity in extractive industries, remittances from family members in urban areas or subsistence activities provide income.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foreign and local observers have lamented the lack of diversity in the Gabonese economy. Factors that have "limited the development of new industries" were listed as follows: </p> <ul><li>the market is "small", about a million</li> <li>dependent on imports from France</li> <li>unable to capitalize on regional markets</li> <li>entrepreneurial zeal not always present among the Gabonese</li> <li>a "fairly regular" stream of oil "rent", even if it is diminishing</li></ul> <p>Further investment in the agricultural or tourism sectors is "complicated by poor infrastructure". Some processing and service sectors are "largely dominated by a few prominent local investors".<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At World Bank and IMF insistence, the government embarked in the 1990s on a program of privatization of its state-owned companies and administrative reform, including reducing public sector employment and salary growth. The government has voiced a commitment to work toward an economic transformation of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Gabon" title="Energy in Gabon">Energy in Gabon</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Gabon" title="Transport in Gabon">Transport in Gabon</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Gabon" title="Demographics of Gabon">Demographics of Gabon</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px"> <caption>Population in Gabon<sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Million </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1950</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">2000</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">2021</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crowd_on_Beach_in_Gabon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Crowd_on_Beach_in_Gabon.JPG/220px-Crowd_on_Beach_in_Gabon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Crowd_on_Beach_in_Gabon.JPG/330px-Crowd_on_Beach_in_Gabon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Crowd_on_Beach_in_Gabon.JPG/440px-Crowd_on_Beach_in_Gabon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Crowd on beach</figcaption></figure> <p>It has a population of approximately 2.3 million.<sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historical and environmental factors caused its population to decline between 1900 and 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has one of the lowest <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population densities</a> of any country in Africa,<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the fourth highest <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gabon has at least 40 <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Fang_people" title="Fang people">Fang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myene_language" title="Myene language">Myènè</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punu_people" title="Punu people">Punu</a>-Échira, <a href="/wiki/Nzebi_languages" title="Nzebi languages">Nzebi</a>-Adouma, <a href="/wiki/Teke_people" title="Teke people">Teke</a>-Mbete, Mèmbè, <a href="/wiki/Kota_people_(Gabon)" title="Kota people (Gabon)">Kota</a>, Akélé.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are indigenous <a href="/wiki/Pygmy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pygmy">Pygmy</a> peoples: the <a href="/wiki/Bongo_people_(Gabon)" title="Bongo people (Gabon)">Bongo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baka_people_(Cameroon_and_Gabon)" title="Baka people (Cameroon and Gabon)">Baka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter speak the only non-Bantu language in Gabon. More than 10,000 native French live in Gabon, including an estimated 2,000 dual nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_17-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some ethnicities are spread throughout Gabon, leading to contact, interaction among the groups, and intermarriage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_centres">Population centres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Population centres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Gabon" title="List of cities in Gabon">List of cities in Gabon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_de_mer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Front_de_mer.jpg/220px-Front_de_mer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Front_de_mer.jpg/330px-Front_de_mer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Front_de_mer.jpg/440px-Front_de_mer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Libreville</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Park_In_Gabon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Park_In_Gabon.JPG/220px-Park_In_Gabon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Park_In_Gabon.JPG/330px-Park_In_Gabon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Park_In_Gabon.JPG/440px-Park_In_Gabon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>People in Libreville</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Cities of Gabon</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Rank</th> <th rowspan="2">City</th> <th colspan="2">Population</th> <th rowspan="2">Province </th></tr> <tr> <th>2003 census<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation.de_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2013 census<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation.de_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">1.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a></td> <td align="right">538,195</td> <td align="right">703,940</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estuaire_Province" title="Estuaire Province">Estuaire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port-Gentil" title="Port-Gentil">Port-Gentil</a></td> <td align="right">105,712</td> <td align="right">136,462</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ogoou%C3%A9-Maritime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogooué-Maritime">Ogooué-Maritime</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">3.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franceville" title="Franceville">Franceville</a></td> <td align="right">103,840</td> <td align="right">110,568</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haut-Ogoou%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut-Ogooué">Haut-Ogooué</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">4.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Owendo" title="Owendo">Owendo</a></td> <td align="right">51,661</td> <td align="right">79,300</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estuaire_Province" title="Estuaire Province">Estuaire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">5.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oyem" title="Oyem">Oyem</a></td> <td align="right">35,241</td> <td align="right">60,685</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Woleu-Ntem" class="mw-redirect" title="Woleu-Ntem">Woleu-Ntem</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">6.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moanda" title="Moanda">Moanda</a></td> <td align="right">42,703</td> <td align="right">59,154</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haut-Ogoou%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut-Ogooué">Haut-Ogooué</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">7.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ntoum" title="Ntoum">Ntoum</a></td> <td align="right">12,711</td> <td align="right">51,954</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estuaire_Province" title="Estuaire Province">Estuaire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">8.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lambar%C3%A9n%C3%A9" title="Lambaréné">Lambaréné</a></td> <td align="right">24,883</td> <td align="right">38,775</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moyen-Ogoou%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Moyen-Ogooué">Moyen-Ogooué</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">9.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mouila" title="Mouila">Mouila</a></td> <td align="right">21,074</td> <td align="right">36,061</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ngouni%C3%A9_Province" title="Ngounié Province">Ngounié</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">10.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akanda" title="Akanda">Akanda</a></td> <td align="right">–</td> <td align="right">34,548</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estuaire_Province" title="Estuaire Province">Estuaire</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gabon" title="Languages of Gabon">Languages of Gabon</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> is the sole official language. It is estimated that 80% of the population can speak French, and that 30% of Libreville residents are native speakers of the language. </p><p>Nationally, a majority of the Gabonese people speak indigenous languages, according to their ethnic group, while this proportion is lower than in most other Sub-Saharan African countries. The 2013 census found that 63.7% of Gabon's population could speak a Gabonese language, broken down by 86.3% in rural areas and 60.5% in urban areas speaking at least one national language.