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class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-发现与命名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发现与命名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 发现与命名 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-发现与命名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-轨道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#轨道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 轨道 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-轨道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-物理特性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理特性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 物理特性 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-物理特性-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关物理特性子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-物理特性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-构成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#构成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 构成 </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 外部链接 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">木卫三</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。102种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" > 102种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganumedes_(maan)" title="Ganumedes (maan) – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ganumedes (maan)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymed_(Mond)" title="Ganymed (Mond) – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ganymed (Mond)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimedes_(satelite)" title="Ganimedes (satelite) – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ganimedes (satelite)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="غانيميد – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غانيميد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="ڭانيميد – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ڭانيميد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimedes_(lluna)" title="Ganimedes (lluna) – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ganimedes (lluna)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanimed_(peyk)" title="Qanimed (peyk) – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qanimed (peyk)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF_(%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1)" title="قانمید (قمر) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قانمید (قمر)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)" title="Ганимед (юлдаш) – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ганимед (юлдаш)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA)" title="Ганімед (спадарожнік) – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ганімед (спадарожнік)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA)" title="Ганімэд (спадарожнік) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ганімэд (спадарожнік)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Ганимед (спътник) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ганимед (спътник)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9)" title="গ্যানিমিড (প্রাকৃতিক উপগ্রহ) – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্যানিমিড (প্রাকৃতিক উপগ্রহ)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(loarenn)" title="Ganymede (loarenn) – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ganymede (loarenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimed_(satelit)" title="Ganimed (satelit) – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ganimed (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimedes_(sat%C3%A8l%C2%B7lit)" title="Ganimedes (satèl·lit) – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ganimedes (satèl·lit)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(%C3%B4i-s%C4%ADng)" title="Ganymede (ôi-sĭng) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ganymede (ôi-sĭng)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="جانیمید – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جانیمید" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimede" title="Ganimede – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ganimede" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymedes_(m%C4%9Bs%C3%ADc)" title="Ganymedes (měsíc) – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ganymedes (měsíc)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88)" title="Ганимед (çулташ) – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ганимед (çулташ)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymedes_(m%C3%A5ne)" title="Ganymedes (måne) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ganymedes (måne)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymed_(Mond)" title="Ganymed (Mond) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ganymed (Mond)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AE%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82_(%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%85%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Γανυμήδης (δορυφόρος) – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γανυμήδης (δορυφόρος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)" title="Ganymede (moon) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ganymede (moon)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimedo_(luno)" title="Ganimedo (luno) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ganimedo (luno)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan%C3%ADmedes_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Ganímedes (satélite) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ganímedes (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymedes_(kuu)" title="Ganymedes (kuu) – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ganymedes (kuu)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimedes_(satelitea)" title="Ganimedes (satelitea) – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ganimedes (satelitea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%AF" title="گانیمد – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گانیمد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymedes" title="Ganymedes – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ganymedes" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganym%C3%A8de_(lune)" title="Ganymède (lune) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ganymède (lune)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganim%C3%A8des_(lena)" title="Ganimèdes (lena) – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ganimèdes (lena)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(gealach)" title="Ganymede (gealach) – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ganymede (gealach)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimedes_(l%C3%BAa)" title="Ganimedes (lúa) – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ganimedes (lúa)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(eayst)" title="Ganymede (eayst) – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ganymede (eayst)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%93" title="גנימד – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גנימד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1_(%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="गैनिमीड (उपग्रह) – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गैनिमीड (उपग्रह)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimed_(mjesec)" title="Ganimed (mjesec) – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ganimed (mjesec)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymedes" title="Ganymedes – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ganymedes" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%A4_(%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF)" title="Գանիմեդ (արբանյակ) – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գանիմեդ (արբանյակ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimede_(satelit)" title="Ganimede (satelit) – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ganimede (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimede" title="Ganimede – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ganimede" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan%C3%BDmedes_(tungl)" title="Ganýmedes (tungl) – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ganýmedes (tungl)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimede_(astronomia)" title="Ganimede (astronomia) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ganimede (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="ガニメデ (衛星) – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガニメデ (衛星)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ganymid." title=".ganymid. – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title=".ganymid." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94_(%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98)" title="განიმედე (თანამგზავრი) – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="განიმედე (თანამგზავრი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA)" title="Ганимед (серік) – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ганимед (серік)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A_(%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91)" title="ហ្គានីមេដ (ព្រះច័ន្ទ) – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហ្គានីមេដ (ព្រះច័ន្ទ)" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EB%A9%94%EB%8D%B0_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="가니메데 (위성) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가니메데 (위성)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede" title="Ganymede – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ganymede" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%82%D3%A7%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C)" title="Ганимед (тӧлысь) – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ганимед (тӧлысь)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymedes_(satelles)" title="Ganymedes (satelles) – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ganymedes (satelles)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymed_(Mound)" title="Ganymed (Mound) – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ganymed (Mound)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimede_(corp_celest)" title="Ganimede (corp celest) – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ganimede (corp celest)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimedas_(palydovas)" title="Ganimedas (palydovas) – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ganimedas (palydovas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganim%C4%93ds_(pavadonis)" title="Ganimēds (pavadonis) – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ganimēds (pavadonis)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Ганимед (месечина) – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ганимед (месечина)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗാനിമേഡ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗാനിമേഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1_(%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="गॅनिमीड (उपग्रह) – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गॅनिमीड (उपग्रह)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(bulan)" title="Ganymede (bulan) – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ganymede (bulan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan%C3%ADmedes_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Ganímedes (satélite) – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ganímedes (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9C)" title="ဂျန်နမိတ် (ဂြိုဟ်ရံလ) – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျန်နမိတ် (ဂြိုဟ်ရံလ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymed_(Maand)" title="Ganymed (Maand) – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ganymed (Maand)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymedes_(maan)" title="Ganymedes (maan) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ganymedes (maan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiterm%C3%A5nen_Ganymedes" title="Jupitermånen Ganymedes – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jupitermånen Ganymedes" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymedes_(m%C3%A5ne)" title="Ganymedes (måne) – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ganymedes (måne)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganim%C3%A8des_(luna)" title="Ganimèdes (luna) – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ganimèdes (luna)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimedes_(ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc)" title="Ganimedes (księżyc) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ganimedes (księżyc)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="گانیمید – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گانیمید" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%89" title="ګانميډ – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګانميډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan%C3%ADmedes_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Ganímedes (satélite) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ganímedes (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(satelit)" title="Ganymede (satelit) – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ganymede (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Ганимед (спутник) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ганимед (спутник)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimedi_(sat%C3%A8lliti)" title="Ganimedi (satèlliti) – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ganimedi (satèlliti)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A6%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%8A_(%DA%86%D9%86%DA%8A)" title="گئنيميڊ (چنڊ) – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گئنيميڊ (چنڊ)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimed_(mjesec)" title="Ganimed (mjesec) – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ganimed (mjesec)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A_(%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F)" title="ගැනිමීඩ් (චන්ද්‍රයා) – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගැනිමීඩ් (චන්ද්‍රයා)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)" title="Ganymede (moon) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ganymede (moon)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(mesiac)" title="Ganymede (mesiac) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ganymede (mesiac)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimed_(luna)" title="Ganimed (luna) – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ganimed (luna)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimedi_(h%C3%ABn%C3%AB)" title="Ganimedi (hënë) – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ganimedi (hënë)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82)" title="Ганимед (сателит) – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ганимед (сателит)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymedes_(m%C3%A5ne)" title="Ganymedes (måne) – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ganymedes (måne)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimedi_(mwezi)" title="Ganimedi (mwezi) – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ganimedi (mwezi)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கனிமீடு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனிமீடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84)" title="Ганимед (радиф) – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ганимед (радиф)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3)" title="แกนีมีด (ดาวบริวาร) – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แกนีมีด (ดาวบริวาร)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(buwan)" title="Ganymede (buwan) – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ganymede (buwan)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(uydu)" title="Ganymede (uydu) – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ganymede (uydu)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Ганимед (иярчен) – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ганимед (иярчен)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Ганімед (супутник) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ганімед (супутник)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF_(%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="گانیمید (چاند) – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گانیمید (چاند)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimede_(astronomia)" title="Ganimede (astronomia) – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ganimede (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(v%E1%BB%87_tinh)" title="Ganymede (vệ tinh) – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ganymede (vệ tinh)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(bulan)" title="Ganymede (bulan) – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ganymede (bulan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="木卫三 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="木卫三" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymedes" title="Ganymedes – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Ganymedes" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%89" title="木衛三 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="木衛三" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(o%C4%93-chhe%E2%81%BF)" title="Ganymede (oē-chheⁿ) – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ganymede (oē-chheⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9E%E4%B8%89" title="木衞三 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="木衞三" 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目可能包含<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究">原创研究</a>。 (2017年4月12日) 请协助補充参考资料、添加<a href="/wiki/Template:Original_research_inline" title="Template:Original research inline">相关内联标签</a>和删除原创研究内容以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。详细情况请参见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="Talk:木卫三">讨论页</a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-d2783108" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Astronomy"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Physics"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Aero"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">木衛三（Ganymede）「蓋尼米德」</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganymede_-_Perijove_34_Composite.png" class="mw-file-description" title="True-color image taken by the Galileo probe"><img alt="True-color image taken by the Galileo probe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ganymede_-_Perijove_34_Composite.png/260px-Ganymede_-_Perijove_34_Composite.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ganymede_-_Perijove_34_Composite.png/390px-Ganymede_-_Perijove_34_Composite.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ganymede_-_Perijove_34_Composite.png/520px-Ganymede_-_Perijove_34_Composite.png 2x" data-file-width="3445" data-file-height="3445" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E8%AB%BE%E7%9B%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="朱諾相機">朱諾相機</a>於2021年6月7日拍摄的真實色彩影像，顯示木衛三表面有許多水冰所形成的亮區。</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#a0ffa0;">发现</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">發現者</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%C2%B7%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E8%8E%B1" title="伽利略·伽利莱">伽利略</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">發現日期</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1610年1月7日</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%8F%83%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="軌道參數">軌道參數</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%B1%E9%BB%9E" title="拱點">近心點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,069,200 km （0.007147 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="天文單位">AU</a>）<a href="#endnote_Bnone">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%B1%E9%BB%9E" title="拱點">遠心點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,071,600 km （0.007163 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="天文單位">AU</a>）<a href="#endnote_Anone">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%95%B7%E8%BB%B8" title="半長軸">半長軸</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,070,400 km （0.007155 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="天文單位">AU</a>）<a href="#cite_note-orbit-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E9%9B%A2%E5%BF%83%E7%8E%87" title="軌道離心率">離心率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.0013<a href="#cite_note-orbit-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="轨道周期">軌道週期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7.15455296<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9" title="天">天</a> （0.019588<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年">年</a>）<a href="#cite_note-orbit-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">平均<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="轨道速度">軌道速度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">10.880 km/s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%82%BE%E8%A7%92" title="軌道傾角">軌道傾角</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2.21°（<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%81%93" title="黄道">黃道</a>夾角） 0.20°（木星赤道夾角）<a href="#cite_note-orbit-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="天然衛星">隸屬天体</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星">木星</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#a0ffa0;">物理特徵</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">平均半徑</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2634.1±0.3 km （地球的0.413倍）<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E7%90%83%E9%9D%A2#面積" title="類球面">表面積</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">8700万km2 （地球的0.171 倍）<a href="#endnote_Cnone">[c]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E7%A9%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="體積">體積</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7.6 × 1010 km3 （地球的0.0704 倍）<a href="#endnote_Dnone">[d]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="質量">質量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.4819 × 1023 kg （地球的0.025 倍）<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">平均<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.936 g/cm3<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81" title="基本小行星物理特征">表面重力</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.428 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="加速度">m/s2</a> （0.146倍<a href="/wiki/G%E5%8A%9B" title="G力">G力</a>）<a href="#endnote_Enone">[e]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%83%E9%80%B8%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="逃逸速度">逃逸速度</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2.741 km/s<a href="#endnote_Fnone">[f]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="自轉週期">自轉週期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="同步自轉">同步自转</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E8%BB%B8%E5%82%BE%E8%A7%92" title="轉軸傾角">轉軸傾角</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0–0.33°<a href="#cite_note-Bills2005-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%8E%87" title="反照率">反照率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.43±0.02<a href="#cite_note-jplfact-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><table style="border-spacing: 0px; width:100%; border:none; background-color:#f9f9f9; margin:0; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em; white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr> <th style="width:33%; padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">表面<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="溫度">溫度</a></th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">最低</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">平均</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">最高</th> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a></th> <td>70<a href="#cite_note-Delitsky1998-6">[6]</a></td> <td>110<a href="#cite_note-Delitsky1998-6">[6]</a></td> <td>152<a href="#cite_note-Orton1996-7">[7]</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="視星等">視星等</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4.61（<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2_(%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE)" class="mw-redirect" title="冲 (天体位置)">冲</a>）<a href="#cite_note-jplfact-4">[4]</a> 4.38（1951年）<a href="#cite_note-horizons-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#a0ffa0;">大氣特徵</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">表面<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="氣壓">氣壓</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">极小</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="大气化学">成分</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="氧气">氧气</a><a href="#cite_note-Hall1998-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> 木卫三又稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%80%AA%E5%A2%A8%E5%BE%97%E6%96%AF" title="伽倪墨得斯">蓋尼米德</a>」<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>（Ganymede，<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84750655">.mw-parser-output span[lang="grc"],.mw-parser-output .Polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek","New Athena Unicode","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre","Noto Sans","Noto Serif","Cardo","Gentium Plus","Gentium Book Plus","Garamond","Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Code2000",sans-serif}</style>Γανυμήδης），是围绕<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星">木星</a>运转的一颗<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="卫星">卫星</a><a href="#cite_note-Planetary_Society-10">[10]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%BD%AC" title="公转">公转</a>周期约为7天。按距离木星从近到远排序，木卫三在木星的所有卫星中排第七，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="伽利略衛星">伽利略卫星</a>中排第三。它与<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="木卫二">木卫二</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="木卫一">木卫一</a>保持着1:2:4的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF" title="轨道共振">轨道共振</a>关系。木卫三是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="太阳系">太阳系</a>中最大的卫星，其<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%BE%84" title="直径">直径</a>甚至大于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F" title="水星">水星</a>，而<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="质量">质量</a>约只为水星的一半。<a href="#cite_note-nineplanets.org-Ganymede-11">[11]</a> 木卫三主要由<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="矽酸鹽">硅酸盐</a>岩石和冰体构成，星体分层明显，拥有一个富铁的、流动性的内核。人们推测在木卫三表面之下200公里处存在一个被夹在两层冰体之间的咸水海洋。<a href="#cite_note-JPLDec-12">[12]</a>木卫三表面存在两种主要地形。其中较暗的地区约占星体总面积的三分之一，其间密布着<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%9E%E5%87%BB%E5%9D%91" title="撞击坑">撞击坑</a>，地质年龄估计有40亿年之久；其余地区较为明亮，纵横交错着大量的槽沟和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%8A" title="山脊">山脊</a>，其地质年龄较前者稍小。明亮地区的破碎地质构造的产生原因至今仍是一个谜，有可能是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90%E5%8A%A0%E7%86%B1" title="潮汐加熱">潮汐热</a>所导致的构造活动造成的。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a> 木卫三是太阳系中已知的唯一一颗拥有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="磁圈">磁圈</a>的卫星，其磁圈可能是由富铁的流动内核的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81" title="對流">对流</a>运动所产生的。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a>其中的少量磁圈与木星的更为庞大的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%A0%B4" title="磁場">磁场</a>相交迭，从而产生了向外扩散的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B4%E7%B7%9A" title="場線">场线</a>。木卫三拥有一层稀薄的含氧<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="大气层">大气层</a>，其中含有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">原子氧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="氧气">氧气</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7" title="臭氧">臭氧</a><a href="#cite_note-Hall1998-8">[8]</a>，同时<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">原子氢</a>也是大气的构成成分之一。而木卫三上是否拥有<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E5%B1%82" title="电离层">电离层</a>还尚未确定。<a href="#cite_note-Eviatar2001-14">[14]</a> 一般认为木卫三是由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%C2%B7%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E8%8E%B1" title="伽利略·伽利莱">伽利略·伽利莱</a>在1610年首次观测到的。<a href="#cite_note-Sidereus_Nuncius-15">[15]</a>后来<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="天文学家">天文学家</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%96%80%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF" title="西門·馬里烏斯">西门·马里乌斯</a>建议以<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="希腊神话">希腊神话</a>中神的斟酒者、宙斯的爱人<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%80%AA%E5%A2%A8%E5%BE%97%E6%96%AF" title="伽倪墨得斯">蓋尼米德</a>为之命名。<a href="#cite_note-Naming-16">[16]</a>从<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%A9%B1%E8%80%8510%E5%8F%B7" title="先驱者10号">先驱者10号</a>开始，多艘太空船曾近距离掠过木卫三。<a href="#cite_note-Pioneer_11-17">[17]</a>旅行者号太空船曾经精确地测量了该卫星的大小，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略号">伽利略号</a>探测器则发现了它的地下海洋和磁场。此外，一个被称为“<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%8D%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99" class="mw-redirect" title="木衛二－木星系統任務">木衛二－木星系統任務</a>”的全新的探测木星的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="冰卫星">冰卫星</a>的计划，原定于2020年前后发射，但最终未能实施，该任务被即将于2023年发射的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%88%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="木星冰月探测器">木星冰月探测器</a>取代。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="发现与命名">发现与命名</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：发现与命名">编辑</a>]</div> 1610年1月11日，伽利略·伽利莱观测到三颗靠近木星的星体；第二天晚上，他注意到这三颗星体发生了位移。接着，他又发现了第四颗星体，即后来的木卫三。至1月15日晚，伽利略确定这些星体是围绕木星运行的。<a href="#cite_note-Discovery-18">[18]</a>他声称有权为这些卫星命名，并曾考虑过“科斯米安卫星”（Cosmian Stars）的名字，但最终将之命名为“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="伽利略衛星">美第奇卫星</a>”(Medicean Stars)。<a href="#cite_note-Naming-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="天文学家">天文学家</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF-%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E7%91%9E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼古拉斯-克劳迪·法布里·德·佩瑞斯特（页面不存在）">尼古拉斯-克劳迪·法布里·德·佩瑞斯特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas-Claude_Fabri_de_Peiresc" class="extiw" title="en:Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc">Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc</a>）建议为美第奇卫星家族的各颗卫星分别命名，但是其建议未被采纳。<a href="#cite_note-Naming-16">[16]</a> 原本宣称其最初发现伽利略卫星的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%96%80%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF" title="西門·馬里烏斯">西门·马里乌斯</a>曾试图将这几颗卫星命名为“朱庇特的萨图尔努斯”（Saturn of Jupiter）、“朱庇特的朱庇特”（Jupiter of Jupiter，即指木卫三）、“朱庇特的维纳斯”（Venus of Jupiter）和“朱庇特的墨丘利”（Mercury of Jupiter），但也从未被采用。后来在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%80%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92" title="约翰内斯·开普勒">约翰内斯·开普勒</a>的建议下，马里乌斯又提出了一种命名法：<a href="#cite_note-Naming-16">[16]</a> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">……伽倪墨得斯，特洛斯国王的英俊儿子，被化身为鹰的朱庇特掳走，才华横溢的诗人……其光辉是其中第三辉煌的，伽倪墨得斯……<a href="#cite_note-Discovery-18">[18]</a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> 这种命名法在相当长的时期内并没有被普遍接受，直至20世纪中期才得到普遍使用。在早期的天文学<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE" title="文献">文献</a>中，该卫星均以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="罗马数字">罗马数字</a>作为指代（该体系由伽利略提出），即被称为木卫三（Jupiter III ）或“朱庇特的第三颗卫星”（third satellite of Jupiter）。后来随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星">土星</a>的卫星群的发现，基于开普勒和马里乌斯建议的命名系统开始被用于指称木星的卫星。<a href="#cite_note-Naming-16">[16]</a>木卫三是伽利略卫星中唯一一颗以<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7" title="男性">男性</a>人物名字命名的。 另外，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="科学史学家">科学史学家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="天文学家">天文学家</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%AD%E6%B3%BD%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="席泽宗">席泽宗</a>认为，这颗卫星早在前364年就由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%91%A8" title="东周">东周</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="战国时代">战国时代</a>的天文学家<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%BE%B7_(%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="甘德 (天文学家)">甘德</a>发现，比伽利略和马里乌斯早了两千多年。<a href="#cite_note-Gan_De-19">[19]</a>不过这种说法没有得到国际普遍的认可。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="轨道">轨道</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：轨道">编辑</a>]</div> 木卫三的轨道距离木星107万400公里，是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略卫星">伽利略卫星</a>中距离木星第三近的，<a href="#cite_note-Planetary_Society-10">[10]</a>其<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="轨道周期">公转周期</a>为7天3小时。和大部分已知的木星卫星一样，木卫三也为木星所<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90%E9%8E%96%E5%AE%9A" title="潮汐鎖定">锁定</a>，永远都以同一面面向木星。<a href="#cite_note-The_Grand_Tour-20">[20]</a>它的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E9%9B%A2%E5%BF%83%E7%8E%87" title="軌道離心率">轨道离心率</a>很小，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%82%BE%E8%A7%92" title="軌道傾角">轨道倾角</a>也很小，接近于木星赤道，同时在数百年的周期里，轨道的离心率和倾角还会以<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="周期函数">周期函数</a>的形式受到太阳和木星引力<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E5%8B%95" title="攝動">摄动</a>的影响。变化范围分别为0.0009-0.0022和0.05-0.32°。<a href="#cite_note-Musotto2002-21">[21]</a>这种轨道的变化使得其<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E8%BB%B8%E5%82%BE%E8%A7%92" title="轉軸傾角">转轴倾角</a>在0-0.33°之间变化。<a href="#cite_note-Bills2005-3">[3]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galilean_moon_Laplace_resonance_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Galilean_moon_Laplace_resonance_animation.gif/250px-Galilean_moon_Laplace_resonance_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Galilean_moon_Laplace_resonance_animation.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption>木卫一、木卫二和木卫三三者之间的拉普拉斯共振状态</figcaption></figure> 木卫三和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="木卫二">木卫二</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="木卫一">木卫一</a>保持着<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF" title="轨道共振">轨道共振</a>关系：即木卫三每公转一周，木卫二即公转两周、木卫一公转四周。<a href="#cite_note-Musotto2002-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPACE.com-22">[22]</a>当木卫二位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%B1%E9%BB%9E" title="拱點">近拱点</a>、木卫一位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%B1%E9%BB%9E" title="拱點">远拱点</a>时，两者之间会出现<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88_(%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE)" title="合 (天體位置)">上合</a>现象；而当木卫二位于近拱点时，它和木卫三之间也会出现上合现象。