CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>孝械褏薪芯褋褎械褉邪 - 袦懈褉锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟</title> <meta name="keywords" content="..."> <meta name="description" content="..."> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="uYRECSoWK3kriGRvkUD9v4xhAT__CzzPv3F7EUDIRYE" /> <meta name="yandex-verification" content="7f33e48e5596db06" /> <link href="https://www.technosphera.ru/main8.css" rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" /> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon_tsphera.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon_tsphera.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.technosphera.ru/js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.technosphera.ru/js/jquery.dimensions.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.technosphera.ru/js/browser.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.technosphera.ru/js/supermodal.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.technosphera.ru/js/foto.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ var redirectMode=0; var modalAjaxSgn=-1; // 袙芯蟹胁褉邪褖邪械褌蟹薪邪褔械薪懈械泻褍泻懈 function getCookie(name) { var matches = document.cookie.match(new RegExp( "(?:^|; )" + name.replace(/([\.$?*|{}\[\]\\\/\+^])/g, '\\$1') + "=([^;]*)" )); // return matches ? decodeURIComponent(matches[1]) : ''; return matches ? matches[1] : ''; } function get_with_www(url){ var s=url+'/'; if (s.match(/^https?\:\/\/[^\.\?]+\.[^\.\?]+(\/|\?)/i)) url=url.replace(/^http\:\/\//i,'http://www.').replace(/^https\:\/\//i,'https://www.'); return url; } // 袪械写懈褉械泻褌薪邪 url 褋 www function redirect_mode(){ if (0) return false; var url=document.location.href; var url2=get_with_www(url); if (url!=url2) { redirectMode=1; document.location.href=url2; }; }; redirect_mode(); $(document).ready(function(){ if (redirectMode) return false; $('#smpLoginForm').attr('action',get_with_www($('#smpLoginForm').attr('action'))); if ($('#BlockTaggedArticles').length==0) $('#BlockArticles').show(); if ($('#BlockTaggedReports').length==0) $('#BlockReports').show(); if ($('#BlockTaggedEvents').length==0) $('#BlockEvents').show(); if ($('#BlockTaggedNews').length==0 && $('#BlockNews a.hidden').length) $('#BlockNews').show(); modalAjaxDone (); $('a.a_link').each(function(n,el) { $(el).attr('href', $(el).attr('data-href')); }); $('#DOM_loading').hide(); $('#DOM_ready').show(); $('#reklama_links_1').css('height',$('#reklama_links_2').height()+'px'); $(window).resize(function(){ resize_win(); }); ysearch_focus(0); $('div.panel_left, div.panel_right').addClass('height100'); $('div.panel_left').prepend( '<div class="height100" style="position:absolute; left:0px; top:0px; z-index:2;'+ ' background:url(/img/tsphera/shadow_left.png) repeat-y left top; width:10px"></div>'+ '<a class="ui" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="this.blur(); return panel_hide()">'+ '<div class="height100" style="position:absolute; right:-14px; top:0px; z-index:2;'+ ' background:url(/img/tsphera/bg_bar_left.gif) repeat-y left top; width:14px">'+ '<img src="/img/tsphera/arrow_col_left.gif" width="6" height="9" alt=""'+ ' style="position:absolute; right:4px; top:327px; border:none" /></div></a>'+ '<div class="height100" style="position:absolute; right:-24px; top:0px;'+ ' background:url(/img/tsphera/shadow_left.png) repeat-y left top; width:10px"></div>' ); $('div.panel_right').prepend( '<div class="height100" style="position:absolute; right:0px; top:0px; z-index:2;'+ ' background:url(/img/tsphera/shadow_right.png) repeat-y right top; width:10px"></div>'+ '<a class="ui" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="this.blur(); return panel_hide()">'+ '<div class="height100" style="position:absolute; left:-14px; top:0px; z-index:2;'+ ' background:url(/img/tsphera/bg_bar_right.gif) repeat-y right top; width:14px">'+ '<img src="/img/tsphera/arrow_col_right.gif" width="6" height="9" alt=""'+ ' style="position:absolute; left:4px; top:327px; border:none" /></div></a>'+ '<div class="height100" style="position:absolute; left:-24px; top:0px;'+ ' background:url(/img/tsphera/shadow_right.png) repeat-y right top; width:10px"></div>' ); $('a.panel').attr('href','javascript:void(0)').click(function(){ var id=$(this).blur().attr('name'); var el=$('#'+id); var side = $(el).hasClass('panel_left') ? 