<sup id="cite_ref-recensement2013_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recensement2013-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gabon" title="Religion in Gabon">Religion in Gabon</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1221.5448675752px; border-left-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 202.51256191925px; border-left-color:MediumSeaGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:MediumSeaGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:MediumSeaGreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 49.379652823647px; border-left-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 26.346466774617px; border-left-color:Darkorchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Darkorchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Darkorchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:21.200710992205px 97.726812356819px 0 0; border-top-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Gabon by the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a> (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-ARDA_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARDA-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> (53.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Darkorchid; color:white;"> </span> Other <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> (25.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Gold; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a> (3.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:MediumSeaGreen; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> (10.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Pink; color:black;"> </span> Other (6.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;"> </span> None / No Answer (1.4%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Religions practised in Gabon include <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>), <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, and traditional indigenous religious beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-report_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some people practise elements of both <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and indigenous religious beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-report_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 79% of the population (53% Catholic) practise one of the denominations of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>; 10% practise <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (mainly <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a>); the remainder practise other religions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Gabon" title="Health in Gabon">Health in Gabon</a></div> <p>A private hospital was established in 1913 in <a href="/wiki/Lambar%C3%A9n%C3%A9" title="Lambaréné">Lambaréné</a> by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a>. By 1985 there were 28 hospitals, 87 medical centres, and 312 infirmaries and dispensaries. As of 2004<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were an estimated 29 physicians per 100,000 people, and "approximately 90% of the population had access to health care services". </p><p>In 2000, 70% of the population had access to "safe drinking water" and 21% had "adequate sanitation". A government health program treats such diseases as <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_trypanosomiasis" title="African trypanosomiasis">sleeping sickness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filariasis" title="Filariasis">filariasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_worms" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestinal worms">intestinal worms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>. Rates for immunization of children under the age of 1 were 97% for tuberculosis and 65% for <a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a>. Immunization rates for <a href="/wiki/DPT_vaccine" title="DPT vaccine">DPT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a> were 37% and 56% respectively. Gabon has a domestic supply of pharmaceuticals from a factory in Libreville. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> has decreased from 5.8 in 1960 to 4.2 children per mother during childbearing years in 2000. 10% of all births were "low birth weight". The <a href="/wiki/Maternal_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maternal mortality rate">maternal mortality rate</a> was 520 per 100,000 live births as of 1998. In 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Infant mortality rate">infant mortality rate</a> was 55.35 per 1,000 live births and life expectancy was 55.02 years. As of 2002, the overall mortality rate was estimated at 17.6 per 1,000 inhabitants. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a> <a href="/wiki/Prevalence" title="Prevalence">prevalence</a> is estimated to be 5.2% of the adult population (ages 15–49).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, approximately 46,000 people were living with HIV/AIDS.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were an estimated 2,400 deaths from AIDS in 2009 – down from 3,000 deaths in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gabon" title="Education in Gabon">Education in Gabon</a></div> <p>Its education system is regulated by two ministries: the Ministry of Education, in charge of pre-kindergarten through the last high school grade, and the Ministry of Higher Education and Innovative Technologies, in charge of universities, higher education, and professional schools. </p><p>Education is compulsory for children ages 6 to 16 under the Education Act. Some children in Gabon start their school lives by attending nurseries or "Crèche", then kindergarten known as "Jardins d'Enfants". At age 6, they are enrolled in primary school, "École Primaire" which is made up of 6 grades. The next level is "École Secondaire", which is made up of 7 grades. The planned graduation age is 19 years old. Those who graduate can apply for admission at institutions of higher learning, including engineering schools or business schools. As of 2012, the literacy rate of a population ages 15 and above was 82%.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government has used oil revenue for school construction, paying teachers' salaries, and promoting education, including in rural areas. Maintenance of school structures, and teachers' salaries, has been declining. In 2002 the gross primary enrollment rate was 132%, and in 2000 the net primary enrollment rate was 78%. Gross and net enrollment ratios are based on the number of students formally registered in primary school. As of 2001, 69% of children who started primary school were "likely" to reach grade 5. Problems in the education system include "poor management and planning, lack of oversight, poorly qualified teachers", and "overcrowded classrooms".<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are various universities in Gabon which are being chartered, licensed or accredited by the appropriate Gabonese higher education-related organization.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gabon" title="Culture of Gabon">Culture of Gabon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TsogoMask.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/TsogoMask.jpg/220px-TsogoMask.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/TsogoMask.jpg/330px-TsogoMask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/TsogoMask.jpg/440px-TsogoMask.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>A Gabonese mask</figcaption></figure> <p>Gabon's cultural heritage, rooted in an oral tradition for much of its history, began to flourish with the spread of literacy in the 21st century. Rich in folklore and mythology, the country is home to a tapestry of traditions that have been preserved and passed down through generations. Custodians of these traditions, known as "raconteurs," diligently work to ensure their continuity, nurturing practices like the mvett among the Fangs and the Ingwala among the Nzebis. </p><p>Central to Gabonese culture are its iconic masks, each imbued with unique significance and craftsmanship. Among these are the renowned n'goltang masks of the Fang people and the intricate reliquary figures of the <a href="/wiki/Kota_people_(Gabon)" title="Kota people (Gabon)">Kota</a>. These masks hold crucial roles in various ceremonies, including those marking significant life events such as marriage, birth, and funerals. Crafted by traditionalists using rare local woods and other precious materials, these masks serve as artistic expressions and vessels of cultural heritage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gabon" title="Music of Gabon">Music of Gabon</a></div> <p>It has an array of folk styles. Imported rock and hip hop from the US and UK are in Gabon, as are <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Rumba" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Rumba">rumba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makossa" title="Makossa">makossa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soukous" title="Soukous">soukous</a>. Some folk instruments include the obala, the <a href="/wiki/Ngombi" title="Ngombi">ngombi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon">balafon</a> and drums.