<a href="#cite_note-Musotto2002-21">[21]</a>木卫一-木卫二和木卫二-木卫三的上合位置会以相同速率移动，遂三者之间没有可能出现<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%90%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三星合（页面不存在）">三星合</a>现象。这种复杂的轨道共振被称为<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF" title="轨道共振">拉普拉斯共振</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1997a-23">[23]</a> 现今的拉普拉斯共振并无法将木卫三的轨道离心率提升到一个更高的值。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1997a-23">[23]</a> 0.0013的离心率值可能是早期残留下来的——当时轨道离心率的提升是有可能的。<a href="#cite_note-SPACE.com-22">[22]</a>但是木卫三的轨道离心率仍然让人困惑：如果在现阶段其离心率值无法提升，则必然得表明在其内部的潮汐耗散作用下，它的离心率值正在逐渐损耗。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1997a-23">[23]</a>这意味着离心率值的最后一次损耗就发生在数亿年之前。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1997a-23">[23]</a>由于现今木卫三轨道的离心率相对较低——平均只有0.0015，所以现今木卫三的潮汐热也应该相应的十分微弱。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1997a-23">[23]</a>但是在过去，木卫三可能已经经历过了一种或多种类拉普拉斯共振<a href="#endnote_Inone">[i]</a> ，从而使得其轨道离心率能达到0.01-0.02的高值。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Showman1997a-23">[23]</a>这可能在木卫三内部引起了显著的潮汐热效应；而这种多阶段的内部加热最终造成了现今木卫三表面的槽沟地形。 人们还无法确切知晓木卫一、木卫二和木卫三之间的拉普拉斯共振是如何形成的。现今存在两种<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="假说">假说</a>：一种认为这种状态在太阳系形成之初即已存在；<a href="#cite_note-Peale2002-24">[24]</a>另一种认为这种状态是在太阳系形成之后才发展出来的。一种可能的形成过程如下：首先是由于木星的潮汐效应，致使木卫一的轨道向外推移，直至某一点与木卫二发生2:1的轨道共振；之后其轨道继续向外推移，同时将部分的旋转力矩转移给木卫二，从而也引起了后者的轨道向外推移；这个过程持续进行，直到木卫二到达某一点，与木卫三形成2:1的轨道共振。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1997a-23">[23]</a>最终三者之间的两对上合现象的位置移动速率保持一致，形成拉普拉斯共振。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1997a-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="物理特性">物理特性</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：物理特性">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganymede_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ganymede_diagram.svg/280px-Ganymede_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ganymede_diagram.svg/420px-Ganymede_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ganymede_diagram.svg/560px-Ganymede_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>木卫三内部构造說明</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA00519_Interior_of_Ganymede.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PIA00519_Interior_of_Ganymede.jpg/250px-PIA00519_Interior_of_Ganymede.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PIA00519_Interior_of_Ganymede.jpg/375px-PIA00519_Interior_of_Ganymede.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PIA00519_Interior_of_Ganymede.jpg/500px-PIA00519_Interior_of_Ganymede.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>木卫三内部结构</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="构成">构成</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：构成">编辑</a>]</div> 木卫三的平均<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>为1.936<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E5%8E%98%E7%B1%B3" title="立方厘米">cm3</a>，表明它是由近乎等量的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石">岩石</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>构成的，后者主要以<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0" title="冰">冰</a>体形式存在。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a>冰体的质量占卫星总质量的46-50%，比之木卫四稍低。<a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005-25">[25]</a>此外可能还存在某些不稳定的冰体，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a>的冰体。<a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spohn2003-26">[26]</a>木卫三岩石的确切构成还不为人知，但是很可能接近于<a href="/wiki/L%E7%90%83%E7%B2%92%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="L球粒隕石">L型</a>或<a href="/wiki/LL%E7%90%83%E7%B2%92%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="LL球粒隕石">LL型</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E7%90%83%E7%B2%92%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="普通球粒隕石">普通球粒陨石</a>，这两类陨石较之<a href="/wiki/H%E7%90%83%E7%B2%92%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="H球粒隕石">H球粒陨石</a>，所含的<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">全铁</a>和金属铁较少，而<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="铁氧化物">铁氧化物</a>较多。在木卫三上，以质量计，<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">硅</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a>比为1.05-1.27，而在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="太阳">太阳</a>中，则为1.8。<a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005-25">[25]</a> 木卫三表面的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%8E%87" title="反照率">反照率</a>约为0.43。<a href="#cite_note-Calvin1995-27">[27]</a>冰体水广泛存在于其表面，比重达到50-90%，<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a>高出整体比重许多。利用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="近红外光谱学（页面不存在）">近红外光谱学</a>，科学家们在1.04、1.25、1.5、2.0和3.0微米<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E9%95%BF" title="波长">波长</a>段发现了强烈的冰体水的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6%E5%B8%B6" title="吸收帶">吸附带</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Calvin1995-27">[27]</a>明亮地带的槽沟构造可能含有较多的冰体，故显得较为明亮。<a href="#cite_note-RESA-28">[28]</a>除了水外，对<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略号">伽利略号</a>和地基观测站拍摄的高分辨率<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF" title="红外线">近红外</a>光谱和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF" title="紫外线">紫外线</a>光谱结果的分析也显示了其他物质的存在，包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%AB" title="二氧化硫">二氧化硫</a>，也可能还包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B0" title="氰">氰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%A2%E7%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="硫酸氢盐">硫酸氢盐</a>和多种<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机化合物">有机化合物</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-McCord1998-29">[29]</a>此外伽利略号还在木卫三表面发现了<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%95%81" title="硫酸镁">硫酸镁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0" title="硫酸钠">硫酸钠</a>等物质。<a href="#cite_note-The_Grand_Tour-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-McCord2001-30">[30]</a>这些<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="盐 (化学)">盐类</a>物质可能来自于地表之下的海洋。<a href="#cite_note-McCord2001-30">[30]</a> 木卫三的表面是不对称的：其同轨道方向的一面要亮于逆轨道方向的一面。<a href="#cite_note-Calvin1995-27">[27]</a>这种状况类似于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="木卫二">木卫二</a>，而和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫四">木卫四</a>的状况正好相反。<a href="#cite_note-Calvin1995-27">[27]</a>此外，木卫三同轨道方向一面似乎富含二氧化硫。<a href="#cite_note-Domingue1996-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Domingue1998-32">[32]</a> 而二氧化碳在两个半球的分布则相对均匀，尽管在极地地区并未观测到它的存在。<a href="#cite_note-McCord1998-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hibbitts2003-33">[33]</a>木卫三上的<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%9E%E5%87%BB%E5%9D%91" title="撞击坑">撞击坑</a>（除了一个之外）并不富含二氧化碳，这点也与木卫四不同。木卫三的二氧化碳可能在过去的一段时期已经被消耗殆尽了的说法不确切。<a href="#cite_note-Hibbitts2003-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="内部结构">内部结构</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：内部结构">编辑</a>]</div> 木卫三的地层结构已经充分分化，它含有一个由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%81" title="硫化亚铁">硫化亚铁</a>和铁构成的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8" title="内核">内核</a>、由<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="矽酸鹽">硅酸盐</a>构成的内层<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%87%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="地函">地函</a>和由冰体构成的外层地函。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sohl2002-34">[34]</a>这种结构得到了由伽利略号在数次飞掠中所测定的木卫三本身较低的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E9%87%8F%E7%BA%B2%E8%BD%AC%E5%8A%A8%E6%83%AF%E9%87%8F" title="无量纲转动惯量">无量纲转动惯量</a><a href="#endnote_Gnone">[g]</a>——数值为0.3105± 0.0028——的支持。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sohl2002-34">[34]</a> 事实上，木卫三是太阳系中转动惯量最小的固态天体。伽利略号探测到的木卫三本身固有的磁场则与其富铁的、流动的内核有关。拥有高<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="電導率">电导率</a>的液态铁的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81" title="對流">对流</a>是产生磁场的最合理模式。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganymede_terrain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ganymede_terrain.jpg/250px-Ganymede_terrain.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ganymede_terrain.jpg/375px-Ganymede_terrain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ganymede_terrain.jpg/500px-Ganymede_terrain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption>较暗的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E6%A3%AE%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼克尔森区（页面不存在）">尼克尔森区</a>和较亮的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%B8%95%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E6%A7%BD%E6%B2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈帕吉亚槽沟（页面不存在）">哈帕吉亚槽沟</a>之间可谓泾渭分明。</figcaption></figure> 木卫三内部不同层次的厚度取决于硅酸盐的构成成分（其中部分为<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%9F%B3" title="橄榄石">橄榄石</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%89%E7%9F%B3" title="辉石">辉石</a>）以及内核中<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>元素的数量。<a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sohl2002-34">[34]</a>最可能的情况是其内核半径达到700-900公里，外层冰质地涵厚度达800-1000公里，其余部分则为硅酸盐质地涵。<a href="#cite_note-Sohl2002-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hauk2006-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005b-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Freeman2006-37">[37]</a>内核的密度达到了5.5–6<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E5%8E%98%E7%B1%B3" title="立方厘米">cm3</a>，硅酸盐质地涵的密度为3.4–3.6<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E5%8E%98%E7%B1%B3" title="立方厘米">cm3</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sohl2002-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hauk2006-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005b-36">[36]</a>与地球内核结构类似，某些产生磁场的模型要求在铁-硫化亚铁液态内核之中还存在着一个纯铁构成的固态内核。若是这种类型的内核，则其半径最大可能为500公里。<a href="#cite_note-Hauk2006-35">[35]</a> 木卫三内核的温度可能高达1500-1700K，压力高达100千<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4" title="巴">巴</a>（100亿<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="帕斯卡">帕</a>）。<a href="#cite_note-Sohl2002-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hauk2006-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="表面特征">表面特征</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：表面特征">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tros_Crater,_Ganymede_-_PJ34-1_-_Detail_-_Map_Projected.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Tros_Crater%2C_Ganymede_-_PJ34-1_-_Detail_-_Map_Projected.png/200px-Tros_Crater%2C_Ganymede_-_PJ34-1_-_Detail_-_Map_Projected.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Tros_Crater%2C_Ganymede_-_PJ34-1_-_Detail_-_Map_Projected.png/300px-Tros_Crater%2C_Ganymede_-_PJ34-1_-_Detail_-_Map_Projected.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Tros_Crater%2C_Ganymede_-_PJ34-1_-_Detail_-_Map_Projected.png/400px-Tros_Crater%2C_Ganymede_-_PJ34-1_-_Detail_-_Map_Projected.png 2x" data-file-width="1175" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E5%9D%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特洛斯撞擊坑（页面不存在）">特洛斯撞擊坑</a>一帶有大量水冰存在，形成白色的地表外觀。</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA00081_Ganymede_Voyager_2_mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/PIA00081_Ganymede_Voyager_2_mosaic.jpg/250px-PIA00081_Ganymede_Voyager_2_mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/PIA00081_Ganymede_Voyager_2_mosaic.jpg/375px-PIA00081_Ganymede_Voyager_2_mosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/PIA00081_Ganymede_Voyager_2_mosaic.jpg/500px-PIA00081_Ganymede_Voyager_2_mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1860" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%852%E5%8F%B7" title="旅行者2号">旅行者2号</a>拍摄的木卫三背向木星一面的照片拼接图。较为古老的暗区——<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%80" title="伽利略區">伽利略区</a>位于右上方。它和另外一个较小的暗区——<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马里乌斯区（页面不存在）">马里乌斯区</a>之间隔着较为明亮也较为年轻的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E9%AD%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%BA%9D" title="烏魯克溝">乌鲁克沟</a>带。从相对较为年轻的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E9%99%A8%E7%9F%B3%E5%9D%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥里西斯陨石坑（页面不存在）">奥里西斯陨石坑</a>中喷出的冰体形成了图像底部明亮的辐射带。</figcaption></figure> 木卫三的表面主要存在两种类型的地形：一种是非常古老的、密布撞击坑的暗区，另一种是较之前者稍微年轻（但是地质年龄依旧十分古老）、遍布大量槽沟和山脊的明区。暗区的面积约占球体总面积的三分之一，<a href="#cite_note-Petterson2007-38">[38]</a>其间含有粘土和有机物质，这可能是由撞击木卫三的陨石带来的。<a href="#cite_note-Pappalardo2001-39">[39]</a> 而产生槽沟地形的加热机制则仍然是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="行星科学">行星科学</a>中的一大难题。现今的观点认为槽沟地形从本质上说主要是由构造活动形成的；<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a>而如果<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="冰火山">冰火山</a>在其中起了作用的话，那也只是次要的作用。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a>为了引起这种构造活动，木卫三的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%88" title="岩石圈">岩石圈</a>必须被施加足够强大的压力，而造成这种压力的力量可能与过去曾经发生的潮汐热作用有关——这种作用可能在木卫三处于不稳定的轨道共振状态时发生。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Showman1997b-40">[40]</a>引力潮汐对冰体的挠曲作用会加热星体内部，给岩石圈施加压力，并进一步导致裂缝、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%98" title="地壘">地垒</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A1%B9" title="地塹">地堑</a>的形成，这些地形取代了佔木卫三表面积70%的古老暗区。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bland2007-41">[41]</a>槽沟地形的形成可能还与早期内核的形成过程及其后星体内部的潮汐热作用有关，它们引起的冰体的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E8%AE%8A" title="相變">相变</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E8%83%80%E5%86%B7%E7%BC%A9" title="热胀冷缩">热胀冷缩</a>作用可能导致木卫三发生了微度膨胀，幅度为1-6%。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a> 随着星体的进一步发育，热水喷流被从内核挤压至星体表面，导致岩石圈的构造变形。<a href="#cite_note-Barr-42">[42]</a>星体内部的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">放射性衰变</a>产生的热能是最可能的热源，木卫三地下海洋的形成可能就有赖于它。通过研究模型人们发现，如果过去木卫三的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E9%9B%A2%E5%BF%83%E7%8E%87" title="軌道離心率">轨道离心率</a>值较现今高很多（事实上也可能如此），那么潮汐热能就可能取放射性衰变热源而代之，成为木卫三最主要的热源。<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Craters_on_Ganymede.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Craters_on_Ganymede.jpg/230px-Craters_on_Ganymede.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Craters_on_Ganymede.jpg/345px-Craters_on_Ganymede.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Craters_on_Ganymede.jpg/460px-Craters_on_Ganymede.jpg 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>槽沟地形区中新近形成的撞击坑。上為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E5%9D%91" title="古拉撞擊坑">古拉撞擊坑</a>，下為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E5%9D%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿克洛奧斯撞擊坑（页面不存在）">阿克洛奧斯撞擊坑</a>。</figcaption></figure> 撞击坑在两种地形中均可见到，但是在暗区中分布的更为密集：这一区域遭遇过大规模的陨石轰击，因而撞击坑的分布呈饱和状态。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a>较为明亮的槽沟地形区分布的撞击坑则较少，在这里由于构造变形而发育起来的地形成为了主要地质特征。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a>撞击坑的密度表明暗区的地质年龄达到了40亿年，接近于月球上的高地地形的地质年龄；而槽沟地形则稍微年轻一些（但是无法确定其确切年龄）。<a href="#cite_note-Zahnle1998-44">[44]</a> 和月球类似，在35-40亿年之前，木卫三经历过一个陨石猛烈轰击的时期。<a href="#cite_note-Zahnle1998-44">[44]</a>如果这种情况属实，那么这个时期在太阳系内曾经发生了大规模的轰击事件，而这个时期之后轰击率又大为降低。<a href="#cite_note-nineplanets.org-Ganymede-11">[11]</a> 在亮区中，既有撞击坑覆盖于槽沟之上的情况，也有槽沟切割撞击坑的情况，这说明其中的部分槽沟地质年龄也十分古老。木卫三上也存在相对年轻的撞击坑，其向外发散的辐射线还清晰可见。<a href="#cite_note-nineplanets.org-Ganymede-11">[11]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Ganymede-45">[45]</a>木卫三的撞击坑深度不及月球和水星上的，这可能是由于木卫三的冰质地层质地薄弱，会发生位移，从而能够转移一部分的撞击力量。许多地质年代久远的撞击坑的坑体结构已经消失不见，只留下一种被称为<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E9%A4%98%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8)" title="變餘結構 (行星天文學)">变餘结构</a>（英語：palimpsest）的残迹。<a href="#cite_note-nineplanets.org-Ganymede-11">[11]</a> 木卫三的显著特征包括一个被称为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%80" title="伽利略區">伽利略区</a>的较暗平原，这个区域内的槽沟呈同心环分布，可能是在一个地质活动时期内形成的。<a href="#cite_note-Casacchia-46">[46]</a>另外一个显著特征则是木卫三的两个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E5%86%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="极冠（页面不存在）">极冠</a>，其构成成分可能是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%9C" title="霜">霜</a>体。这层霜体延伸至<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="纬度">纬度</a>为40°的地区。<a href="#cite_note-The_Grand_Tour-20">[20]</a>旅行者号首次发现了木卫三的极冠。目前有两种解释极冠形成的理论，一种认为是高纬度的冰体扩散所致，另一种认为是外空间的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="等離子">等离子</a>态冰体轰击所产生的。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略号">伽利略号</a>的观测结果更倾向于后一种理论。<a href="#cite_note-Polar_caps-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大气层和电离层">大气层和电离层</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：大气层和电离层">编辑</a>]</div> 1972年，一支在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%AF%E6%9F%A5%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博斯查天文台（页面不存在）">博斯查天文台</a>工作的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="天文学家">天文学家</a>联合团队宣称他们在一次<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A9%E6%98%9F" title="掩星">掩星</a>现象中探测到了木卫三的大气，当时木星正从一颗恒星之前通过。<a href="#cite_note-Carlson1973-48">[48]</a>他们估计其大气压约为1微巴（0.1帕）。<a href="#cite_note-Carlson1973-48">[48]</a>1979年旅行者1号在飞掠过木星之时，借助当时的一次掩星现象进行了类似的观测，但是得到了不同的结果。