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style="-webkit-line-clamp:0">•</span></div><div class="Stats_rightContent__8d0AF"><span class="Text_root__is73U Text_weight-strong__yEO2S Text_secondary__EPWj0 Text_medium__rk8Tn Likes_root__WVQ1_ text" style="-webkit-line-clamp:0" tabindex="0">594 likes</span><span class="Text_root__is73U Text_medium__rk8Tn text" style="-webkit-line-clamp:0">•</span><span class="Text_root__is73U Text_weight-strong__yEO2S Text_secondary__EPWj0 Text_medium__rk8Tn Likes_root__WVQ1_ text" style="-webkit-line-clamp:0" tabindex="0">104,349 views</span></div></div><div class="author Author_root___6Bx5"><div class="Avatar_root__GNWHY Avatar_initials__EJfVt" style="width:24px;height:24px;line-height:24px">J</div><a class="Link_root__vn3ab Author_link___lVxw ellipsis Link_primary__Iq4CI Link_size-large__W0PAv Link_weight-regular__yPpnB" data-cy="author-link" title="Jon Lieber" href="https://www.slideshare.net/JonathanLieber1">Jon Lieber</a><button type="button" class="FollowButton_root__FxpBi Author_follow__Lw4TS FollowButton_follow__d_6u5">Follow</button></div><div class="description Description_root__kt4uq Description_clamped__PaV_1"><div class="Description_wrapper__hYE9_" data-cy="document-description"><p>- The gig economy as currently defined will not last long term, as tasks like ridesharing and delivery are likely to be automated. However, skilled professionals using platforms like Thumbtack to find clients will persist and proliferate. - Technology is empowering skilled tradespeople by allowing them to connect directly with customers and run their businesses more efficiently without traditional employers. Skilled professionals are less reliant on college degrees and are building middle-class lifestyles through online skills marketplaces. - Policymakers should support independent workers through policies that provide safety nets and make it easier for skilled professionals to succeed without full-time employment.<button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_primary__K25Gq Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Description_less__BvWbY Description_hidden__a9QZJ" data-testid="button" aria-label="Read less"><span>Read less</span></button></p></div><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_primary__K25Gq Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Description_more__ChrRK" data-testid="button" aria-label="Read more" data-cy="read-more-button"><span>Read more</span></button></div><div class="actions Actions_root__00yIC"><div class="Tooltip_triggerWrapper___S2HG"><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx 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now</span></button></div></div><div class="MetadataToolbar_underline__QQn0C"></div></div></div><div class="player Player_root__L1AmF"><div id="new-player" class="vertical-player VerticalPlayer_root__K8_YS" data-slideshow-id="59281626"><div><div id="slide1" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-0" alt="Beyond the Gig Economy How New Technologies Are Reshaping the Future of Work | 2016 By Jon Lieber, Chief Economist, Thumbtack and Lucas Puente, Economic Analyst, Thumbtack " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="eager" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-1-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-1-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-1-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-1-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide2" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-1" alt="2Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 Executive Summary Long-run economic trends and new technologies are pushing workers away from traditional employee-employer relationships and into self- employment. Thanks in part to advances in technology that have put smartphones in the pockets of millions of Americans, it has never been easier for an individual to go online and start earning income quickly and flexibly. But this new “gig economy” is not monolithic or static. It has different sectors, and the gig economy of on-demand, low-skilled, easily automated logistics or delivery services will not be around in 20 years. What will remain are skilled professionals. This report, Beyond the Gig Economy, draws from publicly available data as well as Thumbtack’s proprietary marketplace and survey data of tens of thousands of small businesses to show the variety of ways in which technology is enabling middle-class Americans to find economic opportunity with tools that have never previously been available to them. “There’s never been a better time to be a worker with special skills or the right education, because these people can use technology to create and capture value.” —Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee "The Second Machine Age" (2014) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-2-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-2-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-2-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-2-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide3" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-2" alt="3Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 • The gig economy as we know it will not last. In the past few years, analysts and reporters have obsessively focused on transportation technology platforms such as Uber and Lyft and delivery technology platforms such as Instacart and the workers needed for these on-demand services. This narrow focus on low-skilled “gigs” misses a larger story. These relatively commoditized, undifferentiated services are supplementing income, not generating middle-class lifestyles. Moreover, these tasks are overwhelmingly likely to be automated over time, performed by self- driving cars and drones. The gig economy, as currently understood, will cease to exist in 20 years. • What will persist is the skilled professional. These professionals are being empowered by technology and will not be replaced by it. They are not offering commodity services; they are offering specialized trades. They don’t have employers; they have clients with whom they develop business relationships. They aren’t looking to complete a short task as a side job; they are seeking full-time, but time-limited, projects. They aren’t climbing the corporate ladder or looking for employers they’ll have for 20 years; they are hunting down opportunities and customers week to week. • Skilled professionals are proliferating because online marketplaces are unlocking new opportunities—and customers. Skilled Professionals are turning to the Internet to build their client base and their businesses using online, cost-effective, performance- based platforms—such as Thumbtack and Etsy—that weren’t available 20 years ago. They make more on average, have higher job satisfaction, and do not need a college degree to earn a middle-class lifestyle. • To date, skills marketplaces have broader adoption than commodified platforms. Because they are leveraging the skills of an existing group of qualified professionals, these marketplaces have an automatic reach across the country. Commoditized platforms tend to be concentrated in metropolitan areas with large populations. Younger, tech- friendly cities and college towns have the highest adoption rates per capita of these platforms in the country. • Innovations that have revolutionized online retail and big business will galvanize skilled professionals and small business growth. Policy must support them too. Online tools such as Zenefits and Intuit have lowered the cost of resource-intensive, back-office tasks like running payroll and managing employee benefits. Policy changes such as the Affordable Care Act have partially decoupled health insurance from employers. To support independent workers—both skilled professionals and workers on gig platforms— policymakers need to look beyond the current controversy over worker classification and focus on policies and regulatory updates that will support skilled professionals. Key Findings With this new data, we can improve our understanding of how the digital economy is affecting the American labor market. We can also make a series of policy recommendations to help policymakers make it easier for their constituents to find skilled work online and succeed in this evolving labor market. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-3-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-3-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-3-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-3-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide4" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-3" alt="Jina Wilson Photographer since 2010 Thumbtack pro since 2015 Location: Atlanta, GA PROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT 4 Photograph by Rose Limb ˮOwning my own business has changed my life drastically. I am committed to bringing my clients the best service possible, and Thumbtack is my business partner.ˮ " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-4-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-4-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-4-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-4-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide5" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-4" alt="5Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 6.5% 15.1% < High school diploma 2014 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 4.2% 10.2% High school, no college 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 3.5% 8.1% Some college 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2% 4.8% College diploma + Unemployment Rates by Education Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics The Labor Force Has Changed over the Past 50 Years Changes in the labor force over the past 50 years have vastly affected Americans’ working lives, from the types of companies they join to the types of skills they invest in to ensure long-term financial security. Advances in communication, travel, and automation have created a global labor market, opening American workers to competition that didn’t exist in the 1950s and 60s. Increasingly sophisticated machines are moving up the skills ladder to take on routine tasks that were previously done by humans. Jobs that were considered secure a generation ago are not even available to American workers in large numbers anymore, and workers without a college degree have been most affected by these changes. Three important changes have arisen as a result of these shifts: 1) investing in a specialized skill has become more important, 2) while training is more important than ever, college isn’t necessarily the answer, and 3) firms are going to become less important as workers are increasingly empowered to work for themselves. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-5-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-5-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-5-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-5-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide6" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-5" alt="6Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 The Rise of the Skilled Class The changes in the labor force in the past 50 years are well-documented and well-known. As economist David Autor has explained, routine tasks have increasingly been performed by lower-paid workers or by machines, and abstract, nonroutine jobs are rewarding those trained to perform them with higher incomes and better job prospects. Skilled professionals—those with the know-how to do a specialized job in any circumstance—are the middle class of the future These non-routine, cognitively-intensive jobs are often thought to be highly educated white collar work, but they are not limited to doctors and computer programmers. Skilled labor jobs may not pay as well as professions that require years of higher education, but they have the advantage of being difficult to outsource and resistant to automation: You can’t hire a remote worker to replace your windows, and a robot is a long way from being able to repair your plumbing. Employment in routine vs. non routine jobs has diverged since 2001 20142001 2004 2007 2011 24% 32% -8% -10%Routine Cognitive Routine Manual Nonroutine Manual Nonroutine Cognitive Percentage of growth Source: Maximiliano Dvorkin, of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-6-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-6-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-6-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-6-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide7" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-6" alt="7Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 The Only Barrier to Joining the Skilled Class Is Your Skill The conventional wisdom for the last 50 years is that a college education has been the way to break into the middle class and find a secure career path. And it is true that college graduates still tend to have lower unemployment rates. But in another way, college has never been less important. Skilled professionals don’t have employers, they have clients. They aren’t applying for jobs they expect to have for the next 20 years, they are hunting down opportunities week to week. And while a college degree can still provide an effective signal of a worker’s quality, it’s no longer the best gauge of what’s most important to clients: the ability to execute on a well-developed skill set or complete a complex project. The signal provided by a four-year degree is weaker than ever as directories like Yelp, repositories like GitHub, and skill-assessment tools like Knack are now providing consumers with more accurate methods for evaluating the skills they are looking for. Technology Is Empowering the Skilled Class to Work for Themselves While economic trends are pushing workers away from traditional employee-employer relationships, technological trends are pulling them into self-employment by making it easier and cheaper than ever to make it as an independent worker. Online tools such as Zenefits and Intuit have lowered the cost of tasks such as running payroll and managing employee benefits. Policy changes such as the Affordable Care Act have partially decoupled health insurance from employers. New marketplaces use mobile technology to connect buyers and sellers, moving industries from the analog age into the digital age. And consumers now have the ability to browse reviews and samples of past work online, bringing transparency to an opaque market. “Rather than forcing full-time employment on on-demand work firms, we should instead pursue a policy direction that creates a comparable safety net for workers who are not full-time employees.” - Arun Sundararajan The Atlantic (2015) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-7-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-7-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-7-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-7-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide8" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-7" alt="Matthew Salazar Personal Chef since 2014 Thumbtack pro since 2014 Location: Norcross, GA 8 “I love to cook for people, and I leave their homes knowing that I served some type of purpose that day. Thumbtack has helped me with my new business and because business is good, I spend more time with my lady and my daughter.” PROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT Photograph by Olya Grigorova " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-8-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-8-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-8-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-8-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide9" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-8" alt="9Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 The Complexity of the Gig Economy: Beyond the Uber Driver Multiple platforms have arisen to help skilled professionals find work. These platforms have occasionally been lumped together under the moniker of the “gig economy,” which is designed to describe how the workers who use them are moving from gig to gig with no expectation of longer-term commitments. In general, this term has been applied to technologies that connect buyers and sellers across a range of services, from selling handcrafted goods to booking a wedding DJ. For buyers, this brings unprecedented ease and convenience to help get things done. For sellers, these platforms are helping solve their biggest issue: finding new clients (see page 17). Labeling these new ways of finding work as being part of one gargantuan “gig economy” is a helpful shortcut that unfortunately glosses over two realities: A large class of American workers have always worked gig to gig, and crucial distinctions exist between “gig” platforms. Most commentary on this new way of working has focused on a very narrow section of platforms offering services that were cost- prohibitive for most people in the era before ubiquitous digital communication such as hailing a ride instantly while on the go or dispatching a courier to shop for a specific set of items. However, a different model of online platform connects