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hentry category-uncategorized-en tag-en_gb" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header" aria-label="Content"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Origins and history</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2022-07-16T21:03:20+03:00" itemprop="dateModified">16.07.2022</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-07-13T21:12:28+03:00" itemprop="datePublished">13.07.2022</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://website-pace.net/author/admin/" title="View all posts by admin" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">admin</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <div id="maincontent" class="aui-wleft portlet-column portlet-column-first col-left"> <div id="layout-column_column-1" class="portlet-dropzone portlet-column-content portlet-column-content-first"> <div id="p_p_id_56_INSTANCE_9hHceczU6UMa_" class="portlet-boundary portlet-boundary_56_ portlet-static portlet-static-end portlet-borderless portlet-journal-content"><span id="p_56_INSTANCE_9hHceczU6UMa"></span></p> <div class="portlet-body"> <div class="portlet-borderless-container"> <div class="portlet-body"> <div id="article_10154_10643_62205_1.0" class="journal-content-article"> <div class="article"> <h2></h2> <div class="container"> <div id="cycler"><img decoding="async" class="active" src="/documents/10643/160669/History_1_EuropeanMovement_L.jpg/c3141f99-974d-42d6-8dbe-d616defb4cb7?t=1380649765630" alt="Origins and history" width="550" /> <img decoding="async" src="/documents/10643/160669/History_2_Assembly-1949-L.jpg/f31ad4dd-1b6c-4839-b315-f890bed5a8ef?t=1380649765782" alt="Origins and history" width="550" /> <img decoding="async" src="/documents/10643/160669/History_3_Churchill_L.jpg/c429673b-0710-458c-82f3-5e1495667e4f?t=1380649766015" alt="Origins and history" width="550" /> <img decoding="async" src="/documents/10643/160669/History_4_Ministers_L.jpg/e9b0bbab-1a12-43c4-a6e9-85cc7ce8c892?t=1380649766265" alt="Origins and history" width="550" /> <img decoding="async" src="/documents/10643/160669/History_5_Map_L.jpg/ddc02e4e-c632-4dd5-aafd-ed73cab9a585?t=1380649766390" alt="Origins and history" width="550" /></div> </div> <div> <p>The idea of a united Europe, and of the establishment of some body representatives of Europe as a whole and competent to speak, perhaps to act, on its behalf, was commonly advanced at least as early as the XIXth century. Only in the XXth century, however, has that idea taken concrete form – and then not until the First world War had demonstrated its necessity. In the main the proponents of what is now customarily called the “European idea” have fallen into two groups, the first advocating co-operation and co-ordination of policies between European States without demanding of the latter formal surrenders of sovereignty, the second urging a Federation of Europe.</p> <h4>1930</h4> <p>The so-called “Briand Plan” of 1930 is an example of the first approach: the proposals put forward in the name of the French Government, for all that they appeared in a Memorandum “on the organisation of a system of European Federal Union”, required no more in effect than the creation of a European section, rather more closely-knit, of the League of Nations. The efforts of Count Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi are a notable example of the second.</p> <h4>1946</h4> <p>During and after the Second World War the European idea gained greatly in force and in the number and, authority of its exponents. Twice during the War Winston Churchill publicly expressed his conviction that Europe, when hostilities had ceased, must join together; and on at least one occasion he wrote specifically of a “Council of Europe”‘. On 19th September, 1946, in a famous speech at Zürich, he called for the definitive ending of the feud between France and Germany and for these two States, in friendly alliance, to constitute the nucleus of “a kind of United States of Europe”. Later he was to write: “My counsel to Europe can be given in a single word: Unite!”</p> <h4>1947</h4> <p>His words met with widespread and enthusiastic response. No sooner had the War ended than a large number of private movements and organisations concerned to sponsor and foster the idea of a United Europe sprang up, arousing great interest among wide sections of the population. In 1947 these various groups decided to co-ordinate their activities and increase their effectiveness by jointly creating one central movement, to be known as the “European Movement”. The next important step was taken in 1948. In May of that year a Congress was convened at The Hague to discuss and make proposals for a body to represent democratic Europe. The Congress, in which some 800 Ministers, Members of Parliaments, trade unionists, artists, journalists, economists and members of the liberal professions took part, came out in favour of the creation of a European assembly and of various measures for bringing European policies into line economically, socially and politically, the whole resting on a common acceptance of human rights.</p> <h4>1948</h4> <p>At the same time the idea of an European body had been taken up by the five Brussels Treaty Powers, to which Mr.Paul-Henri Spaak, then Prime Minister of Belgium, undertook to convey the Resolutions adopted by the Hague Congress. After some months of negotiations between the Governments as to whether this body should be purely inter-governmental or should follow more closely the ideas sponsored by the European Movement, a Conference of Ambassadors produced a plan for a new kind of European Organization in which the conventional Ministerial organ should have as counterpart a Parliamentary Assembly.</p> <h4>1949</h4> <p>On 5th May, 1949 the five Governments Members of the Brussels Treaty (Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) and the Governments of Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Norway and Sweden signed in London the Statute of this new body, the Council of Europe. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), which held its first session on 10 August 1949, can be considered the oldest international parliamentary Assembly with a pluralistic composition of democratically elected members of parliament established on the basis of an intergovernmental treaty. The Assembly is one of the two statutory organs of the Council of Europe, which is composed of a Committee of Ministers (the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, meeting usually at the level of their deputies) and an Assembly representing the political forces in its member states.