<a href="#cite_note-Broadfoot1981-49">[49]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%851%E5%8F%B7" title="旅行者1号">旅行者1号</a>的掩星观测法使用短于200<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3" title="纳米">纳米</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E9%95%BF" title="波长">波长</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF" title="紫外线">远紫外线</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E9%A0%BB%E8%AD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="光學頻譜">光谱</a>进行观测，这比之1972年的可见光谱观测法，在测定<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="气体">气体</a>存在与否方面要精确得多。旅行者1号的观测数据表明木卫三上并不存在大气，其表面的微粒<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="数量密度（页面不存在）">数量密度</a>最高只有1.5 × 109 cm−3，对应的压力小于2.5 × 10−5微巴。<a href="#cite_note-Broadfoot1981-49">[49]</a>后一个数据较之1972年的数据要小了5个数量级，说明早期的估计太过于乐观了。<a href="#cite_note-Broadfoot1981-49">[49]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_temparatureof_ganymede.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Map_of_temparatureof_ganymede.jpg/220px-Map_of_temparatureof_ganymede.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Map_of_temparatureof_ganymede.jpg/330px-Map_of_temparatureof_ganymede.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Map_of_temparatureof_ganymede.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>木卫三表面的假色温度图</figcaption></figure> 不过1995年<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8B%83%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="哈勃空间望远镜">哈勃空间望远镜</a>发现了木卫三上存在稀薄的、以氧为主要成分的大气，这点类似于木卫二的大气。<a href="#cite_note-Hall1998-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-JPLAtmosphere-50">[50]</a>哈勃望远镜在130.4纳米到135.6纳米段的远紫外线光谱区探测到了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">原子氧</a>的大气光。这种大气光是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">分子氧</a>遭受<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">电子</a>轰击而<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E8%A7%A3" title="离解">离解</a>时所发出的，<a href="#cite_note-Hall1998-8">[8]</a>这表明木卫三上存在着以O2分子为主的中性大气。其表面微粒数量密度在 1.2–7 × 108 cm−3范围之间，相应的表面压力为0.2–1.2 × 10−5微巴。<a href="#cite_note-Hall1998-8">[8]</a><a href="#endnote_Hnone">[h]</a> 这些数值在旅行者号1981年探测的数值上限之内。这种微量级的氧气浓度不足以维持<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a>存在；其来源可能是木卫三表面的冰体在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84" title="辐射">辐射</a>作用下分解为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氢气">氢气</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="氧气">氧气</a>的过程，其中氢气由于其<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>较低，很快就逃逸出木卫三了。木卫三上观测到的大气光并不像木卫二上的同类现象一般在空间分布上呈现均一性。哈柏望遠鏡在木卫三的南北半球发现了数个亮点，其中两个都处于纬度50°地区——即木卫三磁圈的扩散场线和聚集场线的交界处。<a href="#cite_note-Feldman2000-51">[51]</a>同时也有人认为亮点可能是<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93" title="等离子体">等离子体</a>在下落过程中切割扩散场线所形成的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%85%89" title="极光">极光</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Johnson1997-52">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lumps_within_Ganymede.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lumps_within_Ganymede.jpg/300px-Lumps_within_Ganymede.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lumps_within_Ganymede.jpg/450px-Lumps_within_Ganymede.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lumps_within_Ganymede.jpg/600px-Lumps_within_Ganymede.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>木卫三上的亮点</figcaption></figure> 中性大气层的存在着木卫三上也应该存在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E5%B1%82" title="电离层">电离层</a>，因为氧分子是在遭受来自磁圈<a href="#cite_note-Paranicas1999-53">[53]</a>和太阳远紫外辐射的高能电子轰击之后而电离的。<a href="#cite_note-Eviatar2001-14">[14]</a>但是和大气层一样，木卫三电离层的性质也引发了争议。伽利略号的部分观测发现在木卫三表面的电子密度较高，表明其存在电离层，但是其他观测则毫无所获。<a href="#cite_note-Eviatar2001-14">[14]</a>通过各种观测所测定的木卫三表面的电子密度处于400–2,500 cm−3范围之间。及至2008年，木卫三电离层的各项参数仍未被精确确定。 证明木卫三含氧大气存在的另一种方法是对藏于木卫三表层冰体中的气体进行测量。1996年，科学家们公布了针对<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7" title="臭氧">臭氧</a>的测量结果。<a href="#cite_note-Noll1996-54">[54]</a> 1997年，光谱分析揭示了分子氧的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="二聚体">二聚体</a>（或<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="双原子分子">双原子分子</a>）吸收功能，即当氧分子处于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%93%E7%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="浓相（页面不存在）">浓相</a>状态时，就会出现这种吸收功能，而如果分子氧藏于冰体之中，则吸收功能最佳。二聚体的吸收光谱位置更多的取决于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="纬度">纬度</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%BA%A6" title="经度">经度</a>，而非表面的反照率——随着纬度的提高，吸收光谱的位置就会上移。而相反的，随着纬度的提高，臭氧的吸收光谱则会下移。<a href="#cite_note-Oxygen97-55">[55]</a>实验室的模拟试验表明，在木卫三上表面温度高于100K的地区，O2并不会聚合在一起，而是扩散至冰体中。<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> 当在木卫二上发现了<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">钠</a>元素之后，科学家们便开始在木卫三的大气中寻找这种物质，但是到了1997年都一无所获。据估计，钠在木卫三上的丰度比木卫二小13倍，这可能是因为其表面原本就缺乏该物质或磁圈将这类高能原子挡开了。<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a>木卫三大气层中存在的另一种微量成分是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">原子氢</a>，在距该卫星表面3000公里的太空即已能观测到氢原子的存在。其在星体表面的数量密度约为1.5 × 104 cm−3。<a href="#cite_note-Barth1997-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="磁層">磁層</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：磁層">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganymede_field.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ganymede_field.svg/280px-Ganymede_field.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ganymede_field.svg/420px-Ganymede_field.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ganymede_field.svg/560px-Ganymede_field.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>木卫三磁圈示意图</figcaption></figure> 1995年至2000年间，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略号">伽利略号</a>共6次近距离飞掠过木卫三，发现该卫星有一个独立于木星磁场之外的、长期存在的、其本身所固有的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E7%9F%A9" title="磁矩">磁矩</a>，<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson1997-59">[59]</a>其大小估计为1.3 × 1013 <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="特斯拉 (单位)">T</a>·m3，比<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F" title="水星">水星</a>的磁矩大三倍。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a> 其<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E7%9F%A9" title="磁矩">磁偶极子</a>与木卫三<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89%E8%BB%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="自轉軸">自转轴</a>的交角为176°，这意味着其磁极正对着木星磁场。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a> 磁層的北磁极位于<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2" title="軌道平面">轨道平面</a>之下。由这个长期磁矩创造的<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B6%E6%A5%B5%E5%AD%90" title="偶極子">偶极磁场</a>在木卫三赤道地区的强度为719±2纳特斯拉，<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a> 超过了此处的木星磁场强度——后者为120纳特斯拉。木卫三赤道地区的磁场正对着木星磁场，这使其场线有可能重新聚合。而其南北极地区的磁场强度则是赤道地区的两倍，为1440纳特斯拉。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a> 长期存在的磁矩在木卫三四周划出一个空间，形成了一个嵌入木星磁场的小型磁層。木卫三是太阳系中已知的唯一一颗拥有磁層的卫星。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson1997-59">[59]</a> 其磁層直径达4-5RG （RG=2,631.2公里）。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson1998-60">[60]</a>在木卫三上纬度低于30°的地区，其磁層的场线是闭合的，在这个区域，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B6%E9%9B%BB%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="帶電粒子">带电粒子</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">电子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a>）均被捕获，进而形成<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E5%B8%A6" title="范艾伦辐射带">辐射带</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson1998-60">[60]</a> 磁層中所含的主要离子为单个的离子化的氧原子——O+<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-61">[61]</a>——这点与木卫三含氧大气层的特征相吻合。而在纬度高于30°的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E5%86%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="极冠（页面不存在）">极冠</a>地区，场线则向外扩散，连接着木卫三和木星的电离层。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson1998-60">[60]</a>在这些地区已经发现了高能（高达数十甚至数百千伏）的电子和离子，<a href="#cite_note-Paranicas1999-53">[53]</a>可能由此而形成了木卫三极地地区的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%85%89" title="极光">极光</a>现象。<a href="#cite_note-Feldman2000-51">[51]</a>另外，在极地地区不断下落的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" title="重離子">重离子</a>则发生了<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%85%E5%B0%84" title="溅射">溅射</a>运动，最终使木卫三表面的冰体变暗。<a href="#cite_note-Paranicas1999-53">[53]</a> 木卫三磁層和木星磁场的相互影响与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E9%A3%8E" title="太阳风">太阳风</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA" title="地磁场">地球磁场</a>的相互作用在很多方面十分类似。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson1998-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Volwerk1999-62">[62]</a>如绕木星旋转的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93" title="等离子体">等离子体</a>对木卫三逆轨道方向磁層的轰击就非常像太阳风对地球磁场的轰击。主要的不同之处是等离子体流的速度——在地球上为<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="超音速">超音速</a>，而在木卫三上为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="亞音速">亚音速</a>。由于其等离子体流速度为亚音速，所以在木卫三逆轨道方向一面的磁场并未形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E5%BD%A2%E9%9C%87%E6%B3%A2" title="弓形震波">弓形激波</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Volwerk1999-62">[62]</a> 除了其本身固有的磁層外，木卫三还拥有一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%87%89" class="mw-disambig" title="感應">感应</a>产生的偶极磁场，其存在与木卫三附近木星磁场强度的变化有关。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a>该感应磁场随着木卫三本身固有磁層方向的变化，交替呈放射状面向木星或背向木星。该磁场的强度较之木卫三本身之磁场弱了一个数量级——前者磁赤道地区的场强为60纳特斯拉，只及木星此处场强的一半。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a>木卫三的感应磁场和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫四">木卫四</a>的以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="木卫二">木卫二</a>的感应磁场十分相似，这表明该卫星可能也拥有一个高<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="電導率">电导率</a>的地下海洋。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a> 由于木卫三的内部结构已经是彻底的分化型，且拥有一颗金属内核，<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hauk2006-35">[35]</a>所以其本身固有的磁層的产生方式可能与地球磁场的产生方式类似：即是内核物质运动的结果。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hauk2006-35">[35]</a>如果磁场是基于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5%E6%9C%BA%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="发电机原理">发电机原理</a>的产物，<a href="#cite_note-Hauk2006-35">[35]</a>那么木卫三的磁層就可能是由其内核的成分对流运动所造成的。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hauck2002-63">[63]</a> 尽管已知木卫三拥有一个铁质内核，但是其磁層仍然显得很神秘，特别是为何其他与之大小相同的卫星都不拥有磁層。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a>一些研究认为在木卫三这种相对较小的体积下，其内核应该早已被充分冷却以致内核的流动和磁场的产生都无以为继。一种解释声称能够引起星体表面构造变形的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF" title="轨道共振">轨道共振</a>也能够起到维持磁層的作用：即木卫三的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E9%9B%A2%E5%BF%83%E7%8E%87" title="軌道離心率">轨道离心率</a>和潮汐热作用由于某些轨道共振作用而出现增益，同时其<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%94" title="地幔">地幔</a>也起到了绝缘内核，阻止其冷却的作用。<a href="#cite_note-Bland2007-41">[41]</a>另一种解释认为是地幔中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="矽酸鹽">硅酸盐</a>岩石中残留的磁性造成了这种磁層。如果该卫星在过去曾经拥有基于发电机原理产生的强大磁场，那么该理论就很有可能行得通。<a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="形成和演化">形成和演化</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：形成和演化">编辑</a>]</div> 木卫三可能由木星<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E8%88%87%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96#形成" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系的形成與演化">次星云</a>——即在木星形成之后环绕于其四周的、由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="气体">气体</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%B5%E5%9F%83" class="mw-redirect" title="塵埃">尘埃</a>组成的圆盘——的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E7%A7%AF" title="吸积">吸积</a>作用所产生。<a href="#cite_note-Canup2002-64">[64]</a> 木卫三的吸积过程持续了大约1万年，<a href="#cite_note-Mosqueira2003-65">[65]</a>相较于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫四">木卫四</a>的10万年短得多。当<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫四">木卫四</a>开始形成之际，木星次星云中所含的气体成分已经相对较少；这导致了木卫四较长的吸积时间。<a href="#cite_note-Canup2002-64">[64]</a>相反，由于木卫三是紧接木星之后形成的，这时的次星云还比较浓密，所以其吸积作用所耗时间较短。<a href="#cite_note-Mosqueira2003-65">[65]</a>相对较短的形成时间使得吸积过程中产生的热量较少逃逸，这些未逃逸的热量导致了冰体的融化和木卫三内部结构的分化：即岩石和冰体相互分开，岩石沉入星体中心形成内核。在这方面，木卫三与木卫四不同，后者由于其较长的形成时间而导致吸积热逃逸殆尽，从而无法在初期融化冰体以及分化内部结构。<a href="#cite_note-McKinnon2006-66">[66]</a>这一假说揭示了为何质量和构成物质如此接近的两颗卫星看起来却如此得不同。<a href="#cite_note-Freeman2006-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-McKinnon2006-66">[66]</a> 在其形成之后，木卫三的内核还保存了大部分在吸积过程和分化过程中形成的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="热量">热量</a>，它只是缓慢的将少量热量释放至冰质地幔层中，就如同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热电池（页面不存在）">热电池</a>的运作一般。<a href="#cite_note-McKinnon2006-66">[66]</a>接着，地幔又通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81" title="對流">对流</a>作用将热量传导至星体表面。<a href="#cite_note-Freeman2006-37">[37]</a>不久岩石中蕴含的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性元素</a>开始<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">衰变</a>，产生的热量进一步加热了内核，从而加剧了其内部结构的分化，最终形成了一个铁-硫化亚铁内核和一个硅酸盐地幔。<a href="#cite_note-Hauk2006-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-McKinnon2006-66">[66]</a>至此，木卫三内部结构彻底分化。与之相比较，未经内部结构分化的木卫四所产生的放射性热能只能导致其冰质内部的对流，这种对流有效地冷却了星体，并阻止了大规模的冰体融化和内部结构的快速分化，<a href="#cite_note-Nagel2004-67">[67]</a>同时其最多只能引起冰体与岩石的部分分化。<a href="#cite_note-Nagel2004-67">[67]</a>现今，木卫三的冷却过程仍十分缓慢。<a href="#cite_note-Hauk2006-35">[35]</a>从起内核和硅酸盐地幔所释放出的热量使得木卫三上的地下海洋得以存在，<a href="#cite_note-Spohn2003-26">[26]</a>同时只是缓慢冷却的流动的铁-硫化亚铁内核仍在推动星体内的热对流，并维持着磁圈的存在。<a href="#cite_note-Hauk2006-35">[35]</a>现在木卫三的对外<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E9%80%9A%E9%87%8F" title="热通量">热通量</a>很可能高于木卫四。<a href="#cite_note-McKinnon2006-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="探测">探测</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：探测">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voyager.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Voyager.jpg/250px-Voyager.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Voyager.jpg/375px-Voyager.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Voyager.jpg/500px-Voyager.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>「旅行者号」太空探測船</figcaption></figure> 数个飞掠过或绕木星运行的探测器对木卫三进行了仔细勘查。其中的第一批是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%A9%B1%E8%80%8510%E5%8F%B7" title="先驱者10号">先驱者10号</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%A9%B1%E8%80%8511%E5%8F%B7" title="先驱者11号">先驱者11号</a>，<a href="#cite_note-Pioneer_11-17">[17]</a>两者传回的关于木卫三的信息较少。<a href="#cite_note-Terraformers-68">[68]</a>之后<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%851%E5%8F%B7" title="旅行者1号">旅行者1号</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%852%E5%8F%B7" title="旅行者2号">旅行者2号</a>于1979年飞掠过木卫三。它们精确测定了它的大小，最终证明它的体积要大于土卫六，后者曾被认为大于前者。<a href="#cite_note-Voyager-69">[69]</a>此外，这两艘飞船还发现了木卫三上的槽沟地形。<a href="#cite_note-Voyager_Mission-70">[70]</a> 1995年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略号">伽利略号</a>进入环木星轨道。<a href="#cite_note-The_Grand_Tour-20">[20]</a>在1996年至2000年间，它共6次近距离飞掠过木卫三。<a href="#cite_note-The_Grand_Tour-20">[20]</a>这6次飞掠被命名为G1，G2，G7，G8，G28，G29。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a>在最接近的一次飞掠——G2——中，伽利略号距离木卫三表面仅264公里。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a>在1996年的G1飞掠中，它发现了木卫三的磁场。<a href="#cite_note-Magnetic_Field_Discovery-71">[71]</a>后来又发现了木卫三的地下海洋，并于2001年对外公布。<a href="#cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Grand_Tour-20">[20]</a>伽利略号传回了大量的光谱图像，并在木卫三表面发现了数种非冰化合物。<a href="#cite_note-McCord1998-29">[29]</a>最近前往近距离探测木卫三的探测器是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A7%86%E9%87%8E%E5%8F%B7" title="新视野号">新视野号</a>，它于2007年在前往<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="冥王星">冥王星</a>的途中飞掠过了木卫三，并在加速过程中拍摄了木卫三的地形图和构成图。<a href="#cite_note-New_Horizons-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grundy2007-73">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="美国国家航空航天局">美国航空航天局</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%B1%80" title="欧洲空间局">欧洲空间局</a>合作的一项旨在探测木星卫星的计划——“<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%8D%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99" class="mw-redirect" title="木衛二－木星系統任務">木衛二－木星系統任務</a>”原定于2020年实施。2009年2月，美国航空航天局和欧洲空间局确认该计划将优先于“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="土卫六－土星系统任务">土卫六－土星系统任务</a>”得以实施。<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> 但是欧洲空间局的计划资金仍然面临来自该局其他计划的竞争。<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a>“木衛二－木星系統任務”包括美国航空航天局主持的“<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F-%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8" title="木星-木卫二轨道飞行器">木星-木卫二轨道飞行器</a>”和欧洲空间局主持的“<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F-%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="木星-木卫三轨道飞行器">木星-木卫三轨道飞行器</a>”，可能还包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="日本宇宙航空研究開發機構">日本宇宙航空研究开发机构</a>主持的“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木星磁场探测器（页面不存在）">木星磁场探测器</a>”。“木衛二－木星系統任務”最终被取消，其组成部分“木卫二轨道飞行器”和“木卫三轨道飞行器”分别被“<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%BD%97%E5%B7%B4%E5%BF%AB%E8%88%B9" title="欧罗巴快船">欧罗巴快船</a>”以及“<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%88%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="木星冰月探测器">木星冰月探测器</a>”取代。 已被取消的环木卫三轨道探测计划还包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%88%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%99%A8" title="木星冰月轨道器">木星冰月轨道器</a>。原计划使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98" title="核裂变">核裂变</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">反应堆</a>作为其动力来源，这将使其能够对木卫三进行详细勘查。<a href="#cite_note-JIMO-76">[76]</a>但是由于预算裁剪，该计划于2005年被取消。<a href="#cite_note-JIMO_cancellation-77">[77]</a>另外还有一个被取消的计划被称为“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%8F%E4%BC%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宏伟的木卫三（页面不存在）">宏伟的木卫三</a>”（The Grandeur of Ganymede）。