existing skilled professionals to new consumers, fosters longer-term engagement, and can bring more stable work. We differentiate between these two services by calling them “commoditized platforms” and “marketplaces.” Skills Are Not a Commodity Commoditized platforms push a service provider to the buyer in the simplest possible way—often a single tap on a smartphone. Examples are hiring a driver on Lyft or finding someone to wait in line for you on TaskRabbit. These models work under two key conditions: The buyer is indifferent to the individual providing a service, and the task generally doesn’t require a high degree of specialization or skill on the part of the provider. By contrast, marketplaces add more value when a service is highly differentiated between providers, where a skilled professional may offer a different level of service or a different price point based on his or her own brand and the needs of the consumer. With the ability to choose who will be doing their project, consumers can optimize on the dimension(s) of their choice—such as price, quality, or availability—and ultimately be better off than in a world in which they have no choice as to the service provider. Examples of marketplaces include hiring a contractor on Thumbtack or buying a handicraft on Etsy. “The Internet enables a new generation of platforms that are reinventing many industries and the workforce in the process ... People are now able to transact with one another quickly, easily, and safely through these transaction-based networks.” - Simon Rothman, Partner, Greylock Partners Medium (2015) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-9-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-9-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-9-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-9-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide10" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-9" alt="10Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 COMMODITIZED PLATFORM Undifferentiated supply vs. Highly differentiated supply vs.Little or no control over rates charged Nearly complete control over rates charged vs.Operate under platform’s brand Operate under personal brand vs.Businesses exist only on platform or through nearly identical platform competitors Businesses exist on and off platform vs.Very little training or skill needed Generally require an investment in and demonstration of skill MARKETPLACE • Marketplaces leverage workers’ skills; commoditized platforms don’t. Because of the nature of the task being performed, workers using commoditized platforms are designed to be basically indistinguishable from one another. The inability for workers to differentiate themselves on the platform takes away their individual pricing power and leaves them at the mercy of the platform to set their per-task compensation. Conversely, those on marketplaces can distinguish themselves not just on price but on their quality and skill set. This allows them to operate under their own brands and expand their business as their reputation and resources allow. From the service provider’s perspective, commoditized platforms can provide steady access to new clients and offer very low barriers to entry. In some cases all you need is a means of transportation and a smartphone. But they come with considerable downsides that marketplaces do not. 45% of the businesses that operate on Thumbtack have been in business for five or more years. — Thumbtack Economic Sentiment Survey, November 2015 (18,000 professionals) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-10-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-10-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-10-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-10-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide11" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-10" alt="11Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 • Skills-based marketplaces allow businesses to grow. Commoditized platforms are not designed to support a career. By their own admission, commoditized platforms are much better at providing supplemental income than a full-time job. Uber emphasizes that half of its partners drive fewer than 10 hours per week. TaskRabbit says that 90 percent of its providers are using the platform to pay “one to three bills every single month.” Research from Intuit shows that the average worker on one of these platforms spends only 12 hours a week working for the primary platform he or she uses, and that only 5 percent of the people engaged in this work indicate it is their sole source of income. As Business Insider put it, many are “treating [driving on Uber and Lyft] like a summer job or a stop gap in a time of transition.” In contrast, two- thirds of service providers on Thumbtack, an example of a skilled marketplace, are running a business. • Commoditized platforms are more susceptible to automation. Because the consumer is relatively indifferent to whom is providing the service, and most services offered on commodity platforms are relatively routine, it is only a matter of time before technology catches up with the worker. An Oxford study found that professional drivers have an 89 percent chance of being automated in the near future. The two biggest driver platforms, Uber and Lyft—through investments in self- driving technology and partnerships with major automakers—are already actively preparing for this. While Postmates and other logistics startups are figuring out how to leverage humans who can deliver your food or your laundry, Amazon is actively preparing for the day when unmanned drones can deliver the same goods faster and cheaper. In contrast, a Deloitte study shows that skilled service jobs are among the fastest growing occupations in the last 25 years and have little chance of being automated away. One other significant difference between commoditized platforms and skilled marketplaces is that while marketplaces rely on skilled workers who are active in their professions offline, commoditized platforms are creating new ways of doing things that wouldn’t be possible without the platform. As a result, while marketplaces can launch everywhere at once, commoditized platforms have to build a labor force city by city and thus are slow to rollout to the whole country. To document this, we used Twitter data as a proxy for adoption rates in different markets, based on the theory that platforms with more followers on Twitter in a given area likely have more users and more service providers in that same area. This approach confirms that commoditized platforms are concentrated in the biggest markets, while marketplaces are being used across a much greater share of the country. “For most people, driving on Uber is not even a part-time job…it’s just driving an hour or two a day, here or there, to help pay the bills.” — David Plouffe, Uber Chief Advisor, (2015) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-11-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-11-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-11-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-11-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide12" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-11" alt="12Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 We use data from Alan Krueger and Seth Harris to identify 10 of the biggest digital marketplaces—six of which we classify as commoditized platforms and four of which we classify as marketplaces. Using this methodology, we find that commoditized platforms have, so far, been adopted in greater numbers but almost exclusively in major metropolitan areas. The maps below illustrate this point. The six commoditized platforms all have well over half of their followers in metropolitan areas with over 4 million residents, and 90 percent of their followers live in metro areas with over a million residents. Conversely, cloud-based marketplaces such as Mechanical Turk, Fiverr, Upwork and Thumbtack are significantly less concentrated in these major metropolitan areas and adoption is spread out over a much larger area of the country. Data based on dispersion of Twitter followers by location; collected February, 2016 Skills-Based Marketplaces Are More Widely Adopted Distribution of Workers on Skills-Based Marketplaces Percentage of followers outside a Top 12 Metro Percentage of followers outside a Top 12 Metro Distribution of Workers on Commoditized Platforms Mturk: 54.3% Fiverr: 53.6% Upwork: 49.2% Thumbtack: 48.6% Uber: 38.9% Taskrabbit: 29.1% Grubhub: 39.6 Handy: 22.9% Lyft: 40.4% Instacart: 22.3% " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-12-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-12-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-12-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-12-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide13" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-12" alt="13Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 8 9 10 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 11 12 6 4 5 3 2 7 Using this methodology, we ranked the top cities according to digital platform adoption—the Top 20 are listed below. Dominating the list are large technology or business hubs and college towns. For a complete list broken out by large and mid-sized cities ranked by their adoption of digital platforms, see appendix A. Top Cities for Per-Capita Digital Marketplace Adoption 1. San Francisco, CA 2. Palm Bay, FL 3. Chicago, IL 4. Madison, WI 5. Nashville, TN 6. Raleigh, NC 7. Boston, MA 8. Ann Arbor, MI 9. Las Vegas, NV 10. Charlottesville, VA 11. Seattle, WA 12. Champaign, IL 13. Washington, DC 14. Los Angeles, CA 15. Durham, NC 16. San Diego, CA 17. Denver, CO 18. Lexington, KY 19. San Jose, CA 20. Fort Collins, CO Data based on dispersion of Twitter followers by location; collected February 2016 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-13-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-13-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-13-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-13-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide14" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-13" alt="14 Photograph by James Dillard “I started offering private music lessons four years ago targeting clients through social media and Thumbtack. We’ve had so much success; we just opened our third location. I share my heart every day through my work and through the teachers I help train. What could be greater?” PROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT Brannon Littleton Music Teacher since 2011 Thumbtack pro since 2011 Location: Montgomery, AL " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-14-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-14-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-14-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-14-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide15" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-14" alt="15Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 The Right Technology Will Empower the Worker of Tomorrow For those operating on a marketplace and offering skilled, not commoditized, services, the gig economy presents a range of opportunities. But who are these skilled professionals? Despite the outsized attention paid to so- called “gig” workers who are picking up side jobs online, it isn’t just new businesses or those offering side jobs who are finding work online. First, two-thirds of businesses on Thumbtack are running their primary business, and 79 percent are running a business that uses their specific professional skills, meaning they are trained to do this work full time. Nearly half of the businesses that operate on Thumbtack have been in business for five or more years. Second, these professionals are skilled. They are people who have trained to provide their service as their main occupation and source of income. Over 90 percent of professionals who find business on Thumbtack say they consider themselves “incredibly skilled in my profession.” Third, by empowering workers to leverage their unique skill set in a new online marketplace, these skilled professionals can achieve higher earnings and greater worker satisfaction, and grow their business more than they otherwise would. “The typical Thumbtack pro with only a high school education has a gross income of up to $20,000 more than the median high school graduate.” — Thumbtack Economic Sentiment Survey, January 2015 (8,000 professionals) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-15-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-15-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-15-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-15-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide16" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-15" alt="16Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 Thumbtack Pros Are Skilled Workers An overwhelming majority of professionals (84 percent) who find business on Thumbtack say they agree or strongly agree with the statement “I love what I do,” while a Gallup survey of the general working population found that only 29 percent of Americans said they were “engaged” at work. Fourth, digital marketplaces empower skilled professionals to expand and hire new workers. The most active small business owners on Thumbtack are 2.5 times more likely to report that their business has grown dramatically (more than 20 percent annually) than their otherwise similar counterparts. According to Pew, there are 14.6 million self-employed individuals providing jobs for 29.4 million workers, accounting for three-in-ten U.S. jobs. One-in-four self-employed people report that they are employers with a median of three employees and an average of 8.6. Finally, online marketplaces are efficient for small businesses constantly looking for new customers (see page 17). According to a survey we conducted of 5,000 small businesses, online paid marketing is more than four times more cost-effective in delivering new customers for small businesses than offline paid marketing and, within the world of online paid marketing, performance-based marketing (e.g., AdWords and Thumbtack) is 2.5 times more cost-effective than directories (e.g., Yelp and Angie’s List). Wedding Photographer Wedding Officiant Personal Trainer Math Tutor Massage Therapist Mover Gardener House Cleaner Guitar Teacher General Contractor Dog Trainer Caterer Thumbtack pros responses to the statement: “I consider myself incredibly skilled in my profession” STRONGLY AGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE Source: Thumbtack survey, June 2015 (5,000 professionals) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-16-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-16-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-16-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-16-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide17" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-16" alt="17Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 Acquiring new customers is skilled professionals’ single biggest challenge. Half of small business owners on Thumbtack report that acquiring new customers is a challenge, and 35 percent indicate that it is their most challenging problem. The challenge is so big that 80 percent of service professionals are attempting to find new customers at least once a week, and most are looking every day. The Challenge of Working for Yourself What problems do you face in business today? 51% Acquiring customers 19% Healthcare costs 13% Competition from big business 9% Inflation 42% Competition from other small businesses 17% Taxes 12% Poor sales 8% Complying with regulations 28% Uncertain economic conditions 16% Consumer confidence 9% Other 20% Access to credit 16% Cost/Quality of labor How often do local service professionals seek new customers? 