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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> Definición de Coñecemento Aberto 2.1 - Open Definition - Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge </title> <meta name="author" content="Open Knowledge Open Definition Group" /> <meta name="description" content="Definición de Coñecemento Aberto 2.1 - Open Definition - Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://opendefinition.org/od/2.1/gl/"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://a.okfn.org/html/oki/panel/assets/css/frontend.css"/> <link href="https://fonts.cdnfonts.com/css/hk-groteks" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets.okfn.org/mmenu-js/mmenu.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Open Definition" href="/feed/index.xml" /> <script 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class="container"> <h2>Definición de Coñecemento Aberto 2.1</h2> <p>Versión 2.1</p> <p>A <em>Definición Aberta</em> dálle ao coñecemento un significado preciso de «aberto», grazas a promover de que calquera poida participar nos bens comúns, e unha garantía de que a interoperabilidade se maximiza.</p> <p><strong>Resumo:</strong> <em>o coñecemento é aberto se calquera, quen quer que for, é quen de o usar, cambiar e compartir - estando suxeito só, e como moito, ás medidas que garantan o coñecemento da súa procedencia e a súa accesibilidade.</em></p> <p>Este esencial concepto concorda co de «aberto» no eido software <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Open_Source_Definition">definido como de código aberto</a> e é sinónimo de «libre» tal como establecen a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Free_Software_Definition">definición de Software libre</a> e a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works">definición de obras culturais libres</a>.</p> <p>O termo <strong>obra</strong> empregarase para marcar un traballo ou peza de coñecemento que se comparte.</p> <p>O termo <strong>licenza</strong> referirase ás condicións legais nas que se libera un traballo.</p> <p>O termo <strong>dominio público</strong> resaltará a ausencia de restricións coma o copyright e similares, sexa ora ben froito de non existiren como unha condición inicial ora ben froito da renuncia delas.</p> <p>A frases clave “ten que”, “non pode”, “debería” e “podería” deste documento hai que interpretalas como se describen en <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC2119</a>.</p> <h2 id="1-obras-abertas">1. Obras abertas</h2> <p>Unha <strong>obra</strong> <em>ten que</em> cumprir coas seguintes obrigas ao ser distribuída:</p> <h3 id="11-licenza-ou-estado-aberto">1.1 Licenza ou estado aberto</h3> <p>A <strong>obra</strong> <em>ten que</em> estar no <strong>dominio público</strong> ou dispoñible baixo unha <strong>licenza</strong> aberta (como se define na Sección 2). Calquera termo adicional que vaia a canda a <strong>licenza</strong> (como os termos de uso ou das patentes das que dispoña aquel que licenza) <strong>non poden</strong> contradicir o estado de dominio público do traballo ou calquera outro punto da licenza.</p> <h3 id="12-acceso">1.2 Acceso</h3> <p>A <strong>obra</strong> <em>ten que</em> se fornecer na súa totalidade e a prezos que non superen a cantidade lóxica dunha única reprodución da obra, e <em>deben</em> poderse descargar desde Internet sen custos. Calquera información que se precise para cumprir coa licenza (como poderían ser os nomes dos autores, que se precisasen para cumprir cos requisitos de méritos de autores) tamén <em>teñen</em> que ir acompañando o traballo.</p> <h3 id="13-lexible-por-máquina">1.3 Lexible por máquina</h3> <p>A <strong>obra</strong> <em>ten que</em> se dar nun formato que os dispositivos electrónicos poidan procesar dun xeito sinxelo e no que cada peza da obra estea accesible e modificable.</p> <h3 id="14-formato-aberto">1.4 Formato aberto</h3> <p>A <strong>obra</strong> <em>ten que</em> ser fornecida nun formato aberto. Un formato aberto é todo aquel que non pon trabas ao seu uso, monetarias ou de calquera outra forma, e que se pode editar ao completo con cando menos unha ferramenta de software de código aberto e libre.</p> <h2 id="2-licenzas-abertas">2. Licenzas abertas</h2> <p>Unha <strong>licenza</strong> <em>debe de</em> ser compatible con outras licenzas.</p> <p>Unha <strong>licenza</strong> é aberta se os seus termos satisfán as seguintes condicións:</p> <h3 id="21-permisos-que-se-requiren">2.1 Permisos que se requiren</h3> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>ten que</em> permitir (ou facilitar) de xeito irrevogable o seguinte:</p> <h4 id="211-uso">2.1.1 Uso</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>ten que</em> permitir o libre uso da obra suxeita á licenza.</p> <h4 id="212-redistribución">2.1.2 Redistribución</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>ten que</em> permitir a redistribución da obra suxeita á licenza, incluíndo a súa venda, ben sexa ao completo ben como parte dunha colección que acolla diferentes traballos de diferentes fontes.