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id="toc-Sportswriting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mentor_to_other_authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mentor_to_other_authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mentor to other authors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mentor_to_other_authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Halberstam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ديفيد هالبرستام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديفيد هالبرستام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85" title="دیفید هالبرستام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دیفید هالبرستام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%9D" title="דייוויד הלברשטם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דייוויד הלברשטם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ديفيد هالبرستام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديفيد هالبرستام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%A0" title="デイヴィッド・ハルバースタム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デイヴィッド・ハルバースタム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="David Halberstam" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9D_(%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8)" title="דוד האלבערשטאם (שרייבער) – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דוד האלבערשטאם (שרייבער)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="大衛·哈伯斯坦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大衛·哈伯斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q467156#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American writer, journalist and historian (1934–2007)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the author and journalist. For the radio sports announcer and executive, see <a href="/wiki/David_J._Halberstam" title="David J. Halberstam">David J. Halberstam</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">David Halberstam</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Halberstam_2001_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Halberstam in 2001"><img alt="Halberstam in 2001" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/David_Halberstam_2001_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-David_Halberstam_2001_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/David_Halberstam_2001_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-David_Halberstam_2001_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/David_Halberstam_2001_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-David_Halberstam_2001_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="637" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Halberstam in 2001</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1934-04-10</span>)</span>April 10, 1934<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">April 23, 2007<span style="display:none">(2007-04-23)</span> (aged 73)<br /><a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California" title="Menlo Park, California">Menlo Park, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Journalist, historian, writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">AB</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">Non-fiction</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Czy%C5%BCewska" title="Elżbieta Czyżewska">Elżbieta Czyżewska</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1965; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1977)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jean Sandness Butler</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1979)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Halberstam" title="Michael J. Halberstam">Michael J. Halberstam</a> (brother)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>David Halberstam</b> (April 10, 1934 – April 23, 2007) was an American writer, journalist, and historian, known for his work on the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, politics, history, the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a>, business, media, American culture, <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, and later, <a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">sports journalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_International_Reporting" title="Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting">Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting</a> in 1964. Halberstam was killed in a car crash in 2007 while doing research for a book.<sup id="cite_ref-pulitzer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pulitzer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Halberstam was born in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, the son of Blanche (nee Levy) and Charles A. Halberstam, schoolteacher and Army surgeon.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family was <a href="/wiki/American_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="American Jew">Jewish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was raised in <a href="/wiki/Winsted,_Connecticut" title="Winsted, Connecticut">Winsted, Connecticut</a>, where he was a classmate of <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a>. Halberstam moved to <a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers, New York</a>, and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_High_School_(Yonkers,_New_York)" title="Roosevelt High School (Yonkers, New York)">Roosevelt High School</a> in 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1955, he graduated from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> with an A.B. degree after serving as managing editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">The Harvard Crimson</a></i>. Halberstam had a rebellious streak and as editor of the <i>Harvard Crimson</i> engaged in a competition to see which columnist could most offend readers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Halberstam's journalism career began at the <i>Daily Times Leader</i> in <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_Mississippi" title="West Point, Mississippi">West Point</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, the smallest daily newspaper in Mississippi. He covered the beginnings of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tennessean" title="The Tennessean">The Tennessean</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a> later stated that Halberstam was the only journalist in Nashville who would cover the <a href="/wiki/Nashville_sit-ins" title="Nashville sit-ins">Nashville sit-ins</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> organized by the <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Student_Movement" title="Nashville Student Movement">Nashville Student Movement</a> which Halberstam focused on in his 1998 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Children_(book)" title="The Children (book)">The Children</a></i>. Halberstam's fiery, rebellious streak first came out when covering the civil rights movement as he protested against the lies of the authorities who portrayed the civil rights protesters as violent and dangerous.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_the_Congo">Republic of the Congo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Republic of the Congo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1961 ,<i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> dispatched Halberstam to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_(L%C3%A9opoldville)" title="Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)">Republic of the Congo</a> to report on the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a>. Although initially eager to cover the events in the country, over time he grew jaded over the demanding working conditions and the difficulty in handling Congolese officials' lack of truthfulness. In July 1962 he quickly accepted an opportunity to move to Vietnam to report on the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> for <i>The New York Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeyb20171_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeyb20171-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam">Vietnam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vietnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Halberstam arrived in Vietnam in the middle of 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A tall and well built man, he conveyed much self-confidence and initially the American embassy approved of him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Halberstam was openly hostile to any hint of deception, and he soon came into conflict with American officials.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000196_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000196-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the chief American officer in South Vietnam, General <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Harkins" title="Paul D. Harkins">Paul D. Harkins</a>, launched an operation with 45 helicopters flown by American pilots landing a battalion of South Vietnamese infantry to attack a Viet Cong base, Halberstam was forbidden from doing any direct reporting; he was simply told to report the operation as a victory. Halberstam was enraged by this media control,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000196_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000196-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as he expressed in a letter to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Nolting" title="Frederick Nolting">Frederick Nolting</a>, the Ambassador to South Vietnam. Halberstam wrote about the media blackout: "The reason given is security. This is, of course, stupid, naive and indeed insulting to the patriotism and intelligence of every American newspaperman, and every American newspaper represented here."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Halberstam argued that the operation could not have been the victory that Harkins had claimed as the Viet Cong must have heard the helicopters coming and accordingly retreated as guerrillas normally do when faced with superior force, leading him to write: "You can bet the V.C. knew what was happening. You can bet Hanoi knew what was happening. Only American reporters and American readers were kept ignorant."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000196_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000196-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the help of military sources like <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Vann" title="John Paul Vann">John Paul Vann</a>, an active duty officer in Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV), Halberstam, along with colleagues <a href="/wiki/Neil_Sheehan" title="Neil Sheehan">Neil Sheehan</a> of UPI and Malcolm Brown of the AP, challenged the upbeat reporting of the United States mission in South Vietnam. They reported the defeat of government troops at the first major battle of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ap_Bac" title="Battle of Ap Bac">Battle of Ap Bac</a>. President John F. Kennedy tried to get <i>The New York Times</i> to replace Halberstam with a more compliant journalist. The <i>Times</i> refused.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_crisis" title="Buddhist crisis">Buddhist crisis</a> in 1963, Halberstam and Neil Sheehan debunked the claim by the <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Di%E1%BB%87m" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngô Đình Diệm">Diệm</a> regime that the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Vietnam" title="Army of the Republic of Vietnam">Army of the Republic of Vietnam</a> regular forces had perpetrated the <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A1_L%E1%BB%A3i_Pagoda_raids" title="Xá Lợi Pagoda raids">brutal raids on Buddhist temples</a>, which the American authorities had initially believed, but that the <a href="/wiki/ARVN_Special_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="ARVN Special Forces">Special Forces</a>, loyal to Diệm's brother and strategist <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Nhu" title="Ngô Đình Nhu">Nhu</a>, had done so to frame the army generals. He was also involved in a <a href="/wiki/Double_Seven_Day_scuffle" title="Double Seven Day scuffle">scuffle</a> with Nhu's secret police after they punched fellow journalist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Arnett" title="Peter Arnett">Peter Arnett</a> while the news men were covering a Buddhist protest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000218-219_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000218-219-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeing Arnett lying on the ground being punched and kicked by policemen, Halberstam ran to his rescue, shouting in fury: "Go back, get back you sons of bitches or I'll beat the shit out of you!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000219_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000219-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Halberstam spoke in English, the policemen did not understand him, but as he was much taller than the diminutive Vietnamese, the sight of him running at them, red-faced and furious, was enough to cause them to run away.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000219_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000219-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Halberstam's reporting led to a feud with journalists <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Higgins" title="Marguerite Higgins">Marguerite Higgins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alsop" title="Joseph Alsop">Joseph Alsop</a>, and <i>TIME</i> Magazine publisher <a href="/wiki/Henry_Luce" title="Henry Luce">Henry Luce</a>, who all championed the Diem regime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All three had been members of the "<a href="/wiki/China_Lobby" class="mw-redirect" title="China Lobby">China Lobby</a>", who had been, in the 1930s and 1940s, passionately committed to supporting the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> regime and believed that the only reason the Kuomintang lost the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> in 1949 was because a few American officials and journalists had chosen to "betray" <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>, who otherwise would have defeated the Communists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reporters like <a href="/wiki/Theodore_H._White" title="Theodore H. White">Theodore White</a>, who saw and exposed Chiang's corruption and indifference to China's peasants, were – to the China Lobby – defeatists and traitors. (White's insistence on covering the Chiang regime as he saw it would eventually destroy his relationship with Luce, who had been his patron and a close friend.)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The China Lobby tended to approve of Diem for the same reasons that they approved of Chiang, seeing both as pro-Western, modernizing Christian leaders who made their respective nations into copies of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same way the China Lobby portrayed Chiang as China's Christian savior because of his conversion to Methodism, and as someone who would presumably convert the rest of the Chinese to Christianity, they saw the Catholic Diem as Vietnam's Christian savior who likewise would convert the Vietnamese to Christianity. Both Higgins<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and Luce had been born in China to Protestant missionary parents and were very attracted to the idea of one day converting all of the Chinese to Christianity; Chiang's defeat in 1949 had caused them much bitterness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For many members of the China Lobby, South Vietnam was a sort of consolation prize for the "<a href="/wiki/Loss_of_China" title="Loss of China">loss of China</a>" in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Halberstam's criticism of Diem sounded very similar to American journalists' criticism of Chiang in the 1940s, and it threatened the possibility of “losing” South Vietnam. This led to their furious attacks on Halberstam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </p><p>Before going to South Vietnam, Higgins was briefed by Marine General, <a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Krulak" title="Victor H. Krulak">Victor "Brute" Krulak</a>, about what line she was to take.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her first column from Saigon, Higgins called the younger American journalists like Halberstam and Sheenan, "typewriter strategists" who rarely went into battle, further adding: "Reporters here would like to see us lose the war to prove they're right." <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to editors of <i>The New York Times</i> who told Halberstam to change his coverage to gain Higgins's approval, he wrote back: "If you mention that woman's name to me one more time I will resign, repeat resign, and I mean it, repeat, mean it."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More dangerous to Halberstam was criticism of Alsop owing to his friendship with the Kennedy brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his columns, Alsop, without naming Halberstam explicitly, mentioned a young reporter from <i>The New York Times</i> who was a "defeatist" who never reported the good news from "Vietnam's fighting front." <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000244_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000244-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Halberstam ridiculed Alsop's statement about the "fighting front" as reflecting the ignorance of someone who did not understand guerrilla warfare, where there was no "front" in the sense that Alsop had used the word.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000244_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000244-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Halberstam's view, Higgins and Alsop weren't doing any reporting on the ground, they were merely flying into Saigon occasionally to interview US officials and transmit those comments to their American readers. In effect, Halberstam wrote, Higgins and Alsop came to Vietnam "not so much to report on the war as to strengthen policy." Halberstam saw the official, optimistic view of the war as inaccurate – and therefore fundamentally dishonest: "Among lower- and middle-ranking American and Vietnamese officials, there was the working level view," he wrote in his book, <a href="/wiki/The_Powers_That_Be_(book)" title="The Powers That Be (book)"><i>The Powers That Be</i></a>. "It was a view shared by the American reporters. They could see what was really going on, and they refused, in their reporting, to fake it.... The American government was fighting less a war than a public relations campaign."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Halberstam tried to visit North Vietnam. Halberstam asked <a href="/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Maneli" title="Mieczysław Maneli">Mieczysław Maneli</a>, the Polish Commissioner to the International Control Commission, if he would be able to arrange for him to visit North Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Maneli had to tell him that the message from Premier <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_V%C4%83n_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng" title="Phạm Văn Đồng">Phạm Văn Đồng</a> was that "We are not interested in building up the prestige of American journalists".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maneli suspected the real reason for refusing Halberstam permission to enter North Vietnam was the belief by the North Vietnamese that he might be an American spy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Halberstam received the <a href="/wiki/George_Polk_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="George Polk Award">George Polk Award</a> for Foreign Reporting in 1963 for his reporting for <i>The New York Times</i>, including his eyewitness account of the <a href="/wiki/Self-immolation" title="Self-immolation">self-immolation</a> of Vietnamese Buddhist monk, <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thích Quảng Đức">Thích Quảng Đức</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Halberstam left Vietnam in 1964, at age 30, and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_International_Reporting" title="Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting">Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting</a> that year.