CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134f9515b55ce1d',cH: 'l8VyvuA5_YDVZ9RZIs.f7V0ZCh9aKt76vqgWy8vysrU-1739786882-1.2.1.1-QCq7f8wr2wqcPFRlG7zpASyfi5wcE5x6qVTMHztmTKR6aeVHUZUfV.OW0mt3llTM',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=R.%20A.%20Memon&__cf_chl_tk=p0GkU7Zi7vmunSHGrIgIKsCzlExZ36QCwQgNARYqfCo-1739786882-1.0.1.1-yD7qynnN9dRwKip3HXaNuTYJhvr1r1wUj.otwMoDepI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786882',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=R.%20A.%20Memon&__cf_chl_f_tk=p0GkU7Zi7vmunSHGrIgIKsCzlExZ36QCwQgNARYqfCo-1739786882-1.0.1.1-yD7qynnN9dRwKip3HXaNuTYJhvr1r1wUj.otwMoDepI",md: "19s.S2Xs8dfetkGAeL4HYRlSHmfeupxPOvK5lwrh4y8-1739786882-1.2.1.1-UzcyMd9fI_Y6d.TlIrm_zkqLlPDFxAOcbklgOl9iX7d1NIvKcMflvKU4hm4n0NPsZ0cpMyCnveVWbcv._jjsAJ9M7JhokhzNucWE6v2ktjf_DZ_vIPT78naF45kCmA4YuHVnxgvJqETzzaO_dK6xvgtzK1jsavWklXAcT707fx43ZHyuvDEfkvtSBqv2MKzQcz9lnA_sbaOBtEfoaN5gH3tzp2VYGaGYLMT2_LHsw9.VjWTDkpz8KHNDA8SZ4PtkWQsj_UO0qM39spgfiTf9oxumYgXSlepw_xbbwogiSHO1DvPC1MnZhYdf6UdhIP148iDQ_licPRXFrVuCdataTdUYndxL_4tJRILo._5kTYAXAi8NLWsEUvzC.eUWxqMCwdCoYQRfB1AiwdqAiNhwGcDxAT8TDBpq.m2fauj5cAHHBEKLN_dpOgq2tbBQKsUdLmXufi76tncREtcLGyhMB0u41ajwVYX8AQgbEsfBDmtssG.CkmLKekeRpmyxrg5Axhrejpq3fTVujU4cmjBFy5LFLG84B0qlk4vp_qg7.fse5jCZtwAEupmjGrp7lBDinAoqzRc5fvfwrEnckXRCbI7fZKAeUjI2qytijXxt.U3VA1RrUhWAwFEGmoI.z.8ZlL4kV3UnAxV4I8IkZkMmo44sZ9spNPwErh_r9kvmDn0Wd_B7W5abewJQhBiF5FtUtsIlzE7nuwkxyXiq7_IyddL0oy1iEvonprVrwuSPD_lXBLMPLZq0wS8UNoj9NA3WigmlK5P68AfhTsNhK6ekSlccQrstPtZ1tnmbWh4xDjVBZnWJbuXSs.b09M0cPgvnhZl.qb2JdBrTJP9hHDYCVRIUsKC8SFEmRJ0cW24baqCdQ4XnS.KJudwyFw8DG97n.1cUZ1VbDx4PDPLJTO3AJwKgH7UYTwVbX4jDVWydQAcPqpmoTxTdtIftSsb93D8eTx4n8ItnKiGA5srdErOwDp1JjduMSL5E3coz94PiyShG8vc_J4Ni2pk.D7pA.8pXZjMnVc8BBv7I21HPOZS7ZtYAK5UlQX1IjeHz4XVdD4GGzh0rgIzVQPfMyvuCdDTqkOBWzM3.iHfpxU2NnC4WR4TZAg5b1LDyECgmT.ITeh0BXzgcEUEgMcAXiuckhNviX_EIrIq6CE6ceUlZKrmPbtl_Zw.Dm86XYXc.X8KSe.AZFTqh5kQORmYt7CRO1sgAGm.eV1xlyjnqBpwU6sU1tu5jjLQ88f0EgCGjWYPoafaHs3biPndUygEQGQAIcFtrRn6Jy0LbqfClDaFR6tcmNJ.rCQqSgnO8DWuqk9dAJXk6ceB7NXM.CtjGKXOUeIcy0xqOQIvGEfjRMNHbyuvfCaM8XhpP0.7WRVV.WlJUYsrGWKa0fm8MDAiFiEdJgMrYCxvKahm4FX0qF2nC5SQ98ZSGJeS45q9SdxGcz3HiLK58kalsQFTx58T66JUHNlh3N8Z0_tVsonmQPT3bt.7.YIa29SUqqcSFLeWAGBZ.isRayU5xIHGPAhYah2moij9w1J.aMHkB_bJJxBCUj4BEDrYRMzln7jliBQLCYVQ0eYEbxn0ab3l61wi0F8xZMlrbNcjmp6zl0ocOnsDIAnYhOCAXQo5Nhb1lRZPjDKaK0EsUQkBXr5exo.pv_FmYOQsVUOLjeqyTucDNAC.sw_.Q7qGRzDLEky0NSPk2EMVwGRoNi0DjOLWlDtA7uxpJEP5uUjdyt3ZF0dZB23clFbHc1mD9iiasQGbkKNbWkFUvu_MlkJ18ktdyUSx4YUe09soMr3ILUyrSVomISVefH1YPIrB1sODC_v5jFXQqH9YhHowQN9CHUWKQif7xDigX6.a1dDhs1LzAPy80.qhGLkesSYb3oI0gjJcI_cMTxkNzGt4DV4S9u6MsWe_NUGCA3IIS7VtNOJh1EMjgCCBr9I.qg03fL4NWLqv9RsnYyoycFLw",mdrd: "Qqfj5855PsGANRrDciQr2dpgWPPjOndhtnCIV3r9QK8-1739786882-1.2.1.1-xCurFeXhhaJo00V54DES_MIzrV2G6dmSjBHVsOaQg_tQKBfweYaKydTR4pkMf_CrEZMeswFGKE55uwS7xoQp6w7WqSL2ocwuxid4rHguhnf7KVYRdODlBbzQxdQevho8G3ewTqihKQUxI173CsUvhaMcSa3oIeCC3DlFmCsSIalmdJNZ.HGNtIgsIMjVY5qL5FGtkpr7J9TwBj6g3JUV2Cw75EJ.wr6XnVJd0PRJXhgQCVFTBPSvka8ePM3gvg7E5mfJMuOlgx78qFhNIcQvGpr9ZLpF13SLO0uc5IquNX6_ImskdHH5ani_sMpYViOK3cAiXOMNZK4fUKBbd_I7_lUCc0CEN9SoEq39wvA3nUiOvcBSVvrlbwQrQVNB0luvH2xFTg98ZM7t2UfSPIk6XAZfWi4q5hrr3pNqzpUjG4tBymPRVWagp0Y7xoCyRouDF.MZG7oyNdFjJ0rCHe2v80zesMYR_JA7D3QsaYBLNgMQZrY.l2geib4Go34NFFS_yvE8wtWA6hcPvR_vxMmxozw.AJMLv1nBzDVfGFXUndQ.wjcq.D7CWuBUQNiuDX9MRRJFfvUxo9EHoD4Vs173E2reC7bRCuISWcPBMQChVLQdrH1o_uvz0p8ttRM4493Qtt2S7HpMeLXFYv1vxe24sCc44C_0BbGKHiiETTUoP0zyPcGUAji9fXHNFQHujZ9IvN_XrBUOaUpxzw.IJl0vBfUMW7L6.Zw0eTlWaSxnQ6FojExlRuDdqs7NzQpQCxjB.mJ6.hzX3KHK39Fud8vyQW602BMD6qZi34BiD9KSzbY7o.ZmmJuPmjB0PzNmSkqeI.HlqFFequ.b2vUAZJfLUOWf3DZ96GWQJzFOnXXK_xoiWFi8TElUUWJWd0GAorQCxDqju6f4QG5Vo5mQFMLB8Xc02tIaRRSBw3XU_4LQvax93g.FLJkNS5xfgEBeqZkUVb_bpfG4RJS9v1L56icKK966p1oKqWuLmlY.gcmS1mThp1QraaEdIywnNxFGX7D57SU659cJSyS2PEfCKwJjHfOzbMQS2ZQaH02odPWFSq6DK_SxR5f8nfOVoDj2.lfwh_Aiiw6CfchPgVYD2AQvs__XMACbIV0VLbsZJ2xaIyHjM4_XO1boav4mafFg7jS8QsfpHGQLWeLafRTg_.q3pO_1Jl2V4.OTSG81npBOv1oh4K36Sc3Xv.Y7phx3EVtO7ur0AvEpIG_turyMsLivUihBmP5RkS3vZJ2hlqojbyRsMT6CxocKTkAHZujpsuC1Em39SIY9J_ArAWRcfo8zP45Jt1EpIScwM2zysmkMiKEMUZovQUEEfCKzjAGUBsFGUsRI2FyzAaIitkI0DC6iCZks2pIds5KkmfXE1LWfBcEiwPDSrRA3wI.rhCntQjs0cfS70o0vtGHNyrh921w7jB.WH.qi7ancE3ctC_nhiNY7DZ7w3nI8fK2g7YJsyjaSj0ZWtZoq.ycaLmHoFV6vYZwnAsOvzJacJ9qFFjiDLg7cUMYsboTyDn.hfkn_PCYCnf7qkrCW58guwnJoxBokAoovMp95nM31tUIKR1gi5StY70hW3Shf6ImZK7Kw6DqS1DV3P123AXxmILJYf0zBDG3xoRjAWH_V7qHKoVqipcM2KztJyfZ4BPG7uHqA8dE.5PGl4tE7InHXD0Lu.ozqm_WDFkbPYp3S2uTsvHEg5VT6TdsWK7uNjQqUwlfmZ5JT9qH5TDvRUOrr0go0l.GiR8QhBrPmfl5p2mI5c99S7ktJ3rqhorD10E3irpUwpaU4KouN2ULAKYdZpTlS4lrm.niqj.uZ.pgVe0sdaB56u3nnNLqHR3ygQOAUMJ2vgCmhlbRj6Iut49s3YsqSR5Z1ZGEKsEOYWZqRQsYlJI8piJASSgLxtITd51VCwl3DzrhX.WHSGP8yMGzKQnZkmDCjA9Ym.UOk7ypyXPwX.WG7n7KHrrUtoSH35gz4lbTswAka"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134f9515b55ce1d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=R.%20A.%20Memon&__cf_chl_rt_tk=p0GkU7Zi7vmunSHGrIgIKsCzlExZ36QCwQgNARYqfCo-1739786882-1.0.1.1-yD7qynnN9dRwKip3HXaNuTYJhvr1r1wUj.otwMoDepI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>