</p> <h4 id="213-modificación">2.1.3 Modificación</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>ten que</em> permitir a creación de derivados da obra suxeita á licenza e permitir a distribución deses derivados baixo os mesmos termos cá licenza orixinal da obra.</p> <h4 id="214-separación">2.1.4 Separación</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>ten que</em> que permitir que calquera parte do traballo se poida usar libremente, distribuír ou modificar por separado de calquera outra parte da obra, ou de calquera outra colección de obras da que orixinalmente formase parte. Todos aqueles que reciban calquera obra que conteña algunha parte suxeita aos termos dunha licenza orixinal <em>deberían</em> ter os mesmos dereitos que os que se conceden en conxunto coa obra orixinal.</p> <h4 id="215-compilación">2.1.5 Compilación</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>ten que</em> permitir que a obra suxeita á licenza se distribúa a canda outros traballos sen que iso supoña unha restrición para as demais obras que se distribúen con ela.</p> <h4 id="216-libre-de-discriminación">2.1.6 Libre de discriminación</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>non pode</em> discriminar a ningún tipo de persoa ou grupo social.</p> <h4 id="217-distribución">2.1.7 Distribución</h4> <p>Os dereitos que se lle asignaron á obra <em>teñen que</em> ser os mesmo, sexa quen sexa a persoa que a recibe e sen que se lle obrigue a aceptar ningún termo legal a maiores.</p> <h4 id="218-uso-con-calquera-finalidade">2.1.8 Uso con calquera finalidade</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>ten que</em> permitir o uso, distribución, modificación e a recolleita de obras para calquera fin. A licenza <em>non lle pode</em> restrinxir a ninguén a liberdade de uso para un campo ou finalidade concreto.</p> <h4 id="219-sen-custes">2.1.9 Sen custes</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>non pode</em> impoñer ningunha taxa tributaria, arancel ou outro tipo de compensación ou entrega dunha contía monetaria como parte das condicións.</p> <h3 id="22-condicións-aceptables">2.2 Condicións aceptables</h3> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>non pode</em> limitar, poñer en dúbida ou rebaixar os permisos que aqueles aos que obriga a Sección 2.1 agás nas seguintes condicións, nas que si se pode:</p> <h4 id="221-atribucións">2.2.1 Atribucións</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>podería</em> obrigar a que as distribucións da obra inclúan a atribución aos autores, aos titulares de dereitos e aos patrocinadores ou creadores sempre e cando esas obrigas non sexan opresoras ou desmesuradas.</p> <h4 id="222-integridade">2.2.2 Integridade</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>podería</em> obrigar a que as modificacións das obras baixo licenza impoñan unha numeración de versións a partir da obra orixinal ou a que se indiquen os cambios feitos sobre desta.</p> <h4 id="223-compartir-do-mesmo-xeito">2.2.3 Compartir do mesmo xeito</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>podería</em> obrigar a que a distribución da obra siga coa mesma licenza ou unha licenza similar.</p> <h4 id="224-avisos">2.2.4 Avisos</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>podería</em> obrigar a manter as notas de copyright e de identificación da licenza.</p> <h4 id="225-fonte">2.2.5 Fonte</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>podería</em> obrigar a que a distribución da obra indique que os receptores teñen unha forma da obra preferida sobre da que facer modificacións.</p> <h4 id="226-prohibicións-de-restricións-técnicas">2.2.6 Prohibicións de restricións técnicas</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>podería</em> obrigar a que os distribuidores da obra as manteñan libres de calquera implementación técnica que impida exercer calquera dos outros dereitos de uso da obra.</p> <h4 id="227-fóra-da-agresión">2.2.7 Fóra da agresión</h4> <p>A <strong>licenza</strong> <em>podería</em> obrigar aos que cambien a obra que lle garantan ao público dereitos adicionais (por exemplo, licenzas de patentes) que estes precisen para poder exercer os dereitos que a licenza outorga. A licenza tamén pode condicionar os permisos de non agresión contra a quen a licenza acolle con respecto ao exercicio dos dereitos permitidos (de novo como exemplo, os litixios de patentes).</p> <hr /> <p><em>A Defición Aberta xorde da definición do Código libre, que na súa orixe nace das guías de Software libre de Debian, e do Contrato social de Debian, da que son parte e que foron creadas por Bruce Perens e os desenvolvedores de Debian. Máis en diante Bruce empregou o mesmo texto para crear a definición de Código libre. Así é que esta definición está fundada en gran medida deses documentos e retén o espírito dos seus principios. Richard Stallman foi o primeiro en puxar polas ideas da liberdade de software, e coas que nós seguimos.