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Gabon">Media of Gabon</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gabon" title="Special:EditPage/Gabon">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Gabonaise" title="Radio Télévision Gabonaise">Radio-Diffusion Télévision Gabonaise</a> (RTG) which is owned and operated by the government broadcasts in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and indigenous languages. Colour television broadcasts have been introduced in some cities. In 1981, a commercial radio station, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> No. 1, began operations. It has participation from the French and Gabonese governments and private European media. </p><p>In 2004, the government operated 2 radio stations and another 7 were privately owned. There were 2 government television stations and 4 privately owned. In 2003, there were an estimated 488 radios and 308 television sets for every 1,000 people. About 11.5 of every 1,000 people were cable subscribers. In 2003, there were 22.4 personal computers for every 1,000 people and 26 of every 1,000 people had access to the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. The national press service is the Gabonese Press Agency which publishes a daily paper, <i>Gabon-Matin</i> (circulation 18,000 as of 2002). </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Union" title="L'Union">L'Union</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a>, the government-controlled daily newspaper, had an average daily circulation of 40,000 in 2002. The weekly <i>Gabon d'Aujourdhui</i> is published by the Ministry of Communications. There are about 9 privately owned periodicals which are either independent or affiliated with political parties. These publish in certain numbers that have been delayed by financial constraints. The constitution of Gabon provides for free speech and a free press, and the government supports these rights. Some periodicals actively criticize the government and foreign publications are available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Gabonese cuisine</a></div> <p>Gabonese cuisine is influenced by French cuisine, and <a href="/wiki/Staple_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Staple foods">staple foods</a> are available.<sup id="cite_ref-Foster_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foster-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gabon_national_football_team" title="Gabon national football team">Gabon national football team</a> has represented the nation since 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Gabon_national_under-23_football_team" title="Gabon national under-23 football team">Under-23 football team</a> won the <a href="/wiki/2011_CAF_U-23_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 CAF U-23 Championship">2011 CAF U-23 Championship</a> and qualified for the <a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" title="Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament">2012 London Olympics</a>. Gabon were joint hosts, along with <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/2012_Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="2012 Africa Cup of Nations">2012 Africa Cup of Nations</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the sole hosts of the competition's <a href="/wiki/2017_Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="2017 Africa Cup of Nations">2017 tournament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gabon_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabon national basketball team">Gabon national basketball team</a>, nicknamed <i>Les Panthères</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> finished 8th at the <a href="/wiki/AfroBasket_2015" title="AfroBasket 2015">AfroBasket 2015</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gabon_at_the_Olympics" title="Gabon at the Olympics">Gabon</a> has competed at most Summer Olympics since 1972. <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Obame" title="Anthony Obame">Anthony Obame</a> won a silver medal in <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">taekwondo</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Olympics</a> held in London.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gabon has <a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">recreational fishing</a> and is considered the "best place in the world" to catch <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_tarpon" title="Atlantic tarpon">Atlantic tarpon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2006, Gabon has hosted <a href="/wiki/La_Tropicale_Amissa_Bongo" title="La Tropicale Amissa Bongo">La Tropicale Amissa Bongo</a>, a professional week long bicycle race which includes both European and African teams.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chris_Silva" title="Chris Silva">Chris Silva</a> is a Gabonese basketball player in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Basketball_Premier_League" title="Israeli Basketball Premier League">Israeli Basketball Premier League</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Gabon-related_articles" title="Index of Gabon-related articles">Index of Gabon-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Gabon" title="Outline of Gabon">Outline of Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambar%C3%A9n%C3%A9" title="Lambaréné">Lambaréné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4pital_Albert_Schweitzer" title="Hôpital Albert Schweitzer">Hôpital Albert Schweitzer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gabon/summaries">"Country Summary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Summary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fgabon%2Fsummaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObangome2023" class="citation web cs1">Obangome, Gerauds Wilfried (30 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/gabonese-military-officers-announce-television-they-have-seized-power-2023-08-30/">"Gabonese military officers announce on television they have seized power"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830050410/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/gabonese-military-officers-announce-television-they-have-seized-power-2023-08-30/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gabonese+military+officers+announce+on+television+they+have+seized+power&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2023-08-30&rft.aulast=Obangome&rft.aufirst=Gerauds+Wilfried&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fgabonese-military-officers-announce-television-they-have-seized-power-2023-08-30%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/general-nguema-appointed-transitional-president-of-gabon-following-coup/2979600">"General Nguema appointed transitional president of Gabon following coup"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Anadolu_Agency" title="Anadolu Agency">Anadolu Agency</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Kigali,_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kigali, Rwanda">Kigali, Rwanda</a>. 30 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831133826/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/general-nguema-appointed-transitional-president-of-gabon-following-coup/2979600">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anadolu+Agency&rft.atitle=General+Nguema+appointed+transitional+president+of+Gabon+following+coup&rft.date=2023-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fafrica%2Fgeneral-nguema-appointed-transitional-president-of-gabon-following-coup%2F2979600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acp.cd/international/gabon-joseph-owondault-berre-nomme-vice-president-de-la-transition/">"Gabon: Joseph Owondault Berre nommé vice-président de la transition"</a>. <i>ACP</i> (in French). 