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<div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Namn_och_benämning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namn_och_benämning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Namn och benämning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namn_och_benämning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allmänt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allmänt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Allmänt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allmänt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Historia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uppväxt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uppväxt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Uppväxt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uppväxt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arbete" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arbete"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Arbete</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arbete-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allians_om_rättvisa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allians_om_rättvisa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Allians om rättvisa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allians_om_rättvisa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Giftermål" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giftermål"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Giftermål</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giftermål-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tvisten_om_Den_svarta_stenen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tvisten_om_Den_svarta_stenen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Tvisten om Den svarta stenen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tvisten_om_Den_svarta_stenen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uppenbarelsen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uppenbarelsen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Uppenbarelsen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uppenbarelsen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spekulationer_om_Muhammeds_visioner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spekulationer_om_Muhammeds_visioner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Spekulationer om Muhammeds visioner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spekulationer_om_Muhammeds_visioner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>Budskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senare_giftermål" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senare_giftermål"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Senare giftermål</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senare_giftermål-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budskapets_politiska_innebörd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budskapets_politiska_innebörd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Budskapets politiska innebörd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budskapets_politiska_innebörd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islams_tidiga_år" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islams_tidiga_år"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Islams tidiga år</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islams_tidiga_år-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhammeds_himmelsfärd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammeds_himmelsfärd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Muhammeds himmelsfärd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muhammeds_himmelsfärd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utvandringen_till_Medina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utvandringen_till_Medina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Utvandringen till Medina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utvandringen_till_Medina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Förhållande_till_judarna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Förhållande_till_judarna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Förhållande till judarna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Förhållande_till_judarna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Segern_över_Mecka_och_Muhammeds_sista_år" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Segern_över_Mecka_och_Muhammeds_sista_år"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>Segern över Mecka och Muhammeds sista år</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Segern_över_Mecka_och_Muhammeds_sista_år-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Muhammeds_insjuknande" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammeds_insjuknande"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13.1</span> <span>Muhammeds insjuknande</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muhammeds_insjuknande-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhammeds_efterträdare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammeds_efterträdare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>Muhammeds efterträdare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muhammeds_efterträdare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhammeds_släktträd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammeds_släktträd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Muhammeds släktträd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muhammeds_släktträd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhammeds_hustrur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammeds_hustrur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Muhammeds hustrur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Muhammeds_hustrur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Muhammeds hustrur</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Muhammeds_hustrur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lista_över_hustrur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lista_över_hustrur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Lista över hustrur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lista_över_hustrur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lista_över_konkubiner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lista_över_konkubiner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Lista över konkubiner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lista_över_konkubiner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muslimers_syn_på_Muhammed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muslimers_syn_på_Muhammed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Muslimers syn på Muhammed</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Muslimers_syn_på_Muhammed-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Muslimers syn på Muhammed</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Muslimers_syn_på_Muhammed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Avbildande_av_Muhammed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avbildande_av_Muhammed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Avbildande av Muhammed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avbildande_av_Muhammed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enligt_imamiter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enligt_imamiter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Enligt imamiter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enligt_imamiter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Icke-muslimers_syn_på_Muhammed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Icke-muslimers_syn_på_Muhammed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Icke-muslimers syn på Muhammed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Icke-muslimers_syn_på_Muhammed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Källor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Källor</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tryckta_källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tryckta_källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Tryckta källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tryckta_källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Webbkällor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Webbkällor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Webbkällor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Webbkällor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källhänvisningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källhänvisningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Källhänvisningar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källhänvisningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidare_läsning_om_Muhammed_på_svenska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidare_läsning_om_Muhammed_på_svenska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Vidare läsning om Muhammed på svenska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidare_läsning_om_Muhammed_på_svenska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammed</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 221 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-221" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">221 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – acehnesiska" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehnesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%83%D1%8D_%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="ТхьэлӀыкӀуэ Мыхьэмэд – kabardinska" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ТхьэлӀыкӀуэ Мыхьэмэд" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D3%8F%D1%8B%D0%BA%D3%8F%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Тхьэлӏыкӏо Мыхьэмэт – adygeiska" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тхьэлӏыкӏо Мыхьэмэт" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%90%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B5" title="መሐመድ – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሐመድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – fornengelska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornengelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%A1%DC%95" title="ܡܘܚܡܕ – arameiska" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܘܚܡܕ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মুহাম্মাদ – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মুহাম্মাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%B3ma" title="Maóma – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Maóma" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="МухӀаммад – avariska" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="МухӀаммад" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d" title="Məhəmməd – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məhəmməd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="حضرت محمد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حضرت محمد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মুহাম্মাদ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুহাম্মাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – banjariska" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_(%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%B9%D2%93%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Мөхәммәт (Пәйғәмбәр) – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мөхәммәт (Пәйғәмбәр)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Магамет – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Магамет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мухамад – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мухамад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мохамед – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мохамед" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="མུ་ཧ་མད། – tibetanska" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མུ་ཧ་མད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomed" title="Mahomed – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mahomed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухаммет пихампар – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мухаммет пихампар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magumetu" title="Magumetu – korsikanska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Magumetu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – marockansk arabiska" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marockansk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%99%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%8B%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC%DE%8A%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA" title="މުޙައްމަދުގެފާނު – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މުޙައްމަދުގެފާނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A9ammad" title="Muḩammad – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Muḩammad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8" title="Μωάμεθ – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μωάμεθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamedo" title="Mohamedo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mohamedo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – extremaduriska" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremaduriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelaa%C9%97o_Muhammadu" title="Nelaaɗo Muhammadu – fulani" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Nelaaɗo Muhammadu" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamad" title="Mahamad – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mahamad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahommad" title="Mahommad – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Mahommad" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – gagauziska" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – skotsk gaeliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gaeliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухьаммад Пайхамар – ingusjiska" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Мухьаммад Пайхамар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A6" title="મુહમ્મદ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મુહમ્મદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌼𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌼𐌰𐌳 – gotiska" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌼𐌰𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%ED%95%A8%EB%A7%88%EB%93%9C" title="무함마드 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무함마드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohameka" title="Mohameka – hawaiiska" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mohameka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Մուհամմադ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուհամմադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%C3%A6%D1%85%C3%A6%D0%BC%C3%A6%D1%82" title="Мæхæмæт – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мæхæмæт" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAhame%C3%B0" title="Múhameð – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Múhameð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maometto" title="Maometto – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maometto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93" title="מוחמד – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוחמד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukamad" title="Mukamad – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mukamad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮುಹಮ್ಮದ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುಹಮ್ಮದ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მაჰმადი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაჰმადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%AD%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%AF" title="مُحَمَّد – kashmiriska" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مُحَمَّد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мұхаммед – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұхаммед" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomm" title="Mahomm – korniska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mahomm" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhemmed" title="Muhemmed – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Muhemmed" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухаммед пайгамбар – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мухаммед пайгамбар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D3%8F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Мухӏаммад идавс – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Мухӏаммад идавс" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahometus" title="Mahometus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mahometus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhameds" title="Muhameds – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Muhameds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мугьаммад – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мугьаммад" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahometas" title="Mahometas – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mahometas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeamed" title="Moeamed – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Moeamed" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_pr%C3%B3f%C3%A9ta" title="Mohamed próféta – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mohamed próféta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – maduresiska" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduresiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухамед – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мухамед" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamady" title="Mohamady – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mohamady" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="മുഹമ്മദ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുഹമ്മദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%A7ammed" title="Muħammed – maltesiska" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Muħammed" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मोहम्मद – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोहम्मद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მაჰმადი – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაჰმადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maom%C3%A9" title="Maomé – mirandesiska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Maomé" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="မိုဟာမက် – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုဟာမက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मोहम्मद – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोहम्मद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – newariska" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%83%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95" title="ムハンマド・イブン＝アブドゥッラーフ – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムハンマド・イブン＝アブドゥッラーフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mametto" title="Mametto – napolitanska" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mametto" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%98%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߡߊ߬ߡߊߘߌ߫ – n-kå" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߊ߬ߡߊߘߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n-kå" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мухьаммад – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мухьаммад" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мохаммад – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мохаммад" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A6" title="ମହମ୍ମଦ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମହମ୍ମଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A" title="មហាម៉េដ – kambodjanska" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មហាម៉េដ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kambodjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroumet" title="Maroumet – pikardiska" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Maroumet" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maom%C3%A9" title="Maomé – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maomé" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muxammed" title="Muxammed – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Muxammed" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – krimtatariska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomed" title="Mahomed – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mahomed" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Могамед – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Могамед" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83h%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Муhаммед – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Муhаммед" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhanmute" title="Muhanmute – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Muhanmute" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D" title="मुहम्मद् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुहम्मद्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoma" title="Maoma – sardinska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Maoma" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammedi" title="Muhammedi – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muhammedi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maumettu" title="Maumettu – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Maumettu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F" title="මහම්මද්තුමා – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහම්මද්තුමා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebi_Maxamed_c.s" title="Nebi Maxamed c.s – somaliska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nebi Maxamed c.s" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF" title="محەممەد – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="محەممەد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухамед – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мухамед" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="முகம்மது நபி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முகம்மது நபி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad" title="Muḥammad – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Muḥammad" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5emmed" title="Muḥemmed – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Muḥemmed" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_%D0%BF%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мөхәммәт пәйгамбәр – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мөхәммәт пәйгамбәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4" title="ముహమ్మద్ ప్రవక్త – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముహమ్మద్ ప్రవక్త" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="มุฮัมมัด – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มุฮัมมัด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Муҳаммад – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳаммад" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – turkmeniska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muwamet" title="Muwamet – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Muwamet" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Магомет – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Магомет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81" title="محمد بن عبد اللہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محمد بن عبد اللہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%87%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D9%8A%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="مۇھەممەد ئەلەيھىسسالام – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مۇھەممەد ئەلەيھىسسالام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maometo" title="Maometo – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Maometo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawoumet" title="Mawoumet – vallonska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mawoumet" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – litterär kineiska" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="litterär kineiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93" title="מוכאמאד – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מוכאמאד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9h%E1%BB%8D%CC%81m%C3%A1d%C3%B9" title="Mùhọ́mádù – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mùhọ́mádù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="模罕默德 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="模罕默德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1hemmed" title="Mıhemmed – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mıhemmed" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27ammed" title="Mo'ammed – zeeländska" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Mo'ammed" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahuomets" title="Mahuomets – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mahuomets" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – betawiska" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet_Mohammed" title="Prophet Mohammed – Southern Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Prophet Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Southern Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Muhammad" title="Nabi Muhammad – centraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Nabi Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="centraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – ibanska" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" 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data-title="ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="marockansk standard-tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9458#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Muhammed" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><div class="noexcerpt noprint hanvisning_bas hatnote"> <dl><dd><i>Uppslagsordet ”Muhammad” leder hit.  För andra betydelser av Muhammad eller Muhammed, se <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_(olika_betydelser)" class="mw-disambig" title="Muhammad (olika betydelser)">Muhammad (olika betydelser)</a>.  </i></dd></dl></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" cellspacing="3" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.6em;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="fn">Muhammed ibn Abdullah</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh,_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png/250px-Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png/375px-Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png/500px-Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png 2x" data-file-width="5877" data-file-height="4374" /></a></span> <div style="">Muhammed (till höger) får sin första uppenbarelse från ängeln <a href="/wiki/%C3%84rke%C3%A4ngeln_Gabriel" title="Ärkeängeln Gabriel">Gabriel</a>. Miniatyr på <a href="/wiki/Pergament" title="Pergament">pergament</a> från <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jami%27_al-Tawarikh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jami' al-Tawarikh [inte skriven än]">Jami' al-Tawarikh</a> av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rashid_al-Din&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rashid al-Din [inte skriven än]">Rashid al-Din</a>, författad i <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, Persien, 1307. Handskriften finns idag på <a href="/wiki/Edinburghs_universitet" title="Edinburghs universitet">Edinburghs universitet</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style="">Omkring 570<br /><a href="/wiki/Mecka" title="Mecka">Mecka</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Död</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/8_juni" title="8 juni">8 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Språk</th><td class="kategori" style=""><a href="/wiki/Arabiska" title="Arabiska">Arabiska</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Yrke/uppdrag</th><td class="roll" style=""><a href="/wiki/Religi%C3%B6s" class="mw-redirect" title="Religiös">Religiös</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Politisk">politisk</a> och militär ledare som enade <a href="/wiki/Arabiska_halv%C3%B6n" title="Arabiska halvön">Arabiska halvöns</a> stammar. <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islams</a> centralgestalt och enligt muslimsk tro var han den siste <a href="/wiki/Profet" title="Profet">profeten</a>.</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Maka</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Khadidja" title="Khadidja">Khadidja</a> bint Khuwailid, 595–619<br /><a href="/wiki/Sawda_bint_Zamaa" title="Sawda bint Zamaa">Sawda bint Zamaa</a>, 619<br /><a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a> bint abu Bakr, 619<br /><a href="/wiki/Hafsa_bint_Umar_ibn_al-Khattab" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafsa bint Umar ibn al-Khattab">Hafsa bint Umar ibn al-Khattab</a>, 625<br /><a href="/wiki/Zainab_bint_Khuzaima" title="Zainab bint Khuzaima">Zainab bint Khuzaima</a>, 626<br /><a href="/wiki/Umm_Salama" title="Umm Salama">Hind bint abu Umayya</a>, 626<br /><a href="/wiki/Zaynab_bint_Djahsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaynab bint Djahsh">Zaynab bint Djahsh</a>, 626<br /><a href="/wiki/Djuwayriya_bint_al-Harith" title="Djuwayriya bint al-Harith">Djuwayriya bint al-Harith</a>, 626<br /><a href="/wiki/Safiya_bint_Huayy" class="mw-redirect" title="Safiya bint Huayy">Safiya bint Huayy</a>, 627<br /><a href="/wiki/Ramla_bint_abu_Sufyan" title="Ramla bint abu Sufyan">Ramla bint abu Sufyan</a>, 628<br /><a href="/wiki/Maimuna_bint_al-Harith" title="Maimuna bint al-Harith">Maimuna bint al-Harith</a>, 629</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Partner</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Rayhana_bint_Zayd" title="Rayhana bint Zayd">Rayhana bint Zayd</a>, 627 <br /> <a href="/wiki/Maria_al-Qibtiyya" title="Maria al-Qibtiyya">Maria al-Qibtiyya</a>, 628</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Barn</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima az-Zahra</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Föräldrar</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Abdul_Muttalib" title="Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib">Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aminah_bint_Wahb" title="Aminah bint Wahb">Aminah bint Wahb</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Green_dome,_Masjid_e_Nabawi,_Medina,_KSA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Green_dome%2C_Masjid_e_Nabawi%2C_Medina%2C_KSA.jpg/250px-Green_dome%2C_Masjid_e_Nabawi%2C_Medina%2C_KSA.