<a href="#cite_note-Pappalardo2001-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见">参见</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：参见">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="木星的卫星">木星的卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%88%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%99%A8" title="木星冰月轨道器">木星冰月轨道器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="伽利略衛星">伽利略卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%BE%B7_(%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="甘德 (天文学家)">甘德</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释">注释</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：注释">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="references-small"> <ol type="a"> <li><a href="#ref_Anone">^</a> 远拱点可依据轨道长半轴a和轨道离心率e得出：<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a*(1+e)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>∗</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a*(1+e)}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff9420f0cb9476282516a3e1abb87210dbc1683e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.32ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a*(1+e)}">。 </li><li><a href="#ref_Bnone">^</a> 近拱点可依据轨道长半轴a和轨道离心率e得出：<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a*(1-e)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>∗</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a*(1-e)}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6dddba7b0cfa208c223d941ee9dee826c30175f7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.32ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a*(1-e)}">。 </li><li><a href="#ref_Cnone">^</a> 表面积可依据星体半径r得出：<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b81fcce302776a01dc66fc186a1ce0a616b4d772" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.597ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}">。 </li><li><a href="#ref_Dnone">^</a> 体积v可依据星体半径r得出：<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{3}/3}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{3}/3}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8f404b3cbe747937404f1a0bc0fbc167e6ecb2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.922ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{3}/3}">。 </li><li><a href="#ref_Enone">^</a> 表面重力可依据星体质量m、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%9C%89%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B0" title="万有引力常数">万有引力常数</a>G和半径r得出：<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Gm/r^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Gm/r^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8ecf411b2c6f7541f7c491168f3dfda76c5b1079" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.132ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Gm/r^{2}}">。 </li><li><a href="#ref_Fnone">^</a> 逃逸速度可依据星体质量m、万有引力常数G和半径r得出：<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\frac {2Gm}{r}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>G</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\frac {2Gm}{r}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aca3ee806315aee36fd0a0575f0c2285764da1ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:8.189ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\frac {2Gm}{r}}}}">。 </li><li><a href="#ref_Gnone">^</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E9%87%8F%E7%BA%B2%E8%BD%AC%E5%8A%A8%E6%83%AF%E9%87%8F" title="无量纲转动惯量">无量纲转动惯量</a>的单位是I/(mr²)，其中的I表示转动惯量，m表示质量，r表示最大半径。当无量纲转动惯量的数值为0.4时，即表示该星体是一个质地均匀的球体，而如果数值小于0.4，则表示该星体的物质密度随着深度的增加而加大。 </li><li><a href="#ref_Hnone">^</a> 该表面数量密度和压力是依据哈尔等人1998年公布的柱密度计算出来的，当时他们把大气标高假定为20公里，把温度假定为120K。 </li><li><a href="#ref_Inone">^</a> 类拉普拉斯共振和现今伽利略卫星的拉普拉斯共振十分相似，唯一的不同是当处于类拉普拉斯共振时，木卫一-木卫二和木卫二-木卫三的上合位置的移动速率不是同一的，而是成一定的比率——且这个比率一定是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%90%86%E6%95%B0" title="有理数">有理数</a>。 </li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-orbit-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-orbit_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-orbit_1-1">1.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-orbit_1-2">1.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-orbit_1-3">1.3</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_elem">Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters</a>. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 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Science. 1999, 286: 77–84 [2009-05-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506564">PMID 10506564</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.286.5437.77">doi:10.1126/science.286.5437.77</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-malhotra-1999.pdf">原始内容</a> (pdf)存档于2011-05-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=The+Galilean+Satellites&rft.aufirst=Adam+P.&rft.aulast=Showman&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=77-84&rft.volume=286&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpl.arizona.edu%2F~showman%2Fpublications%2Fshowman-malhotra-1999.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.286.5437.77&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10506564&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Bills2005-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bills2005_3-0">3.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bills2005_3-1">3.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bills, Bruce G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Icar..175..233B">Free and forced obliquities of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter</a>. Icarus. 2005, 175: 233–247 [2009-05-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2004.10.028">doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604001955/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Icar..175..233B">存档</a>于2016-06-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Free+and+forced+obliquities+of+the+Galilean+satellites+of+Jupiter&rft.aufirst=Bruce+G.&rft.aulast=Bills&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=233-247&rft.volume=175&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2005Icar..175..233B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2004.10.028&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-jplfact-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jplfact_4-0">4.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jplfact_4-1">4.1</a> <cite class="citation web">Yeomans, Donald K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par">Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters</a>. JPL Solar System Dynamics. 2006-07-13 [2007-11-05]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5msK7adC4?url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par">存档</a>于2010-01-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.aufirst=Donald+K.&rft.aulast=Yeomans&rft.btitle=Planetary+Satellite+Physical+Parameters&rft.date=2006-07-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=JPL+Solar+System+Dynamics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2F%3Fsat_phys_par&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-horizons-5"><a href="#cite_ref-horizons_5-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Yeomans and Chamberlin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=503">Horizon Online Ephemeris System for Ganymede (Major Body 503)</a>. California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. [2010-04-14]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202122141/http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=503">存档</a>于2014-02-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.au=Yeomans+and+Chamberlin&rft.btitle=Horizon+Online+Ephemeris+System+for+Ganymede+%28Major+Body+503%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology%2C+Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fhorizons.cgi%3Ffind_body%3D1%26body_group%3Dmb%26sstr%3D503&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  (4.38 on 1951-Oct-03) </li> <li id="cite_note-Delitsky1998-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Delitsky1998_6-0">6.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delitsky1998_6-1">6.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Delitsky, Mona L.; Lane, Arthur L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061003013845/http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/20675/1/98-1725.pdf">Ice chemistry of Galilean satellites</a> (PDF). J.of Geophys. Res. 1998, 103 (E13): 31,391–31,403. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998JGR...10331391D">Bibcode:1998JGR...10331391D</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F1998JE900020">doi:10.1029/1998JE900020</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/20675/1/98-1725.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2006-10-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Ice+chemistry+of+Galilean+satellites&rft.aufirst=Mona+L.&rft.aulast=Delitsky&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=E13&rft.jtitle=J.of+Geophys.+Res.&rft.pages=31%2C391-31%2C403&rft.volume=103&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrs-new.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2F2014%2F20675%2F1%2F98-1725.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998JGR...10331391D&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F1998JE900020&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Orton1996-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Orton1996_7-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Orton, G.S.; Spencer, G.R.; et al. Galileo Photopolarimeter-radiometer observations of Jupiter and the Galilean Satellites. Science. 1996, 274 (5286): 389–391. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996Sci...274..389O">Bibcode:1996Sci...274..389O</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.274.5286.389">doi:10.1126/science.274.5286.389</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Galileo+Photopolarimeter-radiometer+observations+of+Jupiter+and+the+Galilean+Satellites&rft.au=Martin%2C+T.+Z.&rft.au=Spencer%2C+G.R.&rft.au=Tamppari%2C+L.+K.&rft.au=Travis%2C+L.D.&rft.aufirst=G.S.&rft.aulast=Orton&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5286&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=389-391&rft.volume=274&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996Sci...274..389O&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.274.5286.389&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Hall1998-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hall1998_8-0">8.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hall1998_8-1">8.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hall1998_8-2">8.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hall1998_8-3">8.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hall1998_8-4">8.4</a> <cite class="citation journal">Hall, D.T.; Feldman, P.D.; McGrath, M.A. et.al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ApJ...499..475H">The Far-Ultraviolet Oxygen Airglow of Europa and Ganymede</a>. 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NASA. 2000-12-16 [2008-01-11]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080112100358/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2000/aguganymederoundup.html">存档</a>于2008-01-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Solar+System%27s+largest+moon+likely+has+a+hidden+ocean&rft.date=2000-12-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Freleases%2F2000%2Faguganymederoundup.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Kivelson2002-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-0">13.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-1">13.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-2">13.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-3">13.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-4">13.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-5">13.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-6">13.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-7">13.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-8">13.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-9">13.09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-10">13.10</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-11">13.11</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-12">13.12</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson2002_13-13">13.13</a> <cite class="citation journal">Kivelson, M.G.; Khurana, K.K.; Coroniti, F.V. et.al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/people/mkivelson/Publications/ICRUS1572507.pdf">The Permanent and Inductive Magnetic Moments of Ganymede</a> (pdf). Icarus. 2002, 157: 507–522 [2009-05-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Ficar.2002.6834">doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6834</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327050816/http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/people/mkivelson/Publications/ICRUS1572507.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2009-03-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=The+Permanent+and+Inductive+Magnetic+Moments+of+Ganymede&rft.aufirst=M.G.&rft.aulast=Kivelson&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=507-522&rft.volume=157&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.igpp.ucla.edu%2Fpeople%2Fmkivelson%2FPublications%2FICRUS1572507.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Ficar.2002.6834&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Eviatar2001-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eviatar2001_14-0">14.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eviatar2001_14-1">14.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eviatar2001_14-2">14.2</a> <cite class="citation journal">Eviatar, Aharon; Vasyliunas, Vytenis M.; Gurnett, Donald A. et.al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tau.ac.il/~arkee/ganymop.ps">The ionosphere of Ganymede</a> (ps). Plan.Space Sci. 2001, 49: 327–336 [2009-05-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0032-0633%2800%2900154-9">doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00154-9</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514044301/http://www.tau.ac.il/~arkee/ganymop.ps">存档</a>于2011-05-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=The+ionosphere+of+Ganymede&rft.aufirst=Aharon&rft.aulast=Eviatar&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plan.Space+Sci.&rft.pages=327-336&rft.volume=49&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tau.ac.il%2F~arkee%2Fganymop.ps&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0032-0633%2800%2900154-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Sidereus_Nuncius-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Sidereus_Nuncius_15-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20010223011934/http://www.physics.emich.edu/jwooley/chapter9/Chapter9.html">Sidereus Nuncius</a>. Eastern Michigan University. [2008-01-11]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physics.emich.edu/jwooley/chapter9/Chapter9.html">原始内容</a>存档于2001-02-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Sidereus+Nuncius&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eastern+Michigan+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physics.emich.edu%2Fjwooley%2Fchapter9%2FChapter9.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Naming-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Naming_16-0">16.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naming_16-1">16.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naming_16-2">16.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naming_16-3">16.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naming_16-4">16.4</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/observations/jupiter_satellites.html">Satellites of Jupiter</a>. The Galileo Project. [2007-11-24]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071112164556/http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/observations/jupiter_satellites.html">存档</a>于2007-11-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Satellites+of+Jupiter&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Galileo+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgalileo.rice.edu%2Fsci%2Fobservations%2Fjupiter_satellites.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Pioneer_11-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_11_17-0">17.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pioneer_11_17-1">17.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902202131/http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Advanced&MCode=Pioneer_11">Pioneer 11</a>. Solar System Exploration. [2008-01-06]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Advanced&MCode=Pioneer_11">原始内容</a>存档于2011-09-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Pioneer+11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solar+System+Exploration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsse.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fprofile.cfm%3FSort%3DAdvanced%26MCode%3DPioneer_11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Discovery-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Discovery_18-0">18.