3% Specific time of year 1% Annually 4% Rarely 17.5% Once a week 8% Once a month 4.5% Every few months 61% Daily Being an independent business owner means competing against large businesses, which increasingly have access to economies of scale and efficiencies that small businesses can’t take advantage of. 17 Source: Thumbtack survey, June 2015 (5,000 professionals) Source: Thumbtack Economic Sentiment Survey, November 2015 (18,000 professionals) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-17-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-17-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-17-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-17-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide18" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-17" alt="18Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 of Thumbtack pros love what they do 84% 29% of the general American population is engaged at work Running a business isn’t easy, but it is rewarding. People love working for themselves: 84 percent of professionals who find business on Thumbtack say they agree or strongly agree with the statement “I love what I do.” In contrast, a Gallup survey of the general working population found that only 29 percent of Americans said they were “engaged” at work. vs. 18 Source: Gallup Organization; Thumbtack survey, June 2015 (5,000 professionals) The Opportunity of Working for Yourself " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-18-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-18-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-18-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-18-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide19" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-18" alt="19 “Being independent is always scary to some degree, but thanks to Thumbtack delivering clients, my practice is stable enough now that I never have to look for a job again. I am engaged on a deep level with my clients and that gives me tremendous satisfaction. ” PROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT Sandra Nutt Attorney since 2009 Thumbtack pro since 2010 Location: Van Nuys, CA Photograph by Felipe Osorio " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-19-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-19-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-19-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-19-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide20" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-19" alt="20Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 What Can Policymakers Do to Support Independent Workers? Local and regional governments invest a lot in developing industrial strategies that will attract large employers to their area with attractive packages of tax incentives and educated workers. But not every area will be well-positioned to attract this type of employer, and even areas that are successful in attracting high-skill, high-wage jobs will need to support the small businesses providing services to these workers. As the costs of working for oneself continue to drop, opportunities for this kind of work will expand. Areas that empower individuals to work for themselves provide them with greater opportunities to find alternatives to traditional work and give them more opportunities to weather economic downturns. Steps that policymakers can do to support this class of independent worker include: Minimize regulatory barriers at the local level • Regulatory barriers such as overly burdensome or poorly enforced professional licensing rules are a barrier to entry for many professions and should exist only to the bare minimum necessary to protect consumers in fields such as electrical work or plumbing where low-quality service providers present a danger to their clients. Invest in developing skills outside of educational institutions • Offering vocational training provides low-cost opportunities for workers to develop an in- demand skill to serve their community. • Research has shown that apprenticeships frequently end in employment for the apprentice with a relatively high wage. Connecting micro- businesses to apprentices and providing support for on-the-job skill training could help Skilled Professionals grow their businesses and provide opportunities for young people who can’t afford a more formal education. Strengthen the social safety net • Working for oneself means flexibility but also risk—many self-employed individuals lack benefits or access to a social safety net that was built around full-time employment. • Detaching the social safety net from employment would encourage more people to work for themselves and would provide valuable social insurance to people who take risks to create jobs. • Allow employers who don’t or can’t offer retirement plans to make tax-free contributions to individual retirement accounts. • Create tax-preferred savings accounts to enable workers to save income for emergencies or time off. When it comes to taxes, focus on reducing burden of compliance • For small businesses operating with thin margins, the burden of tax compliance matters more than the actual tax rate. • Thumbtack’s Small Business Friendliness Survey has consistently found that tax complexity matters more than the tax rate to small business owners when evaluating the friendliness of their city or state. Simplifying compliance by making sure rules are clear, penalties are fair, and remittances are as painless as possible would help foster a friendlier environment for skilled professionals. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-20-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-20-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-20-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-20-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide21" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-20" alt="21Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 Conclusion The rise of the so-called “gig economy” is a confluence of some very old trends—the desire to be one’s own boss—and very new ones, including the ubiquity of smartphones and a growing comfort with purchasing goods and services online. While the most visible aspects of the gig economy are high-profile logistics companies that deal in driving people and delivering goods, over time these tasks are very likely to be automated. What will endure is a segment of the economy that has always worked gig to gig: the skilled professionals. These are skilled service providers and creators who are empowered by digital marketplaces to reach new clients more quickly and cheaply than any offline opportunity. These skilled professionals report high degrees of job satisfaction and are using the opportunities they find online to earn more, build an enduring business, and create jobs. About the Authors Jon Lieber Lucas Puente Lucas Puente is the Economic Analyst at Thumbtack, where he studies Thumbtack's marketplace dynamics and the policy challenges facing small service businesses. He has a master's degree and Ph.D. from Stanford University and is a graduate of the University of Georgia. Jon Lieber is Thumbtack's Chief Economist and head of policy research, studying trends in the labor market, entrepreneurship, and the small business economy. He has spent over a decade in Washington, D.C.,advising policymakers on economic policy, and currently serves as a board member for the Center for American Entrepreneurship, a research organization dedicated to improving the environment for startups and entrepreneurs. Especially important, empowering these skilled professionals could contribute to a turnaround in small business starts and offer a wider avenue for people to enter the middle class. Policy debates about the gig economy need to move beyond arguments about worker classification issues that only affect a narrow group of workers and focus instead on how we can nurture the creation and growth of more skilled professionals. For the foreseeable future, the vast majority of workers will continue to look for and find full- time work with a single employer. But for workers who want more flexibility, it has never been cheaper or easier to start finding jobs or clients as a free agent. These trends have the potential to reshape the opportunities available to a generation of Americans, and policymakers should work to enable these changes, not stifle them. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-21-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-21-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-21-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-21-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide22" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-21" alt="Caterers, Photographers, Movers, Wedding Officia Personal Trainers, Academic Tutors, Landscapers, H House Cleaners, Music Teachers, Dog Trainers, We Massage Therapists, Accountants, Blacksmiths, Live Recruiters, Attorneys, Florists, Counselors, Bodygua General Contractors, Organizers, Life Coaches, Pe Thumbtack is a service that connects consumers to skilled professionals who can help them do personal projects. Service providers in more than 1,100 categories use Thumbtack to bid on leads for projects ranging from plumbing to wedding planning, piano lessons to legal representation. Thumbtack sends over a billion dollars in new business to professionals across the country every year. In contrast to firms that offer commoditized tasks “on demand,” Thumbtack connects consumers to established small businesses and skilled professionals that can complete complex projects. Thumbtack’s network of over 200,000 active professionals across the United States largely reflects the demographic makeup of small business ownership nationwide, allowing us to provide unique insights into how independent workers are using the Internet to find new business and what challenges they face in working for themselves. Who uses Thumbtack? Contact info press@thumbtack.com 360 9th Street San Francisco, CA " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-22-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-22-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-22-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-22-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide23" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-22" alt="23Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 Appendix A 1. San Francisco, CA 2. Chicago, IL 3. Nashville, TN 4. Boston, MA 5. Las Vegas, NV 6. Seattle, WA 7. Washington, D.C. 8. Los Angeles, CA 9. San Diego, CA 10. Denver, CO 11. San Jose, CA 12. Portland, OR 13. New York, NY 14. Pittsburgh, PA 15. Philadelphia, PA 16. Charlotte, NC 17. Miami, FL 18. Indianapolis, IN 19. Sacramento, CA 20. Milwaukee, WI 21. Columbus, OH 22. Baltimore, MD 23. Houston, TX 24. New Orleans, LA 25. Tampa, FL 26. Cleveland, OH 27. Memphis, TN 28. Minneapolis, MN 29. Phoenix, AZ 30. Buffalo, NY 31. Richmond, VA 32. Providence, RI 33. Detroit, MI 34. Dallas, TX 35. Riverside, CA 36. Virginia Beach, VA 37. Hartford, CT 38. Austin, TX 39. Atlanta, GA 40. Kansas City, MO 41. Orlando, FL 42. Oklahoma City, OK 43. Cincinnati, OH 44. St. Louis, MO Top Large Cities (1m+ population) Top Mid-Sized Cities (100k – 1m pop.) 1. Palm Bay, FL 2. Madison, WI 3. Raleigh, NC 4. Ann Arbor, MI 5. Charlottesville, VA 6. Champaign, IL 7. Durham, NC 8. Lexington, KY 9. Fort Collins, CO 10. Omaha, NE 11. Charleston, SC 12. Salt Lake City, UT 13. Syracuse, NY 14. Gainesville, FL 15. Lansing, MI 16. Santa Barbara, CA 17. Lincoln, NE 18. Wilmington, NC 19. San Luis Obispo, CA 20. Santa Rosa, CA 21. Colorado Springs, CO 22. Rochester, NY 23. Tallahassee, FL 24. Albuquerque, NM 25. Knoxville, TN 26. Reno, NV 27. Tucson, AZ 28. Des Moines, IA 29. Kalamazoo, MI 30. Eugene, OR 31. Santa Cruz, CA 32. Columbia, SC 33. North Port, FL 34. Spokane, WA 35. Albany, NY 36. Tulsa, OK 37. Bridgeport, CT 38. Birmingham, AL 39. Fayetteville, AR 40. Asheville, NC 41. Greensboro, NC 42. Huntsville, AL 43. Fresno, CA 44. Toledo, OH 45. New Haven, CT 46. Oxnard, CA 47. Akron, OH 48. Honolulu, HI 49. Boise City, ID 50. Portland, ME 51. Manchester, NH 52. Worcester, MA 53. Baton Rouge, LA 54. Chattanooga, TN 55. Vallejo, CA 56. Allentown, PA 57. Stockton, CA 58. Deltona, FL 59. Greenville, SC 60. Springfield, MA 61. Harrisburg, PA 62. Lancaster, PA 63. Bakersfield, CA 64. Dayton, OH 65. El Paso, TX 66. Little Rock, AR Cities with the Highest Rates of Per Capita Adoption of Digital Platforms Data based on dispersion of Twitter followers by location; collected February 2016 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-23-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-23-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-23-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-23-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide24" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:612 / 792" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-23" alt="24Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016 1. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Unemployment rates by educational attainment in April 2015 on the Internet 2. Autor, David. “The Polarization of Job Opportunities in the U.S. Labor Market,” The Hamilton Project (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 3. Dvorkin, Maximiliano. “Jobs Involving Routine Tasks Aren’t Growing,” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 4. Fuscalso, Donna. “High-Ranked Schools Churning Out High Earners – But Does It Matter?” Education News (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 5. McAfee, Andrew. “Stop Requiring College Degrees,” Harvard Business Review (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 6. Cosco, Joey. “Airbnb’s CEO Explains His Company in a Way Stephen Colbert Can Understand,” Business Insider (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 7. Stewart, Ian; De, Debapratim; Cole, Alex. “Technology and People: The Great Job- Creating Machine,” Deloitte (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 8. Plouffe, David. “Uber and the American Worker.” Medium (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 9. “Transcript: Nightly Business Report – July 2, 2015,” Nightly Business Report (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 10. Chriss, Alex. “Data Sheds New Light on the On-Demand Economy – A New Era for the Self- Employed,” Medium (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 11. Carson, Biz. “Why There’s a Good Chance Your Uber Driver is New,” Business Insider (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 12. Frey, Carl; Osborne, Michael. “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs To Computerisation?” (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 13. Mohan, Pavithra. “Why Uber CEO Travis Kalanick Is Betting Big On Self-Driving Cars.” Fast Company (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 14. Hawkins, Andrew. “GM Is Investing $500 Million in Lyft to Develop Self-Driving Cars,” The Verge (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 15. Harris, Seth; Kruegar, Alan. “A Proposal for Modernizing Labor Laws for Twenty-First Century Work: The “Independent Worker,” (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 16. “Worldwide, 13% of Employees Are Engaged at Work,” Gallup (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 17. Lieber, Jon. “How Local Governments Are Helping – and Hurting – Small Businesses” (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 18. Zients, Jeffrey. “Expanding Apprenticeships to Invest in American Workers,” The White House (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). Appendix B Sources and Additional Reading " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-24-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-24-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/75/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-24-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017/85/Beyond-the-Gig-Economy-24-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="RelatedContent_root__29Np1"><div class="RelatedContent_wrapper__riU7l"><h2 class="Heading_heading__3MAvZ Heading_h2__f9yvs RelatedContent_title__QUhpL">More Related Content</h2><div></div><div></div><div id="between-recs-ad-1-container" class="freestar-ad-container FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_" style="--fallback-aspect-ratio:undefined / undefined"><div><div class="" id="between-recs-ad-1"></div></div></div><div></div><div id="between-recs-ad-2-container" class="freestar-ad-container FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_" style="--fallback-aspect-ratio:undefined / undefined"><div><div class="" id="between-recs-ad-2"></div></div></div><div></div></div></div><div class="Transcript_root__Vrf6Q"><h2 class="Transcript_title__YgAka"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/file.5db1ba24.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span>Beyond the Gig Economy</h2><div><ul class="Transcript_list__faItj"><div><li>1. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#1">Beyond the Gig </a> Economy How New Technologies Are Reshaping the Future of Work | 2016 By Jon Lieber, Chief Economist, Thumbtack and Lucas Puente, Economic Analyst, Thumbtack </li></div><div><li>2. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#2">2Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 Executive Summary Long-run economic trends and new technologies are pushing workers away from traditional employee-employer relationships and into self- employment. Thanks in part to advances in technology that have put smartphones in the pockets of millions of Americans, it has never been easier for an individual to go online and start earning income quickly and flexibly. But this new “gig economy” is not monolithic or static. It has different sectors, and the gig economy of on-demand, low-skilled, easily automated logistics or delivery services will not be around in 20 years. What will remain are skilled professionals. This report, Beyond the Gig Economy, draws from publicly available data as well as Thumbtack’s proprietary marketplace and survey data of tens of thousands of small businesses to show the variety of ways in which technology is enabling middle-class Americans to find economic opportunity with tools that have never previously been available to them. “There’s never been a better time to be a worker with special skills or the right education, because these people can use technology to create and capture value.” —Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee "The Second Machine Age" (2014) </li></div><div><li>3. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#3">3Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 • The gig economy as we know it will not last. In the past few years, analysts and reporters have obsessively focused on transportation technology platforms such as Uber and Lyft and delivery technology platforms such as Instacart and the workers needed for these on-demand services. This narrow focus on low-skilled “gigs” misses a larger story. These relatively commoditized, undifferentiated services are supplementing income, not generating middle-class lifestyles. Moreover, these tasks are overwhelmingly likely to be automated over time, performed by self- driving cars and drones. The gig economy, as currently understood, will cease to exist in 20 years. • What will persist is the skilled professional. These professionals are being empowered by technology and will not be replaced by it. They are not offering commodity services; they are offering specialized trades. They don’t have employers; they have clients with whom they develop business relationships. They aren’t looking to complete a short task as a side job; they are seeking full-time, but time-limited, projects. They aren’t climbing the corporate ladder or looking for employers they’ll have for 20 years; they are hunting down opportunities and customers week to week. • Skilled professionals are proliferating because online marketplaces are unlocking new opportunities—and customers. Skilled Professionals are turning to the Internet to build their client base and their businesses using online, cost-effective, performance- based platforms—such as Thumbtack and Etsy—that weren’t available 20 years ago. They make more on average, have higher job satisfaction, and do not need a college degree to earn a middle-class lifestyle. • To date, skills marketplaces have broader adoption than commodified platforms. Because they are leveraging the skills of an existing group of qualified professionals, these marketplaces have an automatic reach across the country. Commoditized platforms tend to be concentrated in metropolitan areas with large populations. Younger, tech- friendly cities and college towns have the highest adoption rates per capita of these platforms in the country. • Innovations that have revolutionized online retail and big business will galvanize skilled professionals and small business growth. Policy must support them too. Online tools such as Zenefits and Intuit have lowered the cost of resource-intensive, back-office tasks like running payroll and managing employee benefits. Policy changes such as the Affordable Care Act have partially decoupled health insurance from employers. To support independent workers—both skilled professionals and workers on gig platforms— policymakers need to look beyond the current controversy over worker classification and focus on policies and regulatory updates that will support skilled professionals. Key Findings With this new data, we can improve our understanding of how the digital economy is affecting the American labor market. We can also make a series of policy recommendations to help policymakers make it easier for their constituents to find skilled work online and succeed in this evolving labor market. </li></div><div><li>4. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#4">Jina Wilson Photographer since </a> 2010 Thumbtack pro since 2015 Location: Atlanta, GA PROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT 4 Photograph by Rose Limb ˮOwning my own business has changed my life drastically. I am committed to bringing my clients the best service possible, and Thumbtack is my business partner.ˮ </li></div><div><li>5. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#5">5Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 6.5% 15.1% < High school diploma 2014 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 4.2% 10.2% High school, no college 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 3.5% 8.1% Some college 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2% 4.8% College diploma + Unemployment Rates by Education Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics The Labor Force Has Changed over the Past 50 Years Changes in the labor force over the past 50 years have vastly affected Americans’ working lives, from the types of companies they join to the types of skills they invest in to ensure long-term financial security. Advances in communication, travel, and automation have created a global labor market, opening American workers to competition that didn’t exist in the 1950s and 60s. Increasingly sophisticated machines are moving up the skills ladder to take on routine tasks that were previously done by humans. Jobs that were considered secure a generation ago are not even available to American workers in large numbers anymore, and workers without a college degree have been most affected by these changes. Three important changes have arisen as a result of these shifts: 1) investing in a specialized skill has become more important, 2) while training is more important than ever, college isn’t necessarily the answer, and 3) firms are going to become less important as workers are increasingly empowered to work for themselves. </li></div><div><li>6. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#6">6Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 The Rise of the Skilled Class The changes in the labor force in the past 50 years are well-documented and well-known. As economist David Autor has explained, routine tasks have increasingly been performed by lower-paid workers or by machines, and abstract, nonroutine jobs are rewarding those trained to perform them with higher incomes and better job prospects. Skilled professionals—those with the know-how to do a specialized job in any circumstance—are the middle class of the future These non-routine, cognitively-intensive jobs are often thought to be highly educated white collar work, but they are not limited to doctors and computer programmers. Skilled labor jobs may not pay as well as professions that require years of higher education, but they have the advantage of being difficult to outsource and resistant to automation: You can’t hire a remote worker to replace your windows, and a robot is a long way from being able to repair your plumbing. Employment in routine vs. non routine jobs has diverged since 2001 20142001 2004 2007 2011 24% 32% -8% -10%Routine Cognitive Routine Manual Nonroutine Manual Nonroutine Cognitive Percentage of growth Source: Maximiliano Dvorkin, of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis </li></div><div><li>7. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#7">7Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 The Only Barrier to Joining the Skilled Class Is Your Skill The conventional wisdom for the last 50 years is that a college education has been the way to break into the middle class and find a secure career path. And it is true that college graduates still tend to have lower unemployment rates. But in another way, college has never been less important. Skilled professionals don’t have employers, they have clients. They aren’t applying for jobs they expect to have for the next 20 years, they are hunting down opportunities week to week. And while a college degree can still provide an effective signal of a worker’s quality, it’s no longer the best gauge of what’s most important to clients: the ability to execute on a well-developed skill set or complete a complex project. The signal provided by a four-year degree is weaker than ever as directories like Yelp, repositories like GitHub, and skill-assessment tools like Knack are now providing consumers with more accurate methods for evaluating the skills they are looking for. Technology Is Empowering the Skilled Class to Work for Themselves While economic trends are pushing workers away from traditional employee-employer relationships, technological trends are pulling them into self-employment by making it easier and cheaper than ever to make it as an independent worker. Online tools such as Zenefits and Intuit have lowered the cost of tasks such as running payroll and managing employee benefits. Policy changes such as the Affordable Care Act have partially decoupled health insurance from employers. New marketplaces use mobile technology to connect buyers and sellers, moving industries from the analog age into the digital age. And consumers now have the ability to browse reviews and samples of past work online, bringing transparency to an opaque market. “Rather than forcing full-time employment on on-demand work firms, we should instead pursue a policy direction that creates a comparable safety net for workers who are not full-time employees.” - Arun Sundararajan The Atlantic (2015) </li></div><div><li>8. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#8">Matthew Salazar Personal Chef </a> since 2014 Thumbtack pro since 2014 Location: Norcross, GA 8 “I love to cook for people, and I leave their homes knowing that I served some type of purpose that day. Thumbtack has helped me with my new business and because business is good, I spend more time with my lady and my daughter.” PROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT Photograph by Olya Grigorova </li></div><div><li>9. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#9">9Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 The Complexity of the Gig Economy: Beyond the Uber Driver Multiple platforms have arisen to help skilled professionals find work. These platforms have occasionally been lumped together under the moniker of the “gig economy,” which is designed to describe how the workers who use them are moving from gig to gig with no expectation of longer-term commitments. In general, this term has been applied to technologies that connect buyers and sellers across a range of services, from selling handcrafted goods to booking a wedding DJ. For buyers, this brings unprecedented ease and convenience to help get things done. For sellers, these platforms are helping solve their biggest issue: finding new clients (see page 17). Labeling these new ways of finding work as being part of one gargantuan “gig economy” is a helpful shortcut that unfortunately glosses over two realities: A large class of American workers have always worked gig to gig, and crucial distinctions exist between “gig” platforms. Most commentary on this new way of working has focused on a very narrow section of platforms offering services that were cost- prohibitive for most people in the era before ubiquitous digital communication such as hailing a ride instantly while on the go or dispatching a courier to shop for a specific set of items. However, a different model of online platform connects existing skilled professionals to new consumers, fosters longer-term engagement, and can bring more stable work. We differentiate between these two services by calling them “commoditized platforms” and “marketplaces.” Skills Are Not a Commodity Commoditized platforms push a service provider to the buyer in the simplest possible way—often a single tap on a smartphone. Examples are hiring a driver on Lyft or finding someone to wait in line for you on TaskRabbit. These models work under two key conditions: The buyer is indifferent to the individual providing a service, and the task generally doesn’t require a high degree of specialization or skill on the part of the provider. By contrast, marketplaces add more value when a service is highly differentiated between providers, where a skilled professional may offer a different level of service or a different price point based on his or her own brand and the needs of the consumer. With the ability to choose who will be doing their project, consumers can optimize on the dimension(s) of their choice—such as price, quality, or availability—and ultimately be better off than in a world in which they have no choice as to the service provider. Examples of marketplaces include hiring a contractor on Thumbtack or buying a handicraft on Etsy. “The Internet enables a new generation of platforms that are reinventing many industries and the workforce in the process ... People are now able to transact with one another quickly, easily, and safely through these transaction-based networks.” - Simon Rothman, Partner, Greylock Partners Medium (2015) </li></div><div><li>10. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#10">10Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 COMMODITIZED PLATFORM Undifferentiated supply vs. Highly differentiated supply vs.Little or no control over rates charged Nearly complete control over rates charged vs.Operate under platform’s brand Operate under personal brand vs.Businesses exist only on platform or through nearly identical platform competitors Businesses exist on and off platform vs.Very little training or skill needed Generally require an investment in and demonstration of skill MARKETPLACE • Marketplaces leverage workers’ skills; commoditized platforms don’t. Because of the nature of the task being performed, workers using commoditized platforms are designed to be basically indistinguishable from one another. The inability for workers to differentiate themselves on the platform takes away their individual pricing power and leaves them at the mercy of the platform to set their per-task compensation. Conversely, those on marketplaces can distinguish themselves not just on price but on their quality and skill set. This allows them to operate under their own brands and expand their business as their reputation and resources allow. From the service provider’s perspective, commoditized platforms can provide steady access to new clients and offer very low barriers to entry. In some cases all you need is a means of transportation and a smartphone. But they come with considerable downsides that marketplaces do not. 45% of the businesses that operate on Thumbtack have been in business for five or more years. — Thumbtack Economic Sentiment Survey, November 2015 (18,000 professionals) </li></div><div><li>11. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#11">11Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 • Skills-based marketplaces allow businesses to grow. Commoditized platforms are not designed to support a career. By their own admission, commoditized platforms are much better at providing supplemental income than a full-time job. Uber emphasizes that half of its partners drive fewer than 10 hours per week. TaskRabbit says that 90 percent of its providers are using the platform to pay “one to three bills every single month.” Research from Intuit shows that the average worker on one of these platforms spends only 12 hours a week working for the primary platform he or she uses, and that only 5 percent of the people engaged in this work indicate it is their sole source of income. As Business Insider put it, many are “treating [driving on Uber and Lyft] like a summer job or a stop gap in a time of transition.” In contrast, two- thirds of service providers on Thumbtack, an example of a skilled marketplace, are running a business. • Commoditized platforms are more susceptible to automation. Because the consumer is relatively indifferent to whom is providing the service, and most services offered on commodity platforms are relatively routine, it is only a matter of time before technology catches up with the worker. An Oxford study found that professional drivers have an 89 percent chance of being automated in the near future. The two biggest driver platforms, Uber and Lyft—through investments in self- driving technology and partnerships with major automakers—are already actively preparing for this. While Postmates and other logistics startups are figuring out how to leverage humans who can deliver your food or your laundry, Amazon is actively preparing for the day when unmanned drones can deliver the same goods faster and cheaper. In contrast, a Deloitte study shows that skilled service jobs are among the fastest growing occupations in the last 25 years and have little chance of being automated away. One other significant difference between commoditized platforms and skilled marketplaces is that while marketplaces rely on skilled workers who are active in their professions offline, commoditized platforms are creating new ways of doing things that wouldn’t be possible without the platform. As a result, while marketplaces can launch everywhere at once, commoditized platforms have to build a labor force city by city and thus are slow to rollout to the whole country. To document this, we used Twitter data as a proxy for adoption rates in different markets, based on the theory that platforms with more followers on Twitter in a given area likely have more users and more service providers in that same area. This approach confirms that commoditized platforms are concentrated in the biggest markets, while marketplaces are being used across a much greater share of the country. “For most people, driving on Uber is not even a part-time job…it’s just driving an hour or two a day, here or there, to help pay the bills.” — David Plouffe, Uber Chief Advisor, (2015) </li></div><div><li>12. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#12">12Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 We use data from Alan Krueger and Seth Harris to identify 10 of the biggest digital marketplaces—six of which we classify as commoditized platforms and four of which we classify as marketplaces. Using this methodology, we find that commoditized platforms have, so far, been adopted in greater numbers but almost exclusively in major metropolitan areas. The maps below illustrate this point. The six commoditized platforms all have well over half of their followers in metropolitan areas with over 4 million residents, and 90 percent of their followers live in metro areas with over a million residents. Conversely, cloud-based marketplaces such as Mechanical Turk, Fiverr, Upwork and Thumbtack are significantly less concentrated in these major metropolitan areas and adoption is spread out over a much larger area of the country. Data based on dispersion of Twitter followers by location; collected February, 2016 Skills-Based Marketplaces Are More Widely Adopted Distribution of Workers on Skills-Based Marketplaces Percentage of followers outside a Top 12 Metro Percentage of followers outside a Top 12 Metro Distribution of Workers on Commoditized Platforms Mturk: 54.3% Fiverr: 53.6% Upwork: 49.2% Thumbtack: 48.6% Uber: 38.9% Taskrabbit: 29.1% Grubhub: 39.6 Handy: 22.9% Lyft: 40.4% Instacart: 22.3% </li></div><div><li>13. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#13">13Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 8 9 10 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 11 12 6 4 5 3 2 7 Using this methodology, we ranked the top cities according to digital platform adoption—the Top 20 are listed below. Dominating the list are large technology or business hubs and college towns. For a complete list broken out by large and mid-sized cities ranked by their adoption of digital platforms, see appendix A. Top Cities for Per-Capita Digital Marketplace Adoption 1. San Francisco, CA 2. Palm Bay, FL 3. Chicago, IL 4. Madison, WI 5. Nashville, TN 6. Raleigh, NC 7. Boston, MA 8. Ann Arbor, MI 9. Las Vegas, NV 10. Charlottesville, VA 11. Seattle, WA 12. Champaign, IL 13. Washington, DC 14. Los Angeles, CA 15. Durham, NC 16. San Diego, CA 17. Denver, CO 18. Lexington, KY 19. San Jose, CA 20. Fort Collins, CO Data based on dispersion of Twitter followers by location; collected February 2016 </li></div><div><li>14. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#14">14 Photograph by James </a> Dillard “I started offering private music lessons four years ago targeting clients through social media and Thumbtack. We’ve had so much success; we just opened our third location. I share my heart every day through my work and through the teachers I help train. What could be greater?” PROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT Brannon Littleton Music Teacher since 2011 Thumbtack pro since 2011 Location: Montgomery, AL </li></div><div><li>15. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#15">15Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 The Right Technology Will Empower the Worker of Tomorrow For those operating on a marketplace and offering skilled, not commoditized, services, the gig economy presents a range of opportunities. But who are these skilled professionals? Despite the outsized attention paid to so- called “gig” workers who are picking up side jobs online, it isn’t just new businesses or those offering side jobs who are finding work online. First, two-thirds of businesses on Thumbtack are running their primary business, and 79 percent are running a business that uses their specific professional skills, meaning they are trained to do this work full time. Nearly half of the businesses that operate on Thumbtack have been in business for five or more years. Second, these professionals are skilled. They are people who have trained to provide their service as their main occupation and source of income. Over 90 percent of professionals who find business on Thumbtack say they consider themselves “incredibly skilled in my profession.” Third, by empowering workers to leverage their unique skill set in a new online marketplace, these skilled professionals can achieve higher earnings and greater worker satisfaction, and grow their business more than they otherwise would. “The typical Thumbtack pro with only a high school education has a gross income of up to $20,000 more than the median high school graduate.” — Thumbtack Economic Sentiment Survey, January 2015 (8,000 professionals) </li></div><div><li>16. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#16">16Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 Thumbtack Pros Are Skilled Workers An overwhelming majority of professionals (84 percent) who find business on Thumbtack say they agree or strongly agree with the statement “I love what I do,” while a Gallup survey of the general working population found that only 29 percent of Americans said they were “engaged” at work. Fourth, digital marketplaces empower skilled professionals to expand and hire new workers. The most active small business owners on Thumbtack are 2.5 times more likely to report that their business has grown dramatically (more than 20 percent annually) than their otherwise similar counterparts. According to Pew, there are 14.6 million self-employed individuals providing jobs for 29.4 million workers, accounting for three-in-ten U.S. jobs. One-in-four self-employed people report that they are employers with a median of three employees and an average of 8.6. Finally, online marketplaces are efficient for small businesses constantly looking for new customers (see page 17). According to a survey we conducted of 5,000 small businesses, online paid marketing is more than four times more cost-effective in delivering new customers for small businesses than offline paid marketing and, within the world of online paid marketing, performance-based marketing (e.g., AdWords and Thumbtack) is 2.5 times more cost-effective than directories (e.g., Yelp and Angie’s List). Wedding Photographer Wedding Officiant Personal Trainer Math Tutor Massage Therapist Mover Gardener House Cleaner Guitar Teacher General Contractor Dog Trainer Caterer Thumbtack pros responses to the statement: “I consider myself incredibly skilled in my profession” STRONGLY AGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE Source: Thumbtack survey, June 2015 (5,000 professionals) </li></div><div><li>17. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#17">17Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 Acquiring new customers is skilled professionals’ single biggest challenge. Half of small business owners on Thumbtack report that acquiring new customers is a challenge, and 35 percent indicate that it is their most challenging problem. The challenge is so big that 80 percent of service professionals are attempting to find new customers at least once a week, and most are looking every day. The Challenge of Working for Yourself What problems do you face in business today? 51% Acquiring customers 19% Healthcare costs 13% Competition from big business 9% Inflation 42% Competition from other small businesses 17% Taxes 12% Poor sales 8% Complying with regulations 28% Uncertain economic conditions 16% Consumer confidence 9% Other 20% Access to credit 16% Cost/Quality of labor How often do local service professionals seek new customers? 3% Specific time of year 1% Annually 4% Rarely 17.5% Once a week 8% Once a month 4.5% Every few months 61% Daily Being an independent business owner means competing against large businesses, which increasingly have access to economies of scale and efficiencies that small businesses can’t take advantage of. 17 Source: Thumbtack survey, June 2015 (5,000 professionals) Source: Thumbtack Economic Sentiment Survey, November 2015 (18,000 professionals) </li></div><div><li>18. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#18">18Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 of Thumbtack pros love what they do 84% 29% of the general American population is engaged at work Running a business isn’t easy, but it is rewarding. People love working for themselves: 84 percent of professionals who find business on Thumbtack say they agree or strongly agree with the statement “I love what I do.” In contrast, a Gallup survey of the general working population found that only 29 percent of Americans said they were “engaged” at work. vs. 18 Source: Gallup Organization; Thumbtack survey, June 2015 (5,000 professionals) The Opportunity of Working for Yourself </li></div><div><li>19. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#19">19 “Being independent is </a> always scary to some degree, but thanks to Thumbtack delivering clients, my practice is stable enough now that I never have to look for a job again. I am engaged on a deep level with my clients and that gives me tremendous satisfaction. ” PROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT Sandra Nutt Attorney since 2009 Thumbtack pro since 2010 Location: Van Nuys, CA Photograph by Felipe Osorio </li></div><div><li>20. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#20">20Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 What Can Policymakers Do to Support Independent Workers? Local and regional governments invest a lot in developing industrial strategies that will attract large employers to their area with attractive packages of tax incentives and educated workers. But not every area will be well-positioned to attract this type of employer, and even areas that are successful in attracting high-skill, high-wage jobs will need to support the small businesses providing services to these workers. As the costs of working for oneself continue to drop, opportunities for this kind of work will expand. Areas that empower individuals to work for themselves provide them with greater opportunities to find alternatives to traditional work and give them more opportunities to weather economic downturns. Steps that policymakers can do to support this class of independent worker include: Minimize regulatory barriers at the local level • Regulatory barriers such as overly burdensome or poorly enforced professional licensing rules are a barrier to entry for many professions and should exist only to the bare minimum necessary to protect consumers in fields such as electrical work or plumbing where low-quality service providers present a danger to their clients. Invest in developing skills outside of educational institutions • Offering vocational training provides low-cost opportunities for workers to develop an in- demand skill to serve their community. • Research has shown that apprenticeships frequently end in employment for the apprentice with a relatively high wage. Connecting micro- businesses to apprentices and providing support for on-the-job skill training could help Skilled Professionals grow their businesses and provide opportunities for young people who can’t afford a more formal education. Strengthen the social safety net • Working for oneself means flexibility but also risk—many self-employed individuals lack benefits or access to a social safety net that was built around full-time employment. • Detaching the social safety net from employment would encourage more people to work for themselves and would provide valuable social insurance to people who take risks to create jobs. • Allow employers who don’t or can’t offer retirement plans to make tax-free contributions to individual retirement accounts. • Create tax-preferred savings accounts to enable workers to save income for emergencies or time off. When it comes to taxes, focus on reducing burden of compliance • For small businesses operating with thin margins, the burden of tax compliance matters more than the actual tax rate. • Thumbtack’s Small Business Friendliness Survey has consistently found that tax complexity matters more than the tax rate to small business owners when evaluating the friendliness of their city or state. Simplifying compliance by making sure rules are clear, penalties are fair, and remittances are as painless as possible would help foster a friendlier environment for skilled professionals. </li></div><div><li>21. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#21">21Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 Conclusion The rise of the so-called “gig economy” is a confluence of some very old trends—the desire to be one’s own boss—and very new ones, including the ubiquity of smartphones and a growing comfort with purchasing goods and services online. While the most visible aspects of the gig economy are high-profile logistics companies that deal in driving people and delivering goods, over time these tasks are very likely to be automated. What will endure is a segment of the economy that has always worked gig to gig: the skilled professionals. These are skilled service providers and creators who are empowered by digital marketplaces to reach new clients more quickly and cheaply than any offline opportunity. These skilled professionals report high degrees of job satisfaction and are using the opportunities they find online to earn more, build an enduring business, and create jobs. About the Authors Jon Lieber Lucas Puente Lucas Puente is the Economic Analyst at Thumbtack, where he studies Thumbtack's marketplace dynamics and the policy challenges facing small service businesses. He has a master's degree and Ph.D. from Stanford University and is a graduate of the University of Georgia. Jon Lieber is Thumbtack's Chief Economist and head of policy research, studying trends in the labor market, entrepreneurship, and the small business economy. He has spent over a decade in Washington, D.C.,advising policymakers on economic policy, and currently serves as a board member for the Center for American Entrepreneurship, a research organization dedicated to improving the environment for startups and entrepreneurs. Especially important, empowering these skilled professionals could contribute to a turnaround in small business starts and offer a wider avenue for people to enter the middle class. Policy debates about the gig economy need to move beyond arguments about worker classification issues that only affect a narrow group of workers and focus instead on how we can nurture the creation and growth of more skilled professionals. For the foreseeable future, the vast majority of workers will continue to look for and find full- time work with a single employer. But for workers who want more flexibility, it has never been cheaper or easier to start finding jobs or clients as a free agent. These trends have the potential to reshape the opportunities available to a generation of Americans, and policymakers should work to enable these changes, not stifle them. </li></div><div><li>22. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#22">Caterers, Photographers, Movers, </a> Wedding Officia Personal Trainers, Academic Tutors, Landscapers, H House Cleaners, Music Teachers, Dog Trainers, We Massage Therapists, Accountants, Blacksmiths, Live Recruiters, Attorneys, Florists, Counselors, Bodygua General Contractors, Organizers, Life Coaches, Pe Thumbtack is a service that connects consumers to skilled professionals who can help them do personal projects. Service providers in more than 1,100 categories use Thumbtack to bid on leads for projects ranging from plumbing to wedding planning, piano lessons to legal representation. Thumbtack sends over a billion dollars in new business to professionals across the country every year. In contrast to firms that offer commoditized tasks “on demand,” Thumbtack connects consumers to established small businesses and skilled professionals that can complete complex projects. Thumbtack’s network of over 200,000 active professionals across the United States largely reflects the demographic makeup of small business ownership nationwide, allowing us to provide unique insights into how independent workers are using the Internet to find new business and what challenges they face in working for themselves. Who uses Thumbtack? Contact info press@thumbtack.com 360 9th Street San Francisco, CA </li></div><div><li>23. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#23">23Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 Appendix A 1. San Francisco, CA 2. Chicago, IL 3. Nashville, TN 4. Boston, MA 5. Las Vegas, NV 6. Seattle, WA 7. Washington, D.C. 8. Los Angeles, CA 9. San Diego, CA 10. Denver, CO 11. San Jose, CA 12. Portland, OR 13. New York, NY 14. Pittsburgh, PA 15. Philadelphia, PA 16. Charlotte, NC 17. Miami, FL 18. Indianapolis, IN 19. Sacramento, CA 20. Milwaukee, WI 21. Columbus, OH 22. Baltimore, MD 23. Houston, TX 24. New Orleans, LA 25. Tampa, FL 26. Cleveland, OH 27. Memphis, TN 28. Minneapolis, MN 29. Phoenix, AZ 30. Buffalo, NY 31. Richmond, VA 32. Providence, RI 33. Detroit, MI 34. Dallas, TX 35. Riverside, CA 36. Virginia Beach, VA 37. Hartford, CT 38. Austin, TX 39. Atlanta, GA 40. Kansas City, MO 41. Orlando, FL 42. Oklahoma City, OK 43. Cincinnati, OH 44. St. Louis, MO Top Large Cities (1m+ population) Top Mid-Sized Cities (100k – 1m pop.) 1. Palm Bay, FL 2. Madison, WI 3. Raleigh, NC 4. Ann Arbor, MI 5. Charlottesville, VA 6. Champaign, IL 7. Durham, NC 8. Lexington, KY 9. Fort Collins, CO 10. Omaha, NE 11. Charleston, SC 12. Salt Lake City, UT 13. Syracuse, NY 14. Gainesville, FL 15. Lansing, MI 16. Santa Barbara, CA 17. Lincoln, NE 18. Wilmington, NC 19. San Luis Obispo, CA 20. Santa Rosa, CA 21. Colorado Springs, CO 22. Rochester, NY 23. Tallahassee, FL 24. Albuquerque, NM 25. Knoxville, TN 26. Reno, NV 27. Tucson, AZ 28. Des Moines, IA 29. Kalamazoo, MI 30. Eugene, OR 31. Santa Cruz, CA 32. Columbia, SC 33. North Port, FL 34. Spokane, WA 35. Albany, NY 36. Tulsa, OK 37. Bridgeport, CT 38. Birmingham, AL 39. Fayetteville, AR 40. Asheville, NC 41. Greensboro, NC 42. Huntsville, AL 43. Fresno, CA 44. Toledo, OH 45. New Haven, CT 46. Oxnard, CA 47. Akron, OH 48. Honolulu, HI 49. Boise City, ID 50. Portland, ME 51. Manchester, NH 52. Worcester, MA 53. Baton Rouge, LA 54. Chattanooga, TN 55. Vallejo, CA 56. Allentown, PA 57. Stockton, CA 58. Deltona, FL 59. Greenville, SC 60. Springfield, MA 61. Harrisburg, PA 62. Lancaster, PA 63. Bakersfield, CA 64. Dayton, OH 65. El Paso, TX 66. Little Rock, AR Cities with the Highest Rates of Per Capita Adoption of Digital Platforms Data based on dispersion of Twitter followers by location; collected February 2016 </li></div><div><li>24. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626#24">24Beyond the Gig </a> Economy | 2016 1. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Unemployment rates by educational attainment in April 2015 on the Internet 2. Autor, David. “The Polarization of Job Opportunities in the U.S. Labor Market,” The Hamilton Project (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 3. Dvorkin, Maximiliano. “Jobs Involving Routine Tasks Aren’t Growing,” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 4. Fuscalso, Donna. “High-Ranked Schools Churning Out High Earners – But Does It Matter?” Education News (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 5. McAfee, Andrew. “Stop Requiring College Degrees,” Harvard Business Review (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 6. Cosco, Joey. “Airbnb’s CEO Explains His Company in a Way Stephen Colbert Can Understand,” Business Insider (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 7. Stewart, Ian; De, Debapratim; Cole, Alex. “Technology and People: The Great Job- Creating Machine,” Deloitte (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 8. Plouffe, David. “Uber and the American Worker.” Medium (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 9. “Transcript: Nightly Business Report – July 2, 2015,” Nightly Business Report (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 10. Chriss, Alex. “Data Sheds New Light on the On-Demand Economy – A New Era for the Self- Employed,” Medium (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 11. Carson, Biz. “Why There’s a Good Chance Your Uber Driver is New,” Business Insider (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 12. Frey, Carl; Osborne, Michael. “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs To Computerisation?” (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 13. Mohan, Pavithra. “Why Uber CEO Travis Kalanick Is Betting Big On Self-Driving Cars.” Fast Company (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 14. Hawkins, Andrew. “GM Is Investing $500 Million in Lyft to Develop Self-Driving Cars,” The Verge (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 15. Harris, Seth; Kruegar, Alan. “A Proposal for Modernizing Labor Laws for Twenty-First Century Work: The “Independent Worker,” (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 16. “Worldwide, 13% of Employees Are Engaged at Work,” Gallup (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 17. Lieber, Jon. “How Local Governments Are Helping – and Hurting – Small Businesses” (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). 18. Zients, Jeffrey. “Expanding Apprenticeships to Invest in American Workers,” The White House (accessed Feb. 12, 2016). Appendix B Sources and Additional Reading </li></div></ul></div></div><div class="actions-menu-container ActionsMenu_root__4k507" data-cy="actions-menu-mobile"><div class="Tooltip_triggerWrapper___S2HG"><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi save-button" data-testid="button" aria-label="actions.save" data-saved="false" data-cy="loggedout-save-slideshow-button"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv SaveLoggedOut_icon__ny9X2" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button></div><button type="button" class="unstyled-button more-button MoreDropdownButton_trigger__x7wGs" aria-label="More options" data-cy="more-options-icon" data-testid="ellipsis"><div class="Tooltip_triggerWrapper___S2HG"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv 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There will be less NFT speculation. Fewer moon fumes.\nI will probably spend more time in this report deconstructing crypto policy than you would like, but I’ll make fun of important people along the way to keep it zippy.\nOnce again, this beast took me 200 hours to write. That’s a lot, but it’s also down about 20% from last year. I thank the Messari analyst team for those cost savings. They write good stuff daily for Messari Pro subscribers, and you should sign up. If you’re an institution or crypto startup, stop missing key insights: our Enterprise-level offering give your company the research and data tools you need to save more time, energy, and long-term compliance costs on day-to-day crypto work.\nIn 2022, Messari tripled our team size and revenue in a down market. We closed a Series B, launched several new products (Asset Intelligence, Protocol Metrics, Data Apps), and doubled the size of Main- net 2022 in NYC. We’re still hiring. 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Of the 800+ private companies in the world that are now valued at more than $1 billion, we hit a new milestone this year: 150 of today’s unicorns are part of the cloud economy.\r\n\r\nAt SaaStr Annual 2021, Byron Deeter, Mary D’Onofrio, and Elliott Robinson share a state of the cloud economy, tactical lessons and case studies for early-stage founders, private market analysis, alongside key predictions and trends driving innovation around the globe.","tags":["cloud","cloud computing","how to build a unicorn"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/BessemerVP/how-to-build-a-cloud-unicorn","userLogin":"BessemerVP","userName":"Bessemer Venture Partners","viewCount":7116},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"A Step-by-Step Guide To Digital Transformation","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":14,"score":0.522482,"slideshowId":"45738266","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"digital-transformation-45738266","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/digitaltransformation-150312012359-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The document provides guidance on delivering successful digital transformation through leadership. It emphasizes that leadership, not technology, delivers transformation. It outlines a step-by-step approach including developing a digital business strategy focused on customers and markets. It stresses the importance of culture, people alignment, education to fill skills gaps, and agile innovation to solve business challenges. 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In this detailed infographic we discuss the impact IoT will have on different parts of peoples lives.","tags":["innovation","economy","google"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/infographic-how-will-internet-of-things-iot-change-the-world-as-we-know-it/59306477","userLogin":"IQGroup","userName":"InterQuest Group","viewCount":194033},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"Introduction to Blockchain","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":22,"score":0.520066,"slideshowId":"64137775","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"introduction-to-blockchain","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/blockchainbriefingdeck-160718195201-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Blockchain is a new technology that allows for more secure and transparent transactions by recording them in distributed ledgers known as blockchains. 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Tens of thousands of GPUs working together in the cloud,” said Byron. “Our 2023 Cloud 100 applicants have never been stronger — proof that AI is the next horizon of cloud.” \n\nWhile our Cloud 100 Benchmarks act as an industry yardstick for best-in-class private cloud performance, this survey widens the aperture by more than 4x to assess performance of private cloud companies of every stage and scale. \n\nIn 35 charts, we visualize the quantitative and qualitative trends moving the private cloud industry across 23 countries and 114 cities.\n\nFive cloud industry insights for 2023\n\nThe top five cloud companies voted most likely to IPO next are Stripe, Databricks, Canva, Klavyio, and Snyk.\n\nSan Francisco is the cloud industry epicenter in terms of headquarters and hiring: 52% of cloud companies reside in California, with 21% of companies headquartered in San Francisco. \n\nAI has already taken over SaaS: By the end of the year, 86% of cloud companies surveyed will have an AI-driven feature.\n\nCloud leaders ranked setting competitive differentiation in the product and go-to-market strategy as the biggest challenge facing their companies. Driving profitable growth was ranked as the leading objective whereas fundraising was ranked one of the lowest priorities for 2023.\n\nCloud companies are still well funded: A majority of surveyed cloud companies have raised over $100 million or more in total funding. More than half of the surveyed companies have less than $50 million on the balance sheet, whereas almost a third have $100 million or more. 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CLP","viewCount":215},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"Tipalti pitch deck","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":15,"score":0.5173,"slideshowId":"249125740","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"tipalti-pitch-deck","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/untitledpresentation-210607090933-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Tipalti pitch deck","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/tipalti-pitch-deck/249125740","userLogin":"TechinAsia","userName":"Tech in Asia","viewCount":1305}],"alsoLiked":[{"algorithmId":"21","displayTitle":"Gig Economy - reshaping the future of work","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":17,"score":0,"slideshowId":"59716823","sourceName":"li_interact","strippedTitle":"gig-economy-reshaping-the-future-of-work","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/btgeslides-final-160316210002-160318082603-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"If you have heard about the gig economy so you will care about in the future they are, so read some brief info in here ...","tags":["economy","online","new economy"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/gig-economy-reshaping-the-future-of-work/59716823","userLogin":"tuananguyen716","userName":"Tuan Anh Nguyen","viewCount":3071},{"algorithmId":"21","displayTitle":"The gig economy and the future of work","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":25,"score":0,"slideshowId":"64006594","sourceName":"li_interact","strippedTitle":"the-gig-economy-and-the-future-of-work-64006594","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thegigeconomyandthefutureofwork-160713225023-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The document discusses the gig economy and its characteristics. 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The fear of public speaking ranks high among the most common phobias, and for good reason: most of us approach the situation with the wrong mindset, which in turn makes us live out our worst fears in a public forum.\r\n\r\nAs Michael Parker notes in IT’S NOT WHAT YOU SAY: How to Sell Your Message When It Matters Most (A TarcherPerigee paperback; on sale January 2016), our fixation on the content of our words – and not the presentation of ourselves – is what brings us down. Once the Vice-Chairman of London’s Saatchi \u0026 Saatchi, and one of the world’s most experienced advertising pitch men, having made more than 1,000 pitches in his successful career, Parker has learned first-hand that an effective presentation, a job interview, or even a speech at a wedding hinges on our ability to portray ourselves as passionate, relatable, and collected. 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Platforms win by owning their ecosystem, monitoring it for valuable resources, leveraging user data, acquiring companies built on their platform, monitoring adjacent areas, and having superior technological design. Some markets become \"winner-take-all\" where network effects drive users to a single dominant platform. 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","tags":["a16z","mobile","software is eating the world"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/mobile-is-eating-the-world-40841467/40841467","userLogin":"a16z","userName":"a16z","viewCount":906966},{"algorithmId":"21","displayTitle":"Culture Code: Creating a Company You Love","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":27,"score":0,"slideshowId":"17069257","sourceName":"li_interact","strippedTitle":"culture-code-creating-a-company-you-love","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/sxsw-lean-startup-2013-dharmesh-v3-130309161433-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The document discusses the importance of creating a strong culture for a startup company. It notes that while many startups don't focus on culture, leaving it to develop haphazardly, culture actually plays a crucial role in a company's success by determining the types of people it attracts and retains. 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It has grown significantly in both developed and developing countries like India. \n- In India, around 20-30% of workers are estimated to be involved in freelancing/independent work. Software and IT are major fields in the Indian gig economy.\n- Benefits include flexibility and autonomy for workers, lower costs for companies, and opportunities for specialization. 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Key points include: demographic shifts like aging populations will change work and retirement expectations; new technologies will both create new jobs and replace existing ones, especially information-rich repetitive jobs; and organizations will need to adapt through more flexible project-based work and lifelong reskilling and upskilling of workers. Governments will need to consider policies to support workers through these changes, such as financing retraining, rethinking pensions, and potentially implementing universal basic incomes.","tags":["future agenda","future of business","big data"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/future-of-work-nov-2018-lr/122568618","userLogin":"futureagenda2","userName":"Future Agenda","viewCount":1745},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"Latest trends in hr 2020 - pexitics (people excellence indicator analytics)","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":8,"score":0.5488,"slideshowId":"209614480","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"latest-trends-in-hr-2020-pexitics-people-excellence-indicator-analytics-209614480","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/latesttrendsinhr-2020-pexiticspeopleexcellenceindicatoranalytics-191223131102-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Top Trends in HR and People Management 2020 – The Surge of the Gig economy\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n2020 is set to be a momentous year. We , at Pexitics (People Excellence Indicator Analytics) bring to you the important trends in the way People Management will evolve in the near future. \r\n","tags":["hr","hrm","hr analytics"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/latest-trends-in-hr-2020-pexitics-people-excellence-indicator-analytics-209614480/209614480","userLogin":"subhashinitripathi","userName":"Subhashini S Tripathi","viewCount":122},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"Beyond the Gig Economy: How New Technologies Are Reshaping the Future of Work","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":17,"score":0.5454,"slideshowId":"59652121","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"beyond-the-gig-economy-how-new-technologies-are-reshaping-the-future-of-work","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/btgeslides-final-160316210002-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The document discusses how new technologies are reshaping the future of work. 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The document discusses both the positive and negative impacts of technology on employment. It notes that while some traditional jobs will become redundant, technological innovations can also create new jobs and increase productivity and economic growth. However, workers may need to continuously update their skills to stay employed as tasks and roles change. Sectors like transportation, ecommerce, and financial services will experience significant transformations due to advances in artificial intelligence.","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/group-discussion-on-impact-of-technology-on-jobs/232780436","userLogin":"TODAYHIGHLIGHTS","userName":"TODAYHIGHLIGHTS","viewCount":3831},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"a National Skill Development Model for India","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":17,"score":0.5428,"slideshowId":"214761007","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"a-national-skill-development-model-for-india","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/nsdmreportv2pdf-200103143945-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"An integrating framework that reconciles the gaps of supply and demand side initiatives and fuses together numerous GOI programs is the need of the hour. Model of such a framework is proposed here.