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Green_dome%2C_Masjid_e_Nabawi%2C_Medina%2C_KSA.jpg/375px-Green_dome%2C_Masjid_e_Nabawi%2C_Medina%2C_KSA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Green_dome%2C_Masjid_e_Nabawi%2C_Medina%2C_KSA.jpg/500px-Green_dome%2C_Masjid_e_Nabawi%2C_Medina%2C_KSA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Muhammeds helgedom i <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> i <a href="/wiki/Saudiarabien" title="Saudiarabien">Saudiarabien</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Muhammed</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabiska" title="Arabiska">arabiska</a>: محمد, <i>Muḥammad,</i> "den prisade"), född omkring <a href="/wiki/570" title="570">570</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mecka" title="Mecka">Mecka</a> som <b>Muḥammad ibn ‘Abdullâh,</b> محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب, död <a href="/wiki/8_juni" title="8 juni">8 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a> i <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> i nuvarande <a href="/wiki/Saudiarabien" title="Saudiarabien">Saudiarabien</a>, var en <a href="/wiki/Religi%C3%B6s" class="mw-redirect" title="Religiös">religiös</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Politisk">politisk</a> och militär ledare som enade <a href="/wiki/Arabiska_halv%C3%B6n" title="Arabiska halvön">Arabiska halvöns</a> stammar. Han grundade religionen <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>, enligt modern historieforskning.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enligt muslimsk tro var han den absolut sista <a href="/wiki/Profet" title="Profet">profeten</a> och den profet som kom efter profeten <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namn_och_benämning"><span id="Namn_och_ben.C3.A4mning"></span>Namn och benämning</h2></div> <p>Namnet Muhammed betyder "lovvärd" på arabiska. "Lovvärd" förekommer fyra gånger i Koranen. Koranen benämner honom även i andra person med åtskilliga benämningar; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Profeter_och_budb%C3%A4rare_inom_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Profeter och budbärare inom Islam [inte skriven än]">profeten</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Profeter_och_budb%C3%A4rare_inom_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Profeter och budbärare inom Islam [inte skriven än]">budbäraren</a>, Guds tjänare (<i>'abd</i>), förkunnare (<i>bashir</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vittne (<i>shahid</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-bud3345_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bud3345-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> överbringare av ett glatt budskap om hopp (<i>mubashshir</i>), varnare (<i>nathir</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> påminnare (mudhakkir),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> den som kallar [till Gud] (<i>dā'ī</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ljuset personifierat (<i>noor</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och ledfyren (<i>siraj munir</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allmänt"><span id="Allm.C3.A4nt"></span>Allmänt</h2></div> <p>Muhammed är enligt <a href="/wiki/Muslimer" title="Muslimer">muslimer</a> Guds (<a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allahs</a>) sista <a href="/wiki/Profet" title="Profet">profet</a>, <i>profeternas sigill,</i> som under en period på 23 år fick ta emot islams heliga budskap, <a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a>, genom <a href="/wiki/Uppenbarelse" title="Uppenbarelse">uppenbarelser</a> från Gud, via <a href="/wiki/%C3%84rke%C3%A4ngeln_Gabriel" title="Ärkeängeln Gabriel">ärkeängeln Gabriel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jibril" class="mw-redirect" title="Jibril">Jibril</a>). Muhammed nämns också i den <a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">muslimska trosbekännelsen</a>, som står i sura 37:35 och 48:29: "Det finns ingen gud utom Gud och Muhammed är hans sändebud". </p><p>Muslimer betraktar Muhammed som <i>rasulullah</i>: "Guds budbärare". Hans ursprungliga tillnamn var <i>al-Amin,</i> "den trovärdige". Han är även känd inom den islamiska kulturen som <i>Mustafa</i> ("den utvalde") och <i>rahmatan-lil-'alamin</i> ("Guds utsände barmhärtighet åt mänskligheten"). <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6rdnad" title="Vördnad">Vördnaden</a> bland vissa muslimer är stor. Muhammed och omnämnandet av hans namn kan i traditionell skrift eller tal följas av frasen <i><a href="/wiki/SAW" class="mw-redirect" title="SAW">SAW</a>,</i> (<i>sallā allahu ʿalayhi wa sallam,</i> صل الله عليه وسلم), <a href="/wiki/Arabiska" title="Arabiska">arabiska</a> för "Guds frid och välsignelse vare över honom". Liknande fraser används i religiösa sammanhang ibland även vid omnämnandet av andra profeter som <a href="/wiki/Abraham_(patriark)" title="Abraham (patriark)">Abraham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_(islamisk_profet)" title="Ibrahim (islamisk profet)">Ibrahim</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mose" title="Mose">Mose</a> (<a href="/wiki/Musa_(islamisk_profet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Musa (islamisk profet)">Musa</a>) och <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Isa</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uppväxt"><span id="Uppv.C3.A4xt"></span>Uppväxt</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r53696904" /> <table class="infobox" align="right" width="25%" style="border:1px solid #ddd; margin:0 0 1em 1em; padding:0 0 1em 1em; vertical-align:right; font-size:80%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" align="center"><big>Kronologi över viktiga händelser under Muhammeds tid i Mecka</big> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><i>ca</i> 569 </td> <td>Fadern <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Abdul_Muttalib" title="Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib">Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib</a> dör </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><i>ca</i> 570 </td> <td>Muhammed föds i <a href="/wiki/Mecka" title="Mecka">Mecka</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">576 </td> <td>Modern, <a href="/wiki/Aminah_Bint_Wahb" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminah Bint Wahb">Āminah</a>, dör </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">578 </td> <td>Farfadern, <a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Muttalib_ibn_H%C4%81shim" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hāshim">'Abd al-Muttalib</a>, dör </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><i>ca</i> 583 </td> <td>Åker på handelsresor till <a href="/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien">Syrien</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><i>ca</i> 595 </td> <td>Träffar och gifter sig med <a href="/wiki/Khadidja" title="Khadidja">Khadidja</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">610 </td> <td>De första uppenbarelserna i grottan Hira (<a href="/wiki/Sura_(islam)" title="Sura (islam)">sura</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Alaq" title="Al-Alaq">Al-Alaq</a> i <a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><i>ca</i> 610 </td> <td>Blir <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Profet" title="Profet">profet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><i>ca</i> 613 </td> <td>Börjar öppet att sprida islams budskap </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><i>ca</i> 614 </td> <td>Börjar få anhängare i Mecka </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><i>ca</i> 615 </td> <td>Muslimsk emigration till <a href="/wiki/Kungariket_Aksum" title="Kungariket Aksum">Aksumriket</a> i <a href="/wiki/Etiopien" title="Etiopien">Abessinien (Etiopien)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">616 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meckabornas_bojkott_mot_hashimiterna" title="Meckabornas bojkott mot hashimiterna">Meckabornas bojkott mot hashimiterna</a> börjar </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><i>ca</i> 618 </td> <td>Inbördeskrig i <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Yathrib (Medina)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">619 </td> <td>Meckabornas bojkott mot <a href="/wiki/Hashim" title="Hashim">hashimiterna</a> upphör </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">619 </td> <td>Sorgens år: hustrun Khadidja och farbrodern <a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_ibn_%E2%80%98Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib">Abū Ṭālib</a> dör </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><i>ca</i> 620 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isra_och_Miraj" title="Isra och Miraj">Den nattliga resan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">622 </td> <td>Uppbrott, flykt och emigration (<a href="/wiki/Hijra" title="Hijra">hijra</a>) till <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> <div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; ; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Kronologi_%C3%B6ver_Muhammeds_tid_i_Mecka" title="Mall:Kronologi över Muhammeds tid i Mecka"><span title="Visa denna mall" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Kronologi_%C3%B6ver_Muhammeds_tid_i_Mecka&action=edit"><span style=";" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Muhammed föddes som Muhammed ibn <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Abdul_Muttalib" title="Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib">Abdullah</a> ("Abdullahs son"), och hans <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">födelsedag</a> anses vara i månaden <a href="/wiki/Rabi%27_al-awwal" title="Rabi' al-awwal">rabi al-awwal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionen placerar året för Muhammeds födelse som motsvarande <a href="/wiki/Elefantens_%C3%A5r" title="Elefantens år">elefantens år</a>, som är uppkallat efter den misslyckade förstörelsen av Mecka det året av Abraha, <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemens</a> kung, som kompletterade sin armé med <a href="/wiki/Elefanter" title="Elefanter">elefanter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hans far, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Abdul_Muttalib" title="Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib">Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib</a>, var av <a href="/wiki/Hashim" title="Hashim">Hashims</a> släkt och tillhörde stammen <a href="/wiki/Qureish" title="Qureish">Qureish</a>; modern hette <a href="/wiki/Aminah_Bint_Wahb" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminah Bint Wahb">Amina</a>. Fadern dog redan före Muhammeds födelse, och modern när han var sex år gammal. Enligt islamisk tradition skickades Muhammed strax efter födseln för att bo hos en <a href="/wiki/Beduiner" title="Beduiner">beduinfamilj</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ken" title="Öken">öknen</a>, eftersom ökenlivet ansågs vara hälsosammare för <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4dbarn" title="Spädbarn">spädbarn</a>. Vissa <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stv%C3%A4rlden" title="Västvärlden">västerländska</a> <a href="/wiki/Forskare" title="Forskare">forskare</a> förkastar denna traditions <a href="/wiki/Historicitet" title="Historicitet">historicitet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammed stannade hos sin <a href="/wiki/Familjehem" title="Familjehem">fostermor</a>, Halima bint Abi Dhuayb, och hennes man tills han var två år gammal. Vid sex års ålder förlorade Muhammed sin biologiska moder Amina, som dog av sjukdom, och blev föräldralös.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Därefter tog farfadern <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abd al-Muttalib">Abd al-Muttalib</a> hand om honom, och sedan efter dennes bortgång, farbrodern <a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_ibn_%E2%80%98Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib">Abu Talib</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Armstrong_2006,_24_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armstrong_2006,_24-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arbete">Arbete</h3></div> <p>Muhammed hade inga egna tillgångar. Han ärvde inget efter sin farfar, mamman var fattig och pappan som dog ung lämnade bara efter sig fem kameler, en mindre flock får och getter samt en slavflicka.<sup id="cite_ref-Lings_2006,_24_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lings_2006,_24-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammed fick arbeta för sitt uppehälle "och arbeta särskilt hårt om han någonsin skulle lyckas få ihop tillräckligt för att kunna skaffa sig en egen kamelflock, betala vad det kostade att få en hustru och bilda sin egen familj".<sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_24_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_24-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Qureish var köpmän och när Muhammed var nio eller tolv år följde han med på sin första <a href="/wiki/Karavan" title="Karavan">karavan</a>. Han förblev handelsresande under den första halvan av sitt liv.<sup id="cite_ref-Lings_29,_33_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lings_29,_33-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_52_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_52-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klanen hade monopol på sträckan nord-syd och var därför de enda som tjänade pengar på de utländska karavaner som färdades där. De kontrollerade affärsvärlden inom Arabien och etablerade sig som oberoende handlare med egna karavaner till <a href="/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien">Syrien</a> och <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Armstrong_2006,_18-19_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armstrong_2006,_18-19-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mecka var ett kommersiellt centrum som sände ut och tog emot karavaner från kusten, Syrien och <a href="/wiki/Persiska_riket" title="Persiska riket">Persien</a>. Mecka och omgivande städer rymde mängder av kristna och judar och det fanns kloster i Arabien. Så till exempel besökte Muhammed senare i livet enligt legenden <a href="/wiki/Katarinaklostret" title="Katarinaklostret">Katarinaklostret</a> på <a href="/wiki/Sinaihalv%C3%B6n" title="Sinaihalvön">Sinaihalvön</a>. Det påstås att han träffade en överenskommelse med de kristna munkarna (<a href="/wiki/Muhammeds_skyddsbrev" title="Muhammeds skyddsbrev">Muhammeds skyddsbrev</a>), varigenom deras liv och egendom tryggades under muslimskt herravälde.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En annan legend berättar om hur en kristen <a href="/wiki/Munk" title="Munk">munk</a> förutspådde Muhammeds kommande storhet under en av hans första handelsresor med en karavan.<sup id="cite_ref-Lings_29-30_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lings_29-30-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_62-63_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_62-63-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enligt islamisk tradition sägs det att munken eller <a href="/wiki/Eremit" title="Eremit">eremiten</a>, som hette Bahira, hade förutsett Muhammeds karriär som Guds profet.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:The_Ka%27ba,_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca,_Saudi_Arabia_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Ka%27ba%2C_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%284%29.jpg/250px-The_Ka%27ba%2C_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Ka%27ba%2C_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%284%29.jpg/500px-The_Ka%27ba%2C_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%284%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Kaba i december 2020.</figcaption></figure> <p>En av Muhammeds morbröder var kristen och <a href="/wiki/Kaba" title="Kaba">Kaba</a>, det centrala templet för den förislamiska religionen i Mecka, rymde också en ikon av <a href="/wiki/Jungfru_Maria" title="Jungfru Maria">jungfru Maria</a> och Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mecka var alltså en relativt <a href="/wiki/Kosmopolit" title="Kosmopolit">kosmopolitisk</a> stad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allians_om_rättvisa"><span id="Allians_om_r.C3.A4ttvisa"></span>Allians om rättvisa</h3></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Hilf_al-Fudul" title="Hilf al-Fudul">Hilf al-Fudul</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Hilf al-Fudul (<a href="/wiki/Arabiska" title="Arabiska">arabiska</a>: حِلفُ الفُضُول, <i>De dygdigas allians</i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) var en allians som skapades i <a href="/wiki/Mecka" title="Mecka">Mecka</a> år 590<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> av Muhammed (då han var tjugo år gammal och innan <a href="/wiki/Mab%27ath" title="Mab'ath">mabath</a>) och vissa Meckabor för att etablera rättvisa för alla i samhället genom kollektiva handlingar, till och med för de som inte hade kopplingar till de med makt.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Giftermål"><span id="Gifterm.C3.A5l"></span>Giftermål</h3></div> <p>Muhammed gifte sig för första gången i 25-årsåldern (omkring år 595).<sup id="cite_ref-bev3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bev3-31"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På grund av hans anseende gav <a href="/wiki/Khadidja" title="Khadidja">Khadidja</a>, en framgångsrik affärskvinna, honom ett förslag om att gifta sig vilket han accepterade.<sup id="cite_ref-bev3_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bev3-31"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den femton år äldre änkan Khadidja, som var hans första hustru, var förmögen och ägnade sig åt affärer.<sup id="cite_ref-Armstrong_2006,_25_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armstrong_2006,_25-32"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hennes förmögenhet blev grunden för Muhammeds bana som affärsman. Trots åldersskillnaden blev äktenskapet lyckligt.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khadidja var ett stort stöd för Muhammed, och han gifte sig inte med någon annan kvinna medan hans första hustru levde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tvisten_om_Den_svarta_stenen">Tvisten om Den svarta stenen</h3></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Den_svarta_stenen" title="Den svarta stenen">Den svarta stenen</a></dd></dl></div> <p>När Muhammed var 35 år gammal löste han en tvist om var <a href="/wiki/Den_svarta_stenen" title="Den svarta stenen">Den svarta stenen</a> skulle sitta, vilket stoppade ett eventuellt krig.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uppenbarelsen">Uppenbarelsen</h3></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Mab%27ath" title="Mab'ath">Mab'ath</a></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Cave_Hira.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cave_Hira.jpg/250px-Cave_Hira.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cave_Hira.jpg/375px-Cave_Hira.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cave_Hira.jpg/500px-Cave_Hira.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1721" data-file-height="1976" /></a><figcaption>Muhammeds grotta Hira på berget Jabal al-Nour.</figcaption></figure> <p>Muhammed började ägna sig åt religiösa betraktelser och dra sig undan för flera dagar till <a href="/wiki/Grotta" title="Grotta">grottan</a> Hira på <a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Nour" title="Jabal al-Nour">Jabal al-Nour</a> i närheten av Mecka för att bedja och meditera. Han bad ensam i grottan i flera veckor varje år.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I boken <a href="/wiki/Nahj_al-Balagha" title="Nahj al-Balagha">Nahj al-Balagha</a> står det att Muhammed varje år brukade gå i avskildhet till grottan Hira', där <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali</a> såg honom och ingen annan.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det var där Muhammed började få visioner vilket anses ha inträffat när han var fyrtio år. Enligt traditionen var det i en grotta som ärkeängeln Gabriel visade sig för honom och uttalade de ord som kom att bli Koranens första kapitel.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_90-92_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_90-92-38"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lings_2006,_44-46_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lings_2006,_44-46-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammed trodde sig genom Gabriel erhålla den uppmaning från Gud, som återfinns i Koranens <a href="/wiki/Al-Alaq" title="Al-Alaq">sura 96:l-5</a> (enligt den vanliga åsikten det äldsta stycket i Koranen). </p><p>De första visionerna, genom vilka Muhammed fick veta att han var kallad till att bli profet, följdes av en lång och svår period utan några som helst övernaturliga upplevelser. En kristen kusin till Khadidja – Waraqah – uppmuntrade honom, men Muhammed led av depression under denna tid. Sedan tog visionerna vid igen och fortsatte att komma på oregelbundet vis under resten av hans liv. De var enligt uppgift ibland smärtsamma. De kunde förebådas av ljud som av bjällror (hörda bara av Muhammed) och följdes av stor trötthet.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_90-92_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_90-92-38"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lings_2006,_44-46_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lings_2006,_44-46-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enligt <a href="/wiki/Shia" title="Shia">shiaislam</a> var profeten långt ifrån överraskad eller rädd då Gabriel kom, och välkomnade ängeln som om han hade väntat på honom. Profeten hade inte heller några svårigheter med att repetera verserna från den första uppenbarelsen.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spekulationer_om_Muhammeds_visioner">Spekulationer om Muhammeds visioner</h4></div> <p>Det har förekommit många spekulationer om Muhammeds visioner. Troende muslimer är övertygade om att de var vad han sade: Guds ord förmedlade av ängeln Gabriel (som han efter de första gångerna nästan aldrig mera såg, utan bara hörde). Kritiker har hävdat att han hittade på dem (en mycket vanligt förekommande uppfattning efter korstågen och fram till modern tid), medan andra har föreslagit att han led av <a href="/wiki/Epilepsi" title="Epilepsi">epilepsi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den kroppsliga reaktionen, såsom den rapporteras i muslimska källor, äger vissa likheter med den som kunde observeras hos Sri <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a> i Indien och kan även jämföras med upplevelser av kristna helgon som <a href="/wiki/Teresa_av_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa av Ávila">Teresa av Ávila</a> (ingen av dessa lär dock ha lidit av epilepsi). <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Rodinson" title="Maxime Rodinson">Maxime Rodinson</a> menar i sin bok <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahomet_(bok)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahomet (bok) [inte skriven än]">Mahomet</a></i> att vissa av de senare meddelandena från ängeln Gabriel kan ha varit omedvetna uttryck för Muhammeds egna önskningar (han var då en politisk ledare med stort ansvar och hög prestige), medan de tidigare uppenbarelserna förefaller vara helt autentiska.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inledning_och_sammanhang#Förklara_sammanhanget" title="Wikipedia:Inledning och sammanhang">[<span title="Vadå förefaller vara helt autentiska? Som i att det var autentiska meddelanden från gud? (2024-01)"><i>förtydliga</i></span>]</a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Islamologi" title="Islamologi">Islamologer</a> är ense om att det finns en ganska tydlig skillnad mellan de första uppenbarelserna, som skedde medan Muhammed levde i Mecka och ansträngde sig för att omvända stadens hedningar till ett rättfärdigt leverne, och de som kom efter att han hade flyttat till Medina och bedrev krig mot Mecka. Till att börja med vände han sig inte till judarna eller de kristna. I själva verket lånade han vokabulär och riter från judarna och tenderade till att betrakta sin egen reformrörelse som ett slags utskott från judendomen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Budskap">Budskap</h4></div> <p>Budskapet han kom med var främst varningar om den förestående domen och nödvändigheten av att leva rättfärdigt, tänka på de fattiga och underkasta sig den ende Guden. Uppenbarligen hoppades han att han genom sitt budskaps renhet och sin egen moraliska resning skulle kunna ena alla medlemmarna i det meckanska samhället. Under denna period var den enda trosbekännelsen: "Det finns ingen annan gud än Gud". Att Muhammed inte nämns som Guds profet torde tyda på att han ville att judar och kristna skulle återupptäcka den moraliska radikalitet han predikade i sina egna religioner och stödja honom. Den omgivande miljön var starkt präglad av <a href="/wiki/Polyteism" title="Polyteism">polyteism</a>, även om dess inflytande ofta överdrivits av sentida muslimer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senare_giftermål"><span id="Senare_gifterm.C3.A5l"></span>Senare giftermål</h3></div> <p>Muhammeds senare hustrur, särskilt <a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a>, var avundsjuka på hans känslor, på den kärlek och vördnad som han fortfarande kände för Khadidja, hans första hustru.<sup id="cite_ref-wiebke104_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiebke104-43"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Åtskilliga av Muhammeds många äktenskap tillkom av ekonomiska eller politiska skäl. Flera av de senare giftermålen gick ut på att skapa allianser med olika delar av de stammar som bodde i Arabien på Muhammeds tid. Det gällde även Aisha som var sex år när Muhammed slöt äktenskapskontrakt med hennes far <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>. Äktenskapet fullbordades genom samlag några år senare när Aisha fyllt nio år och Muhammed var 54 år.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aishas unga ålder när hon gifte sig med Muhammed – som anses vara någonstans mellan sex och 19 år – citeras ofta av islamkritiker som bevis på trons inneboende kvinnofientlighet.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abu Bakr var en inflytelserik man och blev med tiden den förste kalifen. En annan av Muhammeds hustrur, Hafsah, var dotter till den andre kalifen, Omar.<sup id="cite_ref-Lings_2006,_35-37_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lings_2006,_35-37-46"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter Khadidjas död tog han sig tio hustrur till och även två konkubiner. Khadidja och Muhammed fick två söner och fyra döttrar.<sup id="cite_ref-Armstrong_2006,_26_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armstrong_2006,_26-47"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vissa shiitiska lärda hävdar att Fatima var Muhammeds enda dotter.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Båda sönerna dog vid späd ålder. I enlighet med den ännu gällande arabiska traditionen fick Muhammed efter sin förste sons födelse tillnamnet Abu al-Qasim ("al-Qasims far"). Det är från dottern <a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a> som alla Muhammeds ättlingar härstammar.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fatima ansågs stå sin far väldigt nära, och är omnämnd i flera <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadither</a>, det vill säga den nedteckande <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamiska</a> tradition som av religiösa betraktas utgå från Muhammed.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Budskapets_politiska_innebörd"><span id="Budskapets_politiska_inneb.C3.B6rd"></span>Budskapets politiska innebörd</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gagarin_PropovedMagometGRM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gagarin_PropovedMagometGRM.jpg/250px-Gagarin_PropovedMagometGRM.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gagarin_PropovedMagometGRM.jpg/375px-Gagarin_PropovedMagometGRM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gagarin_PropovedMagometGRM.jpg/500px-Gagarin_PropovedMagometGRM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>"Muhammed predikar" (1840- eller 50-talet) av Gregori Gagarin.</figcaption></figure> <p>Först vände sig Muhammed enbart till en mindre krets, bland dem fostersonen <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali</a>, sin hustru Khadidja och vännen Abu Bakr, men senare också till hela sin stam Qureish. Omkring år 613 började Muhammed predika för allmänheten (se även <a href="/wiki/Varningshadithen" title="Varningshadithen">Varningshadithen</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han mötte dock motstånd bland sina stamfränder och vann anhängare främst bland de som tillhörde svagare stammar eller hade ringa ställning i samhället. Motståndet från den styrande klassen var hårt, och till följd av uteslutande från den livsviktiga klansolidariteten fick flera tidiga muslimer sätta livet till, medan de rika araber som följde Muhammed fick uppleva bojkott och förnedring. Ganska snart emigrerade en grupp av dem till <a href="/wiki/Etiopien" title="Etiopien">Abessinien</a>, där somliga blev kristna. Detta var den första emigrationen (<a href="/wiki/Hijra" title="Hijra">hijra</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5-53"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhammeds roll som profet var från första början politiskt färgad. Han ville förvandla samhället,<sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5-53"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och för att göra detta måste han antingen vinna över de mäktiga i samhället eller själv ta deras plats. Eftersom alla stadsbor inte var intresserade av vad en ung man från en ganska obetydlig klan hade att säga om deras leverne som snart började hota om att göra sig av med honom<sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5-53"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islams_tidiga_år"><span id="Islams_tidiga_.C3.A5r"></span>Islams tidiga år</h3></div> <p>Antalet anhängare som utvandrade till Abessinien uppges ha varit 83 män och några kvinnor (bland dem profetens dotter Ruqayyah, som åtföljde sin make, den senare kalifen <a href="/wiki/Usman_ibn_Affan" title="Usman ibn Affan">Usman</a>). Under tiden fick de av Muhammeds anhängare som stannat kvar i Mekka en mycket värdefull tillökning genom <a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_al-Khattab" title="Umar ibn al-Khattab">Umar ibn al-Khattabs</a> övergång till islam. Umar, som genom sin mor var besläktad med den rika och mäktiga klanen Makhzum, åtnjöt också stort anseende i staden för sina personliga egenskaper.