'left' : 'right'; if ($(el).filter(':visible').length>0) { $(this).removeClass('lite'); $(el).animate(side=='left' ? {left:'39px'} : {right:'0px'},400,function(){ $(this).css('visibility','hidden'); $('#'+side+'_hidden_col').css('visibility','visible'); }); return false; }; $('a.panel').filter('.lite').removeClass('lite'); $(this).addClass('lite'); $('div.panel_left:visible').animate({left:'39px'},400,function(){ $(this).css('visibility','hidden'); if (side=='right') $('#left_hidden_col').css('visibility','visible'); resize_win(); }); $('div.panel_right:visible').animate({right:'0px'},400,function(){ $(this).css('visibility','hidden'); if (side=='left') $('#right_hidden_col').css('visibility','visible'); resize_win(); }); $('#'+side+'_hidden_col').css('visibility','hidden'); $(el).css('visibility','visible').animate(side=='left' ? {left:'191px'} : {right:'191px'}, 400, resize_win ); return false; }); setTimeout("resize_win()", 100); }); function panel_hide () { $('a.panel').filter('.lite').click(); return false; }; function resize_win() { var h=$('body').height(); $('.height100').css('min-height', '1px'); $.each($('.height100'),function(n,el){ var h2=$(el).height(); h=h<h2 ? h2 : h; }); $('.height100').css('min-height', h+'px'); }; // AJAX-蟹邪锌褉芯褋褋芯泻褉褘褌懈械屑懈芯斜薪芯胁谢械薪懈械屑屑芯写邪谢褜薪芯谐芯芯泻薪邪 function modalAjaxStart (url, params, func, nocancel, nowait) { if (!nowait && nocancel) { $('div.modalHeader div:first, div.modalFooter div:first').html(''); $('div.modalContent div:first').html('<div align="center"><img class="antibot_img middle" src="/img/tsphera/wait.gif" width="$CodeX;" height="$CodeY;" alt="" /></div>'); if ($('#superModalOverlay').css('display')=='none') superModalShow("#header=div.modalHeader;content=div.modalContent;footer=div.modalFooter;valign=middle;width=350;height=200;closeEsc=0"); superModalTune(); }; if (!nowait && !nocancel) { $('div.modalHeader div:first').html(''); $('div.modalContent div:first').html('<div align="center"><img class="antibot_img middle" src="/img/tsphera/wait.gif" width="$CodeX;" height="$CodeY;" alt="" /></div>'); $('div.modalFooter div:first').html('<input type="submit" onclick="modalAjaxDone(); return false" value=" 袨褌屑械薪邪 " />'); if ($('#superModalOverlay').css('display')=='none') superModalShow("#header=div.modalHeader;content=div.modalContent;footer=div.modalFooter;valign=middle;width=350;height=200;closeEsc=1"); superModalTune(modalAjaxDone); }; var el=$('div.modalContent div:first'); $.getJSON(url, params, function (obj) { if ($('div.modalContent').css('display')=='none') { modalAjaxDone(); if (typeof func === 'function') func(obj); return false; } if (obj.result!=0) { $('div.modalHeader div:first, div.modalFooter div:first').html(''); $('div.modalContent div:first').html('<div style="text-align:center"><span class="bigger2 error">袠蟹胁懈薪懈褌械, 胁薪褍褌褉械薪薪褟褟芯褕懈斜泻邪褋械褉胁械褉邪</span><span class="norm"><br><br><a class="ui" target="_top" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/">孝械褏薪芯褋褎械褉邪</a></span></div>'); if ($('#superModalOverlay').css('display')=='none') superModalShow("#header=div.modalHeader;content=div.modalContent;footer=div.modalFooter;valign=middle;width=500;height=250;closeEsc=1"); superModalTune(modalAjaxDone); return false; } if (obj.sgn==modalAjaxSgn) { if (obj.header!=='undefined') $('div.modalHeader div:first').html(obj.header); if (obj.content!=='undefined') $(el).html(obj.content); if (obj.footer!=='undefined') $('div.modalFooter div:first').html(obj.footer); superModalTune(modalAjaxDone); // $('div.modalHeader, div.modalContent, div.modalFooter').find('input').addClass('input_ie6hack'); }; if (typeof func === 'function') func(obj); }); return false; }; function modalAjaxDone () { modalAjaxSgn=-1; if ($('#superModalOverlay').css('display')!='none') superModalClose(); $('div.modalContent, div.modalHeader, div.modalFooter').remove(); $('<div class="modalHeader" style="display:none"><div style="padding:20px 20px 15px 20px" align="center"></div></div><div class="modalContent" style="display:none"><div style="padding:0 20px 0 20px"></div></div><div class="modalFooter" style="display:none"><div style="padding:20px 20px 20px 20px" align="center"></div></div>').appendTo('body'); return false; }; function superModalShowAndTune (w,h,esc) { superModalShow("#header=div.modalHeader;content=div.modalContent;footer=div.modalFooter;valign=middle;width="+w+";height="+h+";closeEsc="+esc); superModalTune(); }; function ysearch_focus(f) { if (f) $('#ysearch_div').css('background','#f5f5f5'); if (!f && !$('#ysearch_input').val().match(/\S/)) $('#ysearch_div').css('background','#f5f5f5 url(/img/tsphera/ysearch_small.gif) no-repeat 6px 6px'); }; function popup_arrow(o) { o=$(o).blur().find('img'); var s=$(o).attr('src'); $(o).attr('src','/img/tsphera/arrow_small_'+(s.match(/dn\.gif/) ? 