<sup id="cite_ref-pulitzer_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pulitzer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is interviewed in the 1968 documentary film on the Vietnam War, titled <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Year_of_the_Pig" title="In the Year of the Pig">In the Year of the Pig</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_Rights_Movement_and_Poland">Civil Rights Movement and Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Civil Rights Movement and Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/David_Halberstam" title="Special:EditPage/David Halberstam">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the mid-1960s, Halberstam covered the Civil Rights Movement for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. He was sent on assignment to Poland, where he soon became "an attraction from behind the Iron Curtain" to the artistic boheme<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in Warsaw. The result of that fascination was a 12-year marriage to one of the most popular young actresses of that time, <a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Czy%C5%BCewska" title="Elżbieta Czyżewska">Elżbieta Czyżewska</a>, on June 13, 1965. </p><p>Initially well received by the communist regime, two years later he was expelled from the country as persona non grata for publishing an article in <i>The New York Times</i> criticizing the Polish government. Czyżewska followed him, becoming an outcast herself; that decision disrupted her career in the country where she was a big star, adored by millions. In the spring of 1967, Halberstam traveled with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> from New York City to <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a> and then to <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a> for a <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's</a></i> article, "The Second Coming of Martin Luther King". While at the <i>Times</i>, he gathered material for his book <i>The Making of a Quagmire: America and Vietnam during the Kennedy Era</i> (which developed the <a href="/wiki/Quagmire_theory" title="Quagmire theory">Quagmire theory</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy,_media_works"><span id="Foreign_policy.2C_media_works"></span>Foreign policy, media works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foreign policy, media works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Halberstam next wrote about President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>'s foreign-policy decisions on the Vietnam War in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_and_the_Brightest" title="The Best and the Brightest">The Best and the Brightest</a></i>. In 1972 Halberstam went to work on his next book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Powers_That_Be_(book)" title="The Powers That Be (book)">The Powers That Be</a></i>, published in 1979 and featuring profiles of media titans like <a href="/wiki/William_S._Paley" title="William S. Paley">William S. Paley</a> of <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Luce" title="Henry Luce">Henry Luce</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine, and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Graham" title="Phil Graham">Phil Graham</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. </p><p>In 1980 his brother, <a href="/wiki/Cardiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiologist">cardiologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Halberstam" title="Michael J. Halberstam">Michael J. Halberstam</a>, was shot and killed during a home invasion by escaped convict and prolific burglar Bernard C. Welch Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-welchmurder_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welchmurder-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His only public comment related to his brother's murder came when he and Michael's widow castigated <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> magazine, then published monthly, for paying Michael's killer $9,000 to pose in jail for color photographs that appeared on inside pages of the February 1981 edition of <i>Life</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991 Halberstam wrote <i>The Next Century</i>, in which he argued that, after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the United States was likely to fall behind economically to other countries such as Japan and Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sportswriting">Sportswriting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sportswriting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/David_Halberstam" title="Special:EditPage/David Halberstam">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Later in his career, Halberstam turned to sports, publishing <i><a href="/wiki/The_Breaks_of_the_Game" title="The Breaks of the Game">The Breaks of the Game</a></i>, an inside look at <a href="/wiki/Bill_Walton" title="Bill Walton">Bill Walton</a> and the 1979–80 <a href="/wiki/Portland_Trail_Blazers" title="Portland Trail Blazers">Portland Trail Blazers</a> basketball team; <i>Summer of '49</i>, on the baseball pennant race battle between the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a>; <i>October 1964</i>, on the <a href="/wiki/1964_World_Series" title="1964 World Series">1964 World Series</a> between the New York Yankees and <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a>; <i>Playing for Keeps</i>, an ambitious book on <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jordan" title="Michael Jordan">Michael Jordan</a> in <a href="/wiki/1999_in_literature" title="1999 in literature">1999</a>; <i>The Teammates: A Portrait of a Friendship</i>, focusing on the relationships among several members of the Boston Red Sox in the 1940s; and <i>The Education of a Coach</i>, about <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a> head coach <a href="/wiki/Bill_Belichick" title="Bill Belichick">Bill Belichick</a>. Much of his sportswriting, particularly his baseball books, focuses on the personalities of the players and the times they lived in as much as on the games themselves. </p><p>In particular, Halberstam depicted the 1949 Yankees and Red Sox as symbols of a nobler era, when blue-collar athletes modestly strove to succeed and enter the middle class rather than making millions and defying their owners and talking back to the press. In 1997, Halberstam received the <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy_Award" title="Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award">Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award</a> as well as an honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">Doctor of Laws</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Colby_College" title="Colby College">Colby College</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/David_Halberstam" title="Special:EditPage/David Halberstam">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After publishing four books in the 1960s, including the novel <i>The Noblest Roman</i>, <i>The Making of a Quagmire</i> and <i>The Unfinished Odyssey of Robert Kennedy</i>, he wrote three books in the 1970s, four books in the 1980s, and six books in the 1990s including his 1998 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Children_(Halberstam)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Children (Halberstam)">The Children</a></i> which chronicled the <a href="/wiki/Nashville_sit-ins" title="Nashville sit-ins">1959–1962 Nashville Student Movement</a>. He wrote four more books in the 2000s, and was working on at least two others at the time of his death. </p><p>In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, Halberstam wrote the book <i>Firehouse</i> about the lives of the men from Engine 40, Ladder 35 of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a>. The last book Halberstam completed, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Coldest_Winter:_America_and_the_Korean_War" title="The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War">The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War</a></i>, was published posthumously in September 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Halberstam died in a traffic collision on April 23, 2007, in <a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California" title="Menlo Park, California">Menlo Park, California</a>, at the age of 73.<sup id="cite_ref-Coté_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coté-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was en route to an interview with former San Francisco 49ers and New York Giants quarterback <a href="/wiki/Y._A._Tittle" title="Y. A. Tittle">Y. A. Tittle</a> for a book about the 1958 championship game between the Giants and the Baltimore Colts,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the journalism student driving Halberstam to the interview illegally turned into oncoming traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Halberstam's death, the book project was taken over by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gifford" title="Frank Gifford">Frank Gifford</a>, who had played for the losing <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> in the 1958 game, and was titled <i>The Glory Game</i>, published by <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a> in October 2008 with an introduction dedicated to Halberstam.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mentor_to_other_authors">Mentor to other authors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mentor to other authors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Howard_Bryant" title="Howard Bryant">Howard Bryant</a> in the Acknowledgments section of <i>Juicing the Game</i>, his 2005 book about <a href="/wiki/Anabolic_steroid" title="Anabolic steroid">steroids</a> in baseball, said of Halberstam's assistance: "He provided me with a succinct road map and the proper mind-set." Bryant went on to quote Halberstam on how to tackle a controversial non-fiction subject: "Think about three or four moments that you believe to be the most important during your time frame. Then think about what the leadership did about it. It doesn't have to be complicated. What happened, and what did the leaders do about it? That's your book." <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this section is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:David_Halberstam##" title="Talk:David Halberstam">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Pulitzer Prize-winning <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> correspondent Marguerite Higgins was pro-Diệm and frequently clashed with Halberstam and his colleagues. She claimed they had ulterior motives, saying "reporters here would like to see us lose the war to prove they're right."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Vietnam conflict, Halberstam's reporting for <i>The New York Times</i> led many, including <i>Times</i> editors, to believe that Buddhists were a majority of the Vietnamese population and that the Diệm administration was therefore a minority suppressing a majority. In fact, only 30% of Vietnamese were practicing Buddhists at the time. "The myth of the gravity of the Buddhist crisis was also a point of contention."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Halberstam's reporting made the crisis seem much more mainstream than it was. </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Mark_Moyar" title="Mark Moyar">Mark Moyar</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> claimed that Halberstam, along with fellow journalists Neil Sheehan and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Karnow" title="Stanley Karnow">Stanley Karnow</a>, helped to bring about the <a href="/wiki/1963_South_Vietnamese_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="1963 South Vietnamese coup">1963 South Vietnamese coup</a> against President Diệm by sending negative information on Diệm to the U.S. government in news articles and in private, all because they decided Diệm was unhelpful in the war effort. Moyar claims that much of this information was false or misleading.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moyar argues that Halberstram and Karnow relied too heavily on Pham Ngoc Thao and <a href="/wiki/Pham_Xuan_An" class="mw-redirect" title="Pham Xuan An">Pham Xuan An</a> as sources: both men were undercover communist spies assigned to mislead journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newspaper <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">opinion editor</a> Michael Young posits that Halberstam saw Vietnam as a moral tragedy, with America's hubris bringing about its downfall. Young writes that Halberstam reduced everything to <a href="/wiki/Will_(philosophy)" title="Will (philosophy)">human will</a>, turning his subjects into agents of broader historical forces and coming off like a <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood (film industry)">Hollywood</a> movie with a fated and formulaic climax.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer_Prize" title="Norman Mailer Prize">Norman Mailer Prize</a>, Distinguished Journalism</li> <li>1994: Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> presented by Awards Council member <a href="/wiki/Neil_Sheehan" title="Neil Sheehan">Neil Sheehan</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> for International Reporting, <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_W._Browne" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm W. Browne">Malcolm W. Browne</a> and Halberstam<sup id="cite_ref-pulitzer_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pulitzer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?123580-1/political-discussion">Interview with Halberstam on <i>The Reckoning</i>, October 1, 1987</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?46582-1/fifties"><i>Booknotes</i> interview with Halberstam on <i>The Fifties</i>, July 11, 1993</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?103020-1/children">Discussion at Fisk University with Halberstam and panelists who were profiled in <i>The Children</i>, March 26, 1998</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?120876-1/playing-keeps">Discussion with Halberstam on <i>Playing for Keeps: Michael Jordan and the World He Made</i>, February 22, 1999</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?166512-1/war-time-peace">Discussion with Halberstam on <i>War in a Time of Peace</i>, October 7, 2001</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?184030-1/best-brightest">Halberstam interviewed by Ben Bradlee on the influence of <i>The Best and the Brightest</i>, February 13, 2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Noblest Roman</i>. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. 1961. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/871147">871147</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Noblest+Roman&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton-Mifflin&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F871147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span> (novel)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingofquagmire00halb"><i>The Making of a Quagmire: America and Vietnam During the Kennedy Era</i></a>. McGraw-Hill. 1965. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-555092-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-555092-X"><bdi>0-07-555092-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+a+Quagmire%3A+America+and+Vietnam+During+the+Kennedy+Era&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=0-07-555092-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingofquagmire00halb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oneveryhotdaynov00halb_0"><i>One Very Hot Day</i></a></span>. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. 1967. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000HFUAT4">B000HFUAT4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Very+Hot+Day&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton-Mifflin&rft.date=1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB000HFUAT4%23id-name%3DASIN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foneveryhotdaynov00halb_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span> (novel)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Unfinished Odyssey of Robert Kennedy</i>. Random House. 1968. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-45025-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-45025-6"><bdi>0-394-45025-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unfinished+Odyssey+of+Robert+Kennedy&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=0-394-45025-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Ho</i>. McGraw-Hill. 1971. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-554223-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-554223-4"><bdi>0-07-554223-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ho&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-07-554223-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_and_the_Brightest" title="The Best and the Brightest">The Best and the Brightest</a></i>. Ballantine Books. 1972. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-449-90870-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-449-90870-4"><bdi>0-449-90870-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best+and+the+Brightest&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-449-90870-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Powers_That_Be_(book)" title="The Powers That Be (book)"><i>The Powers That Be</i></a></i>. Alfred A. Knopf. 1979. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-06941-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-06941-2"><bdi>0-252-06941-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Powers+That+Be&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-252-06941-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Breaks_of_the_Game" title="The Breaks of the Game">The Breaks of the Game</a></i>. Ballantine Books. 1981. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-29625-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-29625-7"><bdi>0-345-29625-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Breaks+of+the+Game&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-345-29625-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Amateurs: The Story of Four Young Men and Their Quest for an Olympic Gold Medal</i>. Ballantine Books. 1985. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-449-91003-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-449-91003-2"><bdi>0-449-91003-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amateurs%3A+The+Story+of+Four+Young+Men+and+Their+Quest+for+an+Olympic+Gold+Medal&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-449-91003-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span> — about the sport of <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reckoning_(1986_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Reckoning (1986 book)">The Reckoning</a></i>. Avon Books. 1986. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-72147-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-72147-3"><bdi>0-380-72147-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reckoning&rft.pub=Avon+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-380-72147-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/summerof4900halb_0"><i>Summer of '49: The Yankees and the Red Sox in Postwar America</i></a>. New York: William Morrow & Co. 1989. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-6880-6678-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-6880-6678-X"><bdi>0-6880-6678-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Summer+of+%2749%3A+The+Yankees+and+the+Red+Sox+in+Postwar+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=William+Morrow+%26+Co.&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-6880-6678-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsummerof4900halb_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Next Century</i>. Random House. 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-09882-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-09882-2"><bdi>0-517-09882-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Next+Century&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-517-09882-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fifties_(book)" title="The Fifties (book)">The Fifties</a></i>. Ballantine Books. 1993. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-449-90933-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-449-90933-6"><bdi>0-449-90933-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fifties&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-449-90933-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>October 1964</i>. Ballantine Books. 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-449-98367-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-449-98367-6"><bdi>0-449-98367-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=October+1964&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-449-98367-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Children_(Halberstam)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Children (Halberstam)">The Children</a></i>. Ballantine Books. 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-449-00439-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-449-00439-2"><bdi>0-449-00439-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Children&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-449-00439-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/playingforkeepsm00halb_0"><i>Playing for Keeps: Michael Jordan and the World He Made</i></a>. Broadway Books. 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7679-0444-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7679-0444-3"><bdi>0-7679-0444-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Playing+for+Keeps%3A+Michael+Jordan+and+the+World+He+Made&rft.pub=Broadway+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7679-0444-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplayingforkeepsm00halb_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>War in a Time of Peace: Bush, Clinton, and the Generals</i>. Scribner. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-2323-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-2323-3"><bdi>0-7432-2323-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+in+a+Time+of+Peace%3A+Bush%2C+Clinton%2C+and+the+Generals&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7432-2323-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Firehouse</i>. Hachette. 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7868-8851-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7868-8851-2"><bdi>0-7868-8851-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Firehouse&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7868-8851-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/teammates00halb_0"><i>The Teammates: A Portrait of a Friendship</i></a></span>. Hyperion. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7868-8867-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7868-8867-9"><bdi>0-7868-8867-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Teammates%3A+A+Portrait+of+a+Friendship&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7868-8867-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fteammates00halb_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/educationofcoach00halb"><i>The Education of a Coach</i></a></span>. Hyperion. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4013-0879-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-4013-0879-1"><bdi>1-4013-0879-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Education+of+a+Coach&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-4013-0879-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feducationofcoach00halb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coldest_Winter:_America_and_the_Korean_War" title="The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War">The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War</a></i>. Hyperion. 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-0052-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-0052-4"><bdi>978-1-4013-0052-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coldest+Winter%3A+America+and+the+Korean+War&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4013-0052-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Glory Game: How the 1958 NFL Championship Changed Football Forever</i>. HarperCollins. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-154255-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-154255-8"><bdi>978-0-06-154255-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Glory+Game%3A+How+the+1958+NFL+Championship+Changed+Football+Forever&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-06-154255-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span> — in progress at Halberstam's death; completed by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gifford" title="Frank Gifford">Frank Gifford</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/David_Halberstam" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/David Halberstam">David Halberstam</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thích Quảng Đức">Thích Quảng Đức</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Salisbury" title="Harrison Salisbury">Harrison Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Seven_Day_scuffle" title="Double Seven Day scuffle">Double Seven Day scuffle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">Academy of Achievement</a> biography <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302004839/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/hal0bio-1">"David Halberstam Biography -- Academy of Achievement"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/hal0bio-1">the original</a> on March 2, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Halberstam+Biography+--+Academy+of+Achievement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.achievement.org%2Fautodoc%2Fpage%2Fhal0bio-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span>; retrieved February 26, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pulitzer-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pulitzer_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pulitzer_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pulitzer_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/International-Reporting">"International Reporting"</a>. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved November 1, 2013-.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_obit-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaberman2007" class="citation web cs1">Haberman, Clyde (April 24, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/arts/24halberstam.html?nytmobile=0">"David Halberstam, 73, Reporter and Author, Dies"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=David+Halberstam%2C+73%2C+Reporter+and+Author%2C+Dies&rft.date=2007-04-24&rft.aulast=Haberman&rft.aufirst=Clyde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F04%2F24%2Farts%2F24halberstam.html%3Fnytmobile%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPacker2007" class="citation web cs1">Packer, George (May 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/05/07/david-halberstam">"David Halberstam"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=David+Halberstam&rft.date=2007-05-07&rft.aulast=Packer&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2007%2F05%2F07%2Fdavid-halberstam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Packer (May 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/talk/2007/05/07/070507ta_talk_packer">"Postscript: David Halberstam"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000195_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangguth2000">Langguth 2000</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1998" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, John (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/walkingwithwindm00lewi/page/112"><i>Walking with the Wind; A Memoir of the Movement</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/walkingwithwindm00lewi/page/112">112</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684810652" title="Special:BookSources/9780684810652"><bdi>9780684810652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walking+with+the+Wind%3B+A+Memoir+of+the+Movement&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780684810652&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwalkingwithwindm00lewi%2Fpage%2F112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeyb20171-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeyb20171_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeyb2017">Seyb 2017</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000196-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000196_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000196_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000196_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangguth2000">Langguth 2000</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheehan, Neil, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Bright_Shining_Lie" title="A Bright Shining Lie">A Bright Shining Lie</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000218-219-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000218-219_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangguth2000">Langguth 2000</a>, p. 218-219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000219-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000219_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000219_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangguth2000">Langguth 2000</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000242_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangguth2000">Langguth 2000</a>, p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Halberstam, David (1979), <i>The Powers That Be</i>, Alfred A. Knopf, pp. 86-88<</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000243_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangguth2000">Langguth 2000</a>, p. 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELangguth2000244-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000244_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangguth2000244_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangguth2000">Langguth 2000</a>, p. 244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Halberstam, <i>The Powers That Be</i>, p. 449</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wellesley.edu/Polisci/wj/Vietimages/monk.htm">Self-immolation of Buddhist monk</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (November 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowder2016" class="citation book cs1">Browder, Laura (May 1, 2016). 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B1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehmann-Haupt1998" class="citation news cs1">Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (March 15, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/15/home/halberstam-century.html">"The Next Century"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Next+Century&rft.date=1998-03-15&rft.aulast=Lehmann-Haupt&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F03%2F15%2Fhome%2Fhalberstam-century.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coté-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coté_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoté2007" class="citation news cs1">Coté, John (April 23, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/04/23/BAGGPPE0TL3.DTL">"Author David Halberstam killed in Menlo Park"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Author+David+Halberstam+killed+in+Menlo+Park&rft.date=2007-04-23&rft.aulast=Cot%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2007%2F04%2F23%2FBAGGPPE0TL3.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoté2008" class="citation news cs1">Coté, John (February 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Driver-in-Halberstam-crash-gets-5-days-in-jail-3294381.php">"Driver in Halberstam crash gets 5 days in jail"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Driver+in+Halberstam+crash+gets+5+days+in+jail&rft.date=2008-02-15&rft.aulast=Cot%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FDriver-in-Halberstam-crash-gets-5-days-in-jail-3294381.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNader2007" class="citation web cs1">Nader, Ralph (June 2, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121007050602/http://www.commondreams.org/archive/2007/06/02/1621">"In Memory of David Halberstam"</a>. <i>Common Dreams</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commondreams.org/archive/2007/06/02/1621">the original</a> on October 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Common+Dreams&rft.atitle=In+Memory+of+David+Halberstam&rft.date=2007-06-02&rft.aulast=Nader&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commondreams.org%2Farchive%2F2007%2F06%2F02%2F1621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafer1990" class="citation book cs1">Schafer, Michael (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ipgHd7bcyPMC&q=%22reporters+here+would+like+to+see+us+lose+the+war+to+prove+they%27re+right.%22&pg=PA134"><i>The Legacy: The Vietnam War in the American Imagination</i></a>. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8070-5400-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8070-5400-3"><bdi>0-8070-5400-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legacy%3A+The+Vietnam+War+in+the+American+Imagination&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-8070-5400-3&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DipgHd7bcyPMC%26q%3D%2522reporters%2Bhere%2Bwould%2Blike%2Bto%2Bsee%2Bus%2Blose%2Bthe%2Bwar%2Bto%2Bprove%2Bthey%2527re%2Bright.%2522%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToong2008" class="citation journal cs1">Toong, Zi Jun (2008). "Overthrown by the Press: The US Media's Role in the Fall of Diem". <i>Australasian Journal of American Studies</i>. <b>27</b> (1): 56–72, at 63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Journal+of+American+Studies&rft.atitle=Overthrown+by+the+Press%3A+The+US+Media%27s+Role+in+the+Fall+of+Diem&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=56-72%2C+at+63&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Toong&rft.aufirst=Zi+Jun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gary Shapiro (April 30, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/new-york/mark-moyar-historian-of-vietnam-finds-academe/53422">"Mark Moyar, Historian of Vietnam, Finds Academe Hostile to a Hawk"</a>, <i>The New York Sun</i>; accessed November 4, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyar2007" class="citation news cs1">Moyar, Mark (July 5, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/article/221501/halberstams-history-mark-moyar">"Halberstam's History"</a>. <i>The National Review</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Review&rft.atitle=Halberstam%27s+History&rft.date=2007-07-05&rft.aulast=Moyar&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Farticle%2F221501%2Fhalberstams-history-mark-moyar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moyar, Mark. Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965. Cambridge University Press, 2006, pgs 214-15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, M. (April 26, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reason.com/news/show/119871.html">"A Man of Sharp Angles and Firm Truths"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Reason_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Reason Online">Reason Online</a></i>; accessed November 4, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/">"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"</a>. <i>www.achievement.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.achievement.org&rft.atitle=Golden+Plate+Awardees+of+the+American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Four-history%2Fgolden-plate-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeyb2017" class="citation journal cs1">Seyb, Ronald P. (2017). "Young Man and War: David Halberstam's Empathetic Reporting during the Congo Crisis". <i>Journalism History</i>. <b>43</b> (2): 75–85. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00947679.2017.12059168">10.1080/00947679.2017.12059168</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0094-7679">0094-7679</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150008826">150008826</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journalism+History&rft.atitle=Young+Man+and+War%3A+David+Halberstam%27s+Empathetic+Reporting+during+the+Congo+Crisis&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=75-85&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150008826%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0094-7679&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00947679.2017.12059168&rft.aulast=Seyb&rft.aufirst=Ronald+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangguth2000" class="citation book cs1">Langguth, A.J. (2000). <i>Our Vietnam: The War 1954-1975</i>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-1231-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-1231-2"><bdi>0-7432-1231-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Vietnam%3A+The+War+1954-1975&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7432-1231-2&rft.aulast=Langguth&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080919045657/http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2007/08/halberstam200708"><i>The History Boys</i>, Halberstam's final essay, "debunks the Bush administration's wild distortion of history"</a>, vanityfair.com, August 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umich.edu/~newsinfo/Releases/2000/Apr00/halberst.html">Spring 2000 Commencement Address</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907172217/http://www.umich.edu/~newsinfo/Releases/2000/Apr00/halberst.html">Archived</a> September 7, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, University of Michigan], April 2000 @umich.edu; accessed November 4, 2016</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grads.tulane.edu/speaker_halberstam.html">Spring 2003 Commencement Address at Tulane University</a>, tulane.edu; accessed November 4, 2016.</li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep624">"Power In America (1986)"</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nashvillepost.com/news/2007/4/24/nashville_was_my_graduate_school">"Nashville Was My Graduate School" — a 2001 reminiscence by Halberstam of his early career at <i>The Tennessean</i></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShafer2007" class="citation news cs1">Shafer, Jack (April 24, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/id/2164960">"David Halberstam (1934–2007)"</a>. <i>Slate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=David+Halberstam+%281934%E2%80%932007%29&rft.date=2007-04-24&rft.aulast=Shafer&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fid%2F2164960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPacker,_George2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Packer, George (May 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/talk/2007/05/07/070507ta_talk_packer">"Postscript: David Halberstam"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Postscript%3A+David+Halberstam&rft.date=2007-05-07&rft.au=Packer%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Ftalk%2F2007%2F05%2F07%2F070507ta_talk_packer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Halberstam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/25/opinion/25weds4.html">Appreciations: Halberstam on Journalism</a>, nytimes.com; accessed November 4, 2016</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Halberstam&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/David_Halberstam" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/David Halberstam">David Halberstam</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:David_Halberstam" class="extiw" title="s:Author:David Halberstam">David Halberstam</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?183">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?167067-1/depth-david-halberstam"><i>In Depth</i> interview with Halberstam, November 4, 2001</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?170973-1/writings-halberstam-sheehan">"Writings of Halberstam and Sheehan"</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/American_Writers:_A_Journey_Through_History" title="American Writers: A Journey Through History">American Writers: A Journey Through History</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0354727/">David Halberstam</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n79021654">David Halberstam</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/obituary/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9111494">Obituary</a>, economist.