12 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ACP&rft.atitle=Gabon%3A+Joseph+Owondault+Berre+nomm%C3%A9+vice-pr%C3%A9sident+de+la+transition&rft.date=2023-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facp.cd%2Finternational%2Fgabon-joseph-owondault-berre-nomme-vice-president-de-la-transition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/gabon-junta-names-former-pm-raymond-ndong-sima-interim-pm-statement-2023-09-07/">"Gabon junta names former PM Raymond Ndong Sima as interim PM - statement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 7 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230907164025/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/gabon-junta-names-former-pm-raymond-ndong-sima-interim-pm-statement-2023-09-07/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Gabon+junta+names+former+PM+Raymond+Ndong+Sima+as+interim+PM+-+statement&rft.date=2023-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fgabon-junta-names-former-pm-raymond-ndong-sima-interim-pm-statement-2023-09-07%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gabon">"Gabon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> (2024 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Gabon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fgabon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.GA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.GA_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.GA_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.GA_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.GA_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=646,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Gabon)"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 10 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108163747/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=646,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=GINI+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DGA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/24"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opecfund.org/who-we-are/member-countries/gabon">"Gabon - OPEC Fund for International Development"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422143809/https://opecfund.org/who-we-are/member-countries/gabon">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gabon+-+OPEC+Fund+for+International+Development&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopecfund.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Fmember-countries%2Fgabon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gates,_page_1468-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gates,_page_1468_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates,_Henry_Louis_&_Kwame_Anthony_Appiah1999" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Henry Louis & Kwame Anthony Appiah (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africanaencyclop00appi/page/2095"><i>Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience</i></a></span>. New York City: Basic Civitas Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/africanaencyclop00appi/page/1468">1468</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-00071-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-00071-1"><bdi>0-465-00071-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africana%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+the+African+and+African+American+Experience&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=1468&rft.pub=Basic+Civitas+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-465-00071-1&rft.au=Gates%2C+Henry+Louis+%26+Kwame+Anthony+Appiah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafricanaencyclop00appi%2Fpage%2F2095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldie1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Taubman_Goldie" title="George Taubman Goldie">Goldie, George Dashwood Taubman</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Brazza, Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Brazza,_Pierre_Paul_Fran%C3%A7ois_Camille_Savorgnan_de">"Brazza, Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). pp. 464–465.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brazza%2C+Pierre+Paul+Fran%C3%A7ois+Camille+Savorgnan+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=464-465&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Goldie&rft.aufirst=George+Dashwood+Taubman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13376333">"Gabon country profile"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 24 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925030921/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13376333">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gabon+country+profile&rft.date=2018-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-13376333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archontology.org/nations/gabon/01_polity.php">"Gabon"</a>. Archontology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128073532/http://www.archontology.org/nations/gabon/01_polity.php">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gabon&rft.pub=Archontology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archontology.org%2Fnations%2Fgabon%2F01_polity.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bn-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_17-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2826.htm">Background note: Gabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a> (4 August 2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107084533/https://bnonews.com/index.php/2019/01/military-coup-underway-in-gabon/">"Soldiers in Gabon try to seize power in failed coup attempt"</a>. <i>Bnonews.com</i>. 7 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bnonews.com/index.php/2019/01/military-coup-underway-in-gabon/">the original</a> on 7 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bnonews.com&rft.atitle=Soldiers+in+Gabon+try+to+seize+power+in+failed+coup+attempt&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbnonews.com%2Findex.php%2F2019%2F01%2Fmilitary-coup-underway-in-gabon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/news/gabon-and-togo-join-commonwealth">"Gabon and Togo join the Commonwealth"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. 25 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220721122228/https://thecommonwealth.org/news/gabon-and-togo-join-commonwealth">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gabon+and+Togo+join+the+Commonwealth&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Nations&rft.date=2022-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecommonwealth.org%2Fnews%2Fgabon-and-togo-join-commonwealth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/30/gabon-military-officers-claim-power-say-election-lacked-credibility">"Gabon military officers claim power, say election lacked credibility"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830050716/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/30/gabon-military-officers-claim-power-say-election-lacked-credibility">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Gabon+military+officers+claim+power%2C+say+election+lacked+credibility&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F8%2F30%2Fgabon-military-officers-claim-power-say-election-lacked-credibility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/gabonese-military-officers-announce-they-have-seized-power-2023-08-30/">"Gabonese military officers announce they have seized power of oil-rich country"</a>. Reuters. 30 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830051446/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/gabonese-military-officers-announce-they-have-seized-power-2023-08-30/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gabonese+military+officers+announce+they+have+seized+power+of+oil-rich+country&rft.date=2023-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fgabonese-military-officers-announce-they-have-seized-power-2023-08-30%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66666585">"Gabon coup leaders name Gen Brice Oligui Nguema as new leader"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 31 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831010153/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66666585">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gabon+coup+leaders+name+Gen+Brice+Oligui+Nguema+as+new+leader&rft.date=2023-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-66666585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66705693">"Gabon coup leader Brice Nguema vows free elections - but no date"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 4 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230904220628/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66705693">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gabon+coup+leader+Brice+Nguema+vows+free+elections+-+but+no+date&rft.date=2023-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-66705693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/fr/%C3%A9missions/journal-de-l-afrique/20241018-nouvelle-constitution-au-gabon-le-r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rendum-fix%C3%A9-au-16-novembre-prochain">"Journal de l'Afrique - Nouvelle constitution au Gabon, le référendum fixé au 16 novembre"</a>. <i>France 24</i> (in French). 