\r\n( Tasc One members are Parasuram Balasubramanian, Padmanabhan Jayasimha, T.R. Sankaranarayanan and Hariharan Shankar. All are alumni of IIT Madras)\r\n\r\nAn abridged version of this article was published in \"Report: IITMAA Sangam 2019 - Reimagining India in 2030\"","tags":["make in india","skill development agencies","skill development effectiveness"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/a-national-skill-development-model-for-india/214761007","userLogin":"ParasuramBalasubrama","userName":"Parasuram Balasubramanian","viewCount":244},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"Uga presentation","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":36,"score":0.5425,"slideshowId":"234969107","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"uga-presentation-234969107","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ugapresentation3-200604061222-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"This document summarizes a presentation on how work will change in a post-COVID world. It discusses how the pandemic has accelerated digital transformation and remote work. Companies are focusing on innovation, agility, and constant reskilling of employees. For workers, qualities like resilience, adaptability, continuous learning, and having a strong virtual presence will be important in the future. Graduates may find more opportunities in areas like e-commerce, remote work, and entrepreneurship.","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/uga-presentation-234969107/234969107","userLogin":"AngelikiSakellaropou1","userName":"Angeliki Sakellaropoulou","viewCount":314},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"Uga presentation (1)","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":36,"score":0.5425,"slideshowId":"234968736","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"uga-presentation-1","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ugapresentation1-200604060907-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"This document summarizes a presentation on how work will change in a post-COVID world. It discusses how the pandemic has accelerated various trends, such as the growth of remote work and e-commerce. Recent graduates may face higher unemployment or need to accept lower-paying jobs. However, times of crisis can also create opportunities for career development and entrepreneurship. The presentation advises companies to focus on innovation, agility, and reskilling. Individuals are encouraged to develop skills in resilience, continuous learning, self-driven entrepreneurship, virtual networking, and adapting to new environments.","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/uga-presentation-1/234968736","userLogin":"AngelikiSakellaropou1","userName":"Angeliki Sakellaropoulou","viewCount":78},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"How Technology Wrecks the Middle Class By DAVID H. AUT.docx","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":77,"score":0.5395,"slideshowId":"253590517","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"how-technology-wrecks-the-middle-class-by-david-h-autdocx","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/howtechnologywrecksthemiddleclassbydavidh-221015025206-1836091a-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"How Technology Wrecks the Middle Class \n\nBy DAVID H. AUTOR AND DAVID DORN \n\nAugust 24, 2013 2:35 pm \n\n\n \nRobot arms welded a vehicle on the assembly line at a General Motors plant in Lansing, Mich., in 2010.Credit Bill Pugliano/Getty Images \n\n\n\nIn the four years since the Great Recession officially ended, the productivity of American workers — those \n\nlucky enough to have jobs — has risen smartly. But the United States still has two million fewer jobs than \n\nbefore the downturn, the unemployment rate is stuck at levels not seen since the early 1990s and the proportion \n\nof adults who are working is four percentage points off its peak in 2000. \n\nThis job drought has spurred pundits to wonder whether a profound employment sickness has overtaken us. \n\nAnd from there, it’s only a short leap to ask whether that illness isn’t productivity itself. Have we mechanized \n\nand computerized ourselves into obsolescence? \n\nAre we in danger of losing the “race against the machine,” as the M.I.T. scholars Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew \n\nMcAfee argue in a recent book? Are we becoming enslaved to our “robot overlords,” as the journalist Kevin \n\nDrum warned in Mother Jones? Do “smart machines” threaten us with “long-term misery,” as the economists \n\nJeffrey D. Sachs and Laurence J. Kotlikoff prophesied earlier this year? Have we reached “the end of labor,” as \n\nNoah Smith laments in The Atlantic? \n\nhttp://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/author/david-h-autor-and-david-dorn/\nhttp://digital.mit.edu/erik/\nhttp://andrewmcafee.org/\nhttp://andrewmcafee.org/\nhttp://www.motherjones.com/media/2013/05/robots-artificial-intelligence-jobs-automation\nhttp://www.nber.org/papers/w18629\nhttp://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/01/the-end-of-labor-how-to-protect-workers-from-the-rise-of-robots/267135/\nhttp://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/?module=BlogMain\u0026action=Click\u0026region=Header\u0026pgtype=Blogs\u0026version=Blog%20Post\u0026contentCollection=Opinion\n\n\nOf course, anxiety, and even hysteria, about the adverse effects of technological change on employment have a \n\nvenerable history. In the early 19th century a group of English textile artisans calling themselves the Luddites \n\nstaged a machine-trashing rebellion. Their brashness earned them a place (rarely positive) in the lexicon, but \n\nthey had legitimate reasons for concern. \n\nEconomists have historically rejected what we call the “lump of labor” fallacy: the supposition that an increase \n\nin labor productivity inevitably reduces employment because there is only a finite amount of work to do. While \n\nintuitively appealing, this idea is demonstrably false. In 1900, for example, 41 percent of the United States work \n\nforce was in agriculture. By 2000, that share had fallen to 2 percent, after the Green Revolution transformed \n\ncrop yields. But the employment-to-population ratio rose over the 20th century as women moved from home to \n\nmarket, and the unemployment rate fluctuated cyclically, with no long-term increase. \n\nLabor-saving techn ...","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/how-technology-wrecks-the-middle-class-by-david-h-autdocx/253590517","userLogin":"pooleavelina","userName":"pooleavelina","viewCount":15},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"Technological advancements, changing nature of work and the way forward for I...","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":27,"score":0.5366,"slideshowId":"239718997","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"chandging-nature-of-work-ppt-dr-skbreja","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/chandgingnatureofworkpptdrskbreja-201203091800-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The presentation addresses the issue of changing nature of work in the context of technological advancements, Industry 4.0, AI, ML and VUCA world.","tags":["#technology","#labormigration","#industry4.0"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/chandging-nature-of-work-ppt-dr-skbreja/239718997","userLogin":"skbreja","userName":"skbreja","viewCount":161},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"The digital labour market uder debate: Platforms, workers, rights and Workertech","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":17,"score":0.5335,"slideshowId":"151799445","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"the-digital-labour-market-uder-debate-platforms-workers-rights-and-workertech","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/cotecpiaouishareworkertechenexecutivesummary-190625171030-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"\"The digital labour market uder debate: Platforms, workers, rights and Workertech\" is a study about the future of work and the future of workers. 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The document recommends that companies manage contingent workers similarly to employees and consider partnering with specialized staffing agencies to source talent quickly while mitigating risks.","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/3933-emer-freelance-economy-whitepaper2/67394132","userLogin":"MikeJohnston13","userName":"Mike Johnston","viewCount":102},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"Kausik Rajgopal - The Future of Work","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":19,"score":0.5291,"slideshowId":"71440697","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"kausik-rajgopal-the-future-of-work","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/bacei-futureofworkvf-170127002735-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Bay Area Council Economic Institute Chair and McKinsey \u0026 Company Western Region Managing Partner Kausik Rajgopal's presentation for the BACEI's 10th Annual Economic Forecast","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/kausik-rajgopal-the-future-of-work/71440697","userLogin":"BayAreaEconomy","userName":"Bay Area Council Economic Institute","viewCount":863},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"What the Future of Work Means to Us","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":21,"score":0.5286,"slideshowId":"173685458","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"what-the-future-of-work-means-to-us","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/finalassignment-190919080603-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The document discusses the future of work and its implications as the nature of work changes due to technological advancement. It notes that while robots are taking over routine tasks and eliminating some jobs, new jobs will also be created. However, workers will need new skills like critical thinking and social-emotional skills. The document then discusses the impact on the Philippines specifically, noting that millions of jobs could be automated. It recommends policies to address this, including investing in lifelong learning and education, expanding social protections, and increasing government revenue to pay for these programs.","tags":["future of work","wdr2019","philippines"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/what-the-future-of-work-means-to-us/173685458","userLogin":"RomAsuncion","userName":"Rom Asuncion","viewCount":141},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"CGD | Talent attraction in the banking industry","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":29,"score":0.5284,"slideshowId":"61900724","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"cgd-talent-attraction-in-the-banking-industry","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/bankingtis-160511110507-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The document discusses talent attraction challenges in the banking industry. It notes that the industry struggles to attract top technology and digital talent. 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The banking industry must understand these career goals of students to improve employer branding and attract top talent.","tags":["talent attraction in the banking industry","universum","cgd"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cgd-talent-attraction-in-the-banking-industry/61900724","userLogin":"ANossaCaixa","userName":"Caixa Geral Depósitos","viewCount":256},{"algorithmId":"3","displayTitle":"MIT THE FUTURE OF WORK 201616-02-Work","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":16,"score":0.5278,"slideshowId":"66105042","sourceName":"cm_text","strippedTitle":"mit-the-future-of-work-20161602work-66105042","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/e293eafa-d04b-46d9-8e11-4b537e6f86b0-160916181928-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"This document discusses how technology is changing the nature of jobs and the future of work. Key points:\n\n1) Digital technologies are automating routine tasks and jobs that involve structured processes, while human workers will likely shift toward tasks requiring creativity, social skills and innovative thinking. \n\n2) New online platforms are creating \"networked work\" where freelancers connect directly with clients, taking on more risks but also gaining more control over their work. However, this transition to more flexible work arrangements is not painless.\n\n3) Demand is growing for STEM jobs across many industries as data analysis and computing become more widespread. 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By 2020 over a third of core skills for most occupations will be skills that are not considered crucial today. While business leaders recognize these challenges, they have been slow to develop strategies and are not confident in their ability to prepare. 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It makes three key points:\n\n1) While technology is fundamentally changing work, the biggest impacts are on how people behave and the choices they make. Successful organizations will be those that can best use, manage, and inspire their people. \n\n2) Automation is freeing up human resources to focus on work that adds greater value, like innovation. However, there are also questions around the legal responsibilities of organizations as robots take over certain roles. \n\n3) To gain competitive advantage, organizations should use automation to personalize their messaging and employee experience, just as consumers expect personalized experiences. This will help attract and retain valuable talent.","tags":["digital","data","people"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/PwC_Peru/pwc-the-most-estraordinary-technology-for-all","userLogin":"PwC_Peru","userName":"PwC Perú","viewCount":939}],"moreFromUser":[],"featured":null,"latest":[{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"POPULATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMY.pptx","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":12,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273494430","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"population-and-its-impact-on-economy-pptx","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/populationanditsimpactoneconomy-241121103422-134380bb-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Population and its impact on Economy","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/population-and-its-impact-on-economy-pptx/273494430","userLogin":"Priya714386","userName":"Priya714386","viewCount":9},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"5-Risk Analysis, Real Options and Capital Budgeting-Final.pdf","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":41,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273473567","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"5-risk-analysis-real-options-and-capital-budgeting-final-pdf","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/5-riskanalysisrealoptionsandcapitalbudgeting-final-241120170046-d6378725-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"capital budget","tags":["risk analysis"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/5-risk-analysis-real-options-and-capital-budgeting-final-pdf/273473567","userLogin":"chinurocks2","userName":"chinurocks2","viewCount":15},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"How To Buy Toncoin (TON) With Paysafecard Voucher Instantly. Swap Paysafecard...","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":1,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273567624","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"how-to-buy-toncoin-ton-with-paysafecard-voucher-instantly-swap-paysafecard-to-ton-toncoin-telegram-cryptocurrency","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/paysafecard-to-toncoin-depositfirstframe-241125001449-404391a9-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Paysafecard exchange instantly: https://ukash-wallet.com/ \nHow To Buy Toncoin (TON) With Paysafecard Voucher Instantly. Swap Paysafecard To TON (Toncoin) Telegram Cryptocurrency. Transfer Paysafecard to Toncoin (TON), PayPal, Skrill, Perfect Money, WebMoney, Tether USDT, Bitcoins and altcoins Litecoin, Ethereum, Dash, Toncoin (TON). Instant cash out Paysafecard amount to Visa and Mactercard card.\nHow to exchange Paysafecard voucher to Tether USDT, PayPal, Skrill, Perfect Money, WebMoney, Bitcoins and altcoins Litecoin, Ethereum, Dash or Visa / Mastercard?