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blastmagazine.com/blog/2007/05/david-halberstam-1934-2007">Obituary</a>, blastmagazine.com, May 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/arts/24halberstam.html">Obituary</a>, nytimes.com, April 24, 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/19064897">David Halberstam</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="David_Halberstam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:David_Halberstam" title="Template:David Halberstam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:David_Halberstam" title="Template talk:David Halberstam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:David_Halberstam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:David Halberstam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="David_Halberstam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Halberstam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_and_the_Brightest" title="The Best and the Brightest">The Best and the Brightest</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Powers_That_Be_(book)" title="The Powers That Be (book)">The Powers That Be</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Breaks_of_the_Game" title="The Breaks of the Game">The Breaks of the Game</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reckoning_(1986_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Reckoning (1986 book)"><i>The Reckoning</i></a> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fifties_(book)" title="The Fifties (book)">The Fifties</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Children_(book)" title="The Children (book)">The Children</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coldest_Winter:_America_and_the_Korean_War" title="The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War">The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Czy%C5%BCewska" title="Elżbieta Czyżewska">Elżbieta Czyżewska</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Halberstam" title="Michael J. Halberstam">Michael J. Halberstam</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Civil_rights_movement_(1954–1968)" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Civil_rights_movement" title="Template:Civil rights movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Civil_rights_movement" title="Template talk:Civil rights movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Civil_rights_movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Civil rights movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Civil_rights_movement_(1954–1968)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement</a> (1954–1968)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Events<br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_civil_rights_movement" title="Timeline of the civil rights movement">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Prior to 1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journey_of_Reconciliation" title="Journey of Reconciliation">Journey of Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9981" title="Executive Order 9981">Executive Order 9981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Harry_and_Harriette_Moore" title="Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore">Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweatt_v._Painter" title="Sweatt v. Painter">Sweatt v. Painter</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McLaurin_v._Oklahoma_State_Regents" title="McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents">McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge_bus_boycott" title="Baton Rouge bus boycott">Baton Rouge bus boycott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">1954–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bolling_v._Sharpe" title="Bolling v. Sharpe">Bolling v. Sharpe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Briggs_v._Elliott" title="Briggs v. Elliott">Briggs v. Elliott</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Davis_v._County_School_Board_of_Prince_Edward_County" title="Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County">Davis v. Prince Edward County</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gebhart_v._Belton" title="Gebhart v. Belton">Gebhart v. Belton</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keys_v._Carolina_Coach_Co." title="Keys v. Carolina Coach Co.">Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Browder_v._Gayle" title="Browder v. Gayle">Browder v. Gayle</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallahassee_bus_boycott" title="Tallahassee bus boycott">Tallahassee bus boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_school_desegregation_incident" title="Mansfield school desegregation incident">Mansfield school desegregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_Pilgrimage_for_Freedom" title="Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom">1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Give_Us_the_Ballot" title="Give Us the Ballot">Give Us the Ballot</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Ice_Cream_sit-in" title="Royal Ice Cream sit-in">Royal Ice Cream sit-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine" title="Little Rock Nine">Little Rock Nine</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooper_v._Aaron" title="Cooper v. Aaron">Cooper v. Aaron</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Act of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers%27_Manifesto" title="Ministers' Manifesto">Ministers' Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katz_Drug_Store_sit-in" title="Katz Drug Store sit-in">Katz Drug Store sit-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissing_Case" title="Kissing Case">Kissing Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi_wade-ins" title="Biloxi wade-ins">Biloxi wade-ins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">1960–1963</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day_March" title="New Year's Day March">New Year's Day March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit-in_movement" title="Sit-in movement">Sit-in movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro_sit-ins" title="Greensboro sit-ins">Greensboro sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_sit-ins" title="Nashville sit-ins">Nashville sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibley_Commission" title="Sibley Commission">Sibley Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_sit-ins" title="Atlanta sit-ins">Atlanta sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_Protest_Movement" title="Savannah Protest Movement">Savannah Protest Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville_Eight" title="Greenville Eight">Greenville Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">Civil Rights Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ax_Handle_Saturday" title="Ax Handle Saturday">Ax Handle Saturday</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gomillion_v._Lightfoot" title="Gomillion v. Lightfoot">Gomillion v. Lightfoot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boynton_v._Virginia" title="Boynton v. Virginia">Boynton v. Virginia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_desegregation_riot" title="University of Georgia desegregation riot">University of Georgia desegregation riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship_Nine" title="Friendship Nine">Rock Hill sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Day_Address" title="Law Day Address">Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Rides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anniston_bus_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Anniston bus bombing">Anniston bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_bus_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham bus attack">Birmingham attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garner_v._Louisiana" title="Garner v. Louisiana">Garner v. Louisiana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Movement" title="Albany Movement">Albany Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_movement_(civil_rights)" title="Cambridge movement (civil rights)">Cambridge movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_sit-ins" title="University of Chicago sit-ins">University of Chicago sit-ins</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Second_Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Second Emancipation Proclamation">Second Emancipation Proclamation</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Miss_riot_of_1962" title="Ole Miss riot of 1962">Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta%27s_Berlin_Wall" title="Atlanta's Berlin Wall">Atlanta's Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace%27s_1963_Inaugural_Address" title="George Wallace's 1963 Inaugural Address">"Segregation now, segregation forever"</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stand_in_the_Schoolhouse_Door" title="Stand in the Schoolhouse Door">Stand in the Schoolhouse Door</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">1963 Birmingham campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letter_from_Birmingham_Jail" title="Letter from Birmingham Jail">Letter from Birmingham Jail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Crusade_(1963)" title="Children's Crusade (1963)">Children's Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_riot_of_1963" title="Birmingham riot of 1963">Birmingham riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing" title="16th Street Baptist Church bombing">16th Street Baptist Church bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Report_to_the_American_People_on_Civil_Rights" title="Report to the American People on Civil Rights">John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Walk_to_Freedom" title="Detroit Walk to Freedom">Detroit Walk to Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">"I Have a Dream"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Six_(activists)" title="Big Six (activists)">Big Six</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_movement" title="St. Augustine movement">St. Augustine movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">1964–1968</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fourth Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_school_protests" title="Chester school protests">Chester school protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Tuesday_(1964)" title="Bloody Tuesday (1964)">Bloody Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Monson_Motor_Lodge_protests" title="1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests">1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Chaney,_Goodman,_and_Schwerner" title="Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner">workers' murders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Atlanta_Motel,_Inc._v._United_States" title="Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States">Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katzenbach_v._McClung" title="Katzenbach v. McClung">Katzenbach v. McClung</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964%E2%80%931965_Scripto_strike" title="1964–1965 Scripto strike">1964–1965 Scripto strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">1965 Selma to Montgomery marches</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Long,_Not_Long" title="How Long, Not Long">How Long, Not Long</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harper_v._Virginia_State_Board_of_Elections" title="Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections">Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Against_Fear" title="March Against Fear">March Against Fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Conference_on_Civil_Rights" title="White House Conference on Civil Rights">White House Conference on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loving_v._Virginia" title="Loving v. Virginia">Loving v. Virginia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">Memphis sanitation strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">King assassination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr.">funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_assassination_riots" title="King assassination riots">riots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Civil Rights Act of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign" title="Poor People's Campaign">Poor People's Campaign</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_v._County_School_Board_of_New_Kent_County" title="Green v. County School Board of New Kent County">Green v. County School Board of New Kent County</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jones_v._Alfred_H._Mayer_Co." title="Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.">Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Olympics_Black_Power_salute" title="1968 Olympics Black Power salute">1968 Olympics Black Power salute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Activist<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Christian_Movement_for_Human_Rights" title="Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights">Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Negro_Voters_League" title="Atlanta Negro Voters League">Atlanta Negro Voters League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Student_Movement" title="Atlanta Student Movement">Atlanta Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Sleeping_Car_Porters" title="Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters">Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality" title="Congress of Racial Equality">Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Freedom_Now" title="Committee for Freedom Now">Committee for Freedom Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Appeal_for_Human_Rights" title="Committee on Appeal for Human Rights">Committee on Appeal for Human Rights</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Appeal_for_Human_Rights" title="An Appeal for Human Rights">An Appeal for Human Rights</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_United_Civil_Rights_Leadership" title="Council for United Civil Rights Leadership">Council for United Civil Rights Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Federated_Organizations" title="Council of Federated Organizations">Council of Federated Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_County_Voters_League" title="Dallas County Voters League">Dallas County Voters League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacons_for_Defense_and_Justice" title="Deacons for Defense and Justice">Deacons for Defense and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Council_on_Human_Relations" title="Georgia Council on Human Relations">Georgia Council on Human Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlander_Research_and_Education_Center" title="Highlander Research and Education Center">Highlander Folk School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Conference_on_Civil_and_Human_Rights" title="Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights">Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowndes_County_Freedom_Organization" title="Lowndes County Freedom Organization">Lowndes County Freedom Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Freedom_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party">Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Improvement_Association" title="Montgomery Improvement Association">Montgomery Improvement Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Youth_Council" title="NAACP Youth Council">Youth Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Student_Movement" title="Nashville Student Movement">Nashville Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Student_Movement" title="Northern Student Movement">Northern Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Breadbasket" title="Operation Breadbasket">Operation Breadbasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Negro_Leadership" title="Regional Council of Negro Leadership">Regional Council of Negro Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Regional_Council" title="Southern Regional Council">Southern Regional Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Freedom_Singers" title="The Freedom Singers">The Freedom Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers (UAW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wednesdays_in_Mississippi" title="Wednesdays in Mississippi">Wednesdays in Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Political_Council" title="Women's Political Council">Women's Political Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Gray_Adams" title="Victoria Gray Adams">Victoria Gray Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zev_Aelony" title="Zev Aelony">Zev Aelony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathew_Ahmann" title="Mathew Ahmann">Mathew Ahmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Anderson" title="William G. Anderson">William G. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Elaine_Armstrong" title="Gwendolyn Elaine Armstrong">Gwendolyn Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Aronson" title="Arnold Aronson">Arnold Aronson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Barry" title="Marion Barry">Marion Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(activist)" title="Daisy Bates (activist)">Daisy Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Black_(minister)" title="Claude Black (minister)">Claude Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Blackwell" title="Gloria Blackwell">Gloria Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Blackwell" title="Randolph Blackwell">Randolph Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unita_Blackwell" title="Unita Blackwell">Unita Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezell_Blair_Jr." title="Ezell Blair Jr.">Ezell Blair Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Bland" title="Joanne Bland">Joanne Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Boone" title="Joseph E. Boone">Joseph E. Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holmes_Borders" title="William Holmes Borders">William Holmes Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Boynton_Robinson" title="Amelia Boynton Robinson">Amelia Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Boynton" title="Bruce Boynton">Bruce Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raylawni_Branch" title="Raylawni Branch">Raylawni Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Branche" title="Stanley Branche">Stanley Branche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelia_Browder" title="Aurelia Browder">Aurelia Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Rap_Brown" title="H. Rap Brown">H. Rap Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Calhoun" title="John H. Calhoun">John H. Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Carawan" title="Guy Carawan">Guy Carawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael" title="Stokely Carmichael">Stokely Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Carr" title="Johnnie Carr">Johnnie Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chaney" title="James Chaney">James Chaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._L._Chestnut,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="J. L. Chestnut, Jr.">J. L. Chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colia_Clark" title="Colia Clark">Colia Lafayette Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Clark" title="Ramsey Clark">Ramsey Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septima_Poinsette_Clark" title="Septima Poinsette Clark">Septima Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xernona_Clayton" title="Xernona Clayton">Xernona Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Cleaver" title="Eldridge Cleaver">Eldridge Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Cleaver" title="Kathleen Cleaver">Kathleen Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Dobbs_Clement" title="Josephine Dobbs Clement">Josephine Dobbs Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Cobb_Jr." title="Charles E. Cobb Jr.">Charles E. Cobb Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Lee_Cooper" title="Annie Lee Cooper">Annie Lee Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Cotton" title="Dorothy Cotton">Dorothy Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colvin" title="Claudette Colvin">Claudette Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Dahmer" title="Vernon Dahmer">Vernon Dahmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Daniels" title="Jonathan Daniels">Jonathan Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Davis" title="Abraham Lincoln Davis">Abraham Lincoln Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_DeLaine" title="Joseph DeLaine">Joseph DeLaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Dennis_(activist)" title="Dave Dennis (activist)">Dave Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Bell_Robinson_Devine" title="Annie Bell Robinson Devine">Annie Bell Robinson Devine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Dobbs" title="John Wesley Dobbs">John Wesley Dobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Stephens_Due" title="Patricia Stephens Due">Patricia Stephens Due</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ellwanger" title="Joseph Ellwanger">Joseph Ellwanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evers" title="Charles Evers">Charles Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrlie_Evers-Williams" title="Myrlie Evers-Williams">Myrlie Evers-Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Fager" title="Chuck Fager">Chuck Fager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">James Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Fauntroy" title="Walter Fauntroy">Walter Fauntroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Forman" title="James Forman">James Forman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Foster" title="Marie Foster">Marie Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Frinks" title="Golden Frinks">Golden Frinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Goodman_(activist)" title="Andrew Goodman (activist)">Andrew Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graetz" title="Robert Graetz">Robert Graetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Gray_(attorney)" title="Fred Gray (attorney)">Fred Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Greenberg" title="Jack Greenberg">Jack Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gregory" title="Dick Gregory">Dick Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Guyot" title="Lawrence Guyot">Lawrence Guyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prathia_Hall" title="Prathia Hall">Prathia Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Fred Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Harbour" title="William E. Harbour">William E. Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Harding" title="Vincent Harding">Vincent Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Faye_Hendricks" title="Audrey Faye Hendricks">Audrey Faye Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_Hendricks" title="Lola Hendricks">Lola Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Henry_(politician)" title="Aaron Henry (politician)">Aaron Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hill_(attorney)" title="Oliver Hill (attorney)">Oliver Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Hollowell" title="Donald L. Hollowell">Donald L. Hollowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hood" title="James Hood">James Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myles_Horton" title="Myles Horton">Myles Horton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilphia_Horton" title="Zilphia Horton">Zilphia Horton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._R._M._Howard" title="T. R. M. Howard">T. R. M. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Hurley" title="Ruby Hurley">Ruby Hurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Ivory" title="Cecil Ivory">Cecil Ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jimmie_Lee_Jackson" title="Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson">Jimmie Lee Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richie_Jean_Jackson" title="Richie Jean Jackson">Richie Jean Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._J._Jemison" title="T. J. Jemison">T. J. Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esau_Jenkins" title="Esau Jenkins">Esau Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Johns" title="Vernon Johns">Vernon Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Minis_Johnson" title="Frank Minis Johnson">Frank Minis Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_B._Jones" title="Clarence B. Jones">Clarence Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Charles_Jones" title="J. Charles Jones">J. Charles Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Jones_(activist)" title="Matthew Jones (activist)">Matthew Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Jordan" title="Vernon Jordan">Vernon Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kahn" title="Tom Kahn">Tom Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Kennard" title="Clyde Kennard">Clyde Kennard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._D._King" title="A. D. King">A. D. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevene_Bowers_King" title="Chevene Bowers King">C.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Sr." title="Martin Luther King Sr.">Martin Luther King Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafayette" title="Bernard Lafayette">Bernard Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lee_(activist)" title="Bernard Lee (activist)">Bernard Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_R._Leigh" title="Sanford R. Leigh">Sanford R. Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Letherer" title="Jim Letherer">Jim Letherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Levison" title="Stanley Levison">Stanley Levison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Liuzzo" title="Viola Liuzzo">Viola Liuzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z._Alexander_Looby" title="Z. Alexander Looby">Z. Alexander Looby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lowery" title="Joseph Lowery">Joseph Lowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Luper" title="Clara Luper">Clara Luper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Lyon" title="Danny Lyon">Danny Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Mallory" title="Mae Mallory">Mae Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Malone_Jones" title="Vivian Malone Jones">Vivian Malone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Mants" title="Bob Mants">Bob Mants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mays" title="Benjamin Mays">Benjamin Mays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_McCain" title="Franklin McCain">Franklin McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_McDew" title="Charles McDew">Charles McDew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_McGill" title="Ralph McGill">Ralph McGill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_McKissick" title="Floyd McKissick">Floyd McKissick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McNeil" title="Joseph McNeil">Joseph McNeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Meredith" title="James Meredith">James Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Robert_Ming" title="William Robert Ming">William Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Minnis" title="Jack Minnis">Jack Minnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amzie_Moore" title="Amzie Moore">Amzie Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._Moore" title="Cecil B. Moore">Cecil B. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_E._Moore" title="Douglas E. Moore">Douglas E. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriette_Moore" title="Harriette Moore">Harriette Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Moore" title="Harry T. Moore">Harry T. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mother_Moore" title="Queen Mother Moore">Queen Mother Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_Moore" title="William Lewis Moore">William Lewis Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Morgan" title="Irene Morgan">Irene Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Moses_(activist)" title="Bob Moses (activist)">Bob Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Moyer" title="William Moyer">William Moyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Muhammad" title="Elijah Muhammad">Elijah Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Nash" title="Diane Nash">Diane Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Neblett" title="Charles Neblett">Charles Neblett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Huey P. Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._D._Nixon" title="E. D. Nixon">Edgar Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Dell" title="Jack O'Dell">Jack O'Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Orange" title="James Orange">James Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Peck_(pacifist)" title="James Peck (pacifist)">James Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Person" title="Charles Person">Charles Person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Plessy" title="Homer Plessy">Homer Plessy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Adam Clayton Powell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay_Bellamy_Powell" title="Fay Bellamy Powell">Fay Bellamy Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_N._Powell" title="Rodney N. Powell">Rodney N. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Raby" title="Albert Raby">Al Raby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Ragsdale" title="Lincoln Ragsdale">Lincoln Ragsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Raymond" title="George Raymond">George Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Raymond_Jr." title="George Raymond Jr.">George Raymond Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Johnson_Reagon" title="Bernice Johnson Reagon">Bernice Johnson Reagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Reagon" title="Cordell Reagon">Cordell Reagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reeb" title="James Reeb">James Reeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Reese" title="Frederick D. Reese">Frederick D. Reese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Walter Reuther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Richardson" title="Gloria Richardson">Gloria Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Richmond_(activist)" title="David Richmond (activist)">David Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Robinson" title="Bernice Robinson">Bernice Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ann_Robinson" title="Jo Ann Robinson">Jo Ann Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Russell_(politician)" title="Angela Russell (politician)">Angela Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Bayard Rustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Schwerner" title="Michael Schwerner">Michael Schwerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Seale" title="Bobby Seale">Bobby Seale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Sellers" title="Cleveland Sellers">Cleveland Sellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrod" title="Charles Sherrod">Charles Sherrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_D._Shimkin" title="Alexander D. Shimkin">Alexander D. Shimkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth" title="Fred Shuttlesworth">Fred Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modjeska_Monteith_Simkins" title="Modjeska Monteith Simkins">Modjeska Monteith Simkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_E._Smiley" title="Glenn E. Smiley">Glenn E. Smiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Maceo_Smith" title="A. Maceo Smith">A. Maceo Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Miller_Smith" title="Kelly Miller Smith">Kelly Miller Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Louise_Smith_(activist)" title="Mary Louise Smith (activist)">Mary Louise Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Smith" title="Maxine Smith">Maxine Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Doris_Smith-Robinson" title="Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson">Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kenzie_Steele" title="Charles Kenzie Steele">Charles Kenzie Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Thomas" title="Hank Thomas">Hank Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Tillman" title="Dorothy Tillman">Dorothy Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Tureaud" title="A. P. Tureaud">A. P. Tureaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartman_Turnbow" title="Hartman Turnbow">Hartman Turnbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Turner_(activist)" title="Albert Turner (activist)">Albert Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._Vivian" title="C. T. Vivian">C. T. Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._T._Walden" title="A. T. Walden">A. T. Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Tee_Walker" title="Wyatt Tee Walker">Wyatt Tee Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollis_Watkins" title="Hollis Watkins">Hollis Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Francis White">Walter Francis White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea_Williams" title="Hosea Williams">Hosea Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Kale Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Williams" title="Robert F. Williams">Robert F. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q._V._Williamson" title="Q. V. Williamson">Q. V. Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Young" title="Whitney Young">Whitney Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Younge_Jr." title="Sammy Younge Jr.">Sammy Younge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Zellner" title="Bob Zellner">Bob Zellner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Zwerg" title="James Zwerg">James Zwerg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Civil rights movement in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_civil_rights_movement" title="South Carolina in the civil rights movement">South Carolina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Movement<br />songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_Gonna_Let_Nobody_Turn_Me_%27Round" title="Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round">"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/If_You_Miss_Me_at_the_Back_of_the_Bus" title="If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus">"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbaya" title="Kumbaya">"Kumbaya"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep_Your_Eyes_on_the_Prize" title="Keep Your Eyes on the Prize">"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh,_Freedom" title="Oh, Freedom">"Oh, Freedom"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Little_Light_of_Mine" title="This Little Light of Mine">"This Little Light of Mine"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Shall_Not_Be_Moved" title="I Shall Not Be Moved">"We Shall Not Be Moved"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome" title="We Shall Overcome">"We Shall Overcome"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke_Up_This_Morning_(With_My_Mind_Stayed_On_Freedom)" title="Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)">"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padayatra" title="Padayatra">Padayatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">Separate but equal</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buchanan_v._Warley" title="Buchanan v. Warley">Buchanan v. Warley</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hocutt_v._Wilson" title="Hocutt v. Wilson">Hocutt v. Wilson</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweatt_v._Painter" title="Sweatt v. Painter">Sweatt v. Painter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hernandez_v._Texas" title="Hernandez v. Texas">Hernandez v. Texas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loving_v._Virginia" title="Loving v. Virginia">Loving v. Virginia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women_in_the_civil_rights_movement" title="African-American women in the civil rights movement">African-American women in the movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_the_civil_rights_movement" title="Jews in the civil rights movement">Jews in the civil rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Circuit_Four" title="Fifth Circuit Four">Fifth Circuit Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church" title="16th Street Baptist Church">16th Street Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Ingram_Park" title="Kelly Ingram Park">Kelly Ingram Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.G._Gaston_Motel" title="A.G. Gaston Motel">A.G. Gaston Motel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel_Baptist_Church_(Birmingham,_Alabama)" title="Bethel Baptist Church (Birmingham, Alabama)">Bethel Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Chapel_A.M.E._Church_(Selma,_Alabama)" title="Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church (Selma, Alabama)">Brown Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_Avenue_Baptist_Church" title="Dexter Avenue Baptist Church">Dexter Avenue Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holt_Street_Baptist_Church" title="Holt Street Baptist Church">Holt Street Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pettus_Bridge" title="Edmund Pettus Bridge">Edmund Pettus Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_Movement" title="March on Washington Movement">March on Washington Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_against_African-American_churches#20th_Century" title="List of attacks against African-American churches">African-American churches attacked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" title="List of lynching victims in the United States">List of lynching victims in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Schools" title="Freedom Schools">Freedom Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom songs">Freedom songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mobilization_Committee_to_End_the_War_in_Vietnam" title="National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam">Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Beyond_Vietnam:_A_Time_to_Break_Silence" title="Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence">Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_Education_Project" title="Voter Education Project">Voter Education Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">1960s counterculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States" title="African American founding fathers of the United States">African American founding fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eyes_on_the_Prize" title="Eyes on the Prize">Eyes on the Prize</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Civil rights movement in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_Institute" title="Birmingham Civil Rights Institute">Birmingham Civil Rights Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_National_Monument" title="Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument">Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Memorial" title="Civil Rights Memorial">Civil Rights Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement_Archive" title="Civil Rights Movement Archive">Civil Rights Movement Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_and_Mamie_Till-Mobley_National_Monument" title="Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument">Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_and_Myrlie_Evers_Home_National_Monument" title="Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument">Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Rides_Museum" title="Freedom Rides Museum">Freedom Rides Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders_National_Monument" title="Freedom Riders National Monument">Freedom Riders National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Center_for_Nonviolent_Social_Change" title="King Center for Nonviolent Social Change">King Center for Nonviolent Social Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Martin Luther King Jr. Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial">Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.">other King memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="Mississippi Civil Rights Museum">Mississippi Civil Rights Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="National Civil Rights Museum">National Civil Rights Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Voting_Rights_Museum" title="National Voting Rights Museum">National Voting Rights Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_Foot_Soldiers_Monument" title="St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument">St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Salute_(statue)" title="Victory Salute (statue)">Olympic Black Power Statue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Noted<br />historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Branch" title="Taylor Branch">Taylor Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayborne_Carson" title="Clayborne Carson">Clayborne Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dittmer" title="John Dittmer">John Dittmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Michael Eric Dyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Fager" title="Chuck Fager">Chuck Fager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Fairclough" title="Adam Fairclough">Adam Fairclough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Garrow" title="David Garrow">David Garrow</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Halberstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Harding" title="Vincent Harding">Vincent Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Lawson" title="Steven F. Lawson">Steven F. Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_McAdam" title="Doug McAdam">Doug McAdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_McWhorter" title="Diane McWhorter">Diane McWhorter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Payne" title="Charles M. Payne">Charles M. Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Ricks_(journalist)" title="Thomas E. Ricks (journalist)">Thomas E. Ricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Tyson" title="Timothy Tyson">Timothy Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akinyele_Umoja" title="Akinyele Umoja">Akinyele Umoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers_of_the_civil_rights_movement" title="List of photographers of the civil rights movement">Movement photographers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ACRM" title="Wikipedia:ACRM"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Logo_SNCC.svg/28px-Logo_SNCC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Logo_SNCC.svg/42px-Logo_SNCC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Logo_SNCC.svg/56px-Logo_SNCC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Civil_rights_movement" title="Portal:Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Buddhist_crisis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buddhist_crisis" title="Template:Buddhist crisis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buddhist_crisis" title="Template talk:Buddhist crisis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buddhist_crisis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Buddhist crisis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Buddhist_crisis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_crisis" title="Buddhist crisis">Buddhist crisis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF_Ph%E1%BA%ADt_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3n_shootings" title="Huế Phật Đản shootings">Huế Phật Đản (Vesak) shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF_chemical_attacks" title="Huế chemical attacks">Hue chemical attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c#Self-immolation" title="Thích Quảng Đức">Self-immolation of Thích Quảng Đức</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Seven_Day_scuffle" title="Double Seven Day scuffle">Double Seven Day scuffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A1_L%E1%BB%A3i_Pagoda_raids" title="Xá Lợi Pagoda raids">Xá Lợi Pagoda raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_South_Vietnamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état">1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reaction_to_the_1963_South_Vietnamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Reaction to the 1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état">reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_and_assassination_of_Ngo_Dinh_Diem" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem">Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9_(Vietnam)" title="Joint Communiqué (Vietnam)">Joint Communiqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_243" title="Cable 243">Cable 243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krulak%E2%80%93Mendenhall_mission" title="Krulak–Mendenhall mission">Krulak–Mendenhall mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McNamara%E2%80%93Taylor_mission" title="McNamara–Taylor mission">McNamara–Taylor mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political or<br />religious<br />figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bui_Van_Luong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bui Van Luong (page does not exist)">Bui Van Luong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BB%ADu_H%E1%BB%99i" title="Bửu Hội">Bửu Hội</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thích Quảng Đức">Thích Quảng Đức</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Forrestal" title="Michael Forrestal">Michael Forrestal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman">W. Averell Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Hilsman" title="Roger Hilsman">Roger Hilsman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thich_Thien_Hoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thich Thien Hoa (page does not exist)">Thich Thien Hoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thich_Tinh_Khiet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thich Tinh Khiet (page does not exist)">Thich Tinh Khiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Krulak" title="Victor H. Krulak">Victor H. Krulak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mendenhall" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Mendenhall">Joseph Mendenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_C%E1%BA%A9n" title="Ngô Đình Cẩn">Ngô Đình Cẩn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem" title="Ngo Dinh Diem">Ngô Đình Diệm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Nhu" title="Ngô Đình Nhu">Ngô Đình Nhu </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Th%E1%BB%A5c" title="Ngô Đình Thục">Ngô Đình Thục</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Th%C6%A1" title="Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ">Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyễn Đình Thuận">Nguyễn Đình Thuận</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Nhu" title="Madame Nhu">Madame Nhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Nolting" title="Frederick Nolting">Frederick Nolting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Tr%C3%AD_Quang" title="Thích Trí Quang">Thích Trí Quang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_D._Taylor" title="Maxwell D. Taylor">Maxwell D. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_V%C4%83n_Ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Trần Văn Chương">Trần Văn Chương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Trueheart" class="mw-redirect" title="William Trueheart">William Trueheart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9_V%C4%83n_M%E1%BA%ABu" title="Vũ Văn Mẫu">Vũ Văn Mẫu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military<br />figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Conein" title="Lucien Conein">Lucien Conein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%97_Cao_Tr%C3%AD" title="Đỗ Cao Trí">Đỗ Cao Trí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%97_M%E1%BA%ADu" title="Đỗ Mậu">Đỗ Mậu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_V%C4%83n_Minh" title="Dương Văn Minh">Dương Văn Minh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_V%C4%83n_Cao" title="Huỳnh Văn Cao">Huỳnh Văn Cao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Quang_Tung" title="Lê Quang Tung">Lê Quang Tung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_V%C4%83n_Kim" title="Lê Văn Kim">Lê Văn Kim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_H%E1%BB%AFu_C%C3%B3" title="Nguyễn Hữu Có">Nguyễn Hữu Có</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Kh%C3%A1nh" title="Nguyễn Khánh">Nguyễn Khánh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Nhung" title="Nguyễn Văn Nhung">Nguyễn Văn Nhung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Thi%E1%BB%87u" title="Nguyễn Văn Thiệu">Nguyễn Văn Thiệu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Th%E1%BA%A3o" title="Phạm Ngọc Thảo">Phạm Ngọc Thảo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_Th%E1%BA%A5t_%C4%90%C3%ADnh" title="Tôn Thất Đính">Tôn Thất Đính</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Kim_Tuy%E1%BA%BFn" title="Trần Kim Tuyến">Trần Kim Tuyến</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Thi%E1%BB%87n_Khi%C3%AAm" title="Trần Thiện Khiêm">Trần Thiện Khiêm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_V%C4%83n_%C4%90%C3%B4n" title="Trần Văn Đôn">Trần Văn Đôn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Arnett" title="Peter Arnett">Peter Arnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Browne" title="Malcolm Browne">Malcolm Browne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Halberstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Higgins" title="Marguerite Higgins">Marguerite Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Sheehan" title="Neil Sheehan">Neil Sheehan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Persecution of Buddhists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_International_Reporting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_International_Reporting" title="Template:PulitzerPrize International Reporting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_International_Reporting" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize International Reporting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_International_Reporting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize International Reporting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_International_Reporting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_International_Reporting" title="Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting">Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Previously the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting – International from 1942–1947</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1942–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Edmund_Allen" title="Laurence Edmund Allen">Laurence Edmund Allen</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Wolfert" title="Ira Wolfert">Ira Wolfert</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_De_Luce" title="Daniel De Luce">Daniel De Luce</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_S._Watson" title="Mark S. Watson">Mark S. Watson</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Bigart" title="Homer Bigart">Homer Bigart</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Gilmore" title="Eddy Gilmore">Eddy Gilmore</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_W._Ward" title="Paul W. Ward">Paul W. Ward</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_Day" title="Price Day">Price Day</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Stevens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Stevens (page does not exist)">Edmund Stevens</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keyes_Beech" title="Keyes Beech">Keyes Beech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homer_Bigart" title="Homer Bigart">Homer Bigart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Higgins" title="Marguerite Higgins">Marguerite Higgins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Relman_Morin" title="Relman Morin">Relman Morin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Sparks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Sparks (page does not exist)">Fred Sparks</a> & <a href="/wiki/Don_Whitehead" title="Don Whitehead">Don Whitehead</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Hightower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John M. Hightower (page does not exist)">John M. Hightower</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin_Wehrwein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austin Wehrwein (page does not exist)">Austin Wehrwein</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_G._Lucas" title="Jim G. Lucas">Jim G. Lucas</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Salisbury" title="Harrison Salisbury">Harrison E. Salisbury</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst_Jr." title="William Randolph Hearst Jr.">William Randolph Hearst Jr.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Kingsbury-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Kingsbury-Smith (page does not exist)">J. Kingsbury-Smith</a> & <a href="/wiki/Frank_Conniff_(journalist)" title="Frank Conniff (journalist)">Frank Conniff</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Jones_(journalist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russell Jones (journalist) (page does not exist)">Russell Jones</a> (1957)</li> <li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Martin_(reporter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Martin (reporter) (page does not exist)">Joseph Martin</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Santora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Santora (page does not exist)">Philip Santora</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._M._Rosenthal" title="A. M. Rosenthal">A. M. Rosenthal</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Heinzerling" title="Lynn Heinzerling">Lynn Heinzerling</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lippmann" title="Walter Lippmann">Walter Lippmann</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Hendrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hal Hendrix (page does not exist)">Hal Hendrix</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Browne" title="Malcolm Browne">Malcolm W. Browne</a> & <a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Halberstam</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Livingston" title="Joseph Livingston">J. A. Livingston</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Arnett" title="Peter Arnett">Peter Arnett</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hughes_(editor)" title="John Hughes (editor)">R. John Hughes</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Friendly" title="Alfred Friendly">Alfred Friendly</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tuohy" title="William Tuohy">William Tuohy</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Hersh" title="Seymour Hersh">Seymour M. Hersh</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hoagland" title="Jim Hoagland">Jimmie Lee Hoagland</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_R._Kann" title="Peter R. Kann">Peter R. Kann</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Frankel" title="Max Frankel">Max Frankel</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedrick_Smith" title="Hedrick Smith">Hedrick Smith</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mullen_(journalist)" title="William Mullen (journalist)">William Mullen</a> (1975 shared)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovie_Carter" title="Ovie Carter">Ovie Carter</a> (1975 shared)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Schanberg" title="Sydney Schanberg">Sydney H. Schanberg</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kamm" title="Henry Kamm">Henry Kamm</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ben_Cramer" title="Richard Ben Cramer">Richard Ben Cramer</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Brinkley" title="Joel Brinkley">Joel Brinkley</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jay_Mather" title="Jay Mather">Jay Mather</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Christian" title="Shirley Christian">Shirley Christian</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Darnton" title="John Darnton">John Darnton</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friedman" title="Thomas Friedman">Thomas L. Friedman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Loren_Jenkins" title="Loren Jenkins">Loren Jenkins</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Elliott_House" title="Karen Elliott House">Karen Elliott House</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Friedman" title="Joshua Friedman">Joshua Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Bell_(journalist)" title="Dennis Bell (journalist)">Dennis Bell</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ozier_Muhammad" title="Ozier Muhammad">Ozier Muhammad</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_M._Simons" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis M. Simons">Lewis M. Simons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Carey" title="Pete Carey">Pete Carey</a> & <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Ellison" title="Katherine Ellison">Katherine Ellison</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Parks_(reporter)" title="Michael Parks (reporter)">Michael Parks</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friedman" title="Thomas Friedman">Thomas L. Friedman</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keller" title="Bill Keller">Bill Keller</a> & <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Frankel" title="Glenn Frankel">Glenn Frankel</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kristof" title="Nicholas Kristof">Nicholas D. Kristof</a> & <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_WuDunn" title="Sheryl WuDunn">Sheryl WuDunn</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryle_Murphy" title="Caryle Murphy">Caryle Murphy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Serge_Schmemann" title="Serge Schmemann">Serge Schmemann</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Sloyan" title="Patrick J. Sloyan">Patrick J. Sloyan</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher_Burns" title="John Fisher Burns">John F. Burns</a> & <a href="/wiki/Roy_Gutman" title="Roy Gutman">Roy Gutman</a> (1993)</li> <li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fritz" title="Mark Fritz">Mark Fritz</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Rohde" title="David S. Rohde">David Rohde</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher_Burns" title="John Fisher Burns">John F. Burns</a> (1997)</li> <li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (1998)</li> <li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Schoofs" title="Mark Schoofs">Mark Schoofs</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2025</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Denis_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Denis Johnson">Ian Denis Johnson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paul_Salopek" title="Paul Salopek">Paul Salopek</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Bearak" title="Barry Bearak">Barry Bearak</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sullivan_(journalist)" title="Kevin Sullivan (journalist)">Kevin Sullivan</a> & <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jordan_(journalist)" title="Mary Jordan (journalist)">Mary Jordan</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shadid" title="Anthony Shadid">Anthony Shadid</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Murphy_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Murphy (journalist)">Kim Murphy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Dele_Olojede" title="Dele Olojede">Dele Olojede</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kahn_(journalist)" title="Joseph Kahn (journalist)">Joseph Kahn</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jim_Yardley" title="Jim Yardley">Jim Yardley</a> (2006)</li> <li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Fainaru" title="Steve Fainaru">Steve Fainaru</a> (2008)</li> <li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shadid" title="Anthony Shadid">Anthony Shadid</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_J._Levy" title="Clifford J. Levy">Clifford J. Levy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Barry_(journalist)" title="Ellen Barry (journalist)">Ellen Barry</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Gettleman" title="Jeffrey Gettleman">Jeffrey Gettleman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Barboza" title="David Barboza">David Barboza</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Szep" title="Jason Szep">Jason Szep</a> & <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marshall_(Asia_journalist)" title="Andrew Marshall (Asia journalist)">Andrew R. C. Marshall</a> (2014)</li> <li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alissa_J._Rubin" title="Alissa J. Rubin">Alissa J. Rubin</a> (2016)</li> <li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Baldwin" title="Clare Baldwin">Clare Baldwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marshall_(Asia_journalist)" title="Andrew Marshall (Asia journalist)">Andrew R.C. Marshall</a> & <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Mogato" title="Manuel Mogato">Manuel Mogato</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Michael_(journalist)" title="Maggie Michael (journalist)">Maggie Michael</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maad_al-Zikry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maad al-Zikry (page does not exist)">Maad al-Zikry</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nariman_El-Mofty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nariman El-Mofty (page does not exist)">Nariman El-Mofty</a> (2019)</li> <li>Staff of <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> including <a href="/wiki/Wa_Lone" title="Wa Lone">Wa Lone</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kyaw_Soe_Oo" title="Kyaw Soe Oo">Kyaw Soe Oo</a> (2019)</li> <li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megha_Rajagopalan" title="Megha Rajagopalan">Megha Rajagopalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alison_Killing" title="Alison Killing">Alison Killing</a> & <a href="/wiki/Christo_Buschek" title="Christo Buschek">Christo Buschek</a> (2021)</li> <li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> including <a href="/wiki/Azmat_Khan" title="Azmat Khan">Azmat Khan</a> (2022)</li> <li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vietnam_War_correspondents" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vietnam_War_correspondents" title="Template:Vietnam War correspondents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vietnam_War_correspondents" title="Template talk:Vietnam War correspondents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vietnam_War_correspondents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vietnam War correspondents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vietnam_War_correspondents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <a href="/wiki/War_correspondent" title="War correspondent">correspondents</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">Print<br />journalists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._W._Apple_Jr." title="R. W. Apple Jr.">R. W. Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Arnett" title="Peter Arnett">Peter Arnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Becker_(journalist)" title="Elizabeth Becker (journalist)">Elizabeth Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Bigart" title="Homer Bigart">Homer Bigart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Birch_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Birch (journalist)">Michael Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Braestrup" title="Peter Braestrup">Peter Braestrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Browne" title="Malcolm Browne">Malcolm Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Warner" title="Denis Warner">Denis Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Burchett" title="Wilfred Burchett">Wilfred Burchett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickey_Chapelle" title="Dickey Chapelle">Dickey Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dudman" title="Richard Dudman">Richard Dudman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Elegant" title="Robert Elegant">Robert Elegant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Emerson" title="Gloria Emerson">Gloria Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Fall" title="Bernard B. Fall">Bernard Fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fenton" title="James Fenton">James Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_FitzGerald_(journalist)" title="Frances FitzGerald (journalist)">Frances FitzGerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvana_Foa" title="Sylvana Foa">Sylvana Foa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Galloway" title="Joseph L. Galloway">Joseph Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Gellhorn" title="Martha Gellhorn">Martha Gellhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.D.S._Greenway" class="mw-redirect" title="H.D.S. Greenway">H.D.S. Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Halberstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Herr" title="Michael Herr">Michael Herr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Higgins" title="Marguerite Higgins">Marguerite Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Just" title="Ward Just">Ward Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeshi_Kaik%C5%8D" title="Takeshi Kaikō">Takeshi Kaikō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_R._Kann" title="Peter R. Kann">Peter Kann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Karnow" title="Stanley Karnow">Stanley Karnow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Kirk" title="Donald Kirk">Donald Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Kroft" title="Steve Kroft">Steve Kroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pilger" title="John Pilger">John Pilger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Porter" title="Gareth Porter">Gareth Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reguly" title="Robert Reguly">Robert Reguly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sack" title="John Sack">John Sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Sayle" title="Murray Sayle">Murray Sayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Schell" title="Jonathan Schell">Jonathan Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Schanberg" title="Sydney Schanberg">Sydney Schanberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Sheehan" title="Neil Sheehan">Neil Sheehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_D._Shimkin" title="Alexander D. Shimkin">Alexander Shimkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck_IV" title="John Steinbeck IV">John Steinbeck IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_V._Storin" title="Matthew V. Storin">Matthew V. Storin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Swain" title="Jon Swain">Jon Swain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tregaskis" title="Richard Tregaskis">Richard Tregaskis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Webb" title="Kate Webb">Kate Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Deane_Young" title="Perry Deane Young">Perry Deane Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/War_photography" title="War photography">Photo-<br />journalists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Adams_(photographer)" title="Eddie Adams (photographer)">Eddie Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Burnett_(photojournalist)" title="David Burnett (photojournalist)">David Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Burrows" title="Larry Burrows">Larry Burrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Capa" title="Robert Capa">Robert Capa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Caron" title="Gilles Caron">Gilles Caron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickey_Chapelle" title="Dickey Chapelle">Dickey Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Chellapah" title="Charles Chellapah">Charles Chellapah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Davis_(cameraman)" title="Neil Davis (cameraman)">Neil Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Douglas_Duncan" title="David Douglas Duncan">David Douglas Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eggleston" title="Charles Eggleston">Charles Eggleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Faas" title="Horst Faas">Horst Faas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Flynn_(photojournalist)" title="Sean Flynn (photojournalist)">Sean Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chas_Gerretsen" title="Chas Gerretsen">Chas Gerretsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Gluck" title="Barbara Gluck">Barbara Gluck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Jones_Griffiths" title="Philip Jones Griffiths">Philip Jones Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirck_Halstead" title="Dirck Halstead">Dirck Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Huet" title="Henri Huet">Henri Huet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume_Kennerly" title="David Hume Kennerly">David Hume Kennerly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Leroy" title="Catherine Leroy">Catherine Leroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_McCullin" title="Don McCullin">Don McCullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co_Rentmeester" title="Co Rentmeester">Co Rentmeester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Page_(photographer)" title="Tim Page (photographer)">Tim Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Rockoff" title="Al Rockoff">Al Rockoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshio_Sakai" title="Toshio Sakai">Toshio Sakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dichi_Sawada" title="Kyōichi Sawada">Kyoichi Sawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Swanson" title="Dick Swanson">Dick Swanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Stone" title="Dana Stone">Dana Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francois_Sully" class="mw-redirect" title="Francois Sully">Francois Sully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Tamura_(photographer)" title="Shigeru Tamura (photographer)">Shigeru Tamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Ulevich" title="Neal Ulevich">Neal Ulevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Ut" title="Nick Ut">Nick Ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nik_Wheeler" title="Nik Wheeler">Nik Wheeler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_journalism" title="Broadcast journalism">Broadcast<br />journalists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bell" title="Martin Bell">Martin Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Bradley" title="Ed Bradley">Ed Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Collingwood_(journalist)" title="Charles Collingwood (journalist)">Charles Collingwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Cronkite" title="Walter Cronkite">Walter Cronkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Fromson" title="Murray Fromson">Murray Fromson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Gralnick" title="Jeff Gralnick">Jeff Gralnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Hastings" title="Max Hastings">Max Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Kalb" title="Bernard Kalb">Bernard Kalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kalischer" title="Peter Kalischer">Peter Kalischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Kiker" title="Douglas Kiker">Douglas Kiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Kincaid" title="Jim Kincaid">Jim Kincaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Kroft" title="Steve Kroft">Steve Kroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kuralt" title="Charles Kuralt">Charles Kuralt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Laurence" title="John Laurence">John Laurence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lewis_(journalist)" title="George Lewis (journalist)">George Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Pappas" title="Ike Pappas">Ike Pappas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Pettifer" title="Julian Pettifer">Julian Pettifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Plante" title="Bill Plante">Bill Plante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Dan Rather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reasoner" title="Harry Reasoner">Harry Reasoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clete_Roberts" title="Clete Roberts">Clete Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morley_Safer" title="Morley Safer">Morley Safer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schlesinger" title="Joe Schlesinger">Joe Schlesinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schoendoerffer" title="Pierre Schoendoerffer">Pierre Schoendoerffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Simon" title="Bob Simon">Bob Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Threlkeld" title="Richard Threlkeld">Richard Threlkeld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Book_Awards_winners_(1980–1999)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Book_Awards" title="Template:American Book Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Book_Awards" title="Template talk:American Book Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Book_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Book Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Book_Awards_winners_(1980–1999)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Book_Awards" title="American Book Awards">American Book Awards</a> winners (1980–1999)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Woolf" title="Douglas Woolf">Douglas Woolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Dorn" title="Ed Dorn">Edward Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayne_Cortez" title="Jayne Cortez">Jayne Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Marmon_Silko" title="Leslie Marmon Silko">Leslie Marmon Silko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei-mei_Berssenbrugge" title="Mei-mei Berssenbrugge">Mei-mei Berssenbrugge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Murayama" title="Milton Murayama">Milton Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Troupe" title="Quincy Troupe">Quincy Troupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolfo_Anaya" title="Rudolfo Anaya">Rudolfo Anaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_(poet)" title="Alta (poet)">Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Chong_Lau" title="Alan Chong Lau">Alan Chong Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_N._Santos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bienvenido N. Santos">Bienvenido N. Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Adam" title="Helen Adam">Helen Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Mitchell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lionel Mitchell (page does not exist)">Lionel Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Algar%C3%ADn" title="Miguel Algarín">Miguel Algarín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholasa_Mohr" title="Nicholasa Mohr">Nicholasa Mohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blue_Cloud" title="Peter Blue Cloud">Peter Blue Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kelly_(poet)" title="Robert Kelly (poet)">Robert Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_Drachler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose Drachler (page does not exist)">Rose Drachler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Howe" title="Susan Howe">Susan Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Cade_Bambara" title="Toni Cade Bambara">Toni Cade Bambara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Young" title="Al Young">Al Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Niatum" title="Duane Niatum">Duane Niatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._L._Mayo" title="E. L. Mayo">E. L. Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chin" title="Frank Chin">Frank Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Obenzinger" title="Hilton Obenzinger">Hilton Obenzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Him_Mark_Lai" title="Him Mark Lai">Him Mark Lai</a> / <a href="/wiki/Genny_Lim" title="Genny Lim">Genny Lim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Yung" title="Judy Yung">Judy Yung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Rothenberg" title="Jerome Rothenberg">Jerome Rothenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Thomas" title="Joyce Carol Thomas">Joyce Carol Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Quintana" title="Leroy Quintana">Leroy Quintana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorna_Dee_Cervantes" title="Lorna Dee Cervantes">Lorna Dee Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Phillip_Tanaka" title="Ronald Phillip Tanaka">Ronald Phillip Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Banks" title="Russell Banks">Russell Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tato_Laviera" title="Tato Laviera">Tato Laviera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Christian" title="Barbara Christian">Barbara Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecilia_Liang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecilia Liang (page does not exist)">Cecilia Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelina_Vigil-Pi%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Evangelina Vigil-Piñón">Evangelina Vigil-Piñón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Rohmer" title="Harriet Rohmer">Harriet Rohmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Houston" title="James D. Houston">James D. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tarahata_Hagedorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn">Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Williams" title="John A. Williams">John A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Kogawa" title="Joy Kogawa">Joy Kogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Grahn" title="Judy Grahn">Judy Grahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Candelaria" title="Nash Candelaria">Nash Candelaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Guralnick" title="Peter Guralnick">Peter Guralnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_%C3%93_Tuama" title="Seán Ó Tuama">Seán Ó Tuama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Brown_(writer)" title="Cecil Brown (writer)">Cecil Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Schwartz_(writer_and_editor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Schwartz (writer and editor)">Howard Schwartz</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Mark_Podwal" title="Mark Podwal">Mark Podwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamu_Amiri_Baraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamu Amiri Baraka">Imamu Amiri Baraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Col%C3%B3n" title="Jesús Colón">Jesús Colón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bruchac" title="Joseph Bruchac">Joseph Bruchac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kenny" title="Maurice Kenny">Maurice Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei-mei_Berssenbrugge" title="Mei-mei Berssenbrugge">Mei-mei Berssenbrugge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min%C3%A9_Okubo" title="Miné Okubo">Miné Okubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paule_Marshall" title="Paule Marshall">Paule Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthanne_Lum_McCunn" title="Ruthanne Lum McCunn">Ruthanne Lum McCunn</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=You-shan_Tang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="You-shan Tang (page does not exist)">You-shan Tang</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Lai-shan_Yeung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Lai-shan Yeung (page does not exist)">Ellen Lai-shan Yeung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McGrath_(poet)" title="Thomas McGrath (poet)">Thomas McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatesh_Kulkarni" title="Venkatesh Kulkarni">Venkatesh Kulkarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(author)" title="William Kennedy (author)">William J. Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Jackson" title="Angela Jackson">Angela Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Genthe" title="Arnold Genthe">Arnold Genthe</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kuo_Wei_Tchen" title="John Kuo Wei Tchen">John Kuo Wei Tchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_J._McElroy" title="Colleen J. McElroy">Colleen J. McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Soto" title="Gary Soto">Gary Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Irons" title="Peter Irons">Peter Irons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keiho_Soga" title="Keiho Soga">Keiho Soga</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taisanboku_Mori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taisanboku Mori (page does not exist)">Taisanboku Mori</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sojin_Takei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sojin Takei (page does not exist)">Sojin Takei</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muin_Ozaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muin Ozaki (page does not exist)">Muin Ozaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Owen" title="Maureen Owen">Maureen Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Sarton" title="May Sarton">May Sarton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duncan_(poet)" title="Robert Duncan (poet)">Robert Edward Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Jones_(teacher)" title="Ron Jones (teacher)">Ron Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Cisneros" title="Sandra Cisneros">Sandra Cisneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sanchez" title="Sonia Sanchez">Sonia Sanchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Vinograd" title="Julia Vinograd">Julia Vinograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Oandasan" title="William Oandasan">William Oandasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Lee_Walters" title="Anna Lee Walters">Anna Lee Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherr%C3%ADe_Moraga" title="Cherríe Moraga">Cherríe Moraga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gloria_E._Anzald%C3%BAa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria E. Anzaldúa">Gloria E. Anzaldúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Barolini" title="Helen Barolini">Helen Barolini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Hannusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeff Hannusch (page does not exist)">Jeff Hannusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Hogan_(writer)" title="Linda Hogan (writer)">Linda Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Algar%C3%ADn" title="Miguel Algarín">Miguel Algarín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natasha_Borovsky" title="Natasha Borovsky">Natasha Borovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Federman" title="Raymond Federman">Raymond Federman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Howe" title="Susan Howe">Susan Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Winch" title="Terence Winch">Terence Winch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshio_Mori" title="Toshio Mori">Toshio Mori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_(poet)" title="Ai (poet)">Ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Castillo" title="Ana Castillo">Ana Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyn_Zarco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyn Zarco (page does not exist)">Cyn Zarco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_McGuire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel McGuire (page does not exist)">Daniel McGuire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bryant" title="Dorothy Bryant">Dorothy Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etheridge_Knight" title="Etheridge Knight">Etheridge Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Giddins" title="Gary Giddins">Gary Giddins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pekar" title="Harvey Pekar">Harvey Pekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Welch_(writer)" title="James Welch (writer)">James Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wieners" title="John Wieners">John Wieners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Felipe_Herrera" title="Juan Felipe Herrera">Juan Felipe Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Chiavola_Birnbaum" title="Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum">Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mayo_(poet)" title="Michael Mayo (poet)">Michael Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septima_Poinsette_Clark" title="Septima Poinsette Clark">Septima Poinsette Clark</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Stokes_Brown" title="Cynthia Stokes Brown">Cynthia Stokes Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McMillan" title="Terry McMillan">Terry McMillan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Blakely" title="Allison Blakely">Allison Blakely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Olson" title="Charles Olson">Charles Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(civil_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy Bates (civil rights activist)">Daisy Bates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Halberstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Sanders" title="Ed Sanders">Edward Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Vizenor" title="Gerald Vizenor">Gerald Vizenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Santiago_Baca" title="Jimmy Santiago Baca">Jimmy Santiago Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesho_Y._Scott" title="Kesho Y. Scott">Kesho Y. Scott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Muhanji" title="Cherry Muhanji">Cherry Muhanji</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyirba_High&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyirba High (page does not exist)">Egyirba High</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marlon_K._Hom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marlon K. Hom (page does not exist)">Marlon K. Hom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hoff" title="Benjamin Hoff">Benjamin Hoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Sukenick" title="Ronald Sukenick">Ronald Sukenick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_La_Puma" title="Salvatore La Puma">Salvatore La Puma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_Tek_Lum" title="Wing Tek Lum">Wing Tek Lum</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek_Lum_Lum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tek Lum Lum (page does not exist)">Tek Lum Lum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Luz_Villanueva" title="Alma Luz Villanueva">Alma Luz Villanueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askia_M._Tour%C3%A9" title="Askia M. Touré">Askia M. Touré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Lau" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolyn Lau">Carolyn Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Elliott" title="Emory Elliott">Emory Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Galeano" title="Eduardo Galeano">Eduardo Galeano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chin" title="Frank Chin">Frank Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Louis Gates">Henry Louis Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Allende" title="Isabel Allende">Isabel Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._California_Cooper" title="J. California Cooper">J. California Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Stone_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer Stone (writer) (page does not exist)">Jennifer Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Gattuso_Hendin" title="Josephine Gattuso Hendin">Josephine Gattuso Hendin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Scalapino" title="Leslie Scalapino">Leslie Scalapino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuntaro_Tanikawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuntaro Tanikawa">Shuntaro Tanikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fanning" title="Charles Fanning">Charles Fanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Minoru_Hohri" class="mw-redirect" title="William Minoru Hohri">William Minoru Hohri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Kennedy" title="Adrienne Kennedy">Adrienne Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Grizzuti_Harrison" title="Barbara Grizzuti Harrison">Barbara Grizzuti Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniela_Gioseffi" title="Daniela Gioseffi">Daniela Gioseffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woody" title="Elizabeth Woody">Elizabeth Woody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualing_Nieh_Engle" title="Hualing Nieh Engle">Hualing Nieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itabari_Njeri" title="Itabari Njeri">Itabari Njeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Freeman" title="James M. Freeman">James M. Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Walter" title="John C. Walter">John C. Walter</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Raymond_Jones" title="J. Raymond Jones">J. Raymond Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Norton_(author)" title="John Norton (author)">John Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Emilio_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="José Emilio González">José Emilio González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Kan" title="Sergei Kan">Sergei Kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_A._Thompson" title="Lloyd A. Thompson">Lloyd A. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bernal" title="Martin Bernal">Martin Bernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_T._Clinton" title="Michelle T. Clinton">Michelle T. Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sesshu_Foster" title="Sesshu Foster">Sesshu Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Gunn_Allen" title="Paula Gunn Allen">Paula Gunn Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Geok-lin_Lim" title="Shirley Geok-lin Lim">Shirley Geok-lin Lim</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayumi_Tsutakawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayumi Tsutakawa (page does not exist)">Mayumi Tsutakawa</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margarita_Donnelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margarita Donnelly (page does not exist)">Margarita Donnelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Murgu%C3%ADa" title="Alejandro Murguía">Alejandro Murguía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">bell hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Wright" title="Bruce M. Wright">Bruce Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Trujillo" title="Charley Trujillo">Charley Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._H._Melhem" title="D. H. Melhem">D. H. Melhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Keenan" title="Deborah Keenan">Deborah Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Hagedorn" title="Jessica Hagedorn">Jessica Hagedorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edgar_Wideman" title="John Edgar Wideman">John Edgar Wideman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Tei_Yamashita" title="Karen Tei Yamashita">Karen Tei Yamashita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Berlin" title="Lucia Berlin">Lucia Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Crow_Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Crow Dog">Mary Crow Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridel_Le_Sueur" title="Meridel Le Sueur">Meridel Le Sueur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mill_Hunk_Herald_Collective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mill Hunk Herald Collective (page does not exist)">Mill Hunk Herald Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Marks_Dauenhauer" title="Nora Marks Dauenhauer">Nora Marks Dauenhauer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dauenhauer" title="Richard Dauenhauer">Richard Dauenhauer</a></li> <li>R. Baxter Miller</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Centolella" title="Thomas Centolella">Thomas Centolella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%27Lelia_Bundles" title="A'Lelia Bundles">A'Lelia Perry Bundles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Alire_S%C3%A1enz" title="Benjamin Alire Sáenz">Benjamin Alire Sáenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_J._Haraway" class="mw-redirect" title="Donna J. Haraway">Donna J. Haraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritjof_Capra" title="Fritjof Capra">Fritjof Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Burciaga" title="José Antonio Burciaga">José Antonio Burciaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Gilyard" title="Keith Gilyard">Keith Gilyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Thompson" title="Lucy Thompson">Lucy Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_Field" title="Norma Field">Norma Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bacho" title="Peter Bacho">Peter Bacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kalifornsky" title="Peter Kalifornsky">Peter Kalifornsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Andrews" title="Raymond Andrews">Raymond Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Scofield" title="Sandra Scofield">Sandra Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Hamanaka" title="Sheila Hamanaka">Sheila Hamanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Klinkenborg" title="Verlyn Klinkenborg">Verlyn Klinkenborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Branch" title="William B. Branch">William B. Branch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Amiri_Baraka" title="Amiri Baraka">Amiri Baraka</a> / <a href="/wiki/August_Wilson" title="August Wilson">August Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asake_Bomani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asake Bomani (page does not exist)">Asake Bomani</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belvie_Rooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belvie Rooks (page does not exist)">Belvie Rooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Mogil" title="Christopher Mogil">Christopher Mogil</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Woodrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Woodrow (page does not exist)">Peter Woodrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Giardina" title="Denise Giardina">Denise Giardina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Glancy" title="Diane Glancy">Diane Glancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_B._Redmond" title="Eugene B. Redmond">Eugene B. Redmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_X._Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Francisco X. Alarcón">Francisco X. Alarcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Graff" title="Gerald Graff">Gerald Graff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Beatty" title="Jack Beatty">Jack Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leroy_V._Quintana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leroy V. Quintana (page does not exist)">Leroy V. Quintana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Peter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Peter (page does not exist)">Katherine Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_George" title="Nelson George">Nelson George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninotchka_Rosca" title="Ninotchka Rosca">Ninotchka Rosca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giose_Rimanelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giose Rimanelli (page does not exist)">Giose Rimanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Drooker" title="Eric Drooker">Eric Drooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graciela_Lim%C3%B3n" title="Graciela Limón">Graciela Limón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_J._Reed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory J. Reed (page does not exist)">Gregory J. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Campbell_Hale" title="Janet Campbell Hale">Janet Campbell Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Nelson" title="Jill Nelson">Jill Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawson_Fusao_Inada" title="Lawson Fusao Inada">Lawson Fusao Inada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Blackman" title="Nicole Blackman">Nicole Blackman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gilroy" title="Paul Gilroy">Paul Gilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Takaki" title="Ronald Takaki">Ronald Takaki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_L._Glickman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose L. Glickman (page does not exist)">Rose L. Glickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tino_Villanueva" title="Tino Villanueva">Tino Villanueva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_L._Kroll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia L. Kroll (page does not exist)">Virginia L. Kroll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Rodriguez_(novelist)" title="Abraham Rodriguez (novelist)">Abraham Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Boyd" title="Herb Boyd">Herb Boyd</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Allen" title="Robert L. Allen">Robert L. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Chavez" class="mw-redirect" title="Denise Chavez">Denise Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Egerton_(journalist)" title="John Egerton (journalist)">John Egerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(activist)" title="John Ross (activist)">John Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Avena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Avena (page does not exist)">Thomas Avena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda Raymond (page does not exist)">Linda Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li-Young_Lee" title="Li-Young Lee">Li-Young Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marianna_De_Marco_Torgovnick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marianna De Marco Torgovnick (page does not exist)">Marianna De Marco Torgovnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marnie_Mueller" title="Marnie Mueller">Marnie Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Quinn_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Quinn (author) (page does not exist)">Peter Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandra_Martz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandra Martz (page does not exist)">Sandra Martz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Henry_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Henry Jr.">Gordon Henry Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricia_Rose" title="Tricia Rose">Tricia Rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate_Nesaule" title="Agate Nesaule">Agate Nesaule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sze" title="Arthur Sze">Arthur Sze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang-Rae_Lee" title="Chang-Rae Lee">Chang-Rae Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitra_Banerjee_Divakaruni" title="Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni">Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.J._Miller_Laino" class="mw-redirect" title="E.J. Miller Laino">E.J. Miller Laino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_C._Loury" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn C. Loury">Glenn C. Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Loewen" title="James W. Loewen">James W. Loewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco" title="Joe Sacco">Joe Sacco</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimiko_Hahn" title="Kimiko Hahn">Kimiko Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Espinosa" title="Maria Espinosa">Maria Espinosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Viscusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Viscusi (page does not exist)">Robert Viscusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Alexie" title="Sherman Alexie">Sherman Alexie</a></li> <li>Ron Sakolsky / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Weihan_Ho" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Weihan Ho">Fred Weihan Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanie_Cowell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephanie Cowell (page does not exist)">Stephanie Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gass" title="William H. Gass">William H. Gass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alurista" title="Alurista">Alurista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Bell" title="Derrick Bell">Derrick Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Barresi" title="Dorothy Barresi">Dorothy Barresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_G%C3%B3mez-Pe%C3%B1a" title="Guillermo Gómez-Peña">Guillermo Gómez-Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Owens" title="Louis Owens">Louis Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Espada" title="Martín Espada">Martín Espada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montserrat_Fontes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montserrat Fontes (page does not exist)">Montserrat Fontes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Ignatiev" title="Noel Ignatiev">Noel Ignatiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Geok-lin_Lim" title="Shirley Geok-lin Lim">Shirley Geok-lin Lim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunaina_Maira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunaina Maira (page does not exist)">Sunaina Maira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thulani_Davis" title="Thulani Davis">Thulani Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_De_Haven" title="Tom De Haven">Tom De Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._Banks_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Banks (author) (page does not exist)">William M. Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenda_Knight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenda Knight (page does not exist)">Brenda Knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Adelle_Hedge_Coke" class="mw-redirect" title="Allison Adelle Hedge Coke">Allison Adelle Hedge Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Y._Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Y. Davis">Angela Y. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Marie_Osbey" title="Brenda Marie Osbey">Brenda Marie Osbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Barnes_(writer)" title="Jim Barnes (writer)">Jim Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Williams" title="John A. Williams">John A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Rawles" title="Nancy Rawles">Nancy Rawles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Okja_Keller" title="Nora Okja Keller">Nora Okja Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Benitez" title="Sandra Benitez">Sandra Benitez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_DeVeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott DeVeaux (page does not exist)">Scott DeVeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_(poet)" title="Thomas Lynch (poet)">Thomas Lynch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_McDermott" title="Alice McDermott">Alice McDermott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Linzer" title="Anna Linzer">Anna Linzer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Ward_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Ward (author) (page does not exist)">Brian Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiori_Santiago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiori Santiago (page does not exist)">Chiori Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Donald_Two-Rivers" title="E. Donald Two-Rivers">E. Donald Two-Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwidge_Danticat" title="Edwidge Danticat">Edwidge Danticat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Roche" title="Judith Roche">Judith Roche</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meg_McHutchison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meg McHutchison (page does not exist)">Meg McHutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gioia_Timpanelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gioia Timpanelli (page does not exist)">Gioia Timpanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Naylor" title="Gloria Naylor">Gloria Naylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Houston" title="James D. Houston">James D. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Lipka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry Lipka (page does not exist)">Jerry Lipka</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_V._Mohatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald V. Mohatt (page does not exist)">Gerald V. Mohatt</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciulistet_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciulistet Group (page does not exist)">Ciulistet Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Ellis" title="Trey Ellis">Trey Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Novakovich" title="Josip Novakovich">Josip Novakovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauro_Flores" class="mw-redirect" title="Lauro Flores">Lauro Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Alberto_Urrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Luís Alberto Urrea">Luís Alberto Urrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_George" title="Nelson George">Nelson George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speer_Morgan" title="Speer Morgan">Speer Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Gach" title="Gary Gach">Gary Gach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiori_Santiago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiori Santiago (page does not exist)">Chiori Santiago</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judith_Lowry" title="Judith Lowry">Judith Lowry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467156#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467156#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467156#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108582840">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/68930206">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/31773/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhMmD4Ch9pVF48mhvfg8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/105767107">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79021654">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11906713k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11906713k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00442177">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35162291">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0004418&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1300134">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067595669">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Halberstam, David, 1934-2007"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000259382&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199611240">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/86lpvl7s4kp411z">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810638426505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262244505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14207913">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00594492?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/8caac3eb-537f-41f7-a7c2-e763201a2bb3">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/847388">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd105767107.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/105767107">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026912457">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582087">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65z297n">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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