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Motståndarna slog tillbaka genom att utesluta Muhammed och hans släkt ur stadens gemenskap och stänga in dem i deras stadsdel, den dalklyfta där Abu Talibs familj bodde (<a href="/wiki/Meckabornas_bojkott_mot_hashimiterna" title="Meckabornas bojkott mot hashimiterna">Meckabornas bojkott mot hashimiterna</a>). Även om denne farbror och fosterfar till Muhammed inte själv trodde på Muhammeds profetkallelse tillbakavisade han med harm meckanernas uppmaning att ta avstånd från profeten. Under denna tid av nöd gjorde Muhammed ett medgivande åt de hedniska föreställningarna genom att i en föregiven uppenbarelse erkänna gudinnorna <a href="/wiki/All%C4%81t" title="Allāt">Allāt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Man%C4%81t" title="Manāt">Manāt</a> och <a href="/wiki/Al-%E2%80%98Uzz%C3%A1" title="Al-‘Uzzá">al-‘Uzzá</a> såsom Allahs döttrar och medlare. Profetens samvete drev honom dock snart till att återta detta medgivande.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På grund av dess kontroversiella karaktär kom traditionen om de sataniska verserna aldrig in i någon av de kanoniska hadithsamlingarna (även om möjliga förkortade versioner av händelsen gjorde det).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Referensen och <a href="/wiki/Exegetik" title="Exegetik">exegetiken</a> om verserna förekommer i tidiga historieböcker.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I samband med att antalet av Muhammeds följare ökade, försökte Quraysh att förhandla med honom så att han skulle sluta med sitt predikande. Men varken erbjudanden om pengar eller makt övertalade honom. Muhammed sa till sina motståndare att han inte skulle överge uppdraget som hade getts till honom av Gud, 'även om ni placerar solen i min högra hand och månen i min vänstra'.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Khadija_tomb_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Khadija_tomb_%281%29.jpg/250px-Khadija_tomb_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Khadija_tomb_%281%29.jpg/375px-Khadija_tomb_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Khadija_tomb_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Khadidjas <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a> innan den förstördes av saudierna.</figcaption></figure> <p>I alla fall måste det för en tid ha åstadkommits en försoning mellan de olika partierna i staden. Åtskilliga av utvandrarna från Abessinien till Mecka, däribland Muhammeds dotter och hennes make, återvände. Kort därpå träffades profeten av två svåra slag i det att både hans hustru och hans farbror Abu Talib avled inom loppet av samma år, 619 (<a href="/wiki/Sorgens_%C3%A5r" title="Sorgens år">Sorgens år</a>). I Abu Talibs ställe fick nu hans bror <a href="/wiki/Abu_Lahab" title="Abu Lahab">Abu Lahab</a>, som egentligen var en stark motståndare till den nya religionen, ta profeten under sitt beskydd, för sin heders skull i sin egenskap av släktens huvudman.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kort därefter drog Abu Lahab tillbaka klanens skydd åt Muhammed, vilket försatte Muhammed i fara. Tillbakadragandet av klanskyddet innebar att blodshämnd inte skulle utkrävas ifall han dödades.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den förtvivlade situationen gav Muhammed idén på att utvandra från Mecka och på annat håll söka en fristad för sig och sina anhängare. Han vände sig först till grannstaden i söder, <a href="/wiki/Taif" title="Taif">Taif</a>, vars invånare stod i livlig handelsförbindelse med meckanerna. Där fann han dock inte mer stöd för sin förkunnelse än hos sina egna landsmän. Han blev inte bara hånad, utan rent av fördriven med stenkastning och tvingades söka skydd i en hednisk stamförvants trädgård. Till Mecka vågade han först återvända då en ansedd släkting högtidligt hade tillförsäkrat honom sitt skydd.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muhammeds_himmelsfärd"><span id="Muhammeds_himmelsf.C3.A4rd"></span>Muhammeds himmelsfärd</h3></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Isra_och_Miraj" title="Isra och Miraj">Isra och Miraj</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Enligt <a href="/wiki/Al-Isra" title="Al-Isra">Koranen 17:1</a> gjorde Muhammed en nattlig resa och färdades enligt traditionen från Mecka till <a href="/wiki/Tempelberget" title="Tempelberget">Tempelberget</a> i Jerusalem där han blev förd till himlen och fick möta Gud.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_112-113_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_112-113-62"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Armstrong_2006,_82-85_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armstrong_2006,_82-85-63"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Isra_och_Miraj" title="Isra och Miraj">Den nattliga resan</a> företogs omkring 620. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utvandringen_till_Medina">Utvandringen till Medina</h3></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Hijra" title="Hijra">Hijra</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Muhammed antog 622 en inbjudan från grannorten <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Yathrib</a> där några av hans anhängare gjort honom känd. Enligt traditionen accepterade araberna i Yathrib honom som profet eftersom de i diskussioner med judarna i staden hade fått det berättat att en sådan skulle komma dit.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I juni år 622 smet Muhammed ut från Mecka i hemlighet då han varnats om en komplott om att lönnmörda honom (se även <a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</a>), och flyttade sina följare till Medina,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 45 mil norr om Mecka.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Från och med Muhammeds tid kom staden att kallas profetens stad, Medina (Medinat an-nabi, "profetens stad"). Denna händelse utgör startpunkten för islams tideräkning och kallas för den andra eller stora utvandringen.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5-53"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De som migrerade från Mecka tillsammans med Muhammed blev kända som <a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a> (Migranterna).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medinaborna som konverterade till islam och hjälpte de muslimska migranterna att hitta tillflykt blev kända som <a href="/wiki/Ansar_(islam)" title="Ansar (islam)">Ansar</a> (Hjälparna).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sedan instiftade Muhammed broderskap mellan Muhajirun och Ansar, och han valde Ali som sin egen broder.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I Medina blev Muhammeds verksamhet uttalat politisk och de medinska uppenbarelserna återspeglar detta. För att hantera det militära hotet från Mecka sände han ut razzior för att blockera och sabotera deras kommers, och lät i ett fall lönnmörda en diktare som hade skrivit nidverser om honom och vad de ansåg var hans politiska ambitioner. Muhammed var tvungen, för att överleva, att gå i allians med judar och icke-muslimska stammar och ställde inte krav på att de skulle omvända sig förrän hans egen grupp hade blivit stark nog att klara sig utan dem. De fientligt inställda ledarna i Mecka försökte vid flera tillfällen anfalla och krossa den muslimska gruppen i Medina, men misslyckades. De mest kända striderna utkämpades år 624 <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Badr" title="Slaget vid Badr">vid Badr</a>, 625 <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Uhud" title="Slaget vid Uhud">vid Uhud</a> och 627 <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_diket" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaget vid diket">vid Medina</a>. Staden <a href="/wiki/Khaybar" title="Khaybar">Khaybar</a> som beboddes av judar intogs av Muhammed år 628. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Förhållande_till_judarna"><span id="F.C3.B6rh.C3.A5llande_till_judarna"></span>Förhållande till judarna</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Banu_Qurayza.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Banu_Qurayza.png/250px-Banu_Qurayza.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Banu_Qurayza.png 1.5x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hisham" title="Ibn Hisham">Ibn Hisham</a> och <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Jarir_at-Tabari" title="Muhammad ibn Jarir at-Tabari">Tabari</a> hävdar att 600-900 judar från folkstammen <a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a> halshöggs.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-67"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Målningen visar Muhammed och hans följeslagare som beskådar avrättningen av de judiska fångarna från en text skriven på 1800-talet av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Rafi_Bazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Rafi Bazil [inte skriven än]">Muhammad Rafi Bazil</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Muhammeds förhållande till judarna i Medina var aldrig bra, och han kritiseras ofta utanför den muslimska världen för hur han behandlade dem.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-69"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Judiska_stammar_i_Arabien" title="Judiska stammar i Arabien">Judiska stammar i Arabien</a> hade migrerat dit före islams tillkomst. De judiska stammarna spelade en betydande roll under islams framväxt. Muhammed hade många kontakter med judiska stammar, både urbana och nomader. Att äta <a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A4skk%C3%B6tt" title="Fläskkött">fläsk</a> har alltid varit starkt förbjudet i båda religionerna.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammed såg kristna och judar (som han båda kallade "<a href="/wiki/Bokens_folk" title="Bokens folk">bokens folk</a>") som naturliga allierade, som delade grundprinciperna i hans läror. </p><p>Muhammed försökte vinna över judarna till islam bland annat genom adopterandet av deras <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6neriktning" title="Böneriktning">böneriktning</a> mot Jerusalem och fastan på <a href="/wiki/Ashura" title="Ashura">ashuradagen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Medinakonstitutionen" title="Medinakonstitutionen">Medinakonstitutionen</a> gavs judar jämställdhet med muslimer i utbyte mot politisk lojalitet<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och fick utöva sin egen kultur och religion. </p><p>Senare, när Muhammed stötte på motstånd från judarna, började muslimer anta en mer negativ syn mot judarna och såg dem som något av <a href="/wiki/Femtekolonnare" title="Femtekolonnare">femtekolonnare</a>. Efter tre år av fredlig samexistens bröt judarna den pakt de hade slutit med Muhammed genom att samarbeta med <a href="/wiki/Qureish" title="Qureish">Quraysh</a> för att bekämpa muslimer i Medina, särskilt vid <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_vallgraven" title="Slaget vid vallgraven">slaget vid vallgraven</a> år 627. </p><p>Judiska <a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a>, en folkstam i Medina, beskylldes för förräderi då de påstods ha kopplingar till fiender som belägrade staden i samband med <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_vallgraven" title="Slaget vid vallgraven">slaget vid vallgraven</a> år 627.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-69"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter att <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%27d_ibn_Mu%27adh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sa'd ibn Mu'adh [inte skriven än]">Sa'd ibn Mu'adh</a>, en av Muhammeds följeslagare, gjort bedömningen att judarna måste avrättas, godkände Muhammed en order att halshugga samtliga judiska män som tillhörde Banu Quaryaza. Kvinnor och barn förslavades och judiska män som överlevde tvingades lämna Medina.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_University_Press_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_University_Press-76"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peters223_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peters223-77"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Inamdar_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inamdar-79"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-81"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Adil_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adil-82"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_life_of_Mahomet_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_life_of_Mahomet-83"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genom att hålla fast vid sin egen religion ifrågasatte judarna sanningen i Muhammeds uppenbarelser och han förnekades som profet. Muhammed bröt med de judiska traditionerna och ändrade den tidigare fastan till en egen fastemånad för muslimerna samt ändrade böneriktningen från Jerusalem till Kaba i Mecka, som vissa anser ägde rum i <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Qiblatayn" title="Masjid al-Qiblatayn">Masjid al-Qiblatayn</a>. </p><p>Muhammed såg även de judiska stammarna i Hijaz som ett hot och tog militär kontroll över dem. Han lät judarna behålla sina egna områden på villkor att de avstod hälften av det de producerade till Medina.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg/250px-Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg/375px-Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg/500px-Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>Osmansk avbildning av Muhammed från 1595.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mohammed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Mohammed.jpg" decoding="async" width="227" height="452" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Profeten Muhammed. <br />Från boken <i>Muhammeds Himmelfärd</i> som skrevs 1436 i Herat, Afghanistan och som nu finns i Bibliothèque Nationale i Paris.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Segern_över_Mecka_och_Muhammeds_sista_år"><span id="Segern_.C3.B6ver_Mecka_och_Muhammeds_sista_.C3.A5r"></span>Segern över Mecka och Muhammeds sista år</h3></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Er%C3%B6vringen_av_Mecka" title="Erövringen av Mecka">Erövringen av Mecka</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Muhammeds strategi och sammanhållningen bland muslimerna bröt till slut ned motståndet i Mecka. År 630 var han stark nog att inta staden, vilket han gjorde utan våldsamheter. Hans första handling var då att förrätta sin andakt i Kaba och där rensa helgedomen från avgudabilder. </p><p>Mot hösten samma år företog han ett stort fälttåg (<a href="/wiki/Expeditionen_till_Tabuk" title="Expeditionen till Tabuk">Expeditionen till Tabuk</a>) med ända till 30 000 man mot det <a href="/wiki/Bysantinska_riket" title="Bysantinska riket">bysantinska riket</a>. Men hären kom aldrig längre än till Tabuk, ungefär halvvägs mellan Medina och Jerusalem. Sedan Muhammed där mottagit de kringboende kristna stammarnas hyllning, återvände han till Medina. På den Arabiska halvön underkastade sig den persiske ståthållaren i Jemen och detta lands småfurstar Muhammeds islamiska välde, sydkustens riken skickade sändebud med gåvor, och många kristna stammar erkände sig <a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">skattskyldiga</a>. I mars 632 företog Muhammed sin sista vallfart, "avskedets vallfart", till Mecka och påbjöd då en mängd borgerliga och religiösa stadgar, bland vilka den om det rena månåret utan skottdagar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Muhammeds_insjuknande">Muhammeds insjuknande</h4></div> <p>Efter sin återkomst till Medina insjuknade han och dog den 8 juni 632 i Aishas hus.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enligt <a href="/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni">sunnimuslimer</a> dog Muhammed i favorithustrun Aishas famn. Shiamuslimerna hävdar å andra sidan att han dog i <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Alis</a> famn. </p><p>Även om han bara var 63 år gammal hade Muhammed krafter hastigt sjunkit, möjligtvis till följd av de senare årens strapatser. Han tvingades ge upp sin vana att tillbringa natten i tur och ordning hos var och en av sina hustrur. I stället bodde han permanent hos sin hustru Aisha.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han fick till slut avstå från att dagligen leda bönen och gav istället detta uppdrag åt sin vän och svärfar Abu Bakr. </p><p>En av händelserna som sunnimuslimer använder för att rättfärdiga Abu Bakrs kalifat, är att Abu Bakr ledde bönerna när Muhammed var sjuk. Shiamuslimer argumenterar att eftersom sunnimuslimer anser att både goda och onda personer kan leda böner, så saknar det betydelse att Abu Bakr ledde bönen om han ens gjorde det, eftersom det finns olika åsikter om vad som hände.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Krafterna avtog alltmer och hans medvetande omtöcknades av feberfantasier. Då han söndagen den 7 juni ville diktera sin sista vilja (se <a href="/wiki/Hadithen_om_pennan_och_pappret" title="Hadithen om pennan och pappret">hadithen om pennan och pappret</a>) ansåg <a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_al-Khattab" title="Umar ibn al-Khattab">Umar</a> det rådligast att avslå denna begäran så att inte oöverlagda bestämmelser skulle äventyra trons sak i framtiden.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under nästa natt avtog febern något och på morgonen tycktes en förbättring ha inträtt. Då de rättrogna församlade sig till bönen trädde profeten ut ur den dörr som förband Aishas bostad med moskén för att se dem. Men knappt hade han återvänt till sängen förrän febern åter grep honom och dödskampen började. Mot middagstiden kände Aisha hans hand slappna i sin. Muhammeds sista ord ska ha varit: "Den ädlaste följeslagaren från paradiset."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Han begravdes där han dog, i <a href="/wiki/Masjid_an-Nabawi" title="Masjid an-Nabawi">Masjid an-Nabawi</a> i Medina, som är islams näst heligaste plats.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muhammeds_efterträdare"><span id="Muhammeds_eftertr.C3.A4dare"></span>Muhammeds efterträdare</h3></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Eftertr%C3%A4dandet_av_Muhammed" title="Efterträdandet av Muhammed">Efterträdandet av Muhammed</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Som Muhammeds efterträdare och ledare för det muslimska samfund som han hade grundat valdes Muhammeds <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%A4rfar" class="mw-redirect" title="Svärfar">svärfar</a> Abu Bakr, som fick titeln <a href="/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif">kalif</a>, vid <a href="/wiki/Saqifa" title="Saqifa">Saqifa</a> i ett rådslag efter Muhammeds död. De muslimer som tog fasta på de världsliga budskapen i profetens förkunnelse och som stödde sig på <a href="/wiki/Sunna_(islam)" title="Sunna (islam)">sunna</a> vann valet av efterträdare och styrde valet även av de två följande kaliferna. De som emellertid såg Muhammed främst som religiös ledare var samlade i ett parti (<i>shia</i>) och ville att Muhammeds släkt (<a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-bayt</a>) skulle överta ledarskapet. Valet av Abu Bakr var upphovet till att muslimerna blev uppdelade i två grenar – den sunnitiska och den <a href="/wiki/Shia" title="Shia">shiitiska</a>, en uppdelning som ännu består. Under tidernas lopp uppstod mellan de båda stridande parterna en väsentlig skillnad även med avseende på vissa bland de viktigaste troslärorna inom islam.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muhammeds_släktträd"><span id="Muhammeds_sl.C3.A4kttr.C3.A4d"></span>Muhammeds släktträd</h2></div> <p>Muhammeds släkt fortplantades endast genom dottern Fatima, som i sitt giftermål med Muhammeds kusin och fosterson <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali</a> erhöll sönerna <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a> samt döttrarna <a href="/wiki/Zainab_bint_Ali" title="Zainab bint Ali">Zainab</a> och <a href="/wiki/Umm_Kulthum_bint_Ali" title="Umm Kulthum bint Ali">Umm Kulthum</a>. </p><p>Muhammeds familj med släktskap till senare <a href="/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif">kalifer</a> och <a href="/wiki/Shiaimam" title="Shiaimam">shiaimamer</a>. </p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; background:#C8E7B6;;"><a href="/wiki/Abd_Manaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Manaf">Abd Manaf</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; background:#C8E7B6;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_Shams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd Shams [inte skriven än]">Abd Shams</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; background:#C8E7B6;;"><a href="/wiki/Hashim_ibn_Abd_Manaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashim ibn Abd Manaf">Hashim</a></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; 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padding: 0.1em; background:#C8E7B6;;"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_ibn_%E2%80%98Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib">Abu Talib</a></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; background:#C8E7B6;;"><b>Muhammed</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; background:#C8E7B6;;"><a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px dashed black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; background:#C8E7B6;;"><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; background:#C8E7B6;;"><a href="/wiki/Umayyader" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyader">Umayyadiska<br />kalifer</a></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; background:#C8E7B6;;"><a href="/wiki/Shiaimam" title="Shiaimam">Shiaimamer</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; background:#C8E7B6;;"><a href="/wiki/Abbasider" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasider">Abbasidiska<br />kalifer</a></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muhammeds_hustrur">Muhammeds hustrur</h2></div> <p>Ett av de vanligaste sätten att bilda politiska allianser var att gifta sig med någons dotter eller syster.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_137_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_137-90"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Månggifte uppges också ha förekommit för att en kvinna inte skulle vara försvarslös och utsatt för vanära. Enligt Koranen får en man ha upp till fyra hustrur,<sup id="cite_ref-Lings_2006,_220-221_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lings_2006,_220-221-91"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men måste vara i stånd att försörja dem alla. Muhammed stipulerade också att alla hustrur måste behandlas jämlikt<sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_137_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_137-90"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Eftersom Muhammed ansåg sig vara en stor ledare gifte han sig själv långt flera gånger än han tillät sina efterföljare göra<sup id="cite_ref-Lings_2006,_221_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lings_2006,_221-92"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Han gifte sig elva gånger, men två av hans hustrur dog före honom. Mot slutet av sitt liv hade han nio hustrur.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_109_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_109-93"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Utöver de kvinnor han gifte sig med, hade han också partner utanför äktenskapet. Det blev tillåtet för en muslimsk man att ha sexuella partner utanför äktenskapet, under förutsättning att kvinnorna ifråga var icke muslimska slavar: sådana kvinnor kom att kallas <a href="/wiki/Konkubiner_inom_islam" title="Konkubiner inom islam">konkubiner</a> <sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och Muhammed hade åtminstone två sådana konkubiner. </p><p>I åtminstone två fall gifte sig Muhammed möjligen därför att han förälskade sig i kvinnan ifråga: <a href="/wiki/Khadidja" title="Khadidja">Khadidja</a>, hans första hustru,<sup id="cite_ref-Armstrong_2006,_26_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armstrong_2006,_26-47"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och <a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a>, som enligt sunnimuslimer bara var ett barn på sex år när äktenskapet ingicks, och nio år när han fullbordade det genom samlag.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det finns dock olika åsikter om giftermålet mellan Muhammed och Aisha, och enligt en analys av olika rapporter var Aisha 19 år när hon gifte sig med Muhammed.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhammeds giftermål med <a href="/wiki/Zaynab_bint_Jahsh" title="Zaynab bint Jahsh">Zaynab bint Djahsh</a>, som var hans kusin,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> var komplicerat. Efter att ha sett den gifta Zaynab mycket lätt klädd efter ett bad, dolde Muhammed inte sin åtrå till henne. Zaynabs make <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Haritha" title="Zayd ibn Haritha">Zayd ibn Haritha</a>, som var Muhammeds adoptivson, erbjöd sig genast att skilja sig från henne, vilket Muhammed avrådde från. Zayd upprepade sitt erbjudande nästa dag, men Muhammed rådde honom återigen att behålla sin hustru. Det visade sig dock att äktenskapet mellan Zayd och Zaynab var olyckligt, och parterna enades om att ta ut skilsmässa.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eftersom äktenskap med en adoptivsons före detta hustru enligt arabisk tradition var förbjudet<sup id="cite_ref-bud3345_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bud3345-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> uppgav Muhammed att Gud undanröjde detta hinder i en uppenbarelse för honom (Koranen <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahzab" title="Al-Ahzab">33</a>:37) och Muhammed gifte sig med Zaynab. </p><p>Muhammeds exempel på månggifte och fokus på familjestrukturens vikt i samhället satte gränser för den asketiska trenden bland araberna, även om han själv ofta fastade och levde i avhållsamhet och uppmuntrade till detta.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Utöver sina hustrur hade Muhammed även konkubiner, som enligt islamisk lag alltid var slavar. <a href="/wiki/Rayhana_bint_Zayd" title="Rayhana bint Zayd">Rayhana</a> togs som krigsbyte och blev sedan Muhammeds konkubin. Även judinnan <a href="/wiki/Safiyya_bint_Huyayy" title="Safiyya bint Huyayy">Safiya</a> togs som krigsbyte, men Muhammed valde att gifta sig med henne. Muhammed fick även systrarna Sirin bint Shamun och <a href="/wiki/Maria_al-Qibtiyya" title="Maria al-Qibtiyya">Maria</a> i gåva, av vilka han gav bort Sirin och behöll Maria som konkubin för egen räkning.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lista_över_hustrur"><span id="Lista_.C3.B6ver_hustrur"></span>Lista över hustrur</h3></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Khadidja" title="Khadidja">Khadidja</a> bint Khuwailid var en rik köpmanänka i Mecka som äktades 595 och var Muhammeds enda hustru medan hon levde. Tillsammans med konkubinen Maria var hon den enda som gav Muhammed några barn. Hon dog 619.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawda_bint_Zamaa" title="Sawda bint Zamaa">Sawda bint Zamaa</a>, gifte sig med Muhammed 619, samma år som Khadidja avled.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a> bint abu Bakr, äktades av Muhammed även hon 619. Hennes ålder är omstridd, men sannolikt gifte hon sig med Muhammed vid 6 års ålder, äktenskapet fullbordades sedan sexuellt vid 9 års ålder. Hon sägs vara den mest älskade av Muhammeds hustrur.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafsa_bint_Umar" title="Hafsa bint Umar">Hafsa bint</a> <a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_al-Khattab" title="Umar ibn al-Khattab">Umar ibn al-Khattab</a>, gifte sig med Muhammed 625.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainab_bint_Khuzaima" title="Zainab bint Khuzaima">Zainab bint Khuzaima</a>, gifte sig med Muhammed 626 men dog endast några månader efter att äktenskapet hade ingåtts.</li> <li>Hind bint abu Umayya (kallas <a href="/wiki/Umm_Salama" title="Umm Salama">Umm Salama</a>), äktades 626 och var den hustru som levde näst längst.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaynab_bint_Jahsh" title="Zaynab bint Jahsh">Zaynab bint Djahsh</a>, adoptivsonen Zayds frånskilda hustru.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djuwayriya_bint_al-Harith" title="Djuwayriya bint al-Harith">Djuwayriya bint al-Harith</a>, var en krigsfånge och slavinna som Muhammed köpte fri sedan hon lovat att gifta sig med honom 626.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safiyya_bint_Huyayy" title="Safiyya bint Huyayy">Safiya bint Huayy</a>, judinna och ursprungligen slavkonkubin, som efter att ha konverterat till islam gifte sig med Muhammed år 627.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramla_bint_abu_Sufyan" title="Ramla bint abu Sufyan">Ramla bint abu Sufyan</a> (kallad Umm Habiba) gifte sig med Muhammed 628.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimuna_bint_al-Harith" title="Maimuna bint al-Harith">Maimuna bint al-Harith</a>, var Muhammeds sista hustru och äktenskapet ingicks 629. Det var också hon som levde längst av hustrurna.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lista_över_konkubiner"><span id="Lista_.C3.B6ver_konkubiner"></span>Lista över konkubiner</h3></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Rayhana_bint_Zayd" title="Rayhana bint Zayd">Rayhana bint Zayd</a>, judisk <a href="/wiki/Konkubinat_inom_islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkubinat inom islam">slavkonkubin</a>; hon togs som krigsbyte 627. Det har diskuterats huruvida hon senare blev gift med Muhammed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safiyya_bint_Huyayy" title="Safiyya bint Huyayy">Safiya bint Huayy</a>, judinna och tagen som krigsbyte; hon var en slavkonkubin innan hon gifte sig med Muhammed år 627.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_al-Qibtiyya" title="Maria al-Qibtiyya">Maria</a> var en <a href="/wiki/Kopter" title="Kopter">koptisk</a> kristen slavkonkubin från Egypten som Muhammed fått i gåva 628; hon födde Muhammed en son 630, Ibrahim, som dog vid två års ålder.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"En annan [utöver Rayhana] vacker slavkvinna som han anskaffade som krigsfånge", enligt <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubayda_ibn_al-Jarrah" title="Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah">Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah</a>; <sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"En slavkvinna som <a href="/wiki/Zaynab_bint_Jahsh" title="Zaynab bint Jahsh">Zaynab bint Jahsh</a> gav till honom", enligt Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah <sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muslimers_syn_på_Muhammed"><span id="Muslimers_syn_p.C3.A5_Muhammed"></span>Muslimers syn på Muhammed</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kalligraphie_muhammad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kalligraphie_muhammad.jpg/250px-Kalligraphie_muhammad.