18 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Journal+de+l%27Afrique+-+Nouvelle+constitution+au+Gabon%2C+le+r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rendum+fix%C3%A9+au+16+novembre&rft.date=2024-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2F%25C3%25A9missions%2Fjournal-de-l-afrique%2F20241018-nouvelle-constitution-au-gabon-le-r%25C3%25A9f%25C3%25A9rendum-fix%25C3%25A9-au-16-novembre-prochain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goma-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goma_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goma_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoma2011" class="citation news cs1">Goma, Yves Laurent (26 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416164620/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AF_GABON?SITE=NCWIN&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT">"Gabon opposition leader declares himself president"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem_Journal" title="Winston-Salem Journal">Winston-Salem Journal</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AF_GABON?SITE=NCWIN&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT">the original</a> on 16 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winston-Salem+Journal&rft.atitle=Gabon+opposition+leader+declares+himself+president&rft.date=2011-01-26&rft.aulast=Goma&rft.aufirst=Yves+Laurent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhosted.ap.org%2Fdynamic%2Fstories%2FA%2FAF_GABON%3FSITE%3DNCWIN%26SECTION%3DHOME%26TEMPLATE%3DDEFAULT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWWW.IBPUS.COM2019" class="citation book cs1">WWW.IBPUS.COM (13 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hd-rDwAAQBAJ&q=The+UN+Secretary-General%2C+Ban+Ki-moon%2C+said+that+he+recognized+Ondimba+as+the+only+official+Gabonese+president.&pg=PA48"><i>Gabon: Doing Business, Investing in Gabon Guide Volume 1 Strategic, Practical Information, Regulations, Contacts</i></a>. Lulu.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781514526613" title="Special:BookSources/9781514526613"><bdi>9781514526613</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416160337/https://books.google.com/books?id=hd-rDwAAQBAJ&q=The+UN+Secretary-General%2C+Ban+Ki-moon%2C+said+that+he+recognized+Ondimba+as+the+only+official+Gabonese+president.&pg=PA48">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gabon%3A+Doing+Business%2C+Investing+in+Gabon+Guide+Volume+1+Strategic%2C+Practical+Information%2C+Regulations%2C+Contacts&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft.isbn=9781514526613&rft.au=WWW.IBPUS.COM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhd-rDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DThe%2BUN%2BSecretary-General%252C%2BBan%2BKi-moon%252C%2Bsaid%2Bthat%2Bhe%2Brecognized%2BOndimba%2Bas%2Bthe%2Bonly%2Bofficial%2BGabonese%2Bpresident.%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a self-published source. (February 2020)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20160906-deaths-gabon-presidential-election-violence-ping-bongo">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Between 50 and 100 killed' in Gabon election violence, presidential challenger tells FRANCE 24 – France 24"</a>. <i>France 24</i>. 6 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809184234/http://www.france24.com/en/20160906-deaths-gabon-presidential-election-violence-ping-bongo">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=%27Between+50+and+100+killed%27+in+Gabon+election+violence%2C+presidential+challenger+tells+FRANCE+24+%E2%80%93+France+24&rft.date=2016-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20160906-deaths-gabon-presidential-election-violence-ping-bongo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=MOTION&reference=B8-2017-0526&language=EN">"Motion for a resolution on Gabon, repression of the opposition – B8-0526/2017"</a>. <i>Europarl.europa.eu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809184124/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=MOTION&reference=B8-2017-0526&language=EN">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Gabon+reveal+2017+Nations+Cup+mascot&rft.date=2016-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fsport%2Ffootball%2F35900924&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vidal, J., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/giantoilgasfield0000unse/page/577/mode/1up?view=theater">"Geology of Grondin Field, 1980"</a>, in <i>Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade: 1968–1978</i>, AAPG Memoir 30, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0891813063" title="Special:BookSources/0891813063">0891813063</a>, pp.577–590.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBousso2023" class="citation news cs1">Bousso, Ron (30 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/gabons-assala-energy-says-oil-production-unaffected-by-coup-2023-08-30/">"Gabon's Assala Energy says oil production unaffected by coup"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231204002627/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/gabons-assala-energy-says-oil-production-unaffected-by-coup-2023-08-30/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Gabon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Foutofdate%2Fbgn%2Fgabon%2F40492.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gabon/">"Gabon – The World Factbook"</a>. <i>www.cia.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318205257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/equatorial-guinea">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Gabon%3A+Provinces%2C+Cities+%26+Urban+Places+%E2%80%93+Population+Statistics+in+Maps+and+Charts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2FGabon-Cities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-recensement2013-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-recensement2013_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dgstat.ga/images/DSD/RESULTATS-GLOBAUX-RGPL2013-OK_DECEMBRE-2015.pdf">"Résultats Globaux du Recensement Général de la Population et des Logements de 2013 du Gabon (RGPL-2013)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9sultats+Globaux+du+Recensement+G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+de+la+Population+et+des+Logements+de+2013+du+Gabon+%28RGPL-2013%29&rft.pub=Direction+G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+des+Statistiques+du+Gabon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgstat.ga%2Fimages%2FDSD%2FRESULTATS-GLOBAUX-RGPL2013-OK_DECEMBRE-2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARDA-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ARDA_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200502123818/http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_86_1.asp">"Gabon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a>. 2015. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fifa.com&rft.atitle=Gabon%3A+Gabon+F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration+Gabonaise+de+Football&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fassociations%2Fassociation%3DGAB%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/8488241.stm">"Gabon will host the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations final"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i>. BBC. 29 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214044217/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/8488241.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Gabon+will+host+the+2012+Africa+Cup+of+Nations+final&rft.date=2010-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport1%2Fhi%2Ffootball%2Fafrica%2F8488241.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=5EBYaO1Q3VpcNMG04lbrDA%3d%3d">"Gabon named hosts of AFCON 201"</a>. <i>Cafonline.com</i>. CAF. 8 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170209065745/http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=5EBYaO1Q3VpcNMG04lbrDA%3D%3D">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cafonline.com&rft.atitle=Gabon+named+hosts+of+AFCON+201&rft.date=2015-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cafonline.com%2Fen-US%2FNewsCenter%2FNews%2FNewsDetails%3Fid%3D5EBYaO1Q3VpcNMG04lbrDA%253d%253d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gabonreview.com/blog/afrobasket-2015-les-pantheres-en-mise-au-vert-en-serbie/">Afrobasket 2015 : Les Panthères en mise au vert en Serbie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160618125121/http://gabonreview.com/blog/afrobasket-2015-les-pantheres-en-mise-au-vert-en-serbie/">Archived</a> 18 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>GABON Review</i>, 19 August 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2016. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120815024157/http://sports.yahoo.com/news/history-making-obame-rues-inexperience-233356551--oly.html">"History-making Obame rues inexperience"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sports.yahoo.com/news/history-making-obame-rues-inexperience-233356551--oly.html">the original</a> on 15 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History-making+Obame+rues+inexperience&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsports.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fhistory-making-obame-rues-inexperience-233356551--oly.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlander2014" class="citation web cs1">Olander, Doug (29 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sportfishingmag.com/tarpon-fishing-best-locations/">"World's Best Tarpon Fishing Spots"</a>. <i>sportfishingmag.com</i>. Sport Fishing Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190621011305/https://www.sportfishingmag.com/tarpon-fishing-best-locations/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sportfishingmag.com&rft.atitle=World%27s+Best+Tarpon+Fishing+Spots&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.aulast=Olander&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportfishingmag.com%2Ftarpon-fishing-best-locations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/la-tropicale-amissa-bongo">"La Tropicale Amissa Bongo"</a>. <i>Pro Cycling Stats</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pro+Cycling+Stats&rft.atitle=La+Tropicale+Amissa+Bongo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.procyclingstats.com%2Frace%2Fla-tropicale-amissa-bongo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/gabon/">https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/gabon/</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Bachmann, Olaf. "Gabon: An Uneasy Civil‒Military Concord." <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics</i> (2020).</li> <li>Gardinier, David E. "France and Gabon since 1993: The reshaping of a neo-colonial relationship." <i>Journal of Contemporary African Studies</i> 18.2 (2000): 225–242. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/713675627">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhazvinian2008" class="citation book cs1">Ghazvinian, John (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/untappedscramble00ghaz"><i>Untapped: The Scramble for Africa's Oil</i></a>. Orlando: Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-101138-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-101138-4"><bdi>978-0-15-101138-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Untapped%3A+The+Scramble+for+Africa%27s+Oil&rft.place=Orlando&rft.pub=Harcourt&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-15-101138-4&rft.aulast=Ghazvinian&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funtappedscramble00ghaz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gray, Christopher J. "Cultivating citizenship through xenophobia in Gabon, 1960-1995." <i>Africa today</i> 45.3/4 (1998): 389-409 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4187235">online</a></li> <li>Gray, Christopher. "Who Does Historical Research in Gabon? Obstacles to the Development of a Scholarly Tradition1." <i>History in Africa</i> 21 (1994): 413–433.</li> <li>Jean-Baptiste, Rachel. <i>Multiracial Identities in Colonial French Africa: Race, Childhood, and Citizenship</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2023).</li> <li>Ngolet, François. "Ideological manipulations and political longevity: the power of Omar Bongo in Gabon since 1967." <i>African Studies Review</i> 43.2 (2000): 55–71. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/ideological-manipulations-and-political-longevity-the-power-of-omar-bongo-in-gabon-since-1967/1F2512D996B3D7655772152AF6D40DCE">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich2007" class="citation book cs1">Rich, Jeremy (2007). <i>A Workman Is Worthy of His Meat: Food and Colonialism in the Gabon Estuary</i>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-0741-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-0741-7"><bdi>978-0-8032-0741-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Workman+Is+Worthy+of+His+Meat%3A+Food+and+Colonialism+in+the+Gabon+Estuary&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-0741-7&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaxson2007" class="citation book cs1">Shaxson, Nicholas (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poisonedwellsdir00shax"><i>Poisoned Wells: The Dirty Politics of African Oil</i></a>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-7194-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-7194-4"><bdi>978-1-4039-7194-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poisoned+Wells%3A+The+Dirty+Politics+of+African+Oil&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-7194-4&rft.aulast=Shaxson&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoisonedwellsdir00shax&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarne2003" class="citation book cs1">Warne, Sophie (2003). <i>Bradt Travel Guide: Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipe</i>. Guilford, CT: Chalfont St. Peter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84162-073-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-84162-073-4"><bdi>1-84162-073-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bradt+Travel+Guide%3A+Gabon+and+S%C3%A3o+Tom%C3%A9+and+Pr%C3%ADncipe&rft.place=Guilford%2C+CT&rft.pub=Chalfont+St.+Peter&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-84162-073-4&rft.aulast=Warne&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYates1996" class="citation book cs1">Yates, Douglas A. (1996). <i>The Rentier State in Africa: Oil Rent Dependency and Neo-colonialism in the Republic of Gabon</i>. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86543-520-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-86543-520-0"><bdi>0-86543-520-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rentier+State+in+Africa%3A+Oil+Rent+Dependency+and+Neo-colonialism+in+the+Republic+of+Gabon&rft.place=Trenton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Africa+World+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-86543-520-0&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=Douglas+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li>Yates, Douglas A. <i>Historical dictionary of Gabon</i> (Rowman & Littlefield, 2017) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zbZGDwAAQBAJ&dq=History+GABON&pg=PR7">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230907003444/https://books.google.com/books?id=zbZGDwAAQBAJ&dq=History+GABON&pg=PR7">Archived</a> 7 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Yates, Douglas. "The dynastic republic of Gabon." <i>Cahiers d’études africaines</i> (2019): 483–513. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/pdf/25961">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230704050108/https://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/pdf/25961">Archived</a> 4 July 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Yates, Douglas A. "The History of Gabon." <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History</i> (2020).</li> <li>Yates, Douglas Andrew. <i>The rentier state in Africa: Oil rent dependency and neocolonialism in the Republic of Gabon</i> (Africa World Press, 1996) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uB68SH_cYBIC&dq=History+GABON&pg=PP6">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230907003445/https://books.google.com/books?id=uB68SH_cYBIC&dq=History+GABON&pg=PP6">Archived</a> 7 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 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sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Gabon</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gabon" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Gabon">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gabon" class="extiw" title="c:Gabon">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Gabon" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Gabon">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gabon" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Gabon">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gabon" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Gabon">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gabon" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Gabon">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gabon" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Gabon">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Gabon" class="extiw" title="voy:Gabon">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gouvernement.ga/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gabon/">Gabon</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13376333">Gabon</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Gabon" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Gabon">Wikimedia Atlas of Gabon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=GA">Key Development Forecasts for Gabon</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514044931/http://www.stat-gabon.org/documents/PDF/Donnees%20stat/Compteannuaire/Ann09.pdf">2009 report (PDF)</a> from <a href="/wiki/Direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Direction générale de la statistique et des études économiques">Direction générale de la statistique