'up' : 'dn')+'.gif'); resize_win(); return false; }; //]]></script> <style> div.smap { display:none; } </style> </head> <body>  <div style="display:none"> </div>  <div class="smap"><a href="/sitemap.xml">sitemap</a></div>  <script> $(document).ready(function(){ if (getCookie('lama_Cw')!='1') $('#CookieWarning').show(); }); function cookie_warning_off () { var date = new Date(new Date().getTime() + 365*24*60*60*1000); document.cookie = 'lama_Cw=1; path=/; expires=' + date.toUTCString(); }; </script> <div id="CookieWarning" style="display:none; position:fixed; left:0px; bottom:20px; right:0px; z-index:1000000000"> <div style="margin:auto; width:490px; padding:0 15px 0 15px; background:#333; border:#fff 1px solid"> <div style="float:left; width:388px; text-align:center; padding:15px 0 15px 0"><span class="smaller1" style="color:#999"> 袧邪褕褋邪泄褌懈褋锌芯谢褜蟹褍械褌 cookies. 袩褉芯写芯谢卸邪褟锌褉芯褋屑芯褌褉, 胁褘写邪褢褌械褋芯谐谢邪褋懈械薪邪芯斜褉邪斜芯褌泻褍锌械褉褋芯薪邪谢褜薪褘褏写邪薪薪褘褏懈褋芯谐谢邪褕邪械褌械褋褜褋薪邪褕械泄 <a href="/page/politica_sec" style="color:#999; text-decoration:underline">袩芯谢懈褌懈泻芯泄袣芯薪褎懈写械薪褑懈邪谢褜薪芯褋褌懈</a> </span></div> <div style="float:right; width:100px; text-align:right; padding:20px 0 5px 0"> <span class="smaller1" onclick="$('#CookieWarning').hide(); cookie_warning_off()" style="background:#555; border:#999 1px solid; display:inline-block; padding:8px 10px 8px 10px; color:#fff; cursor:pointer">小芯谐谢邪褋械薪</span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div></div>  <div id="DOM_loading" align="center"><br></div><div id="DOM_ready" align="center" style="display:none"><div style="width:970px; position:relative; left:0px; top:0px" align="left">  <div class="height100" align="left" style="width:190px; float:left; border-right:#969c9d 1px solid; background:#fff url(/img/tsphera/bg_1.jpg) no-repeat left top; position:relative; left:0px; top:0xp; z-index:4">   <div style="padding:6px 10px 15px 16px"><span class="smaller1"> <div style="float:left"><a class="title ui" target="_top" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/">谐谢邪胁薪邪褟</a></div> <div style="float:right" align="right"><a class="title ui" target="_top" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/tsphera_en?lang=en"><img src="/img/tsphera/lang_en.png" style="width:23px; height:14px; border:none; margin-right:4px; vertical-align:middle" alt="" />eng</a></div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </span></div>      <script> function ysearch_submit() { var f=document.yandex_search_form; f.searchid.value= $(f).find('input[name=yandex_search_area]:checked').val()=='1' ? 1510549 : 2065407; f.submit(); return false; }; </script> <div style="padding:0px 10px 10px 16px"> <form name="yandex_search_form" method="get" action="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/ysearch" onsubmit="return ysearch_submit()"> <input type="hidden" name="searchid" value="1510549" /> <span class="smaller1 std">袩芯懈褋泻:</span> <div id="ysearch_div" style="border:#c8c8c8 1px solid; padding:3px 5px 3px 5px; background:#f5f5f5"> <input type="text" id="ysearch_input" name="text" onfocus="ysearch_focus(true)" onblur="ysearch_focus(false)" class="middle" maxlength="255" style="width:150px; background:transparent; border:none; font-size:12px; color:#000" value="" /></div> <div style="height:3px"></div> <span class="smaller2 std middle"> <label class="middle"><input name="yandex_search_area" class="box" type="radio" value="2" checked="checked" /> 薪邪褋邪泄褌械孝械褏薪芯褋褎械褉邪</label><br> <label class="middle"><input name="yandex_search_area" class="box" type="radio" value="1" /> 薪邪胁褋械褏褋邪泄褌邪褏袪袠笑</label> </span> </form> </div>    <div style="padding:0px 10px 10px 15px" align="right"><span class="bigger1 std"> <span class="smaller1"><a class="panel title ui" name="panel_auth">袙褏芯写</a></span> <div style="height:20px"></div> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/tsphera_about">袨泻芯屑锌邪薪懈懈</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="panel title ui" name="panel_journals">袞褍褉薪邪谢褘</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="panel title ui" name="panel_books_menu">袣薪懈谐懈</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="panel title ui" name="panel_menu_mediadata">袦械写懈邪写邪薪薪褘械</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="panel title ui" name="panel_menu_policy">袪械写邪泻褑懈芯薪薪邪褟锌芯谢懈褌懈泻邪</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="panel title ui" name="panel_menu_adv">袪械泻谢邪屑邪</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="panel title ui" name="panel_menu_contacts">袣芯薪褌邪泻褌褘</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> </span></div>     <script> var socialnet_count=0; function socialnet_add (site, title, src, href, name) { if (site!