</em></p> </div> </section> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="footer-language-links"> <p> The Open Definition in Your Language <ul> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ar/">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/be/">Беларуская</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/bs/">Bosanski</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/bg/">Български</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/ca/">Català</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/cz/">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/da/">Dansk</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/de/">Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/et/">Eesti</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.0/el/">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/en/">English</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/es/">Español</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.0/eu">Euskara</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/fi/">Suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/fr/">Français</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/gl/">Galego</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/he/">עברית</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/hi">हिन्दी</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/hr/">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/hu/">Magyar</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/id/">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.0/is/">Íslenska</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/it/">Italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ja/">日本語</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/kn/">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ko/">한국어</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/mk/">македонски јазик</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ne/">नेपाली</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/no/">Norsk (bokmål)</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/pl/">Polszczyzna</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/pt-br/">Português Brasileiro </a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/pt/">Português</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/ru/">Русский</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/sq/">Shqip</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/sr/">Српски</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/sv/">Svenska</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/te/">తెలుగు</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/tr/">Türkçe</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/ua/">Українська</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/zh/">简体中文</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/zh-tw/">繁體中文</a></li> </ul> </p> </div> <hr> <div class="footer-primary-links"> <a class="footer-logo" href="https://okfn.org/"> <img src="https://a.okfn.org/img/oki/landscape-white-234x61.png"> </a> <p> Open Definition is a project of <a href="https://okfn.org">Open Knowledge Foundation</a> – <a href="https://github.com/okfn/opendefinition">Source Code</a> </p> <p> <a href="https://opendefinition.org/ossd/" title="Open Online Software Service"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/ok_buttons/os_80x15_orange_grey.png" alt="" /> </a> <a href="https://opendefinition.org/" title="Open Content"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/ok_buttons/oc_80x15_blue.png" alt="" /> </a> – <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"> Content licensed under a CC Attribution 4.0 International License </a> </p> </div> <div class="footer-secondary-links"> <ul> <li><a href="https://okfn.org/privacy-policy/">Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://okfn.org/ip-policy/">IP policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://okfn.org/cookie-policy/">Cookie policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://okfn.org/terms-of-use/">Terms of use</a></li> </ul> <ul class="footer-social"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/okfn"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/x-logo.png" alt="Twitter"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/openknowledgefdn"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/youtube-logo-circle.png" alt="YouTube"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@okfn"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/mastodon-logo.png" alt="Mastodon"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/open-knowledge-foundation/"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/linkedin-logo.png" alt="Linkedin"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/okfn"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/github-logo.png" alt="GitHub"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://okfn.org/newsletter"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/newsletter.png" alt="Newsletter"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <hr> <p>The Open Knowledge Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation. 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