et des études économiques</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gabon_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gabon_topics" title="Template:Gabon topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gabon_topics" title="Template talk:Gabon topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gabon_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gabon topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gabon_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gabon</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Gabon-related_articles" title="Index of Gabon-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gabon" title="History of Gabon">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Gabon" title="Chronology of Gabon">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gabon" title="Battle of Gabon">Battle of Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Congo" title="French Congo">French Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">French Equatorial Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Orungu" title="Kingdom of Orungu">Kingdom of Orungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="West Africa Campaign (World War II)">West Africa Campaign <span style="font-size:85%;">(World War II)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Gabonese coup d'état">1964 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Gabonese_coup_attempt" title="2019 Gabonese coup attempt">2019 coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Gabonese coup d'état">2023 coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon" title="Coat of arms of Gabon"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gabon" title="Geography of Gabon">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Gabon" title="List of cities in Gabon">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Gabon" title="Departments of Gabon">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Gabon" title="List of ecoregions in Gabon">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Gabon" title="List of national parks of Gabon">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Gabon" title="List of places in Gabon">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Gabon">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Gabon" title="Wildlife of Gabon">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gabon" title="Politics of Gabon">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Gabon" title="Elections in Gabon">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Gabon" title="Foreign relations of Gabon">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Gabon" title="Law enforcement in Gabon">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Gabon" title="Armed Forces of Gabon">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Gabon" title="Parliament of Gabon">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Gabon" title="National Assembly of Gabon">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Gabon" title="Senate of Gabon">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Gabon" title="List of political parties in Gabon">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Gabon" title="President of Gabon">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Gabon" title="Vice President of Gabon">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gabon" title="Prime Minister of Gabon">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gabon" title="Economy of Gabon">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Gabon" title="Energy in Gabon">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Gabon" title="Telecommunications in Gabon">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Gabon" title="Tourism in Gabon">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Gabon" title="Transport in Gabon">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Gabon" title="Category:Society of Gabon">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Gabon" title="Abortion in Gabon">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Gabon" title="Demographics of Gabon">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gabon" title="Education in Gabon">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Gabon" title="Ethnic groups in Gabon">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gabonese_films" title="List of Gabonese films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gabon" title="Flag of Gabon">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Gabon">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Gabon" title="Health in Gabon">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gabon" title="Languages of Gabon">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Gabon">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gabon" title="Music of Gabon">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gabon" title="Religion in Gabon">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Gabon" title="Outline of Gabon">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Gabon-related_articles" title="Index of Gabon-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gabon" title="Category:Gabon">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Africa" 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Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (partly in Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">unclear sovereignty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African territories<br />fully part of<br />non-African states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hissein_Brahim_Taha" title="Hissein Brahim Taha">Hissein Brahim Taha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Pakistan-OIC relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Countries<br />and territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Muslim<br />communities</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">International<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Declarations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declarations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuja_Declaration_(1989)" title="Abuja Declaration (1989)">Abuja Declaration (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Resolution_10/11" title="OIC Resolution 10/11">OIC Resolution 10/11</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Council_of_Foreign_Ministers_Resolution_10/37" title="OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37">OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sessions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Extraordinary" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extraordinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="First Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Second Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Third Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fifth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Sixth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Seventh Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Eighth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Ninth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Arab%E2%80%93Islamic_extraordinary_summit" title="2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit">Arab–Islamic (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP (PPP)">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_per_capita_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP per capita (PPP)">GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_exports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_imports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by imports">Imports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by population">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest cities in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member countries">Largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Education in the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> As the "Turkish Cypriot State".