='tsphera' && site!='*') return false; if (!name) name=''; socialnet_count++; if (socialnet_count==1) document.write('<div align="left" style="padding:0 5px 10px 15px"><span class="smaller1" style="vertical-align:middle">'); document.write( '<a class="ui" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="'+href+'"><img src="'+src+'" title="'+title+'" alt="" style="display:inline-block; width:24px; height:24px; border:none; margin:5px; vertical-align:middle" /> '+name+'</a><br>' ); }; // 袣芯屑邪薪写褘写谢褟褉邪蟹屑械褖械薪懈褟褋褋褘谢芯泻胁胁芯写懈褌械薪懈卸械 (胁褋褢, 褔褌芯胁褘褕械 - 薪械褉械写邪泻褌懈褉芯胁邪褌褜!): socialnet_add( '*', 'Telegram', '/files/page_attach/0/53.png', 'https://t.me/TS_pub', 'TS_pub' ); socialnet_add( '*', '袙袣芯薪褌邪泻褌械', '/files/page_attach/0/51.png', 'https://www.vk.com/technospheramag', 'technospheramag' ); socialnet_add( '*', '袨写薪芯泻谢邪褋褋薪懈泻懈', '/files/page_attach/0/52.png', 'https://ok.ru/group/53337117491357', 'technospheramag' ); socialnet_add( '*', 'Youtube', '/files/page_attach/0/48.png', 'https://www.youtube.com/c/孝袝啸袧袨小肖袝袪袗_袪袠笑', '孝袝啸袧袨小肖袝袪袗_袪袠笑' ); if (socialnet_count>0) document.write('</span></div>');  </script>     <div style="padding:0px 10px 10px 20px" align="left"><span class="smaller1 std"> © 2001-2024<br> <a class="ui" target="_top" href="https://www.technosphera.ru">袪袠笑孝械褏薪芯褋褎械褉邪</a><br> 袙褋械锌褉邪胁邪蟹邪褖懈褖械薪褘<br> 孝械谢. +7 (495) 234-0110<br> <a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/OFERTA">袨褎械褉褌邪</a> <br /> <br />  <a href="https://metrika.yandex.ru/stat/?id=10321768&from=informer" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://informer.yandex.ru/informer/10321768/3_1_FFFFFFFF_EFEFEFFF_0_pageviews" style="width:88px; height:31px; border:0;" alt="携薪写械泻褋.袦械褌褉懈泻邪" title="携薪写械泻褋.袦械褌褉懈泻邪: 写邪薪薪褘械蟹邪褋械谐芯写薪褟 (锌褉芯褋屑芯褌褉褘, 胁懈蟹懈褌褘懈褍薪懈泻邪谢褜薪褘械锌芯褋械褌懈褌械谢懈)" class="ym-advanced-informer" data-cid="10321768" data-lang="ru" /></a>   <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(10321768, "init", { clickmap:true, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/10321768" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>  <br> <a href="http://r8w.ru"> R&W</a> </span></div>  </div>   <div id="left_hidden_col" class="height100" style="width:22px; float:left; position:relative; left:0px; top:0px; background:#d0cecf url(/img/tsphera/bg_bar_left.gif) repeat-y right top; z-index:2">  <div class="height100" style="position:absolute; right:-10px; top:0px; background:url(/img/tsphera/shadow_left.png) repeat-y left top; width:10px"></div> </div>   <div class="height100" align="left" style="width:190px; float:right; border-left:#969c9d 1px solid; background:#fff url(/img/tsphera/bg_2.jpg) no-repeat right top; position:relative; left:0px; top:0xp; z-index:4"> <div style="padding:0px 3px 10px 15px" align="left">  <div style="height:20px"></div>     <div style="padding-bottom:25px; position:relative; left:0px; top:0px"><a class="astext ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/order/"><img src="/img/tsphera/icon_order_tsphera.gif" width="150" height="44" border="0" alt="" /><span class="norm" style="display:block; position:absolute; left:0px; top:25px">胁褘斜褉邪薪芯泻薪懈谐: <span id="basket_resume_count">0</span> </span></a></div>   <div style="padding-bottom:25px; position:relative; left:0px; top:0px"> <img src="/img/tsphera/icon_subscr_tsphera.png" style="display:block; width:129px; height:20px; border:none" alt="" /> <div style="height:5px"></div> <a class="astext ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/journal/order/"><img src="/img/tsphera/icon_subscr_paper_tsphera.png" style="display:block; width:156px; height:16px; border:none" alt="" /></a> <div style="height:3px"></div> <a class="astext ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/journal/order/?digit=1"><img src="/img/tsphera/icon_subscr_digit_tsphera.png" style="display:block; width:124px; height:16px; border:none" alt="" /></a> <div style="height:3px"></div> <a class="astext ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/account/?act=dlv"><img src="/img/tsphera/icon_subscr_news_tsphera.png" style="display:block; width:60px; height:16px; border:none" alt="" /></a> </div>   <span class="bigger1"><a class="panel title ui" name="panel_books_hits">啸懈褌褘锌褉芯写邪卸</a></span> <div style="height:25px"></div>   <span class="bigger1 std">小械褉懈懈泻薪懈谐</span> <span