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kalligraphie_muhammad.jpg/500px-Kalligraphie_muhammad.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2061" data-file-height="2680" /></a><figcaption>Kalligrafi av Muhammeds namn i form av en blomma.</figcaption></figure> <p>Muhammed varnade starkt sina efterföljare för att begå vad han ansåg var de kristnas misstag och upphöja honom till gudomlig nivå. Han underströk att han var en vanlig människa med en ovanlig och unik uppgift, att de skulle följa Koranen och Ahl al-Bayt (se <a href="/wiki/Hadith_al-Thaqalayn" title="Hadith al-Thaqalayn">Hadith al-Thaqalayn</a>). Genom sina snabba erövringar av mycket gamla kulturområden befolkade mest av kristna och <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrism" title="Zoroastrism">zoroastrier</a> fick muslimerna ett starkt tillskott av andra seder och synsätt. </p><p>Muhammed, liksom <a href="/wiki/De_tolv_imamerna" title="De tolv imamerna">de tolv stora imamerna</a>, anses av <a href="/wiki/Shia" title="Shia">shiamuslimer</a> vara <a href="/wiki/Felfrihet_(islam)" title="Felfrihet (islam)">ofelbara</a>. Enligt <a href="/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni">sunnimuslimer</a> så var Muhammed inte ofelbar i handling, utan bara i hans ofelbart nedtecknande av Guds ord – Koranen.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avbildande_av_Muhammed">Avbildande av Muhammed</h3></div> <p>Enligt många muslimer får Muhammed inte avbildas; detta är dock en omstridd fråga inom islam och det har genom historien förekommit avbildningar av Muhammed även i muslimsk litteratur och konst. Bildförbudet har utvecklat den <a href="/wiki/Kalligrafi" title="Kalligrafi">islamiska kalligrafin</a> när konstnärerna kompenserade det med dekorerade texter. I nutid har avbildandeförbudet lett till kontroverser. Filmen <i><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_%E2%80%93_h%C3%A4rf%C3%B6raren" title="Mohammed – härföraren">Mohammed – härföraren</a></i> (1976) av den muslimske filmmakaren <a href="/wiki/Moustapha_Akkad" title="Moustapha Akkad">Moustapha Akkad</a> skildrar Muhammeds livsgärning utan att han syns i bild eller hörs tala men blev trots detta kontroversiell. År 2005 ledde publicering av satiriska <a href="/wiki/Muhammedbilderna_i_Jyllands-Posten" title="Muhammedbilderna i Jyllands-Posten">Muhammedbilder i danska tidningen <i>Jyllands-Posten</i></a> till internationella förvecklingar och krav på bojkott av <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">danska</a> varor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Enligt_imamiter">Enligt imamiter</h4></div> <p>Enligt shiitiska <a href="/wiki/Imamiterna" title="Imamiterna">imamiter</a> är det inte tillåtet att måla eller sprida bilder som ska föreställa felfria personer som profeter och shiaimamer, ifall det räknas som förolämpning mot de felfria personerna. Det existerar dock inga riktiga historiska bilder av shiaimamerna. Enligt <a href="/wiki/Ayatolla" title="Ayatolla">ayatolla</a> <a href="/wiki/Naser_Makarem_Shirazi" title="Naser Makarem Shirazi">Makarem Shirazi</a> är det inget problem att hänga upp bilder som ska föreställa sådana heliga personer i hem, moskéer och på andra platser, ifall bilderna inte är olämpliga och inte definitivt går att tillskrivas till de heliga personerna.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enligt ayatolla <a href="/wiki/Ali_as-Sistani" title="Ali as-Sistani">Sistani</a> är det inget problem att måla en bild eller producera en scen som visar Muhammed eller andra heliga personer och visa det för allmänheten, ifall tillbörlig aktning och respekt iakttas, och scenen inte innehåller något som skulle minska från deras heliga bilder i medvetandet [hos tittarna].<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Icke-muslimers_syn_på_Muhammed"><span id="Icke-muslimers_syn_p.C3.A5_Muhammed"></span>Icke-muslimers syn på Muhammed</h2></div> <p>Traditionellt räknar varken judendomen eller kristendomen Muhammed som profet. <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a> avbildade i Inferno Muhammed som en "söndrare av religionen" som därför evigt pinas i helvetet. Detta torde vara en ganska representativ bild av hur Muhammed har betraktats under många århundraden bland judar och kristna. </p><p>Inom historieforskningen finns en bild av Muhammed som härförare och politiker, samt grundare till en av världsreligionerna. </p><p>Bahaier hävdar att Muhammed är en i raden av de "stora själar" som Gud utser till guds<a href="/wiki/Uppenbarelse" title="Uppenbarelse">uppenbarelser</a>. Dessa gudomliga uppenbarare framställer Guds vilja för mänskligheten när denna nått ett nytt mognadsstadium. Muhammed betraktas således inte som den siste profeten och senare uppenbarare, som <a href="/wiki/Bahaullah" title="Bahaullah">Bahá'u'lláh</a>, anses ha rätt att upphäva religiösa lagar stiftade av dem som föregått honom. Enligt en del källor berodde Muhammeds uppenbarelser på att han hade epilepsi, den förste lärde som hävdade detta var den bysantinske historikern <a href="/wiki/Theofanes_bek%C3%A4nnaren" title="Theofanes bekännaren">Theofanes Confessor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sina_2008,_61_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sina_2008,_61-109"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í">Bahá'íerna</a> betraktar Muhammed som Guds ende uppenbarare i Muhammeds religionsordning, vilken avslutades år 1260 enligt muslimsk tideräkning (1844) i och med att <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a> framträdde. Muhammed anses särskilt ha riktat sig till de folk i Mellanöstern som inte hade tagit till sig kristendomen och judendomen. Han framträdde i Mecka där klaner och stammar låg i krig med varandra och där laglöshet och kränkning av kvinnor var mycket vanligt. Eftersom Muhammed anses ha övervunnit allt detta och skapat en vidsträckt civilisation under Gud riktar sig hans uppenbarelse till hela mänskligheten. Bahá'íerna håller därför Muhammeds uppenbarelse för en oumbärlig byggsten i Guds religion, i samma grad som Kristi uppenbarelse. Koranen är enligt Bahá'u'lláh Guds ord, men traditioner och berättelser om Muhammeds liv ges ingen större relevans av källkritiska skäl. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_H._Hart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael H. Hart [inte skriven än]">Michael H. Hart</a> placerade Muhammed på första plats i sin bok "The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History" från 1978. Han argumenterade det valet genom att säga att Muhammed var den enda personen i historien som var ytterst framgångsrik på både ett religiöst och sekulärt plan.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tryckta_källor"><span id="Tryckta_k.C3.A4llor"></span>Tryckta källor</h3></div> <ul><li>Abel, Armand (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/bahira-SIM_1050">"Baḥīrā"</a>. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Brill.</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFArmstrong_2006"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Armstrong" title="Karen Armstrong">Armstrong, Karen</a> (2006) (på engelska), <i><span>Mohammad</span></i>, New York, USA: HarperOne</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mohammad&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+Karen&rft.date=2006&rft.place=New+York%2C+USA&rft.pub=HarperOne&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Al-A'zami, Muhammad Mustafa (2003), <i>The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments</i>. UK Islamic Academy. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-872531-65-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-872531-65-6">ISBN 978-1-872531-65-6</a>.</li> <li>Bogle, Emory C. (1998). <a href="//archive.org/details/islam00emor" class="extiw" title="iarchive:islam00emor">Islam: Origin and Belief</a>. Texas University Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-292-70862-4" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-292-70862-4">ISBN 978-0-292-70862-4</a>.</li> <li>Buhl, F.; Welch, A.T. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/muhammad-COM_0780">"Muḥammad"</a>. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 7 (2nd ed.). Brill. S. 360–376. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-90-04-09419-2" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-90-04-09419-2">ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Esposito" title="John L. Esposito">Esposito, John</a> (1998). <a href="//archive.org/details/islamstraightpat00espo_0" class="extiw" title="iarchive:islamstraightpat00espo 0">Islam: The Straight Path</a> (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-19-511234-4" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-19-511234-4">ISBN 978-0-19-511234-4</a>.</li> <li>Esposito, John, ed. (2003). <a href="//archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00bada/page/198" class="extiw" title="iarchive:oxforddictionary00bada/page/198">The Oxford Dictionary of Islam</a>. S. 198. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-19-512558-0" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-19-512558-0">ISBN 978-0-19-512558-0</a>. Hämtad 19 juni 2012.</li> <li>Haaren, John Henry; Addison B. Poland (1904). <a href="//archive.org/details/famousmenofmiddl00robs" class="extiw" title="iarchive:famousmenofmiddl00robs">Famous Men of the Middle Ages</a>. University Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-882514-05-2" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-882514-05-2">ISBN 978-1-882514-05-2</a>.</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFLings_2006"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Lings" title="Martin Lings">Lings, Martin</a> (2006) (på engelska), <i><span>Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources</span></i> (3), Rochester, USA: Inner Traditions, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978_1_59477_153_8" title="Special:Bokkällor/978 1 59477 153 8">ISBN 978 1 59477 153 8</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+His+Life+Based+on+the+Earliest+Sources&rft.aulast=Lings&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Lings%2C+Martin&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=3&rft.place=Rochester%2C+USA&rft.pub=Inner+Traditions&rft.isbn=978+1+59477+153+8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Momen, Moojan (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-300-03531-5" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-300-03531-5">ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5</a>.</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFNasr_2001"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasr_Seyyed_Hossein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasr Seyyed Hossein [inte skriven än]">Nasr, Seyyed Hossein</a> (2001) (på engelska), <i><span>Ideals and Realities of Islam</span></i>, The Islamic Texts Society</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideals+and+Realities+of+Islam&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Seyyed+Hossein&rft.au=Nasr%2C+Seyyed+Hossein&rft.date=2001&rft.pub=The+Islamic+Texts+Society&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Peters, Francis Edward (1994). <a href="//archive.org/details/muhammadorigins00pete" class="extiw" title="iarchive:muhammadorigins00pete">Muhammad and the Origins of Islam</a>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-7914-1876-5" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-7914-1876-5">ISBN 978-0-7914-1876-5</a>.</li> <li>Ramadan, Tariq (2007). <a href="//archive.org/details/infootstepsofpro00rama" class="extiw" title="iarchive:infootstepsofpro00rama">In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-19-530880-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-19-530880-8">ISBN 978-0-19-530880-8</a>.</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFRodinson1975">Rodinson, Maxime (1975) (på franska). <i><span>Mahomet.</span></i>. Collection Points. Série Politique, 0554-5412 ; 17. Paris: Seuil. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/4636193">4636193</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/2-02-000321-X" title="Special:Bokkällor/2-02-000321-X">ISBN 2-02-000321-X</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mahomet.&rft.aulast=Rodinson&rft.aufirst=Maxime&rft.au=Rodinson%2C+Maxime&rft.date=1975&rft.series=Collection+Points.+S%C3%A9rie+Politique%2C+0554-5412+%3B+17&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Seuil&rft.isbn=2-02-000321-X&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFRogerson_2004"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barnaby_Rogerson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barnaby Rogerson [inte skriven än]">Rogerson, Barnaby</a> (2004) (på engelska), <i><span>The Prophet Muhammad</span></i> (2), London, Storbritannien: Abacus, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0_349_11586_9" title="Special:Bokkällor/0 349 11586 9">ISBN 0 349 11586 9</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prophet+Muhammad&rft.aulast=Rogerson&rft.aufirst=Barnaby&rft.au=Rogerson%2C+Barnaby&rft.date=2004&rft.edition=2&rft.place=London%2C+Storbritannien&rft.pub=Abacus&rft.isbn=0+349+11586+9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFSina_2008">Sina, Ali (2008), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bDOlAjrkZl8C&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=muhammad+epilepsy&source=bl&ots=-O7vr3k3rb&sig=NxUX_Z0DkhfmhcCFDik-8SprmiE&hl=sv&ei=J-zSS4D1HeSdOK2pxOwC&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEMQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20epilepsy&f=false">(på Google Books) Understanding Mohammed</a></i><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bDOlAjrkZl8C&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=muhammad+epilepsy&source=bl&ots=-O7vr3k3rb&sig=NxUX_Z0DkhfmhcCFDik-8SprmiE&hl=sv&ei=J-zSS4D1HeSdOK2pxOwC&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEMQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20epilepsy&f=false">http://books.google.com/books?id=bDOlAjrkZl8C&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=muhammad+epilepsy&source=bl&ots=-O7vr3k3rb&sig=NxUX_Z0DkhfmhcCFDik-8SprmiE&hl=sv&ei=J-zSS4D1HeSdOK2pxOwC&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEMQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20epilepsy&f=false</a> (på Google Books)</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Mohammed&rft.aulast=Sina&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.au=Sina%2C+Ali&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbDOlAjrkZl8C%26pg%3DPA113%26lpg%3DPA113%26dq%3Dmuhammad%2Bepilepsy%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3D-O7vr3k3rb%26sig%3DNxUX_Z0DkhfmhcCFDik-8SprmiE%26hl%3Dsv%26ei%3DJ-zSS4D1HeSdOK2pxOwC%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D10%26ved%3D0CEMQ6AEwCTgK%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dmuhammad%2520epilepsy%26f%3Dfalse+%28p%C3%A5+Google+Books%29&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Stillman, Norman A. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bFN2ismyhEYC&pg=PA236">The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book</a>. Jewish Publication Society. S. 236. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-8276-0198-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-8276-0198-7">ISBN 978-0-8276-0198-7</a>.</li> <li>Watt, W. Montgomery (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/amina-SIM_0601">"Āmina"</a>. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Brill.</li> <li>Watt, W. Montgomery (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/halima-bint-abi-dhuayb-SIM_2648">"Ḥalīma Bint Abī Ḏh̲uʾayb"</a>. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Brill.</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWatt1974">Watt, W. Montgomery (1974) (på engelska). <i><span>Muhammad: prohet and statesman</span></i>. Galaxy book, 0433-1133 ; 409 ([New ed.]). New York: Oxford U. P. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/4632783">4632783</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-19-881078-4" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-19-881078-4">ISBN 0-19-881078-4</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+prohet+and+statesman&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rft.au=Watt%2C+W.+Montgomery&rft.date=1974&rft.series=Galaxy+book%2C+0433-1133+%3B+409&rft.edition=%5BNew+ed.%5D&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+U.+P.&rft.isbn=0-19-881078-4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWalker1998">Walker, Benjamin (1998) (på engelska). <i><span>Foundations of Islam: the making of a world faith</span></i>. London: Peter Owen. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/5519262">5519262</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-7206-1038-9" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-7206-1038-9">ISBN 0-7206-1038-9</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+Islam%3A+the+making+of+a+world+faith&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.au=Walker%2C+Benjamin&rft.date=1998&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Peter+Owen&rft.isbn=0-7206-1038-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Webbkällor"><span id="Webbk.C3.A4llor"></span>Webbkällor</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbr/0667.html">Muhammed</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (andra upplagan, 1913)</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFAllama">Allama Sheikh Yasser Al-Habib, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723013025/http://alqatrah.net/en/edara/index.php?id=91">A'isha was not a child when the Prophet married her</a></i>, arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alqatrah.net/en/edara/index.php?id=91">ursprungsadressen</a>  den 2011-07-23<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723013025/http://alqatrah.net/en/edara/index.php?id=91">https://web.archive.org/web/20110723013025/http://alqatrah.net/en/edara/index.php?id=91</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A%27isha+was+not+a+child+when+the+Prophet+married+her&rft.aulast=Allama+Sheikh+Yasser+Al-Habib&rft.au=Allama+Sheikh+Yasser+Al-Habib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110723013025%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Falqatrah.net%2Fen%2Fedara%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D91&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFShanavas">Shanavas, T.O., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studying-islam.org/articletext.aspx?id=935">Was Ayesha A Six-Year-Old Bride? The Ancient Myth Exposed</a></i><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.studying-islam.org/articletext.aspx?id=935">http://www.studying-islam.org/articletext.aspx?id=935</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Was+Ayesha+A+Six-Year-Old+Bride%3F+The+Ancient+Myth+Exposed&rft.aulast=Shanavas&rft.aufirst=T.O.&rft.au=Shanavas%2C+T.O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studying-islam.org%2Farticletext.aspx%3Fid%3D935&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Källhänvisningar"><span id="K.C3.A4llh.C3.A4nvisningar"></span>Källhänvisningar</h3></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550">”Muḥammad - Oxford Islamic Studies Online”</a>. <i><span>www.oxfordislamicstudies.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550">http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 januari 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+-+Oxford+Islamic+Studies+Online&rft.atitle=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordislamicstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft236%2Fe0550&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i>Koranens budskap</i>, i svensk tolkning av Mohammed Knut Bernström, med kommentarer av Muhammad Asad (Stockholm, 2000) <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-7118-887-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-7118-887-8">ISBN 91-7118-887-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/8370454">8370454</a> Sura 2, not 119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bud3345-3">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-bud3345_3-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bud3345_3-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i>Koranens budskap</i>, i svensk tolkning av Mohammed Knut Bernström, med kommentarer av Muhammad Asad (Stockholm, 2000) <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-7118-887-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-7118-887-8">ISBN 91-7118-887-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/8370454">8370454</a> Sura 33, not 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Koranens budskap</i>, i svensk tolkning av Mohammed Knut Bernström, med kommentarer av Muhammad Asad (Stockholm, 2000) <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-7118-887-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-7118-887-8">ISBN 91-7118-887-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/8370454">8370454</a> Sura 11, not 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Koranens budskap</i>, i svensk tolkning av Mohammed Knut Bernström, med kommentarer av Muhammad Asad (Stockholm, 2000) <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-7118-887-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-7118-887-8">ISBN 91-7118-887-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/8370454">8370454</a> Sura 88, not 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Koranens budskap</i>, i svensk tolkning av Mohammed Knut Bernström, med kommentarer av Muhammad Asad (Stockholm, 2000) <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-7118-887-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-7118-887-8">ISBN 91-7118-887-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/8370454">8370454</a> Sura 12, not 108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Koranens budskap</i>, i svensk tolkning av Mohammed Knut Bernström, med kommentarer av Muhammad Asad (Stockholm, 2000) <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-7118-887-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-7118-887-8">ISBN 91-7118-887-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/8370454">8370454</a> Sura 5, not 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Koranens budskap</i>, i svensk tolkning av Mohammed Knut Bernström, med kommentarer av Muhammad Asad (Stockholm, 2000) <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-7118-887-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-7118-887-8">ISBN 91-7118-887-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/8370454">8370454</a> Sura 33, not 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Esposito 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Marr J.S., Hubbard E., Cathey J.T. (2014): The Year of the Elephant. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.1186833 Hämtad 21 oktober 2014 (GMT).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity</i>; edited by Scott Fitzgerald Johnson; s. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Peters 1994, s. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-13">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Watt 1971.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Watt 1960.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armstrong_2006,_24-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Armstrong_2006,_24_15-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong2006">Armstrong 2006</a>, s. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lings_2006,_24-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Lings_2006,_24_16-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLings_2006">Lings 2006</a>, s. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_24-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_24_17-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogerson_2004">Rogerson 2004</a>, s. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lings_29,_33-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Lings_29,_33_18-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLings_2006">Lings 2006</a>, s. 29, 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_52-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_52_19-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogerson_2004">Rogerson 2004</a>, s. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armstrong_2006,_18-19-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Armstrong_2006,_18-19_20-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong_2006">Armstrong 2006</a>, s. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <span class="reference-text"> Phillips, Wendell <i>Qataban och Saba</i> Tidens bokklubb 1957</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lings_29-30-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Lings_29-30_22-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLings_2006">Lings 2006</a>, s. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_62-63-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_62-63_23-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogerson_2004">Rogerson 2004</a>, s. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Abel 1960.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=sv&id=3WAkAQAAIAAJ&q=Virgin+Mary+">Lings, Martin <i>Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources</i> sid. 17 och 300 (på Google Books)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFTeam">Team, Almaany. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%84/">”Translation and Meaning of الإفضال In English, English Arabic Dictionary of terms Page 1”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.almaany.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%84/">https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%84/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Translation+and+Meaning+of+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%84+In+English%2C+English+Arabic+Dictionary+of+terms+Page+1&rft.atitle=www.almaany.com&rft.aulast=Team&rft.aufirst=Almaany&rft.au=Team%2C+Almaany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almaany.com%2Fen%2Fdict%2Far-en%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D9%2581%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFTeam">Team, Almaany. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%81/">”Translation and Meaning of حلف In English, English Arabic Dictionary of terms Page 1”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.almaany.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%81/">https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%81/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Translation+and+Meaning+of+%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%81+In+English%2C+English+Arabic+Dictionary+of+terms+Page+1&rft.atitle=www.almaany.com&rft.aulast=Team&rft.aufirst=Almaany&rft.au=Team%2C+Almaany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almaany.com%2Fen%2Fdict%2Far-en%2F%25D8%25AD%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Guraya, Muhammad Yusuf (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847120">"JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS IN PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIA"</a>. Islamic Studies. 18 (4): 338. ISSN 0578-8072.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-islam.org/life-muhammad-prophet-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/early-years">”Early Years”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Al-Islam.org</span></i>. 18 oktober 2012<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.al-islam.org/life-muhammad-prophet-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/early-years">https://www.al-islam.org/life-muhammad-prophet-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/early-years</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Early+Years&rft.atitle=Al-Islam.org&rft.date=18+oktober+2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-islam.org%2Flife-muhammad-prophet-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi%2Fearly-years&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-islam.org/muhammad-yasin-jibouri/birth-and-dawah">”Birth and Da'wah”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Al-Islam.org</span></i>. 6 januari 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.al-islam.org/muhammad-yasin-jibouri/birth-and-dawah">https://www.al-islam.org/muhammad-yasin-jibouri/birth-and-dawah</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Birth+and+Da%27wah&rft.atitle=Al-Islam.org&rft.date=6+januari+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-islam.org%2Fmuhammad-yasin-jibouri%2Fbirth-and-dawah&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bev3-31">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-bev3_31-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bev3_31-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i>Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History</i> (2005), v. 3, s. 1025.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armstrong_2006,_25-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Armstrong_2006,_25_32-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong_2006">Armstrong 2006</a>, s. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Nordisk familje lexikon,1978</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFCole1996">Cole, W. Owen (1996-06-01) (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YpSvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA240">Six World Faiths</a></i>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-4411-5928-1" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-4411-5928-1">ISBN 978-1-4411-5928-1</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YpSvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA240">https://books.google.com/books?id=YpSvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA240</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 april 2023</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Six+World+Faiths&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=W.+Owen&rft.au=Cole%2C+W.+Owen&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-5928-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYpSvAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA240&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Emory C. Bogle (1998), s. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <span class="reference-text">John Henry Haaren, Addison B. Poland (1904), s. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-islam.org/nahjul-balagha-part-1-sermons/sermon-192-praise-be-allah-who-wears-apparel-honour-and-dignity">”Sermon 192: Praise be to Allah who wears the apparel of Honour and Dignity…”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.al-islam.org</span></i>. 