</p> <h4>1950-2013</h4> <p>The statutory aim of the Council of Europe, which started with ten member states and now has 47, is to achieve greater unity among its members through common action, agreements and debates. The conditions for membership are pluralistic democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights. Only those countries, which fulfill these criteria, can accede. Consequently some countries were only able to join the Organisation at a subsequent stage; i.e. Portugal in 1976, Spain in 1977. Greece was obliged to withdraw from the Council of Europe in 1970 for a period of four years.</p> <p>The Knesset of Israel participates in the work of the Parliamentary Assembly as an Observer since 1957, the Parliament of Canada since May 1997 and the Parliament of Mexico since November 1999.</p> <p>The United States of America were granted Observer status with the Council of Europe on 10 January, Canada on 29 May, Japan on 21 November 1996 and Mexico on 7 December 1999.</p> <p>The democratisation process in Central and Eastern Europe led to Hungary’s accession in 1990, Poland’s in 1991, Bulgaria’s in 1992 and Estonia, Lithuania, Slovenia and Romania in 1993. That of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic replaced Czechoslovakia’s accession from 1991 in 1993. Latvia joined the Council of Europe on 10 February, Moldova and Albania on 13 July and Ukraine and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 9 November 1995. The Russian Federation acceded on 28 February, Croatia on 6 November 1996, Georgia on 27 April 1999, Armenia and Azerbaijan on 25 January 2001, Bosnia and Herzegovina on 24 April 2002 and Serbia and Montenegro on 3 April 2003. Following the declaration of independence of the Republic of Montenegro on 3 June 2006, and in accordance with Article 60 of the Constitutional Charter of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, the Republic of Serbia continues membership of the State Union in the Council of Europe. On Friday 11 May, the Republic of Montenegro joined the Council of Europe as its 47th member.</p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="entry-links"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="aui-wright portlet-column portlet-column-last col-right"> <div id="layout-column_column-2" class="portlet-dropzone portlet-column-content portlet-column-content-last"> <div id="p_p_id_56_INSTANCE_ltYEu8DcZvQ3_" class="portlet-boundary portlet-boundary_56_ portlet-static portlet-static-end portlet-journal-content"><span id="p_56_INSTANCE_ltYEu8DcZvQ3"></span></p> <div class="portlet-body"> <section id="portlet_56_INSTANCE_ltYEu8DcZvQ3" class="portlet"> <menu id="portlet-topper-toolbar_56_INSTANCE_ltYEu8DcZvQ3" class="portlet-topper-toolbar" type="toolbar"></menu> <header class="portlet-topper"><span class="portlet-title">PACE: 1949-2009</span></header> <div class="portlet-content"> <div class="portlet-content-container"> <div class="portlet-body"> <div id="article_10154_10643_168719_1.0" class="journal-content-article"> <div id="web-video"><iframe id="ytplayer" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/57lm2SOrmUU?autoplay=0" name="ytplayer" width="450" height="300" frameborder="0"></iframe></div> </div> <div class="entry-links"></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div id="p_p_id_56_INSTANCE_FHNgUi0KT5za_" class="portlet-boundary portlet-boundary_56_ portlet-static portlet-static-end portlet-borderless portlet-journal-content"><span id="p_56_INSTANCE_FHNgUi0KT5za"></span></p> <div class="portlet-body"> <div class="portlet-borderless-container"> <div class="portlet-body"> <div id="article_10154_10643_53545_3.4" class="journal-content-article"><span class="portlet-title">In brief</span></p> <div class="article"> <ul> <li><a style="line-height: 1.4;" href="/en_GB/web/apce/achievements">Achievements</a></li> <li><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/powers">Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/history">History</a></li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Speeches by Europe’s founding fathers and all heads of state or government who have addressed the Parliamentary Assembly since 1949 (Voices of Europe: 1949-2018) <ul> <li>Show alphetical / chronological order</li> <li>Show by country</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="entry-links"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p_p_id_56_INSTANCE_Nw2vRa8ZpLgV_" class="portlet-boundary portlet-boundary_56_ portlet-static portlet-static-end portlet-borderless portlet-journal-content"><span id="p_56_INSTANCE_Nw2vRa8ZpLgV"></span></p> <div class="portlet-body"> <div class="portlet-borderless-container"> <div class="portlet-body"> <div id="article_10154_10643_53555_3.2" class="journal-content-article"><span class="portlet-title">Working structure</span></p> <div class="article"> <ul> <li><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/parliamentary-representation">Parliamentary representation</a></li> <li><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/special-guest-status">Special guest status</a></li> <li><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/observers">Observers</a></li> <li><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/partners">Partners for democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/political-groups1">Political groups</a></li> <li><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/bureau-and-committees">The Bureau and the committees</a></li> <li><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/working-methods">Composition and working methods of committees</a></li> <li><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/co-operation">Interparliamentary co-operation and external relations</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="entry-links"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="gp-icon icon-categories"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 112c0-26.51 21.49-48 48-48h110.014a48 48 0 0143.592 27.907l12.349 26.791A16 16 0 00228.486 128H464c26.51 0 48 21.49 48 48v224c0 26.51-21.49 48-48 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data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0aeeb05 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="0aeeb05" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e9f5723" data-id="e9f5723" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0bcf4d1 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="0bcf4d1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 16-06-2024 */ .elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading 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elementor-element elementor-element-ef22ff5" data-id="ef22ff5" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3276a91 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3276a91" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/president">President</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab6177f" data-id="ab6177f" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a1b41c7 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a1b41c7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/vice-presidents">Vice-President</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3cfebf0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="3cfebf0" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-69f3c79" data-id="69f3c79" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e307236 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e307236" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Work</h2> </div> </div> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0af1810 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="0af1810" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e6afd21" data-id="e6afd21" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-51cab97 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="51cab97" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="/web/apce/documents/">Documents</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-53794fc" data-id="53794fc" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7b9782f elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="7b9782f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/plenary-session">Sessions</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d287b7f" data-id="d287b7f" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9f93a26 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="9f93a26" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/committees/">Committees</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4cc910b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="4cc910b" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6103a6d" data-id="6103a6d" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-39dca3e elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="39dca3e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Functioning</h2> </div> </div> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c6995f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c6995f3" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f43cac1" data-id="f43cac1" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fa49379 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fa49379" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/in-brief/">In Brief</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a58e82" data-id="1a58e82" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fe9b363 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fe9b363" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/procedure/">Procedure</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5596756" data-id="5596756" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-40a16bd elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="40a16bd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="/en_GB/web/apce/political-groups/">Political Groups</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8841880 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="8841880" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-da0c717" data-id="da0c717" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-10be528 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="10be528" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Events</h2> </div> </div> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-444ad45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="444ad45" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b4d43d5" data-id="b4d43d5" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c141acd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="c141acd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 16-06-2024 */ .elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=".svg"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}</style> <img width="460" height="275" src="https://website-pace.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/90afabb4-5b1a-42ec-bf3a-d8aa9a5f8050.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-472" alt="" srcset="https://website-pace.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/90afabb4-5b1a-42ec-bf3a-d8aa9a5f8050.jpg 460w, https://website-pace.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/90afabb4-5b1a-42ec-bf3a-d8aa9a5f8050-300x179.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a6d70cd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="a6d70cd" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3d73e17 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="3d73e17" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-38f72b4 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="38f72b4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Diary</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b5700f6 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-html" data-id="b5700f6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="html.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul> <li> <span class="badge mr-3" style="background-color: #262f7d; color: white;">JUR</span> <small>07/11/2021</small> <h5 class="mt-3 mb-0">Parliamentary Meeting at the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26)</h5> <small>Glasgow (UK)</small> </li> <li> <span class="badge mr-3" style="background-color: #262f7d; color: white;">JUR</span> <small>05/11/2021</small> <small class="ml-auto"></small> <h5 class="mt-3 mb-0">Plenary Committee meeting</h5> <small>Paris (Council of Europe) - hybrid format</small> </li> <li> <span class="badge mr-3" style="background-color: #262f7d; color: white;">JUR</span> <small>10/11/2021 - 11/11/2021</small> <h5 class="mt-3 mb-0">Working visit to Albania</h5> <small>Tirana (Albania)</small> </li> <li> <span class="badge mr-3" style="background-color: #262f7d; color: white;">JUR</span> <small>14/11/2021</small> <h5 class="mt-3 mb-0">Presidential and early parliamentary elections</h5> <small>Bulgaria</small> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7a839de elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="7a839de" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="/web/apce/diary/"> <img width="460" height="275" 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