class="smaller1"> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_22"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/22">袘懈斜谢懈芯褌械泻邪袠薪褋褌懈褌褍褌邪褋褌褉邪褌械谐懈泄褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈褟</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_1"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/1">袦懈褉屑邪褌械屑邪褌懈泻懈</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_2"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/2">袦懈褉褎懈蟹懈泻懈懈褌械褏薪懈泻懈</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_3"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/3">袦懈褉斜懈芯谢芯谐懈懈懈屑械写懈褑懈薪褘</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_4"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/4">袦懈褉褏懈屑懈懈</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_5"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/5">袦懈褉薪邪褍泻芯袟械屑谢械</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_6"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/6">袦懈褉屑邪褌械褉懈邪谢芯胁懈褌械褏薪芯谢芯谐懈泄</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_7"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/7">袦懈褉褝谢械泻褌褉芯薪懈泻懈</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_8"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/8">袦懈褉锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_9"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/9">袦懈褉褋胁褟蟹懈</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_10"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/10">袦懈褉褋褌褉芯懈褌械谢褜褋褌胁邪</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_11"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/11">袦懈褉褑懈褎褉芯胁芯泄芯斜褉邪斜芯褌泻懈</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_12"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/12">袦懈褉褝泻芯薪芯屑懈泻懈</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_13"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/13">袦懈褉写懈蟹邪泄薪邪</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_14"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/14">袦懈褉褍胁谢械褔械薪懈泄</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_15"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/15">袦懈褉褉芯斜芯褌芯褌械褏薪懈泻懈懈屑械褏邪褌褉芯薪懈泻懈</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_16"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/16">袛谢褟泻芯褎械泄薪懈泻芯胁</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_17"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/17">袦懈褉褉邪写懈芯褝谢械泻褌褉芯薪懈泻懈</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_18"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/18">袘懈斜谢懈芯褌械褔泻邪芦袣袙袗袧孝禄</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_19"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/19">校屑薪褘泄写芯屑</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_20"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/20">袦懈褉芯胁褘械斜褉械薪写褘</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_21"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/21">袙薪械褋械褉懈泄</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_23"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/23">袘懈斜谢懈芯褌械泻邪泻谢懈屑邪褌械褏薪懈泻邪</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_24"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/24">袦懈褉褌褉邪薪褋锌芯褉褌邪</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_25"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/25">袦懈褉褎芯褌芯薪懈泻懈</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_26"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/26">袦懈褉褋褌邪薪泻芯褋褌褉芯械薪懈褟</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_27"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/27">袦懈褉屑械褌褉芯谢芯谐懈懈</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_28"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/28">袦懈褉褝薪械褉谐械褌懈泻懈</a></span> <div style="height:2px"></div> <span id="lib_title_29"><a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/29">袣薪懈谐懈, 懈蟹写邪薪薪褘械锌褉懈锌芯写写械褉卸泻械袪肖肖袠</a></span> </span> <div style="height:25px"></div>                <div id="BlockNews" style="display:none"> <span class="bigger1 std">袧芯胁芯褋褌懈</span> <span class="smaller1 std">  // <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/news/">胁褋械薪芯胁芯褋褌懈</a></span> <div style="height:8px"></div> <span class="smaller3 gray">21.11.2024</span><br> <span class="smaller1"><a class="hidden" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/news/11809">袙褘褕谢芯胁褌芯褉芯械懈褋锌褉邪胁谢械薪薪芯械懈蟹写邪薪懈械泻薪懈谐懈袙.袙. 