27 december 2017<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.al-islam.org/nahjul-balagha-part-1-sermons/sermon-192-praise-be-allah-who-wears-apparel-honour-and-dignity">https://www.al-islam.org/nahjul-balagha-part-1-sermons/sermon-192-praise-be-allah-who-wears-apparel-honour-and-dignity</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 april 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Sermon+192%3A+Praise+be+to+Allah+who+wears+the+apparel+of+Honour+and+Dignity%E2%80%A6&rft.atitle=www.al-islam.org&rft.date=27+december+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-islam.org%2Fnahjul-balagha-part-1-sermons%2Fsermon-192-praise-be-allah-who-wears-apparel-honour-and-dignity&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_90-92-38">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_90-92_38-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_90-92_38-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogerson_2004">Rogerson 2004</a>, s. 90–92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lings_2006,_44-46-39">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Lings_2006,_44-46_39-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lings_2006,_44-46_39-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLings_2006">Lings 2006</a>, s. 44–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-islam.org/restatement-history-islam-and-muslims-sayyid-ali-ashgar-razwy/birth-islam-and-proclamation-muhammad">”The Birth of Islam and the Proclamation by Muhammad of his Mission”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Al-Islam.org</span></i>. 10 november 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.al-islam.org/restatement-history-islam-and-muslims-sayyid-ali-ashgar-razwy/birth-islam-and-proclamation-muhammad">https://www.al-islam.org/restatement-history-islam-and-muslims-sayyid-ali-ashgar-razwy/birth-islam-and-proclamation-muhammad</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 juni 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+Islam+and+the+Proclamation+by+Muhammad+of+his+Mission&rft.atitle=Al-Islam.org&rft.date=10+november+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-islam.org%2Frestatement-history-islam-and-muslims-sayyid-ali-ashgar-razwy%2Fbirth-islam-and-proclamation-muhammad&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infidelsunited.com/pdfs/Understanding_Muhammad_by_Ali_Sina.pdf"><i>Understanding Muhammad</i> av Ali Sina, sid. 114</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111211071810/http://infidelsunited.com/pdfs/Understanding_Muhammad_by_Ali_Sina.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 11 december 2011 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbr/0666.html">Nordisk familjebok sp. 1276</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wiebke104-43"><a href="#cite_ref-wiebke104_43-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWalther1993">Walther, Wiebke (1993). <i><span>Women in Islam</span></i>. Markus Wiener Publishing Inc. sid. 104</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Islam&rft.aulast=Walther&rft.aufirst=Wiebke&rft.au=Walther%2C+Wiebke&rft.date=1993&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B104&rft.pub=Markus+Wiener+Publishing+Inc.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170425165314/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/058-sbt.php#005.058.234">”Merits of the Helpers in Madinah (Ansaar)”</a>. <i><span>Merits of the Helpers in Madinah (Ansaar)</span></i>. Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/058-sbt.php#005.058.234">originalet</a> den 25 april 2017<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170425165314/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/058-sbt.php#005.058.234">https://web.archive.org/web/20170425165314/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/058-sbt.php#005.058.234</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 17 januari 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Merits+of+the+Helpers+in+Madinah+%28Ansaar%29&rft.atitle=Merits+of+the+Helpers+in+Madinah+%28Ansaar%29&rft.pub=Center+for+Muslim-Jewish+Engagement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170425165314%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.edu%2Forg%2Fcmje%2Freligious-texts%2Fhadith%2Fbukhari%2F058-sbt.php%23005.058.234&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFLowe2022">Lowe, Rebecca (2022-03-24) (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DXtYEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT202&dq=the+age+of+aisha+marriage+muhammad+difference+opinion&hl=sv">The Slow Road to Tehran: A Revelatory Bike Ride through Europe and the Middle East</a></i>. September Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-914613-03-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-914613-03-6">ISBN 978-1-914613-03-6</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DXtYEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT202&dq=the+age+of+aisha+marriage+muhammad+difference+opinion&hl=sv">https://books.google.com/books?id=DXtYEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT202&dq=the+age+of+aisha+marriage+muhammad+difference+opinion&hl=sv</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 13 januari 2024</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slow+Road+to+Tehran%3A+A+Revelatory+Bike+Ride+through+Europe+and+the+Middle+East&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.au=Lowe%2C+Rebecca&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft.pub=September+Publishing&rft.isbn=978-1-914613-03-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDXtYEAAAQBAJ%26newbks%3D0%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26pg%3DPT202%26dq%3Dthe%2Bage%2Bof%2Baisha%2Bmarriage%2Bmuhammad%2Bdifference%2Bopinion%26hl%3Dsv&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lings_2006,_35-37-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Lings_2006,_35-37_46-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLings2006">Lings 2006</a>, s. 35–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armstrong_2006,_26-47">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Armstrong_2006,_26_47-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Armstrong_2006,_26_47-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong_2006">Armstrong 2006</a>, s. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFAnand2022">Anand, Kanhaiya Jee (2022-12-24) (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=beajEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA100&dq&hl=sv">Science Of Geeta,Juidaisim Christianity Islam Buddhism Jainism Sikhism Zoroastrian Ajivika & Sanatan Hinduism</a></i>. BFC Publications. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-93-5632-456-5" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-93-5632-456-5">ISBN 978-93-5632-456-5</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=beajEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA100&dq&hl=sv">https://books.google.com/books?id=beajEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA100&dq&hl=sv</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 13 januari 2024</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+Of+Geeta%2CJuidaisim+Christianity+Islam+Buddhism+Jainism+Sikhism+Zoroastrian+Ajivika+%26+Sanatan+Hinduism&rft.aulast=Anand&rft.aufirst=Kanhaiya+Jee&rft.au=Anand%2C+Kanhaiya+Jee&rft.date=2022-12-24&rft.pub=BFC+Publications&rft.isbn=978-93-5632-456-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbeajEAAAQBAJ%26newbks%3D0%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26pg%3DPA100%26dq%26hl%3Dsv&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbr/0668.html">Muhammed sp. 1279</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (andra upplagan, 1913)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mall:Hadith-usc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mall:Hadith-usc [inte skriven än]">Mall:Hadith-usc</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami (2003), <i>The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments</i>, s. 26–27. UK Islamic Academy. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-872531-65-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-872531-65-6">ISBN 978-1-872531-65-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Ramadan 2007, s. 37–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5-53">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5_53-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5_53-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5_53-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_kap_5_53-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogerson_2004">Rogerson 2004</a>, 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-54">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFHildebrandHjärnePflugk-Harttung">Hildebrand, Hans; Hjärne, Harald; Pflugk-Harttung, Julius von. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/vrldhist/3/0163.html">”141 (Världshistoria / Orienten)”</a>. <i><span>runeberg.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://runeberg.org/vrldhist/3/0163.html">https://runeberg.org/vrldhist/3/0163.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 augusti 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=141+%28V%C3%A4rldshistoria+%2F+Orienten%29&rft.atitle=runeberg.org&rft.aulast=Hildebrand&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.au=Hildebrand%2C+Hans&rft.au=Hj%C3%A4rne%2C+Harald&rft.au=Pflugk-Harttung%2C+Julius+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fvrldhist%2F3%2F0163.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Rubin, Uri (1997), The eye of the beholder: the life of Muḥammad as viewed by the early Muslims: a textual analysis, Princeton, NJ: Darwin Press (published 1995), p. 161, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-87850-110-X" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-87850-110-X">ISBN 0-87850-110-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <span class="reference-text">ibn Isḥāq ibn Yasār, Muḥammad; Ibn Hishām, ʻAbd al-Malik, Sīrat Rasūl Allāh</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Ṭabarī, Ṭabarī, Tārīkh ar-Rusul wal-Mulūk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Ṭabarānī, Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad, al-Mu'jam al-Kabīr</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBrown2011">Brown, Jonathan A. C. (2011-03-24) (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9JafXLrLiwYC&pg=PA17">Muhammad: A Very Short Introduction</a></i>. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-19-151027-4" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-19-151027-4">ISBN 978-0-19-151027-4</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9JafXLrLiwYC&pg=PA17">https://books.google.com/books?id=9JafXLrLiwYC&pg=PA17</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 mars 2023</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+A.+C.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Jonathan+A.+C.&rft.date=2011-03-24&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.isbn=978-0-19-151027-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9JafXLrLiwYC%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-60">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:4_60-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_60-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_60-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_60-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Buhl & Welch 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Momen 1985, s. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_112-113-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_112-113_62-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogerson2004">Rogerson 2004</a>, s. 112–113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armstrong_2006,_82-85-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Armstrong_2006,_82-85_63-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmstrong2006">Armstrong 2006</a>, s. 82–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami 2003, s. 30–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami 2003, s. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070812205939/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v1f8/v1f8a043.html">"Ali ibn Abitalib"</a>. Encyclopedia Iranica. Arkiverad från originalet den 12 augusti 2007. Hämtad 25 oktober 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-67"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_67-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFAl_Tabari1997">Al Tabari (1997), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201">Volume 8, Victory of Islam</a></i>, State University of New York Press, s. 35–36, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9780791431504" title="Special:Bokkällor/9780791431504">ISBN 9780791431504</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201">https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volume+8%2C+Victory+of+Islam&rft.aulast=Al+Tabari&rft.au=Al+Tabari&rft.date=1997&rft.pages=s.%26nbsp%3B35%E2%80%9336&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.isbn=9780791431504&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-ppPqzawIrIC%26pg%3DPA201&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D%C3%B6da_l%C3%A4nkar" title="Wikipedia:Döda länkar">[<span title="Denna externa länk fungerar inte (2023-03)"><i>död länk</i></span>]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFIbn_Ishaq1955">Ibn Ishaq (1955), <i><span>The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah)</span></i>, Oxford University Press, s. 464, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-19-636033-1" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-19-636033-1">ISBN 978-0-19-636033-1</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Muhammad+%28Sirat+Rasul+Allah%29&rft.aulast=Ibn+Ishaq&rft.au=Ibn+Ishaq&rft.date=1955&rft.pages=s.%26nbsp%3B464&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-19-636033-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-69">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:2_69-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_69-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Esposito 1998, s. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/muhammad">”Muhammad”</a>. <i><span>www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/muhammad">https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/muhammad</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 augusti 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Muhammad&rft.atitle=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fmuhammad&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://answering-islam.org/svenska/islam/muhammed/muhammeds-aendring-av-qibla.html">Answering islam</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Esposito, John. (1998), Islam: the Straight Path, extended edition. Oxford university press, s.17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Jacob Neusner, God's Rule: The Politics of World Religions, s. 153, Georgetown University Press, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-87840-910-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-87840-910-6">ISBN 0-87840-910-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bukhari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mall:Hadith-usc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mall:Hadith-usc [inte skriven än]">Mall:Hadith-usc</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Daniel W. Brown, <i>A New Introduction to Islam</i>, p. 81, 2003, Blackwell Publishers, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-631-21604-9" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-631-21604-9">ISBN 0-631-21604-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_University_Press-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_University_Press_76-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFIbn_Ishaq1955">Ibn Ishaq (1955), <i><span>The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah)</span></i>, Oxford University Press, s. 461–464, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-19-636033-1" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-19-636033-1">ISBN 978-0-19-636033-1</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Muhammad+%28Sirat+Rasul+Allah%29&rft.aulast=Ibn+Ishaq&rft.au=Ibn+Ishaq&rft.date=1955&rft.pages=s.%26nbsp%3B461%E2%80%93464&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-19-636033-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peters223-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Peters223_77-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Peters, <i>Muhammad and the Origins of Islam</i>, p. 222-224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Stillman 1979, s. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inamdar-79"><a href="#cite_ref-Inamdar_79-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFSubhash_C._Inamdar2001">Subhash C. Inamdar (2001), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PNDXAAAAMAAJ&q">Muhammad and the Rise of Islam: The Creation of Group Identity</a></i>, Psychosocial Press, s. 166 (footnotes), <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/1887841288" title="Special:Bokkällor/1887841288">ISBN 1887841288</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PNDXAAAAMAAJ&q">https://books.google.com/books?id=PNDXAAAAMAAJ&q</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+and+the+Rise+of+Islam%3A+The+Creation+of+Group+Identity&rft.aulast=Subhash+C.+Inamdar&rft.au=Subhash+C.+Inamdar&rft.date=2001&rft.pages=s.%26nbsp%3B166+%28footnotes%29&rft.pub=Psychosocial+Press&rft.isbn=1887841288&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPNDXAAAAMAAJ%26q&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Stillman 1979, s. 14–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated7-81"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_81-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFRahman_al-Mubarakpuri2005">Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, Safiur (2005), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201">The Sealed Nectar</a></i>, Darussalam Publications, s. 201–205<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201">https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sealed+Nectar&rft.aulast=Rahman+al-Mubarakpuri&rft.aufirst=Safiur&rft.au=Rahman+al-Mubarakpuri%2C+Safiur&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=s.%26nbsp%3B201%E2%80%93205&rft.pub=Darussalam+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-ppPqzawIrIC%26pg%3DPA201&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D%C3%B6da_l%C3%A4nkar" title="Wikipedia:Döda länkar">[<span title="Denna externa länk fungerar inte (2023-03)"><i>död länk</i></span>]</a></sup> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/SM_tsn/ch4s10.html">online</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adil-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Adil_82-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Adil, <i>Muhammad: The Messenger of Islam</i>, p. 395f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_life_of_Mahomet-83"><a href="#cite_ref-The_life_of_Mahomet_83-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFWilliam_Muir2003"><a href="/wiki/William_Muir" title="William Muir">William Muir</a> (2003), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC">The life of Mahomet</a></i>, Kessinger Publishing, s. 329, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9780766177413" title="Special:Bokkällor/9780766177413">ISBN 9780766177413</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC">https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+life+of+Mahomet&rft.aulast=William+Muir&rft.au=William+Muir&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=s.%26nbsp%3B329&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.isbn=9780766177413&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQyIPouT4DqcC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D%C3%B6da_l%C3%A4nkar" title="Wikipedia:Döda länkar">[<span title="Denna externa länk fungerar inte (2023-03)"><i>död länk</i></span>]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFGuillaume1956">Guillaume, Alfred (1956). <i><span>Islam</span></i>. PENGUIN BOOKS. sid. 43ff</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam&rft.aulast=Guillaume&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft.au=Guillaume%2C+Alfred&rft.date=1956&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B43ff&rft.pub=PENGUIN+BOOKS&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/death.html">”DEATH OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD”</a>. <i><span>DEATH OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD</span></i>. Dr. A. Zahoor and Dr. Z. Haq<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/death.html">http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/death.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 december 2011</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=DEATH+OF+PROPHET+MUHAMMAD&rft.atitle=DEATH+OF+PROPHET+MUHAMMAD&rft.pub=Dr.+A.+Zahoor+and+Dr.+Z.+Haq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyberistan.org%2Fislamic%2Fdeath.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-86">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:1_86-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_86-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_86-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFHildebrandHjärnePflugk-Harttung">Hildebrand, Hans; Hjärne, Harald; Pflugk-Harttung, Julius von. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/vrldhist/3/0174.html">”152 (Världshistoria / Orienten)”</a>. <i><span>runeberg.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://runeberg.org/vrldhist/3/0174.html">https://runeberg.org/vrldhist/3/0174.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 augusti 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=152+%28V%C3%A4rldshistoria+%2F+Orienten%29&rft.atitle=runeberg.org&rft.aulast=Hildebrand&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.au=Hildebrand%2C+Hans&rft.au=Hj%C3%A4rne%2C+Harald&rft.au=Pflugk-Harttung%2C+Julius+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fvrldhist%2F3%2F0174.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-islam.org/misbah-uz-zulam-roots-karbala-tragedy-sayyid-imdad-imam/abu-bakrs-leading-prayer">”Abu Bakr’s Leading Of Prayer”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.al-islam.org</span></i>. 11 december 2014<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.al-islam.org/misbah-uz-zulam-roots-karbala-tragedy-sayyid-imdad-imam/abu-bakrs-leading-prayer">https://www.al-islam.org/misbah-uz-zulam-roots-karbala-tragedy-sayyid-imdad-imam/abu-bakrs-leading-prayer</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 mars 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Abu+Bakr%E2%80%99s+Leading+Of+Prayer&rft.atitle=www.al-islam.org&rft.date=11+december+2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-islam.org%2Fmisbah-uz-zulam-roots-karbala-tragedy-sayyid-imdad-imam%2Fabu-bakrs-leading-prayer&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-destinations.com/saudi-arabia/medina-prophets-mosque">”The Prophet's Mosque, Medina”</a>. <i><span>The Prophet's Mosque, Medina</span></i>. Sacred Destinations<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sacred-destinations.com/saudi-arabia/medina-prophets-mosque">http://www.sacred-destinations.com/saudi-arabia/medina-prophets-mosque</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 december 2011</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Prophet%27s+Mosque%2C+Medina&rft.atitle=The+Prophet%27s+Mosque%2C+Medina&rft.pub=Sacred+Destinations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-destinations.com%2Fsaudi-arabia%2Fmedina-prophets-mosque&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbl/0495.html">Islam</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (andra upplagan, 1910)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_137-90">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_137_90-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_137_90-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogerson_2004">Rogerson 2004</a>, s. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lings_2006,_220-221-91"><a href="#cite_ref-Lings_2006,_220-221_91-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLings_2006">Lings 2006</a>, s. 220–221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lings_2006,_221-92"><a href="#cite_ref-Lings_2006,_221_92-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLings_2006">Lings 2006</a>, s. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogerson_2004,_109-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Rogerson_2004,_109_93-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogerson_2004">Rogerson 2004</a>, s. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Pernilla, Myrne (2019). "Slaves for Pleasure in Arabic Sex and Slave Purchase Manuals from the Tenth to the Twelfth Centuries". Journal of Global Slavery. 4 (2): 196–225. doi:10.1163/2405836X-00402004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110924235503/http://www.cmje.org/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/058-sbt.php#005.058.236">[1]</a> Sahih Bukhari 5:58:236, läst 22 april 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120627225954/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/91/4575-sahih-bukhari-volume-005-book-058-hadith-number-236.html">”Sahih Bukhari Volume 005, Book 058, Hadith Number 236.”</a>. <i><span>Hadith Collection</span></i>. Hadith Collection. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/91/4575-sahih-bukhari-volume-005-book-058-hadith-number-236.html">originalet</a> den 27 juni 2012<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120627225954/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/91/4575-sahih-bukhari-volume-005-book-058-hadith-number-236.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20120627225954/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/91/4575-sahih-bukhari-volume-005-book-058-hadith-number-236.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 23 april 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Sahih+Bukhari+Volume+005%2C+Book+058%2C+Hadith+Number+236.&rft.atitle=Hadith+Collection&rft.pub=Hadith+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120627225954%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fhadithcollection.com%2Fsahihbukhari%2F91%2F4575-sahih-bukhari-volume-005-book-058-hadith-number-236.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-islam.org/articles/how-old-was-ayshah-when-she-married-prophet-muhammad-sayyid-muhammad-husayn-husayni-al">”How Old Was A’yshah When She Married The Prophet Muhammad?”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.al-islam.org</span></i>. 4 juni 2015<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.al-islam.org/articles/how-old-was-ayshah-when-she-married-prophet-muhammad-sayyid-muhammad-husayn-husayni-al">https://www.al-islam.org/articles/how-old-was-ayshah-when-she-married-prophet-muhammad-sayyid-muhammad-husayn-husayni-al</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 mars 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=How+Old+Was+A%E2%80%99yshah+When+She+Married+The+Prophet+Muhammad%3F&rft.atitle=www.al-islam.org&rft.date=4+juni+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-islam.org%2Farticles%2Fhow-old-was-ayshah-when-she-married-prophet-muhammad-sayyid-muhammad-husayn-husayni-al&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLings_2006">Lings 2006</a>, s. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr_2001">Nasr 2001</a>, s. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Taef El-Azhari, E. (2019). Queens, Eunuchs and Concubines in Islamic History, 661-1257. Storbritannien: Edinburgh University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.se/books?hl=sv&id=zLN2hNidLw4C&q=copt#v=snippet&q=copt&f=false"><i>Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman</i> av William Montgomery Watt sid.226</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Zaad al-Ma’aad, 1/114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Zaad al-Ma’aad, 1/114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114152633/http://www.islamiska.org/s/shia.htm">”Skillnaden Mellan Shiiterna och Majoriteten av Muslimska lärde”</a>. <i><span>Skillnaden Mellan Shiiterna och Majoriteten av Muslimska lärde</span></i>. islamiska.org. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamiska.org/s/shia.htm">originalet</a> den 14 januari 2012<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114152633/http://www.islamiska.org/s/shia.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20120114152633/http://www.islamiska.org/s/shia.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 december 2011</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Skillnaden+Mellan+Shiiterna+och+Majoriteten+av+Muslimska+l%C3%A4rde&rft.atitle=Skillnaden+Mellan+Shiiterna+och+Majoriteten+av+Muslimska+l%C3%A4rde&rft.pub=islamiska.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120114152633%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamiska.org%2Fs%2Fshia.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hadana.ir/%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%88-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C-%DA%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86/">”حکم تصویر و نقاشی چهره امامان | هدانا | HADANA.IR”</a> (på persiska). 15 september 2018<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://hadana.ir/%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%88-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C-%DA%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86/">https://hadana.ir/%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%88-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C-%DA%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 mars 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85+%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1+%D9%88+%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C+%DA%86%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%7C+%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7+%7C+HADANA.IR&rft.atitle=&rft.date=15+september+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhadana.ir%2F%25D8%25AD%25DA%25A9%25D9%2585-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B5%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1-%25D9%2588-%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C-%25DA%2586%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.islamquest.net/en/archive/fa694">”What is the Islamic law about pictures ascribed to the Imams (a.s.)? - Questions Archive”</a> (på brittisk engelska). <i><span>IslamQuest is a reference for Islamic questions on the internet</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.islamquest.net/en/archive/fa694">https://www.islamquest.net/en/archive/fa694</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 mars 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=What+is+the+Islamic+law+about+pictures+ascribed+to+the+Imams+%28a.s.%29%3F+-+Questions+Archive&rft.atitle=IslamQuest+is+a+reference+for+Islamic+questions+on+the+internet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamquest.net%2Fen%2Farchive%2Ffa694&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sistani.org/english/qa/01282/">”Pictures - Question & Answer - The Official Website of the Office of His Eminence Al-Sayyid Ali Al-Husseini Al-Sistani”</a>. <i><span>www.sistani.