</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_Union" title="Template:African Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_Union" title="Template talk:African Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_Union" title="History of the African Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">Decolonisation of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Group" title="Casablanca Group">Casablanca Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monrovia_Group" title="Monrovia Group">Monrovia Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_and_Malagasy_Union" title="African and Malagasy Union">African and Malagasy Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Abuja Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Lome Summit</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_African_Union" title="Geography of the African Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countries_bordering_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries bordering the African Union">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of the African Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_African_Union" title="Regions of the African Union">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organs_of_the_African_Union" title="Organs of the African Union">Organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Permanent Representatives' Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union" title="Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union">Specialized Technical Committees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Deputy Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex" title="African Union Conference Center and Office Complex">AUCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_African_Union_Commission_Chairperson_election" title="2025 African Union Commission Chairperson election">2025 election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre" title="Gallagher Convention Centre">Gallagher Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">African Court of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">ECOSOCC Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Committee" title="Peace and Security Committee">Peace and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Political Affairs Committee (African Union)">Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_and_Energy_Committee" title="Infrastructure and Energy Committee">Infrastructure and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Affairs_and_Health_Committee" title="Social Affairs and Health Committee">Social Affairs and Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology_Committee" title="Human Resources, Science, and Technology Committee">HR, Sciences and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Trade and Industry Committee (African Union)">Trade and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Economy_and_Agriculture_Committee" title="Rural Economy and Agriculture Committee">Rural Economy and Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Economic Affairs Committee (African Union)">Economic Affairs</a></li> <li>Women and Gender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Cutting_Programs_Committee" title="Cross-Cutting Programs Committee">Cross-Cutting Programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Fund" title="African Monetary Fund">African Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Capacity_for_Immediate_Response_to_Crises" title="African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crises">ACIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_of_the_Wise" title="Panel of the Wise">Panel of the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur" title="United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur">UNAMID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Burundi" title="African Union Mission in Burundi">AMIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">AMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MISCA" title="MISCA">MISCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialised agencies and institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">APRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union" title="Enlargement of the African Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">United States military bases</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_ambassadors_to_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States ambassadors to the African Union">United States ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="African Union–Ethiopia relations">African Union–Ethiopia relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the African Union">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together" title="Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_African_Union" title="Emblem of the African Union">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_Union" title="Flag of the African Union">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Passport" title="African Union Passport">Passport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_African_Union" title="Economy of the African Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa" title="List of central banks of Africa">Currencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold_standard#Advocates" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">NEPAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_African_Air_Transport_Market" title="Single African Air Transport Market">Single African Air Transport Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Day" title="Africa Day">Africa Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Border_Day" title="African Border Day">African Border Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">United States of Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:African_Union" title="Category:African Union">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:La_Francophonie" title="Template:La Francophonie"><abbr title="View this 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">National/regional members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Community_of_Belgium" title="French Community of Belgium">French Community of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Suspended members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_parlementaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie">Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_de_Coop%C3%A9ration_Culturelle_et_Technique" title="Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique">Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_universitaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Agence universitaire de la Francophonie">Agence universitaire de la Francophonie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_French_Language_Day" title="UN French Language Day">UN French Language Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Francophonie_Day" title="International Francophonie Day">International Francophonie Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeux_de_la_Francophonie" title="Jeux de la Francophonie">Jeux de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_des_cinq_continents_de_la_francophonie" title="Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie">Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_des_francophones_fonctionnaires_des_organisations_internationales" title="Assemblée des francophones fonctionnaires des organisations internationales">AFFOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_La_Francophonie" title="LGBT rights in La Francophonie">LGBT rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francophone_economy" title="Francophone economy">Francophone economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senghor_University" title="Senghor University">Senghor University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Category:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Commonwealth" title="Template talk:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a><br />(members)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries">Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121956165">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159367021">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205420/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjCDY4B8QGpCkGybTKqVJC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4019052-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79063286">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119341957">France</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238603f">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864195p">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119341957">BnF data</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238603f">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864195p">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562094">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gabon"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134269&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451012">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564352805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/d14441fe-3bce-34b5-aed5-dfbe987329c9">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/235c9655-6964-4d29-9fc0-4e4dde91e73d">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/l5jcsl2P">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026384124">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003441">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035698">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/gabon">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gabon&params=1_S_12_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°S</span> <span class="longitude">12°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1°S 12°E</span><span 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