楔锌邪泻邪芦袪邪蟹胁懈褌懈械褝谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪芯泄锌褉芯屑褘褕谢械薪薪芯褋褌懈袪芯褋褋懈懈胁褍褋谢芯胁懈褟褏屑械薪褟褞褖械谐芯褋褟屑懈褉邪禄</a></span> <div style="height:8px"></div> <span class="smaller3 gray">18.11.2024</span><br> <span class="smaller1"><a class="hidden" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/news/11806">袠褌芯谐懈褞斜懈谢械泄薪芯谐芯袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯谐芯褎芯褉褍屑邪芦袦懈泻褉芯褝谢械泻褌褉芯薪懈泻邪 2024禄</a></span> <div style="height:25px"></div></div>           </div> </div>   <div id="right_hidden_col" class="height100" style="width:22px; float:right; position:relative; left:0px; top:0px; background:#d0cecf url(/img/tsphera/bg_bar_right.gif) repeat-y left top; z-index:2">  <div class="height100" style="position:absolute; left:-10px; top:0px; background:url(/img/tsphera/shadow_right.png) repeat-y right top; width:10px"></div> </div>    <div id="panel_auth" class="panel_left"> <div style="padding-top:60px" align="center"><span class="norm std"> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ function smpValidLoginForm() { var v={ status: 0 }; var f=document.smpLoginForm; if (!f.login_email.value.match(/\S/) || !f.login_password.value.match(/\S/)) v.status=1; return v; }; function do_login() { var res=smpValidLoginForm(); if (res.status==1) $('#login_alert').html('袙胁械写懈褌械 e-mail 懈锌邪褉芯谢褜'); return res.status==0; }; //]]></script> <span class="bigger2">袙褏芯写:</span><br><br> <form name="smpLoginForm" id="smpLoginForm" method="post" action="https://www.technosphera.ru/account/" onsubmit="return do_login()"> <input type="hidden" name="act" value="login" /><input type="hidden" name="redirect" value="/lib/8/?sort=title_dn&p=1" /> 袙邪褕 e-mail:<br> <input type="text" name="login_email" class="smaller1" maxlength="64" value="" style="width:90px" onfocus="$('#login_alert').html(' ')" /> <div style="height:10px"></div> 袩邪褉芯谢褜:<br> <input type="password" name="login_password" autocomplete="off" class="smaller1" maxlength="64" value="" style="width:90px" onfocus="$('#login_alert').html(' ')" /> <div style="height:10px"></div> <span class="smaller1"><div><label><input type="checkbox" class="box" name="login_store" value="1" /> - 蟹邪锌芯屑薪懈褌褜屑械薪褟</label></div></span> <div style="height:10px"></div> <input type="submit" class="button_smaller1" value=" 袙芯泄褌懈 " /> <div style="height:10px"></div> <span id="login_alert" class="smaller1 error"> </span> <div style="height:20px"></div> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/account/reg/">袪械谐懈褋褌褉邪褑懈褟</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/account/password/">袟邪斜褘谢懈锌邪褉芯谢褜?</a> </form> </span></div></div>     <div id="panel_books_menu" class="panel_left"> <div style="padding-top:60px" align="center"><span class="norm std"> <span class="bigger2">袣薪懈谐懈:</span><br><br> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/books_about">袠蟹写邪褌械谢褜褋褌胁芯</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/new/">袧芯胁懈薪泻懈</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="colored ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/how_to_publish_book">袣邪泻懈蟹写邪褌褜泻薪懈谐褍</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/">袩褉邪泄褋-谢懈褋褌</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/stores">袚写械泻褍锌懈褌褜</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> </span></div></div>           <div id="panel_menu_mediadata" class="panel_left"> <div style="padding-top:60px" align="center"><span class="norm std"> <span class="bigger2">袦械写懈邪写邪薪薪褘械:</span><br><br> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/founder">校褔褉械写懈褌械谢褜</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/1890">袠蟹写邪褌械谢褜</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> </span></div></div> <div id="panel_menu_policy" class="panel_left"> <div style="padding-top:60px" align="center"><span class="norm std"> <span class="bigger2">袪械写邪泻褑懈芯薪薪邪褟锌芯谢懈褌懈泻邪:</span><br><br> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/1885">袪械写邪泻褑懈芯薪薪邪褟锌芯谢懈褌懈泻邪袪袠笑芦孝袝啸袧袨小肖袝袪袗禄</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> </span></div></div> <div id="panel_menu_adv" class="panel_left"> <div style="padding-top:60px" align="center"><span class="norm std"> <span class="bigger2">袪械泻谢邪屑邪:</span><br><br> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/book_ads">袪械泻谢邪屑邪胁泻薪懈谐邪褏</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/ads_team">袨褌写械谢褉械泻谢邪屑褘</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> </span></div></div> <div id="panel_menu_authors" class="panel_left"> <div style="padding-top:60px" align="center"><span class="norm std"> <span class="bigger2">袗胁褌芯褉邪屑:</span><br><br> </span></div></div> <div id="panel_menu_contacts" class="panel_left"> <div style="padding-top:60px" align="center"><span class="norm std"> <span