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sistani.org/english/qa/01282/">https://www.sistani.org/english/qa/01282/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 mars 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Pictures+-+Question+%26+Answer+-+The+Official+Website+of+the+Office+of+His+Eminence+Al-Sayyid+Ali+Al-Husseini+Al-Sistani&rft.atitle=www.sistani.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sistani.org%2Fenglish%2Fqa%2F01282%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbr/0665.html">Muhammed, på Runeberg.org</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (andra upplagan, 1913)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sina_2008,_61-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Sina_2008,_61_109-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSina_2008">Sina 2008</a>, s. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFSpencer2021">Spencer, Robert (2021-07-13) (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jhMuEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT24">Did Muhammad Exist?: An Inquiry into Islam’s Obscure Origins—Revised and Expanded Edition</a></i>. Bombardier Books. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-64293-854-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-64293-854-8">ISBN 978-1-64293-854-8</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jhMuEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT24">https://books.google.com/books?id=jhMuEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT24</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 17 november 2022</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Did+Muhammad+Exist%3F%3A+An+Inquiry+into+Islam%E2%80%99s+Obscure+Origins%E2%80%94Revised+and+Expanded+Edition&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Spencer%2C+Robert&rft.date=2021-07-13&rft.pub=Bombardier+Books&rft.isbn=978-1-64293-854-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjhMuEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT24&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Den_svarta_stenen" title="Den svarta stenen">Den svarta stenen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_och_Muhammed" title="Bahá'í och Muhammed">Bahá'í och Muhammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medinakonstitutionen" title="Medinakonstitutionen">Medinakonstitutionen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammedbilderna_i_Jyllands-Posten" title="Muhammedbilderna i Jyllands-Posten">Muhammedbilderna i Jyllands-Posten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_i_Bibeln" title="Muhammed i Bibeln">Muhammed i Bibeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamiska_enighetsveckan" title="Islamiska enighetsveckan">Islamiska enighetsveckan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubahalaversen" title="Mubahalaversen">Mubahalaversen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4ndelsen_i_Ghadir_Khumm" title="Händelsen i Ghadir Khumm">Händelsen i Ghadir Khumm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith_al-Thaqalayn" title="Hadith al-Thaqalayn">Hadith al-Thaqalayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadithen_om_splittring" title="Hadithen om splittring">Hadithen om splittring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eftertr%C3%A4dandet_av_Muhammed" title="Efterträdandet av Muhammed">Efterträdandet av Muhammed</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidare_läsning_om_Muhammed_på_svenska"><span id="Vidare_l.C3.A4sning_om_Muhammed_p.C3.A5_svenska"></span>Vidare läsning om Muhammed på svenska</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klas_Grinell" title="Klas Grinell">Grinell, Klas</a> (2024) <i>Muhammed</i>, Lund: Historiska media. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9789180504386" title="Special:Bokkällor/9789180504386">ISBN 9789180504386</a>.</li> <li><i>Muhammed: hans liv enligt de tidigaste källorna,</i> 2008, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-91-977090-0-2" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-91-977090-0-2">ISBN 978-91-977090-0-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lings" title="Martin Lings">Martin Lings</a>, (Semazen publications)</li> <li>Kapitel 3 ("Profeten och den profetiska traditionen") i antologin <i>Vid det klara morgonljuset: Essäer om islams andlighet,</i> förord av <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hj%C3%A4rpe" title="Jan Hjärpe">Jan Hjärpe</a>, 2006, <a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Seyyed Hossein Nasr</a> (Proprius)</li> <li><i>Profeten Muhammed : hans liv och samtid,</i> 2004, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-46-20409-1" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-46-20409-1">ISBN 91-46-20409-1</a> (inbunden), Barnaby Rogerson (Wahlström & Widstrand)</li> <li><i>Muhammed : en biografi,</i> 2003, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-37-12220-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-37-12220-7">ISBN 91-37-12220-7</a> (inbunden), <a href="/wiki/Karen_Armstrong" title="Karen Armstrong">Karen Armstrong</a> (Forum)</li> <li><i>Profetens hustrur,</i> 1998, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-88992-27-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-88992-27-6">ISBN 91-88992-27-6</a>, Magali Morsi (Alhambra)</li> <li><i>Muhammeds nattliga färd till himlen och underjorden : den muslimska traditionen berättar hur Muhammed en natt blev förd till himlen och fick möta Gud / berättad av Sophie Pommier,</i> 1996, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-86212-45-1" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-86212-45-1">ISBN 91-86212-45-1</a> (inbunden), Sophie Pommer (Hjulet)</li> <li><i>Muhammed : hans liv och hans tro,</i> 1967, (Bearbetad och aktualiserad upplaga av Geo Widengren), <a href="/wiki/Tor_Andrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Andrae">Tor Andrae</a> (Natur och kultur)</li> <li><i>Muhammeds historia. Efter Gibbon. Öfversättning af J. Ekelund,</i> 1817, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Edward Gibbon</a> (Hedmanska)</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFSvensson2015">Svensson, Jonas (2015). <i><span>Människans Muhammed</span></i>. Molin & Sorgenfrei akademiska. Farsta: Molin & Sorgenfrei. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/18412490">18412490</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9789187515156" title="Special:Bokkällor/9789187515156">ISBN 9789187515156</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A4nniskans+Muhammed&rft.aulast=Svensson&rft.aufirst=Jonas&rft.au=Svensson%2C+Jonas&rft.date=2015&rft.series=Molin+%26+Sorgenfrei+akademiska&rft.place=Farsta&rft.pub=Molin+%26+Sorgenfrei&rft.isbn=9789187515156&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Muhammed"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="commons:Muhammad">Muhammed</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" class="extiw" title="commons:Muhammad">Bilder & media</a></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/hitlist.jsp?q=f%C3%B6rf%3A%28Muhammed%2C+profet%2C+d.+632%29&m=50">Muhammed</a> i <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Muhammed" title="Mall:Muhammed"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Muhammed&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammed</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Skrifter</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sunna_(islam)" title="Sunna (islam)">Sunna</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Liv och profetskap</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Qureish" title="Qureish">Qureish</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hashim" title="Hashim">Hashim</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jibril" class="mw-redirect" title="Jibril">Gabriel (Jibril)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mab%27ath" title="Mab'ath">Mab'ath</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Laylat al-Qadr">Laylat al-Qadr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isra_och_Miraj" title="Isra och Miraj">Isra och Miraj</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hijra" title="Hijra">Hijra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4ndelsen_i_Ghadir_Khumm" title="Händelsen i Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Muhammed_i_Bibeln" title="Muhammed i Bibeln">I Bibeln</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nubuwwah" title="Nubuwwah">Nubuwwah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eftertr%C3%A4dandet_av_Muhammed" title="Efterträdandet av Muhammed">Efterträdande</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammeds_milit%C3%A4ra_karri%C3%A4r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammeds militära karriär [inte skriven än]">Militär karriär</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Waddan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Waddan [inte skriven än]">Abwa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Buwat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Buwat [inte skriven än]">Buwat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Safwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Safwan [inte skriven än]">Safwan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Dul_Ashir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Dul Ashir [inte skriven än]">Dul</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Badr" title="Slaget vid Badr">1. Badr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Kudr-invasionen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Kudr-invasionen [inte skriven än]">Kudr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Sawiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Sawiq [inte skriven än]">Sawiq</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Banu_Qaynuqa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Banu Qaynuqa [inte skriven än]">Qaynuqa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_vid_Thi_Amr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget vid Thi Amr [inte skriven än]">Thi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Bahran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Bahran [inte skriven än]">Bahran</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Uhud" title="Slaget vid Uhud">Uhud</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Hamra_al-Asad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Hamra al-Asad [inte skriven än]">Asad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Banu_Nadir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Banu Nadir [inte skriven än]">Nadir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Nejd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Nejd [inte skriven än]">2. Nejd</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Dumatul_Jandal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Dumatul Jandal [inte skriven än]">Jandal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_vallgraven" title="Slaget vid vallgraven">Vallgraven</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Banu_Qurayza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Banu Qurayza [inte skriven än]">Qurayza</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Banu_Lahyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Banu Lahyan [inte skriven än]">Lahyan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Banu_Mustaliq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Banu Mustaliq [inte skriven än]">Mustaliq</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Freden_vid_Hudaybiyyah" title="Freden vid Hudaybiyyah">Fred</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Khaybar" title="Slaget vid Khaybar">Khaybar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fadak" title="Fadak">Fadak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tredje_expeditionen_vid_Wadi_al_Qura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tredje expeditionen vid Wadi al Qura [inte skriven än]">Qura</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expeditionen_vid_Dhat_al-Riqa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expeditionen vid Dhat al-Riqa [inte skriven än]">Dhat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Attacken_p%C3%A5_Banu_Bakra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attacken på Banu Bakra [inte skriven än]">Baqra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Er%C3%B6vringen_av_Mecka" title="Erövringen av Mecka">Mecka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Hunayn" title="Slaget vid Hunayn">Hunayn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_vid_Autas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget vid Autas [inte skriven än]">Autas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel%C3%A4gringen_av_Ta%27if&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belägringen av Ta'if [inte skriven än]">Ta'if</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Tabuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaget vid Tabuk">Tabuk</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Släktingar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Abdul_Muttalib" title="Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib">Abdullah (far)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Aminah_Bint_Wahb" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminah Bint Wahb">Aminah (mor)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima (dotter)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali (svärson & kusin)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abd al-Muttalib">Abd al-Muttalib (farfar)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/H%C4%81schim_ibn_%CA%BFAbd_Man%C4%81f" title="Hāschim ibn ʿAbd Manāf">Hashim (farfarsfar)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abbas (farbror)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_ibn_%E2%80%98Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib">Abu Talib (farbror)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_%E2%80%98Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib">Hamza (farbror)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_al-Abbas" title="Abdallah ibn al-Abbas">Ibn Abbas (kusin)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan (dotterson)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn (dotterson)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zainab_bint_Ali" title="Zainab bint Ali">Zainab (dotterdotter)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Umm_Kulthum_bint_Ali" title="Umm Kulthum bint Ali">Umm Kulthum (dotterdotter)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr (svärfar)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_al-Khattab" title="Umar ibn al-Khattab">Umar (svärfar)</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Fruar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Khadidja" title="Khadidja">Khadidja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Umm_Salama" title="Umm Salama">Umm Salama</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Relaterade personer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bahira" title="Bahira">Bahira</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bilal_ibn_Ribah" title="Bilal ibn Ribah">Bilal ibn Ribah</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khansa" title="Al-Khansa">Al-Khansa</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uthman_ibn_Affan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthman ibn Affan">Uthman</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ammar_ibn_Yasir" title="Ammar ibn Yasir">Ammar</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Salman_persern" title="Salman persern">Salman</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miqdad_ibn_Aswad" title="Miqdad ibn Aswad">Miqdad</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhar_al-Ghifari" title="Abu Dhar al-Ghifari">Abu Dharr</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Abdullah" title="Jabir ibn Abdullah">Jabir</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kumayl_ibn_Ziyad" title="Kumayl ibn Ziyad">Kumayl</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Mas%27ud" title="Abdullah ibn Mas'ud">Ibn Mas'ud</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Platser</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mekka" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekka">Mekka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tempelberget" title="Tempelberget">Tempelberget i Jerusalem</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām (den Heliga moskén)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Masjid_an-Nabawi" title="Masjid an-Nabawi">al-Masjid an-Nabawi (Profetens moské)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Topkapipalatset" title="Topkapipalatset">Topkapipalatset</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ras_Muhammad" title="Ras Muhammad">Ras Muhammad (nationalpark)</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Termer och titlar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sahaba" title="Sahaba">Sahaba</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">Qibla</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/SAW" class="mw-redirect" title="SAW">SAW</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Salawat_(islam)" title="Salawat (islam)">Salawat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shahadah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahadah">Shahadah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">Sharif</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif">Kalif</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh" title="Imamzadeh">Imamzadeh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vali" title="Vali">Vali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tabi%27un" title="Tabi'un">Tabi'un</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hajji" title="Hajji">Hajji</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"> </div><span style="font-size:110%;">Länkar till relaterade artiklar</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0px;font-size:111%;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Muhammeds_milit%C3%A4ra_expeditioner" title="Mall:Muhammeds militära expeditioner"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Muhammeds_milit%C3%A4ra_expeditioner&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islams</a> <a href="/wiki/Profet" title="Profet">profet</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammeds</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_%C3%B6ver_Muhammeds_milit%C3%A4ra_expeditioner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista över Muhammeds militära expeditioner [inte skriven än]">militära expeditioner</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Strider under <a href="/wiki/Kombattant" title="Kombattant">deltagande</a><br />av Muhammed<br /><small>(<i>"Ghazwah"</i>)</small></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Waddan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Waddan [inte skriven än]">Abwa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Buwat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Buwat [inte skriven än]">Buwat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Safwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Safwan [inte skriven än]">Safwan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Dul_Ashir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Dul Ashir [inte skriven än]">Dul</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Badr" title="Slaget vid Badr">1. Badr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Kudr-invasionen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Kudr-invasionen [inte skriven än]">Kudr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Sawiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Sawiq [inte skriven än]">Sawiq</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Banu_Qaynuqa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Banu Qaynuqa [inte skriven än]">Qaynuqa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_vid_Thi_Amr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget vid Thi Amr [inte skriven än]">Thi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Bahran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Bahran [inte skriven än]">Bahran</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Uhud" title="Slaget vid Uhud">Uhud</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Hamra_al-Asad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Hamra al-Asad [inte skriven än]">Asad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Banu_Nadir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Banu Nadir [inte skriven än]">Nadir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Nejd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Nejd [inte skriven än]">2. Nejd</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Badr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Badr [inte skriven än]">2. Badr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Dumatul_Jandal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Dumatul Jandal [inte skriven än]">Jandal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_vallgraven" title="Slaget vid vallgraven">Vallgraven</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Banu_Qurayza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Banu Qurayza [inte skriven än]">Qurayza</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Banu_Lahyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Banu Lahyan [inte skriven än]">Lahyan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasionen_av_Banu_Mustaliq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasionen av Banu Mustaliq [inte skriven än]">Mustaliq</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Freden_vid_Hudaybiyyah" title="Freden vid Hudaybiyyah">Fred</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Khaybar" title="Slaget vid Khaybar">Khaybar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fadak" title="Fadak">Fadak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tredje_expeditionen_vid_Wadi_al_Qura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tredje expeditionen vid Wadi al Qura [inte skriven än]">Qura</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expeditionen_vid_Dhat_al-Riqa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expeditionen vid Dhat al-Riqa [inte skriven än]">Dhat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Attacken_p%C3%A5_Banu_Bakra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attacken på Banu Bakra [inte skriven än]">Baqra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Er%C3%B6vringen_av_Mecka" title="Erövringen av Mecka">Mecka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Hunayn" title="Slaget vid Hunayn">Hunayn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_vid_Autas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget vid Autas [inte skriven än]">Autas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel%C3%A4gringen_av_Ta%27if&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belägringen av Ta'if [inte skriven än]">Ta'if</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Tabuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaget vid Tabuk">Tabuk</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Siyer-i_Nebi_-_Imam_Ali_und_Hamza_bei_dem_vorgezogenen_Einzelkampf_in_Badr_gegen_die_G%C3%B6tzendiener.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Islams profet Muhammad (570-632), med maskerat ansikte, vid slaget vid Badr (624 e.Kr.), i avbildning från det ottomanska manuskriptet Siyer-i Nebi (cirka 1388)."><img alt="Islams profet Muhammad (570-632), med maskerat ansikte, vid slaget vid Badr (624 e.Kr.), i avbildning från det ottomanska manuskriptet Siyer-i Nebi (cirka 1388)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Siyer-i_Nebi_-_Imam_Ali_und_Hamza_bei_dem_vorgezogenen_Einzelkampf_in_Badr_gegen_die_G%C3%B6tzendiener.jpg/100px-Siyer-i_Nebi_-_Imam_Ali_und_Hamza_bei_dem_vorgezogenen_Einzelkampf_in_Badr_gegen_die_G%C3%B6tzendiener.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Siyer-i_Nebi_-_Imam_Ali_und_Hamza_bei_dem_vorgezogenen_Einzelkampf_in_Badr_gegen_die_G%C3%B6tzendiener.jpg/150px-Siyer-i_Nebi_-_Imam_Ali_und_Hamza_bei_dem_vorgezogenen_Einzelkampf_in_Badr_gegen_die_G%C3%B6tzendiener.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Siyer-i_Nebi_-_Imam_Ali_und_Hamza_bei_dem_vorgezogenen_Einzelkampf_in_Badr_gegen_die_G%C3%B6tzendiener.jpg/200px-Siyer-i_Nebi_-_Imam_Ali_und_Hamza_bei_dem_vorgezogenen_Einzelkampf_in_Badr_gegen_die_G%C3%B6tzendiener.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="760" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Strider på <a href="/wiki/Order_(befallning)" title="Order (befallning)">order</a><br />av Muhammed<br /><small>(<i>"Sariyyah"</i>)</small></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karavanr%C3%A4der&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karavanräder [inte skriven än]">Räder</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4den_vid_Nakhla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Räden vid Nakhla [inte skriven än]">Nakhla</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karavanr%C3%A4den_vid_Nejd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karavanräden vid Nejd [inte skriven än]">1. Nejd</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expeditionen_vid_Qatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expeditionen vid Qatan [inte skriven än]">Qatan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expeditionen_vid_Abdullah_Ibn_Unais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expeditionen vid Abdullah Ibn Unais [inte skriven än]">Unais</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expeditionen_vid_Al_Raji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expeditionen vid Al Raji [inte skriven än]">Raji</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amr_bin_Umayyah_al-Damris_uppdrag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amr bin Umayyah al-Damris uppdrag [inte skriven än]">Damri</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expeditionen_vid_Bir_Maona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expeditionen vid Bir Maona [inte skriven än]">Bir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Abdullah_ibn_%27Atiks_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Abdullah ibn 'Atiks expedition [inte skriven än]">Atik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_ibn_Maslamahs_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad ibn Maslamahs expedition [inte skriven än]">Maslamah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukasha_bin_Al-Mihsans_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukasha bin Al-Mihsans expedition [inte skriven än]">Ukasha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rsta_r%C3%A4den_vid_Banu_Thalabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Första räden vid Banu Thalabah [inte skriven än]">1. Thala</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andra_r%C3%A4den_vid_Banu_Thalabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andra räden vid Banu Thalabah [inte skriven än]">2. Thala</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expeditionen_vid_Dhu_Qarad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expeditionen vid Dhu Qarad [inte skriven än]">Qarad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaid_ibn_Harithas_(Al-Jumum)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaid ibn Harithas (Al-Jumum) expedition [inte skriven än]">Jumum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaid_ibn_Harithas_(Al-Is)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaid ibn Harithas (Al-Is) expedition [inte skriven än]">Is</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tredje_r%C3%A4den_vid_Banu_Thalabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tredje räden vid Banu Thalabah [inte skriven än]">3. Thala</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaid_ibn_Harithas_(Hisma)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaid ibn Harithas (Hisma) expedition [inte skriven än]">Hisma</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaid_ibn_Harithas_(Wadi_al-Qura)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaid ibn Harithas (Wadi al-Qura) expedition [inte skriven än]">Zaid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdur_Rahman_bin_Aufs_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdur Rahman bin Aufs expedition [inte skriven än]">Auf</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expeditionen_vid_Fadak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expeditionen vid Fadak [inte skriven än]">1. Ali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andra_expeditionen_vid_Wadi_al-Qura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andra expeditionen vid Wadi al-Qura [inte skriven än]">Wadi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurz_bin_Jabir_Al-Fihris_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurz bin Jabir Al-Fihris expedition [inte skriven än]">Kurz</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_ibn_Rawahas_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah ibn Rawahas expedition [inte skriven än]">Rawaha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umar_ibn_al-Khatabs_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umar ibn al-Khatabs expedition [inte skriven än]">Umar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_As-Siddiqs_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Bakr As-Siddiqs expedition [inte skriven än]">Bakr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashir_Ibn_Sa%27d_al-Ansaris_(Fadak)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bashir Ibn Sa'd al-Ansaris (Fadak) expedition [inte skriven än]">Bashir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghalib_ibn_Abdullah_al-Laithis_(Mayfah)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithis (Mayfah) expedition [inte skriven än]">Mayfah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghalib_ibn_Abdullah_al-Laithis_(Fadak)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithis (Fadak) expedition [inte skriven än]">Ghalib</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashir_Ibn_Sa%27d_al-Ansaris_(Yemen)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bashir Ibn Sa'd al-Ansaris (Yemen) expedition [inte skriven än]">Yemen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Abi_Al-Awja_Al-Sulamis_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Abi Al-Awja Al-Sulamis expedition [inte skriven än]">Sulami</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghalib_ibn_Abdullah_al-Laithis_(Al-Kadid)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithis (Al-Kadid) expedition [inte skriven än]">Kadid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4den_vid_Banu_Layth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Räden vid Banu Layth [inte skriven än]">Layth</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuja_ibn_Wahb_al-Asadis_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuja ibn Wahb al-Asadis expedition [inte skriven än]">Shuja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka%E2%80%99b_ibn_%27Umair_al-Ghifaris_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka’b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifaris expedition [inte skriven än]">Ka'b</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Mu%27tah" title="Slaget vid Mu'tah">Mu'tah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amr_ibn_al-As_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amr ibn al-As expedition [inte skriven än]">1. Amr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Ubaidah_ibn_al_Jarrahs_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrahs expedition [inte skriven än]">Ubaidah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abi_Hadrad_al-Aslamis_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abi Hadrad al-Aslamis expedition [inte skriven än]">Hadrad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Qatadah_ibn_Rab%27i_al-Ansaris_(Batn_Edam)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansaris (Batn Edam) expedition [inte skriven än]">Edam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Qatadah_ibn_Rab%27i_al-Ansaris_(Khadirah)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansaris (Khadirah) expedition [inte skriven än]">Khadirah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_ibn_al-Walids_(Nakhla)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid ibn al-Walids (Nakhla) expedition [inte skriven än]">Khalid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amr_ibn_al-As_r%C3%A4d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amr ibn al-As räd [inte skriven än]">2. Amr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%27d_ibn_Zaid_al-Ashhalis_r%C3%A4d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhalis räd [inte skriven än]">Sa'd</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_ibn_al-Walids_(Banu_Jadhimah)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid ibn al-Walids (Banu Jadhimah) expedition [inte skriven än]">Jadh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=At-Tufail_ibn_%27Amr_Ad-Dausis_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-Dausis expedition [inte skriven än]">Tufail</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Amir_Al-Asharis_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Amir Al-Asharis expedition [inte skriven än]">1. Autas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Musa_Al-Asharis_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Musa Al-Asharis expedition [inte skriven än]">2. Autas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyainah_bin_Hisns_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uyainah bin Hisns expedition [inte skriven än]">Tamim</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qutbah_ibn_Amirs_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qutbah ibn Amirs expedition [inte skriven än]">Khatham</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dahhak_al-Kilabis_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dahhak al-Kilabis expedition [inte skriven än]">Dahhak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alqammah_bin_Mujazziz%27_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alqammah bin Mujazziz' expedition [inte skriven än]">Jeddah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_ibn_Abi_Talibs_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali ibn Abi Talibs expedition [inte skriven än]">3. Ali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukasha_bin_Al-Mihsans_(Udhrah_and_Baliy)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukasha bin Al-Mihsans (Udhrah and Baliy) expedition [inte skriven än]">Udhrah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_ibn_al-Walids_(Dumatul_Jandal)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid ibn al-Walids (Dumatul Jandal) expedition [inte skriven än]">3. Khalid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_ibn_al-Walids_(2._Dumatul_Jandal)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid ibn al-Walids (2. Dumatul Jandal) expedition [inte skriven än]">4. Khalid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sufyan_ibn_Harbs_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Sufyan ibn Harbs expedition [inte skriven än]">Sufyan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surad_ibn_Abdullahs_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surad ibn Abdullahs expedition [inte skriven än]">Jurash</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_ibn_al-Walids_(Najran)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid ibn al-Walids (Najran) expedition [inte skriven än]">Najran</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expedition_of_Ali_ibn_Abi_Talibs_(Mudhij)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talibs (Mudhij) expedition [inte skriven än]">Mudhij</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_ibn_Abi_Talibs_(Hamdan)_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali ibn Abi Talibs (Hamdan) expedition [inte skriven än]">Hamdan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rg%C3%B6relsen_av_Dhul_Khalasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Förgörelsen av Dhul Khalasa [inte skriven än]">Dhul</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Usama_ibn_Zayds_expedition" title="Usama ibn Zayds expedition">Usamas armé (den slutliga expeditionen)</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;" colspan="3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammed</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Islams_historia" title="Islams historia">Islams historia</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Islam" title="Mall:Islam"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Islam&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Islamologi" title="Islamologi">Islamologi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Islamisk_ordlista" title="Islamisk ordlista">Islamisk ordlista</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Islams_historia" title="Islams historia">Islams historia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kalifat" title="Kalifat">Kalifat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam_i_Sverige" title="Islam i Sverige">Islam i Sverige</a><br /></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Tro</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah (Gud)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tawh%C4%ABd" title="Tawhīd">Guds enhet (tawhīd)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammed</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Profet#Profeter_i_islam" title="Profet">Profeter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nubuwwah" title="Nubuwwah">Profetskap</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Qiyamah" title="Qiyamah">Domedagen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> Speciellt inom shia:<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Imamah" title="Imamah">Ledarskap</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adalah" title="Adalah">Rättvisa</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="23"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Allah-green.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Allah"><img alt="Allah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/120px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/150px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/200px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;"><a href="/wiki/Islams_fem_pelare" title="Islams fem pelare">Fem pelare</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1. <a href="/wiki/Shahadah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahadah">Shahadah</a> (Trosbekännelsen)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2. <a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a> (Tidebönen)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">3. <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a> (Allmosan)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">4. <a href="/wiki/Sawm" title="Sawm">Sawm</a> (Fastan)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">5. <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> (Vallfärden)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Skrifter och källor</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sunna_(islam)" title="Sunna (islam)">Sunna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%27Aql" title="'Aql">'Aql</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ijma" title="Ijma">Ijma (Överensstämmelse)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Profetens familj och <a href="/wiki/Sahaba" title="Sahaba">följeslagare</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abbas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Abdul_Muttalib" title="Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib">Abdullah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abd al-Muttalib">Abd al-Muttalib</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_ibn_%E2%80%98Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib">Abu Talib</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhar_al-Ghifari" title="Abu Dhar al-Ghifari">Abu Dharr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sufyan_ibn_Harb" title="Abu Sufyan ibn Harb">Abu Sufyan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Al-Khansa" title="Al-Khansa">Al-Khansa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Aminah_Bint_Wahb" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminah Bint Wahb">Aminah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ammar_ibn_Yasir" title="Ammar ibn Yasir">Ammar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Anas_ibn_Malik" title="Anas ibn Malik">Anas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bilal_ibn_Ribah" title="Bilal ibn Ribah">Bilal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_%E2%80%98Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib">Hamza</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/H%C4%81schim_ibn_%CA%BFAbd_Man%C4%81f" title="Hāschim ibn ʿAbd Manāf">Hashim</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_al-Abbas" title="Abdallah ibn al-Abbas">Ibn Abbas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Mas%27ud" title="Abdullah ibn Mas'ud">Ibn Mas'ud</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Abdullah" title="Jabir ibn Abdullah">Jabir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Khadidja" title="Khadidja">Khadidja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid">Khalid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kumayl_ibn_Ziyad" title="Kumayl ibn Ziyad">Kumayl</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Miqdad_ibn_Aswad" title="Miqdad ibn Aswad">Miqdad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Muawiya_I" title="Muawiya I">Muawiya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Salman_persern" title="Salman persern">Salman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Talha_ibn_Ubaydullah" title="Talha ibn Ubaydullah">Talha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_al-Khattab" title="Umar ibn al-Khattab">Umar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Umm_Kulthum_bint_Ali" title="Umm Kulthum bint Ali">Umm Kulthum</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Umm_Salama" title="Umm Salama">Umm Salama</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zainab_bint_Ali" title="Zainab bint Ali">Zainab</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Haritha" title="Zayd ibn Haritha">Zayd</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam" title="Zubayr ibn al-Awwam">Zubayr</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Heliga städer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mecka" title="Mecka">Mecka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tempelberget" title="Tempelberget">Tempelberget</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Viktiga byggnader</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kaba" title="Kaba">Kaba</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Klippdomen" title="Klippdomen">Klippdomen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Madrassa" title="Madrassa">Madrassa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">Minaret</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mosk%C3%A9" title="Moské">Moské</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Masjid_an-Nabawi" title="Masjid an-Nabawi">Masjid an-Nabawi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hawza" title="Hawza">Hawza</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Haram_(plats)" title="Haram (plats)">Haram</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Händelser och <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gtid#Muslimska_högtider" title="Högtid">högtider</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hijra" title="Hijra">Hijra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Laylat al-Qadr">Laylat al-Qadr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Id_al-fitr" title="Id al-fitr">Id al-fitr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Id_al-adha" title="Id al-adha">Id al-adha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Aashura" class="mw-redirect" title="Aashura">Aashura</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Arba%27in" title="Arba'in">Arba'in</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Ghadeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid al-Ghadeer">Eid al-Ghadeer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4ndelsen_i_Ghadir_Khumm" title="Händelsen i Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eftertr%C3%A4dandet_av_Muhammed" title="Efterträdandet av Muhammed">Efterträdandet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Riktningar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sunniter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunniter">Sunni</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hanafi" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maliki" title="Maliki">Maliki</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shafi" title="Shafi">Shafi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hanbali" title="Hanbali">Hanbali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thahiri" title="Thahiri">Thahiri</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shia" title="Shia">Shi'a</a> (<a href="/wiki/Imamiterna" title="Imamiterna">Imamiterna</a></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari" title="Ja'fari">Ja'fari</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nusayrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusayrier">Alawiter</a>)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ismailiter" title="Ismailiter">Ismailiter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zaiddiyah" title="Zaiddiyah">Zayditer</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kharijiter" title="Kharijiter">Kharijiter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibadi" title="Ibadi">Ibadi</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icke-konfessionell_muslim" title="Icke-konfessionell muslim">Icke-konfessionell</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Bektashi" title="Bektashi">Bektashi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kisilbaschi" title="Kisilbaschi">Kisilbaschi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mevlevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mevlevi">Mevlevi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nimatullahi" title="Nimatullahi">Nimatullahi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rahmaniyya" title="Rahmaniyya">Rahmaniyya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shadhiliyya" title="Shadhiliyya">Shadhiliyya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Suhrawardiyya" title="Suhrawardiyya">Suhrawardiyya</a>)</i></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Lag och rätt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamisk lag (sharia)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Rättslära (fiqh)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Rättsskolor (madhāhib)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ammanbudskapet" title="Ammanbudskapet">Ammanbudskapet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">Fatwa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">Halal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Taqlid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fard" title="Fard">Fard</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wajib" title="Wajib">Wajib</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">Haram</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Makruh" title="Makruh">Makruh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mubah" title="Mubah">Mubah</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mandub" title="Mandub">Mandub</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Kultur och vetenskap</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Islamisk_arkitektur" title="Islamisk arkitektur">Islamisk arkitektur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Islamisk_astronomi" title="Islamisk astronomi">Islamisk astronomi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Islamisk_filosofi" title="Islamisk filosofi">Islamisk filosofi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kalligrafi#Arabisk_och_islamisk_kalligrafi" title="Kalligrafi">Islamisk kalligrafi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Islamisk_konst" title="Islamisk konst">Islamisk konst</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Islamisk_vetenskap" title="Islamisk vetenskap">Islamisk vetenskap</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tafs%C4%ABr" title="Tafsīr">Tafsīr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Irfan" title="Irfan">Irfan</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Teologiska skolor</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Asharitiska_skolan" title="Asharitiska skolan">Ashariter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal islam">Liberal islam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mu%27taziliter" title="Mu'taziliter">Mu'taziliter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Murjiter" title="Murjiter">Murjiter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shia#Teologi" title="Shia">Shia</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Grupper och rörelser<br />utanför huvudfåran</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Druser" title="Druser">Druser</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Murjiter" title="Murjiter">Murjiter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Salafism" title="Salafism">Salafism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zikri" title="Zikri">Zikri</a><br />Besläktade trosinriktningar: <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b%C3%ADsm" title="Bábísm">Bábísm</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í">Bahá'í</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategori"><img alt="Kategori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/20px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Islam" title="Kategori:Islam">Kategori</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Koranen" title="Mall:Koranen"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Koranen&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%84rke%C3%A4ngeln_Gabriel" title="Ärkeängeln Gabriel">Gabriel (Jibril)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammed</a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Innehåll</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sura_(islam)" title="Sura (islam)">Sura</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ayah" title="Ayah">Ayah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ta%27awwudh" title="Ta'awwudh">Ta'awwudh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Basmala" title="Basmala">Basmala</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Guds_99_namn" title="Guds 99 namn">Guds 99 namn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shahadah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahadah">Shahadah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Profet#Profeter_i_Islam" title="Profet">Profeter i islam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bokens_folk" title="Bokens folk">Bokens folk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Den_Helige_Ande" title="Den Helige Ande">Den Helige Ande</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gog" title="Gog">Gog</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Injil" title="Injil">Injil</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">Khums</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Laylat al-Qadr">Laylat al-Qadr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">Qibla</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Qisas" title="Qisas">Qisas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sabierna" title="Sabierna">Sabierna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sawm" title="Sawm">Sawm</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Shahid" title="Shahid">Shahid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Talaq" title="Talaq">Talaq</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Ulama</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Umma" title="Umma">Umma</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vali" title="Vali">Vali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%84ngel" title="Ängel">Ängel</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="11"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:HolyQuran.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Texten "Heliga Koranen", skrivet i kalligrafi"><img alt="Texten "Heliga Koranen", skrivet i kalligrafi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/HolyQuran.png/180px-HolyQuran.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/HolyQuran.png/270px-HolyQuran.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/HolyQuran.png/360px-HolyQuran.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="211" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Personligheter i Koranen</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Profeter_i_Koranen" title="Mall:Profeter i Koranen">Profeter i Koranen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Lahab" title="Abu Lahab">Abu Lahab</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael">Azrael</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Drottningen_av_Saba" title="Drottningen av Saba">Bilqis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Farao" title="Farao">Farao</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%84rke%C3%A4ngeln_Gabriel" title="Ärkeängeln Gabriel">Gabriel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Goljat" title="Goljat">Goljat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Lukman" title="Lukman">Lukman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jungfru_Maria" title="Jungfru Maria">Maria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mikael_(%C3%A4rke%C3%A4ngel)" title="Mikael (ärkeängel)">Mikael</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Uzayr" title="Uzayr">Uzayr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Samiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Samiri">Samiri</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Korach" title="Korach">Qarun</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Haritha" title="Zayd ibn Haritha">Zayd</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Koranverser</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Versen_om_religionens_fullkomlighet" title="Versen om religionens fullkomlighet">Fullkomlighet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Khayr_al-Bariyya-versen" title="Khayr al-Bariyya-versen">Khayr al-Bariyya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ljusversen" title="Ljusversen">Ljus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lydnadsversen" title="Lydnadsversen">Lydnad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mawadda-versen" title="Mawadda-versen">Mawadda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mubahalaversen" title="Mubahalaversen">Mubahala</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Reningsversen" title="Reningsversen">Rening</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wilayahversen" title="Wilayahversen">Wilayah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Versen_om_ahl_al-dhikr" title="Versen om ahl al-dhikr">Ahl al-dhikr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tablighversen" title="Tablighversen">Tabligh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B6draskapsversen" title="Brödraskapsversen">Brödraskap</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tronversen" title="Tronversen">Tronversen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Al-Isra,_26" title="Al-Isra, 26">al-Isra, 26</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Återgivning och utläggning</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kalligrafi#Arabisk_eller_islamisk_kalligrafi" title="Kalligrafi">Arabisk kalligrafi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kufisk_skrift" title="Kufisk skrift">Kufisk skrift</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Madrassa" title="Madrassa">Madrassa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Naskh" title="Naskh">Naskh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tafs%C4%ABr" title="Tafsīr">Tafsīr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tajw%C4%ABd" title="Tajwīd">Tajwīd</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ta%27w%C4%ABl" title="Ta'wīl">Ta'wīl</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Muhkam_och_Mutashabih" title="Muhkam och Mutashabih">Muhkam och Mutashabih</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Kommentatorer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Jarir_at-Tabari" title="Muhammad ibn Jarir at-Tabari">at-Tabari</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Allameh_Tabatabaei" title="Allameh Tabatabaei">Allameh Tabatabaei</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Naser_Makarem_Shirazi" title="Naser Makarem Shirazi">Makarem Shirazi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Qara%27ati" title="Mohsen Qara'ati">Qara'ati</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;;">Översättare</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Till <a href="/wiki/Svenska" title="Svenska">svenska</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#ffffff;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Knut_Bernstr%C3%B6m" title="Mohammed Knut Bernström">Mohammed Knut Bernström</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johan_Fredrik_Sebastian_Crusenstolpe" title="Johan Fredrik Sebastian Crusenstolpe">Johan Fredrik Sebastian Crusenstolpe</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%85ke_Ohlmarks" title="Åke Ohlmarks">Åke Ohlmarks</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johan_Adam_Tingstadius" title="Johan Adam Tingstadius">Johan Adam Tingstadius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Johan_Tornberg" title="Carl Johan Tornberg">Carl Johan Tornberg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Vilhelm_Zetterst%C3%A9en" title="Karl Vilhelm Zetterstéen">Karl Vilhelm Zetterstéen</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Till <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;background-color:#f7fdf7;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Laleh_Bakhtiar" title="Laleh Bakhtiar">Laleh Bakhtiar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Quli_Qarai" title="Ali Quli Qarai">Ali Quli Qarai</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tahere_Saffarzade" title="Tahere Saffarzade">Tahere Saffarzade</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; ; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Profeter_i_Koranen" title="Mall:Profeter i Koranen"><span title="Visa denna mall" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Profeter_i_Koranen&action=edit"><span style=";" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Islamiska" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamiska">Islamiska</a> <a href="/wiki/Profeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Profeter">profeter</a> i <a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a> och deras förekomster i <a href="/wiki/Bibeln" title="Bibeln">Bibeln</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adam_(islamisk_profet)" title="Adam (islamisk profet)">Adam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Idris" title="Idris">Idris</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuh" title="Nuh">Nuh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hud_(islamisk_profet)" title="Hud (islamisk profet)">Hud</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saleh" title="Saleh">Saleh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_(islamisk_profet)" title="Ibrahim (islamisk profet)">Ibrahim</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lut_(islamisk_profet)" title="Lut (islamisk profet)">Lut</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ismael" title="Ismael">Ismail</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ishaq" title="Ishaq">Ishaq</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yaqub" title="Yaqub">Yaqub</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yusuf" title="Yusuf">Yusuf</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ayub" title="Ayub">Ayub</a></td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="7"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mosque.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mosque.svg/50px-Mosque.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mosque.svg/75px-Mosque.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mosque.svg/100px-Mosque.