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Discovery_18-1">18.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071118221327/http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/galdisc.htm">The Discovery of the Galilean Satellites</a>. Views of the Solar System. Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. [2007-11-24]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/galdisc.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2007-11-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=The+Discovery+of+the+Galilean+Satellites&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Views+of+the+Solar+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iki.rssi.ru%2Fsolar%2Feng%2Fgaldisc.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Gan_De-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Gan_De_19-0">^</a> Zezong, Xi, "The Discovery of Jupiter's Satellite Made by Gan De 2000 years Before Galileo," Chinese Physics 2 (3) (1982): 664–67. </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Grand_Tour-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Grand_Tour_20-0">20.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Grand_Tour_20-1">20.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Grand_Tour_20-2">20.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Grand_Tour_20-3">20.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Grand_Tour_20-4">20.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Grand_Tour_20-5">20.5</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ron_Miller_(artist_and_author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ron Miller (artist and author)（页面不存在）">Miller, Ron</a>; William K. Hartmann. The Grand Tour: A Traveler's Guide to the Solar System 3rd. Thailand: Workman Publishing. May 2005: 108–114. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7611-3547-2" title="Special:网络书源/0-7611-3547-2">ISBN 0-7611-3547-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.btitle=The+Grand+Tour%3A+A+Traveler%27s+Guide+to+the+Solar+System&rft.date=2005-05&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7611-3547-2&rft.pages=108-114&rft.place=Thailand&rft.pub=Workman+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Musotto2002-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Musotto2002_21-0">21.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Musotto2002_21-1">21.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Musotto2002_21-2">21.2</a> <cite class="citation journal">Musotto, Susanna; Varadi, Ferenc; Moore, William; Schubert, Gerald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Icar..159..500M">Numerical Simulations of the Orbits of the Galilean Satellites</a>. Icarus. 2002, 159: 500–504 [2009-05-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Ficar.2002.6939">doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6939</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071024202630/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Icar..159..500M">存档</a>于2007-10-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Numerical+Simulations+of+the+Orbits+of+the+Galilean+Satellites&rft.aufirst=Susanna&rft.aulast=Musotto&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=500-504&rft.volume=159&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2002Icar..159..500M&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Ficar.2002.6939&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-SPACE.com-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SPACE.com_22-0">22.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SPACE.com_22-1">22.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021017211633/http://space.com/searchforlife/seti_tidal_europa_021003.html">High Tide on Europa</a>. SPACE.com. [2007-12-07]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/searchforlife/seti_tidal_europa_021003.html">原始内容</a>存档于2002-10-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=High+Tide+on+Europa&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SPACE.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fsearchforlife%2Fseti_tidal_europa_021003.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Showman1997a-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Showman1997a_23-0">23.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Showman1997a_23-1">23.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Showman1997a_23-2">23.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Showman1997a_23-3">23.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Showman1997a_23-4">23.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Showman1997a_23-5">23.5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Showman1997a_23-6">23.6</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Showman1997a_23-7">23.7</a> <cite class="citation journal">Showman, Adam P.; Malhotra, Renu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-malhotra-1997.pdf">Tidal Evolution into the Laplace Resonance and the Resurfacing of Ganymede</a> (pdf). Icarus. 1997, 127: 93–111 [2009-05-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Ficar.1996.5669">doi:10.1006/icar.1996.5669</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514231007/http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-malhotra-1997.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2011-05-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Tidal+Evolution+into+the+Laplace+Resonance+and+the+Resurfacing+of+Ganymede&rft.aufirst=Adam+P.&rft.aulast=Showman&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=93-111&rft.volume=127&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpl.arizona.edu%2F~showman%2Fpublications%2Fshowman-malhotra-1997.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Ficar.1996.5669&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Peale2002-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Peale2002_24-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Peale, S.J.; Lee, Man Hoi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...298..593P">A Primordial Origin of the Laplace Relation Among the Galilean Satellites</a>. Science. 2002, 298: 593–597 [2009-05-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386333">PMID 12386333</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1076557">doi:10.1126/science.1076557</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604002005/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...298..593P">存档</a>于2016-06-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=A+Primordial+Origin+of+the+Laplace+Relation+Among+the+Galilean+Satellites&rft.aufirst=S.J.&rft.aulast=Peale&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=593-597&rft.volume=298&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2002Sci...298..593P&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1076557&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12386333&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Kuskov2005-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kuskov2005_25-0">25.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuskov2005_25-1">25.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuskov2005_25-2">25.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuskov2005_25-3">25.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kuskov2005_25-4">25.4</a> <cite class="citation journal">Kuskov, O.L.; Kronrod, V.A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Icar..177..550K">Internal structure of Europa and Callisto</a>. Icarus. 2005, 177: 550–369 [2009-05-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2005.04.014">doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.04.014</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604002009/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Icar..177..550K">存档</a>于2016-06-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Internal+structure+of+Europa+and+Callisto&rft.aufirst=O.L.&rft.aulast=Kuskov&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=550-369&rft.volume=177&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2005Icar..177..550K&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2005.04.014&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Spohn2003-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spohn2003_26-0">26.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spohn2003_26-1">26.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Spohn, T.; Schubert, G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227015925/http://lasp.colorado.edu/icymoons/europaclass/Spohn_Schubert_oceans.pdf">Oceans in the icy Galilean satellites of Jupiter?</a> (PDF). Icarus. 2003, 161: 456–467. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0019-1035%2802%2900048-9">doi:10.1016/S0019-1035(02)00048-9</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lasp.colorado.edu/icymoons/europaclass/Spohn_Schubert_oceans.pdf">原始内容</a> (pdf)存档于2008-02-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Oceans+in+the+icy+Galilean+satellites+of+Jupiter%3F&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.aulast=Spohn&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=456-467&rft.volume=161&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flasp.colorado.edu%2Ficymoons%2Feuropaclass%2FSpohn_Schubert_oceans.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0019-1035%2802%2900048-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Calvin1995-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Calvin1995_27-0">27.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calvin1995_27-1">27.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calvin1995_27-2">27.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calvin1995_27-3">27.3</a> <cite class="citation journal">Calvin, Wendy M.; Clark, Roger N.;Brown, Robert H.; and Spencer John R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995JGR...10019041C">Spectra of the ice Galilean satellites from 0.2 to 5 µm: A compilation, new observations, and a recent summary</a>. 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Wayne RESA. [2007-12-31]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.resa.net/nasa/ganymede.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2007-12-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Ganymede%3A+the+Giant+Moon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wayne+RESA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.resa.net%2Fnasa%2Fganymede.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-McCord1998-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCord1998_29-0">29.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCord1998_29-1">29.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCord1998_29-2">29.2</a> <cite class="citation journal">McCord, T.B.; Hansen, G.V.; Clark, R.N. et.al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998JGR...103.8603M">Non-water-ice constituents in the surface material of the icy Galilelean satellites from Galileo near-infrared mapping spectrometer investigation</a>. J. Of Geophys. 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Science. 2001, 292: 1523–1525 [2009-05-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11375486">PMID 11375486</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1059916">doi:10.1126/science.1059916</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604002022/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Sci...292.1523M">存档</a>于2016-06-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Hydrated+Salt+Minerals+on+Ganymede%E2%80%99s+Surface%3A+Evidence+of+an+Ocean+Below&rft.aufirst=Thomas+B.&rft.aulast=McCord&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=1523-1525&rft.volume=292&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2001Sci...292.1523M&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1059916&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11375486&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Domingue1996-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Domingue1996_31-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Domingue, Deborah; Lane, Arthur; Moth, Pimol. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996DPS....28.0404D">Evidence from IUE for Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Surface Composition of the Icy Galilean Satellites</a>. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 1996, 28: 1070 [2009-05-09]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604002028/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996DPS....28.0404D">存档</a>于2016-06-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Evidence+from+IUE+for+Spatial+and+Temporal+Variations+in+the+Surface+Composition+of+the+Icy+Galilean+Satellites&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.aulast=Domingue&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Astronomical+Society&rft.pages=1070&rft.volume=28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F1996DPS....28.0404D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Domingue1998-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Domingue1998_32-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Domingue, Deborah L.; Lane, Arthur L.; Beyer, Ross A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998GeoRL..25.3117D">IEU’s detection of tenuous SO2 frost on Ganymede and its rapid time variability</a>. 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Icarus. 2002, 157: 104–119 [2009-05-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Ficar.2002.6828">doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6828</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604002035/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Icar..157..104S">存档</a>于2016-06-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Implications+from+Galileo+Observations+on+the+Interior+Structure+and+Chemistry+of+the+Galilean+Satellites&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.aulast=Sohl&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=104-119&rft.volume=157&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2002Icar..157..104S&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Ficar.2002.6828&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Hauk2006-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hauk2006_35-0">35.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hauk2006_35-1">35.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hauk2006_35-2">35.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hauk2006_35-3">35.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hauk2006_35-4">35.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hauk2006_35-5">35.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hauk2006_35-6">35.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hauk2006_35-7">35.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hauk2006_35-8">35.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hauk2006_35-9">35.09</a> <cite class="citation journal">Hauk, Steven A.; Aurnou, Jonathan M.; Dombard, Andrew J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227015923/http://geology.case.edu/~hauck/papers/hauck_jgr_2006.pdf">Sulfur’s impact on core evolution and magnetic field generation on Ganymede</a> (PDF). J. Of Geophys. 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Geophysical Research Abstracts (European Geosciences Union). 2005, 7: 01892 [2009-05-09]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327050809/http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU05/01892/EGU05-J-01892.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2009-03-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Internal+Structure+of+Icy+Satellites+of+Jupiter&rft.aufirst=O.L.&rft.aulast=Kuskov&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Abstracts&rft.pages=01892&rft.volume=7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cosis.net%2Fabstracts%2FEGU05%2F01892%2FEGU05-J-01892.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Freeman2006-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Freeman2006_37-0">37.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freeman2006_37-1">37.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freeman2006_37-2">37.2</a> <cite class="citation journal">Freeman, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155106/http://bowfell.geol.ucl.ac.uk/~lidunka/EPSS-papers/pete2.pdf">Non-Newtonian stagnant lid convection and the thermal evolution of Ganymede and Callisto</a> (PDF). Planetary and Space Science. 2006, 54: 2–14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pss.2005.10.003">doi:10.1016/j.pss.2005.10.003</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bowfell.geol.ucl.ac.uk/~lidunka/EPSS-papers/pete2.pdf">原始内容</a> (pdf)存档于2007-08-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Non-Newtonian+stagnant+lid+convection+and+the+thermal+evolution+of+Ganymede+and+Callisto&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Planetary+and+Space+Science&rft.pages=2-14&rft.volume=54&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbowfell.geol.ucl.ac.uk%2F~lidunka%2FEPSS-papers%2Fpete2.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pss.2005.10.003&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Petterson2007-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Petterson2007_38-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Petterson, Wesley; Head, James W.; Collins, Geoffrey C. et.al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/1098.pdf">A Global Geologic Map of Ganymede</a> (pdf). Lunar and Planetary Science. 