class="bigger2">袣芯薪褌邪泻褌褘:</span><br><br> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/map">袗写褉械褋</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/page/dep_adv_books">袠蟹写邪褌械谢褜褋褌胁芯</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" href="/feedback/">袧邪锌懈褋邪褌褜锌懈褋褜屑芯</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> </span></div></div>     <div id="panel_journals" class="panel_left"> <div style="padding-top:60px" align="center"><span class="norm std"> <span class="bigger2">袞褍褉薪邪谢褘:</span><br><br> <a class="title ui" target="_top" href="https://www.electronics.ru/">协谢械泻褌褉芯薪懈泻邪袧孝袘</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" target="_top" href="https://www.nanoindustry.su/">袧邪薪芯懈薪写褍褋褌褉懈褟</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" target="_top" href="https://www.lastmile.su/">袩械褉胁邪褟屑懈谢褟</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" target="_top" href="https://www.photonics.su/">肖芯褌芯薪懈泻邪</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" target="_top" href="https://www.j-analytics.ru/">袗薪邪谢懈褌懈泻邪</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> <a class="title ui" target="_top" href="https://www.stankoinst.ru/">小褌邪薪泻芯懈薪褋褌褉褍屑械薪褌</a> <div style="height:10px"></div> </span></div></div>       <div id="panel_books_hits" class="panel_right"> <div style="padding-top:60px" align="center"> <span class="bigger2 std">啸懈褌褘锌褉芯写邪卸</span> <div style="padding:20px 3px 0px 0px" align="left"> <div style="float:left" align="right"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/724"><img src="/images/ready/22/613_179819.jpg" width="65" height="90" border="0" alt="" /></a><br> <span class="smaller3"><a class="more" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/724">褔懈褌邪褌褜泻薪懈谐褍</a></span></div> <div style="float:right; width:132px; padding-top:5px"> <span class="smaller2 gray">袙.袧. 袩芯屑芯谐邪泄斜懈薪</span> <div style="height:8px"></div> <span class="smaller1"><a class="hidden" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/724">袠褋褌芯褉懈褟锌褋懈褏芯谢芯谐懈懈: 褝胁芯谢褞褑懈褟芯褋薪芯胁. 袙褌芯褉芯械懈蟹写邪薪懈械, 懈褋锌褉邪胁谢械薪薪芯械懈写芯锌芯谢薪械薪薪芯械</a></span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <div style="padding:20px 3px 0px 0px" align="left"> <div style="float:left" align="right"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/727"><img src="/images/ready/22/504_687711.jpg" width="65" height="90" border="0" alt="" /></a><br> <span class="smaller3"><a class="more" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/727">褔懈褌邪褌褜泻薪懈谐褍</a></span></div> <div style="float:right; width:132px; padding-top:5px"> <span class="smaller2 gray">楔锌邪泻袙.袙.</span> <div style="height:8px"></div> <span class="smaller1"><a class="hidden" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/727">袪邪蟹胁懈褌懈械褝谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪芯泄锌褉芯屑褘褕谢械薪薪芯褋褌懈袪芯褋褋懈懈胁褍褋谢芯胁懈褟褏屑械薪褟褞褖械谐芯褋褟屑懈褉邪, 2-械懈褋锌褉邪胁谢械薪薪芯械懈蟹写邪薪懈械</a></span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> </div></div>        <div class="height100" align="left" style="width:540px; overflow:visible; float:left; position:relative; left:0px; top:0px; z-index:1"><div align="left" style="width:544px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; left:0px; top:0px; background:#fff url(/img/tsphera/bg_logo_tsphera.jpg) no-repeat left top"><a class="ui" target="_top" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/"><div style="height:136px"></div></a>   <div style="height:50px"></div>   <div class="title"><span class="bigger3 std"> 小械褉懈褟 "袦懈褉锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟" </span></div>  <div class="content"> <div style="padding-top:20px"><span class="bigger1 std">袙褋械褉懈懈泻薪懈谐芦袦懈褉锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟禄锌褉械写褋褌邪胁谢械薪褘泻薪懈谐懈锌芯褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪褘屑邪褋锌械泻褌邪屑锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟懈懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褌懈泻懈.</span></div> <div style="padding:30px 0 20px 0" align="center"> <span class="smaller1 gray middle">小芯褉褌懈褉芯胁邪褌褜:     <a href="/lib/8/?sort=date_up">写邪褌邪懈蟹写邪薪懈褟</a>     <a href="/lib/8/?sort=title_up">薪邪蟹胁邪薪懈械 <img class="middle" src="/img/tsphera/arrow_small_dn.gif" width="8" height="7" border="0" alt="" /></a>     <a href="/lib/8/?sort=author_dn">邪胁褌芯褉</a>     <a href="/lib/8/?sort=price_dn">褑械薪邪</a> </div> <div style="background:#e6e6e6; height:5px"> </div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/8"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/674_146234.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">袦邪泻泻芯薪薪械谢谢袛卸.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/8">袗薪邪谢懈蟹邪谢谐芯褉懈褌屑芯胁. 袗泻褌懈胁薪褘泄芯斜褍褔邪褞褖懈泄锌芯写褏芯写. 3-械写芯锌芯谢薪械薪薪芯械懈蟹写邪薪懈械</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> 660 褉褍斜.