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="575" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>آدم</td> <td>ادريس</td> <td>نوح</td> <td>هود</td> <td>صالح</td> <td>ابراهيم</td> <td>لوط</td> <td>اسماعيل</td> <td>اسحاق </td> <td>يعقوب</td> <td>يوسف</td> <td>أيوب</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adam_och_Eva" title="Adam och Eva">Adam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enok_(profet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enok (profet)">Enok</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Noa" title="Noa">Noa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ever" title="Ever">Ever</a></td> <td>Okänd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abraham_(patriark)" title="Abraham (patriark)">Abraham</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lot" title="Lot">Lot</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ismael" title="Ismael">Ismael</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isak_(Bibeln)" title="Isak (Bibeln)">Isak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jakob_(patriark)" title="Jakob (patriark)">Jakob</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Josef,_Jakobs_son" title="Josef, Jakobs son">Josef</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Job" title="Job">Job</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="13" align="center"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shoaib" title="Shoaib">Shoaib</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mose#Islam" title="Mose">Musa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harun" title="Harun">Harun</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Kifl" title="Dhul-Kifl">Dhul-Kifl</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daud" title="Daud">Daud</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sulayman" title="Sulayman">Sulayman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilyas" title="Ilyas">Ilyas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Yasa" title="Al-Yasa">Al-Yasa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yunus" title="Yunus">Yunus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zakariya_(islamisk_profet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakariya (islamisk profet)">Zakariya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yahya" title="Yahya">Yahya</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Isa</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammed</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>شعيب</td> <td>موسى</td> <td>هارون</td> <td>ذو الكفل</td> <td>داود </td> <td>سليمان</td> <td>إلياس</td> <td>اليسع</td> <td>يونس</td> <td>زكريا</td> <td>يحيى</td> <td>عيسى</td> <td>محمد </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jetro" title="Jetro">Jetro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mose" title="Mose">Mose</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aron" title="Aron">Aron</a></td> <td>Hesekiel</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kung_David" title="Kung David">David</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salomo" title="Salomo">Salomo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elia" title="Elia">Elia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jona" title="Jona">Jona</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sakarias" title="Sakarias">Sakarias</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johannes_D%C3%B6paren" title="Johannes Döparen">Johannes</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_i_Bibeln" title="Muhammed i Bibeln">Muhammed</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background:#ABE9CC;;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Shiaislam" title="Mall:Shiaislam"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Shiaislam&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Shia" title="Shia">Shiaislam</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ABE9CC;;;">Mantelns folk (<i>Ahl al-kisa</i>)</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammed</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="21"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:The_event_of_Ghadir.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="En illustration om att profeten Muhammed håller upp Alis hand i Ghadir Khumm."><img alt="En illustration om att profeten Muhammed håller upp Alis hand i Ghadir Khumm." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_event_of_Ghadir.jpg/170px-The_event_of_Ghadir.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_event_of_Ghadir.jpg/255px-The_event_of_Ghadir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_event_of_Ghadir.jpg/340px-The_event_of_Ghadir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4961" data-file-height="3390" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ABE9CC;;;">Trons grunder (<i>Usūl al-dīn</i>)</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tawh%C4%ABd" title="Tawhīd">Guds enhet (tawhīd)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adalah" title="Adalah">Guds rättvisa (adalah)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nubuwwah" title="Nubuwwah">Profetskap (nubuwwah)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Imamah" title="Imamah">Ledarskap (imamah)</a> (se även <a href="/wiki/Shiaimam" title="Shiaimam">Shiaimam</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Qiyamah" title="Qiyamah">Domedagen (qiyamah)</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ABE9CC;;;">Trons grenar (<i>Furū al-dīn</i>)</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sawm" title="Sawm">Sawm</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">Khums</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Amr-Bil-Ma%27r%C5%ABf" title="Amr-Bil-Ma'rūf">Amr-Bil-Ma'rūf</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Att_p%C3%A5bjuda_det_goda_och_f%C3%B6rbjuda_det_onda" title="Att påbjuda det goda och förbjuda det onda">Nahy 'an al-munkar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tawalla" title="Tawalla">Tawalla</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tabarra" title="Tabarra">Tabarra</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ABE9CC;;;">Historia</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Reningsversen" title="Reningsversen">Reningsversen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hadith_al-Thaqalayn" title="Hadith al-Thaqalayn">Hadith al-Thaqalayn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mubahalaversen" title="Mubahalaversen">Mubahalaversen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4ndelsen_i_Ghadir_Khumm" title="Händelsen i Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eftertr%C3%A4dandet_av_Muhammed" title="Efterträdandet av Muhammed">Efterträdandet av Muhammed</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Saqifa" title="Saqifa">Saqifa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fadak" title="Fadak">Fadak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kamelslaget" title="Kamelslaget">Kamelslaget</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Siffin" title="Slaget vid Siffin">Slaget vid Siffin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Nahrawan" title="Slaget vid Nahrawan">Slaget vid Nahrawan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Karbala" title="Slaget vid Karbala">Slaget vid Karbala</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tawwabins_revolt" title="Tawwabins revolt">Tawwabins revolt</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Iranska_revolutionen" title="Iranska revolutionen">Iranska revolutionen</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ABE9CC;;;">Heliga kvinnor</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Khadidja" title="Khadidja">Khadidja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fatima_bint_Asad" title="Fatima bint Asad">Fatima bint Asad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Umm_Salama" title="Umm Salama">Umm Salama</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zainab_bint_Ali" title="Zainab bint Ali">Zainab</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Umm_Kulthum_bint_Ali" title="Umm Kulthum bint Ali">Umm Kulthum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Banin" title="Umm al-Banin">Umm al-Banin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fatima_bint_Musa" title="Fatima bint Musa">Fatima Masuma</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hakima_bint_Muhammad_Jawad" title="Hakima bint Muhammad Jawad">Hakima </a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Narjis" title="Narjis">Narjis</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ABE9CC;;;">Inriktningar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Imamiterna" title="Imamiterna">Imamiter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ismailiter" title="Ismailiter">Ismailiter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zaiddiyah" title="Zaiddiyah">Zayditer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alawiter" title="Alawiter">Alawiter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bektashi" title="Bektashi">Bektashi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kisilbaschi" title="Kisilbaschi">Kisilbaschi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nimatullahi" title="Nimatullahi">Nimatullahi</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ABE9CC;;;">Högtider</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Viktiga_dagar_i_shiaislam" title="Viktiga dagar i shiaislam">Viktiga dagar i shiaislam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Ghadeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid al-Ghadeer">Eid al-Ghadeer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Id_al-fitr" title="Id al-fitr">Id al-fitr</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Id_al-adha" title="Id al-adha">Id al-adha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Aashura" class="mw-redirect" title="Aashura">Aashura</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Arba%27in" title="Arba'in">Arba'in</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fatimiya" title="Fatimiya">Fatimiya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Laylat_al_Bara%27at" title="Laylat al Bara'at">Mid-sha'ban</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Id_al-mubahala" title="Id al-mubahala">Id al-mubahala</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ABE9CC;;;">Heliga platser</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mekka" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekka">Mekka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masjid_an-Nabawi" title="Masjid an-Nabawi">Masjid an-Nabawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Baqi%27" title="Al-Baqi'">Al-Baqi'</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsamosk%C3%A9n" title="Al-Aqsamoskén">al-Aqsamoskén</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Najaf" title="Najaf">Najaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kufa-mosk%C3%A9n" title="Kufa-moskén">Kufa-moskén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Sahlah-mosk%C3%A9n" title="Al-Sahlah-moskén">al-Sahlah-moskén</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Alis_helgedom" title="Husayn ibn Alis helgedom">Husayn ibn Alis helgedom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbas_helgedom" title="Abbas helgedom">Abbas helgedom</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imam_Rezas_helgedom" title="Imam Rezas helgedom">Imam Rezas helgedom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kazimain" title="Kazimain">Kazimain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Kazimiyyah-mosk%C3%A9n" title="Al-Kazimiyyah-moskén">al-Kazimiyyah-moskén</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Askari-mosk%C3%A9n" title="Al-Askari-moskén">al-Askari-moskén</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatima_Masumahs_helgedom" title="Fatima Masumahs helgedom">Fatima Masumahs helgedom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaynab_bint_Alis_helgedom" title="Zaynab bint Alis helgedom">Zaynabs helgedom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rayy" title="Rayy">Rey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shah_%27Abd_al-%27Azims_helgedom" title="Shah 'Abd al-'Azims helgedom">Shah 'Abd al-'Azims helgedom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh" title="Imamzadeh">Imamzadeh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sorghus" title="Sorghus">Husayniya</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ABE9CC;;;">Rättsskolor</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari" title="Ja'fari">Ja'fari</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zaiddiyah" title="Zaiddiyah">Zaiddiyah</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ABE9CC;;;">Viktiga böcker</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Koranen" title="Koranen">Koranen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/De_fyra_b%C3%B6ckerna_(islam)" title="De fyra böckerna (islam)">De fyra böckerna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nahj_al-Balagha" title="Nahj al-Balagha">Nahj al-Balagha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Det_sajjadiska_manuskriptet" title="Det sajjadiska manuskriptet">Det sajjadiska manuskriptet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wasail_al-Shia" title="Wasail al-Shia">Wasail al-Shia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mafatih_al-Jinan" title="Mafatih al-Jinan">Mafatih al-Jinan</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ABE9CC;;;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bada%27" title="Bada'">Bada'</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fedayan-e_eslam" title="Fedayan-e eslam">Fedayan-e eslam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Felfrihet_(islam)" title="Felfrihet (islam)">Felfrihet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hawza" title="Hawza">Hawza</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marja%27_al-taqlid" title="Marja' al-taqlid">Marja' al-taqlid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mut%27ah" title="Mut'ah">Mut'ah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Raj%27a" title="Raj'a">Raj'a</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Taqqiyya" title="Taqqiyya">Taqqiyya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Velayate_Faqih" title="Velayate Faqih">Velayate Faqih</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Politisk_filosofi" title="Mall:Politisk filosofi"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Politisk_filosofi&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Politisk_filosofi" title="Politisk filosofi">Politisk filosofi</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Termer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritet" title="Auktoritet">Auktoritet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egendom" title="Egendom">Egendom</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elit" title="Elit">Elit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emancipation" title="Emancipation">Emancipation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Folk" title="Folk">Folk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fred" title="Fred">Fred</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frihet" title="Frihet">Frihet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hegemoni" title="Hegemoni">Hegemoni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hierarki" title="Hierarki">Hierarki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Krig" title="Krig">Krig</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lag" title="Lag">Lag</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legitimitet" title="Legitimitet">Legitimitet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lydnad" title="Lydnad">Lydnad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Makt" title="Makt">Makt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol">Monopol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Plikt" title="Plikt">Plikt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pluralism" title="Pluralism">Pluralism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Regering" title="Regering">Regering</a> • <a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttighet" title="Rättighet">Rättigheter</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttvisa" title="Rättvisa">Rättvisa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samh%C3%A4lle_(sociologi)" title="Samhälle (sociologi)">Samhälle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kontraktualism" title="Kontraktualism">Samhällskontrakt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stat" title="Stat">Stat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suver%C3%A4nitet" title="Suveränitet">Suveränitet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Utopi" title="Utopi">Utopi</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Statsskick</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristokrati" title="Aristokrati">Aristokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Env%C3%A4lde" title="Envälde">Autokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Byr%C3%A5krati" title="Byråkrati">Byråkrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Diktatur" title="Diktatur">Diktatur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Demokrati" title="Demokrati">Demokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gerontokrati" title="Gerontokrati">Gerontokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Meritokrati" title="Meritokrati">Meritokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki">Monarki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oligarki" title="Oligarki">Oligarki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Plutokrati" title="Plutokrati">Plutokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teknokrati" title="Teknokrati">Teknokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teokrati" title="Teokrati">Teokrati</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Ideologier</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anarkism" title="Anarkism">Anarkism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ekologism" title="Ekologism">Ekologism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Feodalism" title="Feodalism">Feodalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kapitalism" title="Kapitalism">Kapitalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kolonialism" title="Kolonialism">Kolonialism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kommunism" title="Kommunism">Kommunism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kommunitarism" title="Kommunitarism">Kommunitarism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konfucianism" title="Konfucianism">Konfucianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism">Konservatism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Korporativism" title="Korporativism">Korporativism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kristdemokrati" title="Kristdemokrati">Kristdemokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monarkism" title="Monarkism">Monarkism</a> • <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5ngkultur" title="Mångkultur">Multikulturalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republikanism" title="Republikanism">Republikanism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Socialdarwinism" title="Socialdarwinism">Socialdarwinism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Socialdemokrati" title="Socialdemokrati">Socialdemokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tredje_v%C3%A4gens_politik" title="Tredje vägens politik">Tredje vägen</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Teorier</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bellum_omnium_contra_omnes" title="Bellum omnium contra omnes">Bellum omnium contra omnes</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Civilisationernas_kamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilisationernas kamp">Civilisationernas kamp</a> • <a href="/wiki/Familjen_som_statsmodell" title="Familjen som statsmodell">Familjen som statsmodell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Folkhemmet" title="Folkhemmet">Folkhemmet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kungad%C3%B6met_av_Guds_n%C3%A5de" title="Kungadömet av Guds nåde">Kungadömet av Guds nåde</a> • <a href="/wiki/Majoritetsf%C3%B6rtryck" title="Majoritetsförtryck">Majoritetsförtryck</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maktdelningsprincipen" title="Maktdelningsprincipen">Maktdelning</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maktbalans" title="Maktbalans">Maktbalans</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nattv%C3%A4ktarstat" title="Nattväktarstat">Nattväktarstat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Naturr%C3%A4tt" title="Naturrätt">Naturrätt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Naturtillst%C3%A5nd" title="Naturtillstånd">Naturtillstånd</a> • <a href="/wiki/Negativa_och_positiva_r%C3%A4ttigheter" title="Negativa och positiva rättigheter">Negativa och positiva rättigheter</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" class="mw-redirect" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Ursprungspositionen" title="Ursprungspositionen">Okunnighetens slöja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Organismtanken" title="Organismtanken">Organismtanken</a> • <a href="/wiki/Overton-f%C3%B6nstret" title="Overton-fönstret">Overton-fönstret</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samh%C3%A4llskontrakt" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhällskontrakt">Samhällskontrakt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Statolatri" title="Statolatri">Statolatri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Triangulering_(politik)" title="Triangulering (politik)">Triangulering</a> • <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5gm%C3%A4stare_(politik)" title="Vågmästare (politik)">Vågmästare</a> • <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5ldsmonopol" title="Våldsmonopol">Våldsmonopol</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%84del_l%C3%B6gn" title="Ädel lögn">Ädel lögn</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ppet_samh%C3%A4lle" title="Öppet samhälle">Öppet samhälle</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Filosofer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Antiken</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> • <a href="/wiki/Han_Feizi" title="Han Feizi">Han Feizi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konfucius" title="Konfucius">Konfucius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Zi" title="Sun Zi">Sun Zi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thukydides" title="Thukydides">Thukydides</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xenofon" title="Xenofon">Xenofon</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Medeltiden</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Al_Farabi" title="Al Farabi">Al Farabi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_av_Aquino" title="Thomas av Aquino">Aquino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%ABs" title="Averroës">Averroës</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Bruni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gelasius_I" title="Gelasius I">Gelasius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazali" title="Mohammad Ghazali">Ghazali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammed</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Ockham" title="William Ockham">Ockham</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Tidigmodern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">Boétie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Bodin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Bossuet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Calvin" title="Jean Calvin">Calvin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a> • <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">17- och 18-<br />hundratalen</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Michail_Bakunin" title="Michail Bakunin">Bakunin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Condorcet" title="Nicolas de Condorcet">Condorcet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Iqbal" title="Mohammad Iqbal">Iqbal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles-Louis_de_Secondat_Montesquieu" title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a> • <a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">19- och 20-<br />hundratalen</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhimrao_Ramji_Ambedkar" title="Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar">Ambedkar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Benoist</a> • <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a> • <a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a> • <a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Fukuyama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a> • <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Hayek" title="Friedrich von Hayek">Hayek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Huntington</a> • <a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Kropotkin" title="Pjotr Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Staten_(Platon)" title="Staten (Platon)">Staten</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(ca 375 f.Kr.)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Politiken" title="Politiken">Politiken</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(ca 350 f.Kr.)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Fursten" title="Fursten">Fursten</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1532)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Thomas_Hobbes)" title="Leviathan (Thomas Hobbes)">Leviathan</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1651)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/De_l%27esprit_des_lois" title="De l'esprit des lois">Om lagarnas anda</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1748)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Om_samh%C3%A4llsf%C3%B6rdraget" title="Om samhällsfördraget">Om samhällsfördraget</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1762)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Reflektioner_om_franska_revolutionen" title="Reflektioner om franska revolutionen">Reflektioner om franska revolutionen</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1790)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Grundlinien_der_Philosophie_des_Rechts" title="Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts">Rättsfilosofins grunddrag</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1820)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Kommunistiska_manifestet" title="Kommunistiska manifestet">Kommunistiska manifestet</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1848)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Om_friheten" title="Om friheten">Om friheten</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1859)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Massornas_uppror" title="Massornas uppror">Massornas uppror</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1929)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4gen_till_tr%C3%A4ldom" title="Vägen till träldom">Vägen till träldom</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1944)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Det_%C3%B6ppna_samh%C3%A4llet_och_dess_fiender" title="Det öppna samhället och dess fiender">Det öppna samhället och dess fiender</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1945)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/En_teori_om_r%C3%A4ttvisa" title="En teori om rättvisa">En teori om rättvisa</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1971)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Se även</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritarianism" title="Auktoritarianism">Auktoritarianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/De_politiska_id%C3%A9ernas_historia" title="De politiska idéernas historia">De politiska idéernas historia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egalitarism" title="Egalitarism">Egalitarism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ekonomikritik" title="Ekonomikritik">Ekonomikritik</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elitteori" title="Elitteori">Elitteori</a> • <a href="/wiki/GAL%E2%80%93TAN" title="GAL–TAN">GAL–TAN</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politiskt_spektrum" title="Politiskt spektrum">Politiskt spektrum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politisk_v%C3%A4nster" title="Politisk vänster">Vänster</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politisk_mitt" title="Politisk mitt">Mitt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politisk_h%C3%B6ger" title="Politisk höger">Höger</a>) • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsfilosofi" title="Rättsfilosofi">Rättsfilosofi</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsvetenskap" title="Rättsvetenskap">Rättsvetenskap</a> • <a href="/wiki/Separatism_(statsvetenskap)" title="Separatism (statsvetenskap)">Separatism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Etatism" title="Etatism">Statism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Totalitarism" title="Totalitarism">Totalitarism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politisk_filosofi" title="Kategori:Politisk filosofi">Kategori:Politisk filosofi</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Livs%C3%A5sk%C3%A5dning" title="Mall:Livsåskådning"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Livs%C3%A5sk%C3%A5dning&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Livs%C3%A5sk%C3%A5dning" title="Livsåskådning">Livsåskådning</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religiös livsåskådning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekul%C3%A4r_livs%C3%A5sk%C3%A5dning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekulär livsåskådning [inte skriven än]">Sekulär livsåskådning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodern livsåskådning</a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"> </div><span style="font-size:100%;">Religiösa livsåskådningar</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsreligion" title="Världsreligion">Världsreligion</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamitiska_religioner" title="Abrahamitiska religioner">Abrahamitiska religioner</a>(<a href="/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom">Kristendom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Judendom" title="Judendom">Judendom</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í">Bahá'í</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Konfucianism" title="Konfucianism">Konfucianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Viktiga individer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_(patriark)" title="Abraham (patriark)">Abraham (patriark)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Buddha" title="Buddha">Buddha</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammed</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"> </div><span style="font-size:100%;">Sekulära livsåskådningar</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Framträdande rörelser</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Sekul%C3%A4r_humanism" title="Sekulär humanism">Sekulär humanism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Viktiga individer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Harris" title="Sam Harris">Sam Harris</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley" title="Julian Huxley">Julian Huxley</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ingemar_Hedenius" title="Ingemar Hedenius">Ingemar Hedenius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pinker" title="Steven Pinker">Steven Pinker</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"> </div><span style="font-size:100%;">Postmoderna livsåskådningar</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Framträdande rörelser</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Subjektivism" title="Subjektivism">Subjektivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Relativism" title="Relativism">Relativism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Viktiga individer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" 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