2007,. XXXVIII: 1098 [2009-05-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327050809/http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/1098.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2009-03-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=A+Global+Geologic+Map+of+Ganymede&rft.aufirst=Wesley&rft.aulast=Petterson&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lunar+and+Planetary+Science&rft.pages=1098&rft.volume=XXXVIII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpi.usra.edu%2Fmeetings%2Flpsc2007%2Fpdf%2F1098.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Pappalardo2001-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pappalardo2001_39-0">39.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pappalardo2001_39-1">39.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pappalardo, R.T.; Khurana, K.K.; Moore, W.B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/outerplanets2001/pdf/4065.pdf">The Grandeur of Ganymede: Suggested Goals for an Orbiter Mission</a> (pdf). Lunar and Planetary Science. 2001, XXXII: 4062 [2009-05-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327050808/http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/outerplanets2001/pdf/4065.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2009-03-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=The+Grandeur+of+Ganymede%3A+Suggested+Goals+for+an+Orbiter+Mission&rft.aufirst=R.T.&rft.aulast=Pappalardo&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lunar+and+Planetary+Science&rft.pages=4062&rft.volume=XXXII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpi.usra.edu%2Fmeetings%2Fouterplanets2001%2Fpdf%2F4065.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Showman1997b-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Showman1997b_40-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Showman, Adam P.; Stevenson, David J.; Malhotra, Renu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190603184639/http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-etal-1997.pdf">Coupled Orbital and Thermal Evolution of Ganymede</a> (PDF). Icarus. 1997, 129: 367–383 [2009-05-10]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Ficar.1997.5778">doi:10.1006/icar.1997.5778</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-etal-1997.pdf">原始内容</a> (pdf)存档于2019-06-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Coupled+Orbital+and+Thermal+Evolution+of+Ganymede&rft.aufirst=Adam+P.&rft.aulast=Showman&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=367-383&rft.volume=129&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpl.arizona.edu%2F~showman%2Fpublications%2Fshowman-etal-1997.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Ficar.1997.5778&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Bland2007-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bland2007_41-0">41.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bland2007_41-1">41.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bland; Showman, A.P.; Tobie, G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/2020.pdf">Ganymede's orbital and thermal evolution and its effect on magnetic field generation</a> (pdf). Lunar and Planetary Society Conference. March 2007, 38: 2020 [2009-05-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327050813/http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/2020.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2009-03-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Ganymede%27s+orbital+and+thermal+evolution+and+its+effect+on+magnetic+field+generation&rft.au=Bland&rft.date=2007-03&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lunar+and+Planetary+Society+Conference&rft.pages=2020&rft.volume=38&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpi.usra.edu%2Fmeetings%2Flpsc2007%2Fpdf%2F2020.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Barr-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Barr_42-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Barr, A.C.; Pappalardo, R. 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Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. 2001, 32: 1781 [2009-05-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327050810/http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2001/pdf/1781.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2009-03-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Rise+of+Deep+Melt+into+Ganymede%27s+Ocean+and+Implications+for+Astrobiology&rft.aufirst=A.C.&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lunar+and+Planetary+Science+Conference&rft.pages=1781&rft.volume=32&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpi.usra.edu%2Fmeetings%2Flpsc2001%2Fpdf%2F1781.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Huffmann, H.; Sohl, F. et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU04/05114/EGU04-J-05114.pdf">Internal Structure and Tidal Heating of Ganymede</a> (PDF). European Geosciences Union, Geophysical Research Abstracts. 2004, 6 [2009-05-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327050805/http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU04/05114/EGU04-J-05114.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2009-03-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Internal+Structure+and+Tidal+Heating+of+Ganymede&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.aulast=Huffmann&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Geosciences+Union%2C+Geophysical+Research+Abstracts&rft.volume=6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cosis.net%2Fabstracts%2FEGU04%2F05114%2FEGU04-J-05114.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Zahnle1998-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zahnle1998_44-0">44.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zahnle1998_44-1">44.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Zahnle, K.; Dones, L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227015923/http://lasp.colorado.edu/icymoons/europaclass/Zahnle_etal_1998.pdf">Cratering Rates on the Galilean Satellites</a> (PDF). Icarus. 1998, 136: 202–222. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Ficar.1998.6015">doi:10.1006/icar.1998.6015</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lasp.colorado.edu/icymoons/europaclass/Zahnle_etal_1998.pdf">原始内容</a> (pdf)存档于2008-02-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Cratering+Rates+on+the+Galilean+Satellites&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.aulast=Zahnle&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=202-222&rft.volume=136&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flasp.colorado.edu%2Ficymoons%2Feuropaclass%2FZahnle_etal_1998.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Ficar.1998.6015&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Ganymede-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Ganymede_45-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/outerp/gany.html">Ganymede</a>. 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Geophys. Res. Lett. 1997, 24 (17): 2155–2158 [2009-05-10]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F97GL02201">doi:10.1029/97GL02201</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327050805/http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/people/mkivelson/Publications/97GL02201.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2009-03-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=The+magnetic+field+and+magnetosphere+of+Ganymede&rft.aufirst=M.G.&rft.aulast=Kivelson&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=17&rft.jtitle=Geophys.+Res.+Lett.&rft.pages=2155-2158&rft.volume=24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.igpp.ucla.edu%2Fpeople%2Fmkivelson%2FPublications%2F97GL02201.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F97GL02201&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Kivelson1998-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson1998_60-0">60.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson1998_60-1">60.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson1998_60-2">60.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kivelson1998_60-3">60.3</a> <cite class="citation journal">Kivelson, M.G.; Warnecke, J.; Bennett, L. et.al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/people/mkivelson/Publications/98JE00227.pdf">Ganymede’s magnetosphere: magnetometer overview</a> (pdf). J.of Geophys. 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Lunar and Planetary Science. 2002, XXXIII: 1380 [2009-05-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327050805/http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2002/pdf/1380.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2009-03-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Internal+structure+and+mechanism+of+core+convection+on+Ganymede&rft.aufirst=Steven+A.&rft.aulast=Hauck&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lunar+and+Planetary+Science&rft.pages=1380&rft.volume=XXXIII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpi.usra.edu%2Fmeetings%2Flpsc2002%2Fpdf%2F1380.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Canup2002-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Canup2002_64-0">64.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canup2002_64-1">64.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Canup, Robin M.; Ward, William R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~robin/cw02final.pdf">Formation of the Galilean Satellites: Conditions of Accretion</a> (pdf). The Astronomical Journal. 2002, 124: 3404–3423 [2009-05-10]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F344684">doi:10.1086/344684</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190615104621/https://www.boulder.swri.edu/~robin/cw02final.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2019-06-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Formation+of+the+Galilean+Satellites%3A+Conditions+of+Accretion&rft.aufirst=Robin+M.&rft.aulast=Canup&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomical+Journal&rft.pages=3404-3423&rft.volume=124&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boulder.swri.edu%2F~robin%2Fcw02final.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F344684&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Mosqueira2003-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mosqueira2003_65-0">65.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mosqueira2003_65-1">65.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Mosqueira, Ignacio; Estrada, Paul R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Icar..163..198M">Formation of the regular satellites of giant planets in an extended gaseous nebula I: subnebula model and accretion of satellites</a>. Icarus. 2003, 163: 198–231 [2009-05-10]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0019-1035%2803%2900076-9">doi:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00076-9</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604002548/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Icar..163..198M">存档</a>于2016-06-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=Formation+of+the+regular+satellites+of+giant+planets+in+an+extended+gaseous+nebula+I%3A+subnebula+model+and+accretion+of+satellites&rft.aufirst=Ignacio&rft.aulast=Mosqueira&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=198-231&rft.volume=163&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2003Icar..163..198M&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0019-1035%2803%2900076-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-McKinnon2006-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McKinnon2006_66-0">66.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinnon2006_66-1">66.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinnon2006_66-2">66.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinnon2006_66-3">66.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinnon2006_66-4">66.4</a> <cite class="citation journal">McKinnon, William B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Icar..183..435M">On convection in ice I shells of outer Solar System bodies, with detailed application to Callisto</a>. Icarus. 2006, 183: 435–450 [2009-05-10]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2006.03.004">doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.03.004</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071024202645/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Icar..183..435M">存档</a>于2007-10-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89&rft.atitle=On+convection+in+ice+I+shells+of+outer+Solar+System+bodies%2C+with+detailed+application+to+Callisto&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=435-450&rft.volume=183&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2006Icar..183..435M&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2006.03.004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Nagel2004-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nagel2004_67-0">67.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nagel2004_67-1">67.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Nagel, K.A; Breuer, D.; Spohn, T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Icar..169..402N">A model for the interior structure, evolution, and differentiation of Callisto</a>. 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#aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ganymede_(moon)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ganymede (moon)">木卫三</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E4%B8%80%E8%BE%B2" title="黃一農">黃一農</a>：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903060142/http://hss.nthu.edu.tw/~ylh/uploadfiles/paper179_0.JPG">裸眼也能看到木衛</a>〉。</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Ganymede">Ganymede Profile</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140524012445/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Ganymede">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/">NASA's Solar System Exploration</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110219084029/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nineplanets.org/ganymede.html">Ganymede page</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080304030441/http://www.nineplanets.org/ganymede.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） on The <s>Nine</s>8 Planets</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solarviews.com/eng/ganymede.htm">Jupiter's Moon Ganymede</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110604043322/http://www.solarviews.com/eng/ganymede.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） on Views of the Solar System</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618031053/http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/gc/gchome.shtml">Ganymede Crater Database</a> Lunar and Planetary Institute</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/target/Ganymede">木卫三图片集</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20040501171036/http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/target/Ganymede">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="Template:木卫三"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="Template talk:木卫三"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:木卫三"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="木卫三" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">木卫三</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木衛三地質特徵列表（页面不存在）">地質特徵</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%89%E5%88%86%E5%8D%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木衛三分區列表（页面不存在）">分區表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%89%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E5%9D%91%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木衛三撞擊坑列表（页面不存在）">撞擊坑</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Moon_Ganymede_by_NOAA.jpg/100px-Moon_Ganymede_by_NOAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Moon_Ganymede_by_NOAA.jpg/150px-Moon_Ganymede_by_NOAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Moon_Ganymede_by_NOAA.jpg/200px-Moon_Ganymede_by_NOAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%89%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E5%9D%91%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木衛三撞擊坑列表（页面不存在）">撞擊坑</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neith_(crater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neith (crater)（页面不存在）">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E5%9D%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿克洛奧斯撞擊坑（页面不存在）">阿克洛奧斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E5%9D%91" title="古拉撞擊坑">古拉</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kittu_(crater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kittu (crater)（页面不存在）">Kittu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khensu_(crater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khensu (crater)（页面不存在）">Khensu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nergal_(crater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nergal (crater)（页面不存在）">Nergal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_(crater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El (crater)（页面不存在）">El</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地形特徵</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%9F%BA%E9%8F%88%E5%9D%91" title="恩基鏈坑">恩基鏈坑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%80" title="伽利略區">伽利略區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E8%8F%B2%E6%96%AF%E5%85%89%E6%96%91" title="孟菲斯光斑">孟菲斯光斑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E9%AD%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%BA%9D" title="烏魯克溝">烏魯克溝</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">探勘</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F-%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%89%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8" title="木星-木衛三軌道飛行器">木星-木衛三軌道飛行器</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jupiter%27s_moons_in_fiction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jupiter's moons in fiction（页面不存在）">Ganymede in fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="木星的衛星" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="Template:木星的衛星"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="Template talk:木星的衛星"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:木星的衛星"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="木星的衛星" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星">木星</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="木星的卫星">衛星</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div>以與木星之距離從近到遠排列</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="木星的卫星">内侧衛星群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="木卫十六">木衛十六</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="木卫十五">木衛十五</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%94" title="木卫五">木衛五</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫十四">木衛十四</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" title="木星環">木星環</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="伽利略衛星">伽利略衛星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="木卫一">木卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="木卫二">木卫二</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">木卫三</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫四">木卫四</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">撒米斯图群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB" title="木卫十八">木衛十八</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%A4" title="希玛利亚群">希玛利亚群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="木卫十三">木衛十三</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="木衛七十一">木衛七十一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD" title="木卫六">木衛六</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="木衛六十五">木衛六十五</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81" title="木卫十">木衛十</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%83" title="木卫七">木衛七</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="木衛五十三">木衛五十三</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">卡耳波群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="木卫四十六">木衛四十六</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">瓦勒圖多群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="木衛六十二">木衛六十二</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%88%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="阿南刻群">阿南刻群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2022_J_3" title="S/2022 J 3">S/2022 J 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫三十四">木衛三十四</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="木卫五十五">木衛五十五</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81" title="木卫六十">木衛六十</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="木衛五十二">木衛五十二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B" title="木衛五十四">木衛五十四</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81" title="木卫四十">木衛四十</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="木卫三十三">木衛三十三</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_16" title="S/2003 J 16">S/2003 J 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="木卫二十二">木衛二十二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="木卫三十五">木衛三十五</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="木卫四十五">木衛四十五</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83" title="木卫二十七">木衛二十七</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B" title="木衛六十四">木衛六十四</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_12" title="S/2003 J 12">S/2003 J 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB" title="木衛六十八">木衛六十八</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="木卫四十二">木衛四十二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D" title="木卫二十九">木衛二十九</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_2" title="S/2003 J 2">S/2003 J 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="木卫十二">木衛十二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫二十四">木衛二十四</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81" title="木卫三十">木衛三十</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81" title="木衛七十">木衛七十</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%80%B3%E5%A2%A8%E7%BE%A4" title="卡耳墨群">加爾尼群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2022_J_1" title="S/2022 J 1">S/2022 J 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2022_J_2" title="S/2022 J 2">S/2022 J 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB" title="木卫三十八">木衛三十八</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D" title="木衛六十九">木衛六十九</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_24" title="S/2003 J 24">S/2003 J 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="木卫二十一">木衛二十一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="木衛六十三">木衛六十三</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="木卫二十六">木衛二十六</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫四十四">木衛四十四</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="木卫二十五">木衛二十五</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83" title="木卫三十七">木衛三十七</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83" title="木卫五十七">木衛五十七</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="木卫三十一">木衛三十一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83" title="木卫四十七">木衛四十七</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="木卫四十三">木衛四十三</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81" title="木卫二十">木衛二十</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="木衛七十二">木衛七十二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="木卫十一">木衛十一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81" title="木衛五十">木衛五十</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="木衛六十一">木衛六十一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="木衛五十一">木衛五十一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_9" title="S/2003 J 9">S/2003 J 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="木衛六十六">木衛六十六</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="木卫二十三">木衛二十三</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_10" title="S/2003 J 10">S/2003 J 10</a>(?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%8E%84%E7%BE%A4" title="帕西法厄群">帕西法厄群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB" title="木卫五十八">木衛五十八</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="木卫三十二">木衛三十二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="木卫五十六">木衛五十六</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_4" title="S/2003 J 4">S/2003 J 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83" title="木衛六十七">木衛六十七</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D" title="木卫三十九">木衛三十九</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AB" title="木卫八">木衛八</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="木卫三十六">木衛三十六</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D" title="木卫十九">木衛十九</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB" title="木卫四十八">木衛四十八</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B9%9D" title="木卫九">木衛九</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D" title="木衛五十九">木衛五十九</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="木卫四十一">木衛四十一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB" title="木卫二十八">木衛二十八</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83" title="木卫十七">木衛十七</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2003_J_23" title="S/2003 J 23">S/2003 J 23</a>(?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D" title="木卫四十九">木衛四十九</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2016_J_4" title="S/2016 J 4">S/2016 J 4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" title="木星環">木星環</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%A7%8B%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="虛構作品中的木星">虛構作品中的木星</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="太陽系的天然衛星" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="Template:太陽系的衛星"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="Template talk:太陽系的衛星"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:太陽系的衛星"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="太陽系的天然衛星" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系">太陽系</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="衛星">天然衛星</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太阳系天然卫星列表">行星的衛星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83#衛星" title="地球">地球的衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="火星的衛星">火星的衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="木星的卫星">木星的卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="土星的卫星">土星的卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="天王星的卫星">天王星的卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="海王星的卫星">海王星的卫星</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Jupiter_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jupiter_family.jpg/150px-Jupiter_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jupiter_family.jpg/225px-Jupiter_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jupiter_family.jpg/300px-Jupiter_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2081" data-file-height="1654" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg/150px-PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg/225px-PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg/300px-PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2526" data-file-height="501" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:243_ida_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/150px-243_ida_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/225px-243_ida_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/300px-243_ida_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太阳系天然卫星列表">矮行星的卫星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="冥王星的衛星">冥王星的衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%8A%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="妊神星的卫星">妊神星的卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">鸟卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%8B%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="阋卫一">阋卫一</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="小行星衛星">小行星的卫星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>• 近地小行星：</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F3122" title="小行星3122">佛罗伦斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F3671" title="小行星3671">狄俄倪索斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F65803" class="mw-redirect" title="小行星65803">迪迪莫斯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F66391&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小行星66391（页面不存在）">1999 KW4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F136617&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小行星136617（页面不存在）">1994 CC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F153591&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小行星153591（页面不存在）">2001 SN263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F285263" title="小行星285263">1998 QE2</a> </li> <li>主带小行星：</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E8%B5%8B%E6%98%9F" title="司赋星">司赋星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BD%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="丽神星">丽神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="桂神星">桂神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F45" title="小行星45">香女星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="林神星">林神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="慧神星">慧神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%B6%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="驶神星">驶神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%82%E5%A5%B3%E6%98%9F" title="怂女星">怂女星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B7%E5%90%8E%E6%98%9F" title="艷后星">艳后星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%A5%B3%E6%98%9F" title="艾女星">艾女星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F283" title="小行星283">艾玛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F317" title="小行星317">罗克珊娜星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F762" title="小行星762">普尔科瓦星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F1509" title="小行星1509">埃斯克兰贡星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F3749" title="小行星3749">巴兰星</a> </li> <li>木星特洛伊小行星：</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F617" title="小行星617">帕特罗克洛斯星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F624" title="小行星624">赫克特星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F3548" title="小行星3548">欧律巴忒斯星</a> </li> <li>海王星外天体：</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F47171" title="小行星47171">恶神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9B%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="创神星">创神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F55637" title="小行星55637">2002 UX25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%82%E9%AD%84%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="魂魄神星">魂魄神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A1%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="亡神星">亡神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F120347" title="小行星120347">潫神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F174567" title="小行星174567">瓦尔妲星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%B7%A5%E6%98%9F" title="共工星">共工星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F229762" title="小行星229762">雹神星</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F532037&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小行星532037（页面不存在）">2013 FY27</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">较大的卫星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>• <a class="mw-selflink selflink">木卫三</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD" title="土卫六">土卫六</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫四">木卫四</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="木卫一">木卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="木卫二">木卫二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="海卫一">海卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="天卫三">天卫三</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%94" title="土卫五">土卫五</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="天卫四">天卫四</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AB" title="土卫八">土卫八</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="冥卫一">冥卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="天卫二">天卫二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="天卫一">天卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="土卫四">土卫四</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="土卫三">土卫三</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%8B%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="阋卫一">阋卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="土卫二">土卫二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%94" title="天卫五">天卫五</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A1%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="亡卫一">亡卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AB" title="海卫八">海卫八</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="土卫一">土卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦卫一（页面不存在）">瓦卫一</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmar%C3%AB_(moon)" class="extiw" title="en:Ilmarë (moon)">Ilmarë (moon)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="海卫二">海卫二</a></li> <li>...</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太阳系天体发现时间列表">發現的時間</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太阳系天然卫星列表">列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="內衛星">內衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="不規則衛星">不規則衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="規則衛星">規則衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="行星大小的卫星（页面不存在）">行星大小的卫星</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary-mass_moon" class="extiw" title="en:Planetary-mass moon">Planetary-mass moon</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D" title="卫星的命名">命名</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卫星的卫星（页面不存在）">卫星的卫星</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsatellite" class="extiw" title="en:Subsatellite">Subsatellite</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="特洛伊卫星">特洛伊卫星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3169#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3169#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3169#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/245764377">VIAF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4276692-8">德国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007537091505171">以色列</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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