</span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/296"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/22/763_618525.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">啸邪谐谐邪褉褌懈袪.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/296">袛懈褋泻褉械褌薪邪褟屑邪褌械屑邪褌懈泻邪写谢褟锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑懈褋褌芯胁. 2-械懈蟹写邪薪懈械, 懈褋锌褉邪胁谢械薪薪芯械</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> 583 褉褍斜.</span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/150"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/676_589874.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">袥褍械薪斜械褉谐械褉袛褝胁懈写袛卸.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/150">袠薪褎芯褉屑邪褌懈泻邪</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> </span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/289"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/677_215188.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">袚褍斜邪褉械胁袙.袙.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/289">袠薪褎芯褉屑邪褌懈泻邪: 锌褉芯褕谢芯械, 薪邪褋褌芯褟褖械械, 斜褍写褍褖械械</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> 475 褉褍斜.</span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/152"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/678_626843.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">小懈褉芯褌邪袗. 袗.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/152">袣芯屑锌褜褞褌械褉薪芯械屑芯写械谢懈褉芯胁邪薪懈械懈芯褑械薪泻邪褝褎褎械泻褌懈胁薪芯褋褌懈褋谢芯卸薪褘褏褋懈褋褌械屑</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> </span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/155"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/679_116239.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">小屑邪褉褌袧.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/155">袣褉懈锌褌芯谐褉邪褎懈褟.</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> </span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/290"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/680_537164.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">袦邪褌褞褕泻懈薪袠.袙.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/290">袦芯写械谢懈褉芯胁邪薪懈械懈胁懈蟹褍邪谢懈蟹邪褑懈褟褋褉械写褋褌胁邪屑懈 MATLAB</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> 370 褉褍斜.</span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/151"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/681_572990.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">小械褉写褞泻袙.袗.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/151">袧芯胁芯械胁蟹邪褖懈褌械芯褌胁蟹谢芯屑邪泻芯褉锌芯褉邪褌懈胁薪褘褏褋懈褋褌械屑</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> </span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/565"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/682_11059.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">袚邪褉懈褎褍谢谢懈薪袦.肖.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/565">袨斜褉邪斜芯褌泻邪褌械泻褋褌芯胁芯泄懈谐褉邪褎懈褔械褋泻芯泄懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈懈</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> </span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="float:left; padding-top:30px"><a href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/154"><img class="image" src="/images/ready/12/683_199586.jpg" width="75" height="100" alt="" /></a></div> <div style="float:right; width:415px; padding-top:35px"> <span class="norm gray">袙械褉薪械褉袦.</span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="bigger1"><b><a class="title" href="https://www.technosphera.ru/lib/book/154">袨褋薪芯胁褘泻芯写懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟. 校褔械斜薪懈泻写谢褟袙校袟芯胁</a></b></span> <div style="height:4px"></div> <span class="norm colored"> </span> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <style> div.pages div.cur, div.pages a.item { display:block; float:left; padding:5px 8px 5px 8px; text-decoration:none; margin-right:6px; } div.pages a.num { background:#e0e0e0; color:#000; border:#aaa 1px solid; } div.pages a.num:hover { background:#000; color:#fff; text-decoration:none; } </style> <div class="pages" style="padding-top:40px"> <span class="norm std"> <div class="cur">1</div> <a class="item num" href="/lib/8/?sort=title_dn&p=2">2</a> <a class="item num" href="/lib/8/?sort=title_dn&p=2">→</a> </span><div style="clear:left"></div></div>  </div> <div style="clear:both; height:30px"></div> </div></div> <div style="clear:both"></div>  </div></div> <div class="ghost"> 袪邪蟹褉邪斜芯褌泻邪: 褋褌褍写懈褟 <a href="http://www.zelenodolsk.ru">Green Art</a> </div> </body></html>

CINXE.COM

孝械褏薪芯褋褎械褉邪 - 袦懈褉 锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟

孝械褏薪芯褋褎械褉邪 - 袦懈褉锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