\nIf you urgently need to recharge your PayPal, Skrill, Perfect Money, WebMoney,Tether USDT, Bitcoins, altcoins Litecoin, Ethereum, Dash wallet or Visa / Mastercard card, you can use the services of our exchanger and exchange Paysafecard vouchers to PayPal, Skrill, Perfect Money, WebMoney, Bitcoins, altcoins Litecoin, Ethereum, Dash wallet or Visa / Mastercard card. The exchange of Paysafecard to PayPal, Skrill, Perfect Money, WebMoney, Tether USDT, Bitcoins, altcoins Litecoin, Ethereum, Dash wallet or Visa / Mastercard card takes place immediately after filling out the exchange form on our website. You can buy prepaid paysafecard codes at supermarkets, kiosks and gas stations. We accept Paysafecard vouchers from the following countries: United Kingdom, Australia, Belgique / Belgium, Canada, Česko / Czech Republic, Danmark / Denmark, Deutschland / Germany, Éire / Ireland, España / Spain, France, Hrvatska / Croatia, Latvija / Latvia, Lietuva / Lithuania, Luxemburg / Luxembourg, Magyarország / Hungary, Malta, Nederland / Netherlands, Norge / Norway, Österreich / Austria, Polska / Poland, România / Romania, Schweiz / Switzerland, Slovenija / Slovenia, Slovensko / Slovakia, Suomi / Finland, Sverige / Sweden, United States, Κύπρος / Kıbrıs / Cyprus, Kuwait, Mexico, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, الكويت / Kuwait.\nYou can convert instantly: Paysafecard EUR, Paysafecard GBP (British Pound Sterling), Paysafecard USD (United States Dollar), Paysafecard AUD (Australian Dollar), Paysafecard CAD (Canadian Dollar), Paysafecard CHF (Swiss Franc), Paysafecard NZD (New Zealand Dollar), Paysafecard CZK (Czech Koruna), Paysafecard DKK (Danish Krone), Paysafecard HUF (Hungarian Forint), Paysafecard NOK (Norwegian Krone), Paysafecard PLN (Polish Zloty), Paysafecard RON (Romanian Leu), Paysafecard SEK (Swedish Krona), Paysafecard KWD (Kuwaiti Dinar), Paysafecard MXN (Mexican Peso).\nYou can buy a refill PayPal, Skrill, Perfect Money, WebMoney, Bitcoins, Tether USDT altcoins Litecoin, Ethereum, Dash wallet or Visa / Mastercard card wallet using the Paysafecard pin instantly. Our website has the lowest conversion rate Paysafecard to Ethereum cryptocurrency.\nYou can also exchange Paysafecard codes for PayPal, Skrill, Perfect Money, WebMoney, Bitcoins, altcoins Litecoin, Ethereum, Dash wallet or Visa / Mastercard card.\n#paysafecardtotoncoin #paysafecardtoton #paysafecardpaypal #addpaypalwithpaysafecard\n\n","tags":["paysafecard","paypal","paysafecard to ton"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/how-to-buy-toncoin-ton-with-paysafecard-voucher-instantly-swap-paysafecard-to-ton-toncoin-telegram-cryptocurrency/273567624","userLogin":"BitcoinExchangeExcha","userName":"Bitcoin-Exchange Exchange-Litecoin-Ethereum","viewCount":8},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"SOLUTIONS.Chapters1-5 (microeconomics).doc","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":52,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273524389","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"solutions-chapters1-5-microeconomics-doc","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/solutions-241122121626-a85f1d01-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"A detailed explanation for Microeconomics","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/solutions-chapters1-5-microeconomics-doc/273524389","userLogin":"GiaKhnh11D2","userName":"GiaKhnh11D2","viewCount":9},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Crime-Management-System .pdf.pptx","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":10,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273487531","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"crime-management-system-pdf-pptx","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/crime-management-system-241121052257-46a03f42-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"crime","tags":["quarterly","swot","social media"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/crime-management-system-pdf-pptx/273487531","userLogin":"premnivasanrrs56","userName":"premnivasanrrs56","viewCount":11},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Development Economics msc fina lthesis ppt (1)_Phoenix.pdf","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":63,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273439122","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"development-economics-msc-fina-lthesis-ppt-1-_phoenix-pdf","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/developmenteconomicsmscfinalthesisppt1phoenix-241119155804-fad0f51e-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Please read my MSC thesis Title Determinants of Economic Growth in Ethiopia.","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/development-economics-msc-fina-lthesis-ppt-1-_phoenix-pdf/273439122","userLogin":"KemalSeid","userName":"Kemal Seid","viewCount":32},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"External Trade Monitoring No.5, November 2024","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":7,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273576745","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"external-trade-monitoring-no-5-november-2024","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/trademonitoringno5nov2024-241125070833-9c209c53-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting (IER) has prepared the fifth issue of the External Trade Monitoring, with the special focus on the introduction of a new export support mechanism in Ukraine. 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This section analyzes global trade developments, including U.S. sanctions against Huawei, anti-dumping duties on Japanese steel, protests by French farmers against agreements with Mercosur, and changes in EU deforestation regulations. The section also discusses the impact of U.S. tariff policies on the global economy and the decline in vehicle exports from South Africa due to stricter environmental standards.\nSpecial Topic – The New Export Support Mechanism. Changes in the regulation of agricultural exports aim to reduce shadow exports, enhance transparency, and increase tax revenues. 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It provides a detailed analysis of their roles, benefits, and operational frameworks. Additionally, the presentation delves into venture capital funding, outlining its stages, advantages, and challenges. 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Sebagai bandara terbesar kedua di Indonesia setelah Soekarno-Hatta, Bandara Kertajati memiliki potensi besar untuk menjadi pusat transportasi udara di wilayah Jawa Barat.\n\nPengembangan bandara ini mencakup peningkatan fasilitas terminal penumpang, perluasan landasan pacu untuk mendukung penerbangan internasional, serta pengembangan kawasan Aerocity sebagai pusat bisnis dan logistik. Terletak strategis di jalur transportasi utama, Bandara Kertajati menawarkan aksesibilitas yang mudah dari berbagai kota seperti Bandung, Cirebon, dan Jakarta melalui Tol Cisumdawu.\n\nProyek ini bertujuan untuk menjadikan Bandara Kertajati sebagai gerbang utama Jawa Barat, meningkatkan daya saing wilayah Kabupaten Majalengka, dan memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Nasional (RPJPN). Dengan fokus pada teknologi modern dan keberlanjutan, pengembangan Bandara Kertajati diharapkan memperkuat posisi Kabupaten Majalengka sebagai pusat ekonomi baru di Indonesia.\n\nKertajati Airport Development, Majalengka, West Java\nKertajati Airport, located in Majalengka Regency, West Java, is one of Indonesia's national strategic projects designed to enhance economic growth, tourism, and interregional connectivity. As the second-largest airport in Indonesia after Soekarno-Hatta, Kertajati Airport holds immense potential to become a key aviation hub in West Java.\n\nThe airport's development involves upgrading passenger terminal facilities, expanding the runway to accommodate international flights, and establishing an Aerocity area as a center for business and logistics. Strategically situated along major transportation routes, Kertajati Airport offers seamless access from cities like Bandung, Cirebon, and Jakarta via the Cisumdawu Toll Road.\n\nThis project aims to position Kertajati Airport as the main gateway to West Java, boost the competitiveness of Majalengka Regency, and contribute significantly to the National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN). With a focus on modern technology and sustainability, the development of Kertajati Airport is expected to solidify Majalengka's position as a new economic center in Indonesia.","tags":["kertajati","bandara","bandara kertajati"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/pengembangan-bandara-kertajati-majalengka-jawa-barat/273602207","userLogin":"gelaramdhani","userName":"Gelar S. Ramdhani","viewCount":10},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Strengthening Tax Systems to Combat Illicit Financial Flows in Nigeria.pdf","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":16,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273388919","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"strengthening-tax-systems-to-combat-illicit-financial-flows-in-nigeria-pdf","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/strengtheningtaxsystemstocombatillicitfinancialflowsinnigeria-241118035031-8bbc53ac-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs) pose a significant threat to Nigeria's economic development, \r\nundermining the country's ability to fund essential public services and achieve the Sustainable \r\nDevelopment Goals (SDGs). According to the African Development Bank (2022), Nigeria loses \r\napproximately $15.8 billion annually to IFFs, equivalent to 4.4% of its GDP. This staggering figure \r\nunderscores the urgent need for effective measures to combat these illicit outflows.\r","tags":["nigeria","tax","finances"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/strengthening-tax-systems-to-combat-illicit-financial-flows-in-nigeria-pdf/273388919","userLogin":"KolawolePaulAdewole","userName":"Kolawole Adewole ","viewCount":34},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Socio-Economic Development of the Country as a Predictor of Its National Secu...","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":17,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273532576","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"socio-economic-development-of-the-country-as-a-predictor-of-its-national-security-pdf","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/socio-economicdevelopmentofthecountryasapredictorofitsnationalsecurity-241122215359-a836220c-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Purpose: The article examines specific factors of socio-economic development in the context of national security. The purpose of the current work is to identify the connections between selected indicators of socio-economic development and the level of national security, in the context of improving the quality of life for all citizens. Design/Methodology/Approach: The process of globalization has caused changes that manifest in various spheres of human life. One of the main positive aspects of the globalization process, which affects the quality of human life, is regional development. This can be measured using selected socio-economic indicators. Findings: Regional development is not the only factor that affects the quality of human life. Negative aspects of the socio-economic development process, such as illegal migration and the overall increase in crime, have made the issue of national security extremely relevant for every country. Practical Implications: One of the numerous aspects of national security that negatively affects the quality of human life, as well as the overall perception of the globalization process, is migration and the crimes committed by foreigners in certain countries. Originality/Value: Since the goal of socio-economic development is to improve the quality of human life, it is also necessary in this context to address the security issues of each citizen in a given country, which, overall, is a component of national security.","tags":["socio-economic development","development factor","aspect of national security"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/socio-economic-development-of-the-country-as-a-predictor-of-its-national-security-pdf/273532576","userLogin":"IgorBritchenko","userName":"Igor Britchenko","viewCount":11},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Activity Based Costing and Hidden Factory.pptx","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":26,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273442932","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"activity-based-costing-and-hidden-factory-pptx","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/activitybasedcosting-241119191414-2dd6d92e-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"This topic discusses the traditional costing, Activity Based Costing, Process, methods, Advantages and Disadvantages. it also discussed the Hidden factory.","tags":["activity based costing","hidden factory"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/activity-based-costing-and-hidden-factory-pptx/273442932","userLogin":"kalpanasanthi","userName":"Kalpana Santhi","viewCount":15},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"20241114_calibre_mining_2024_november_investor_presentation.pdf","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":47,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273400719","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"20241114_calibre_mining_2024_november_investor_presentation-pdf","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/20241114calibremining2024novemberinvestorpresentation-241118115718-5874d324-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"20241114_calibre_mining_2024_november_investor_presentation","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/20241114_calibre_mining_2024_november_investor_presentation-pdf/273400719","userLogin":"Adnet","userName":"Adnet Communications","viewCount":852},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Silver bull market forecast - Satori Traders","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":17,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273550312","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"silver-bull-market-forecast-satori-traders","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/silverbullmarket-satoritraders-241123210406-ea603c27-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"A Silver bull market occurs when Silver prices rise significantly over an extended period, driven by factors such as increased industrial demand, investor interest, or economic uncertainty. \n\nInvestors often view Silver as a hedge against Inflation and Currency devaluation, similar to Gold. \n\nHistorically, bull markets in Silver can be volatile due to its dual role as both an industrial and Precious metal. Events like economic crises, geopolitical tensions, or supply shortages often trigger sharp price increases. \n\nSuccessful navigation requires monitoring market trends and understanding Silver's unique market dynamics.\n","tags":["precious metals bull market","gold bull markets","silver $500 dollars an ounce"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/silver-bull-market-forecast-satori-traders/273550312","userLogin":"satoritraders3","userName":"Satori Traders","viewCount":25},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"OAT_RI_Ep25 WeighingTheRisks_Oct24_EventDriven.pptx","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":4,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273445869","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"oat_ri_ep25-weighingtherisks_oct24_eventdriven-pptx","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/oatriep25weighingtherisksoct24eventdriven-241119223159-5b7e2406-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"What will be the effect of event driven strategies and merger arbitrage to the economy?","tags":["mergers","event driven","arbitrage"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/oat_ri_ep25-weighingtherisks_oct24_eventdriven-pptx/273445869","userLogin":"hiddenlevers","userName":"hiddenlevers","viewCount":42}]},"secretUrl":"1VBequcQisiyt2","shouldShowAds":true,"slides":{"host":"https://image.slidesharecdn.com","title":"Beyond-the-Gig-Economy","imageLocation":"beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017","imageSizes":[{"quality":85,"width":320,"format":"jpg"},{"quality":85,"width":638,"format":"jpg"},{"quality":75,"width":2048,"format":"webp"}]},"smsShareUrl":"sms:?body=Check out this SlideShare : https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/beyond-the-gig-economy/59281626","strippedTitle":"beyond-the-gig-economy","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017-thumbnail.jpg?width=640\u0026height=640\u0026fit=bounds","title":"Beyond the Gig Economy","totalSlides":24,"transcript":["Beyond the Gig Economy\nHow New Technologies Are Reshaping the Future of Work | 2016\nBy Jon Lieber, Chief Economist, Thumbtack\nand Lucas Puente, Economic Analyst, Thumbtack\n ","2Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nExecutive Summary\nLong-run economic trends and new technologies are pushing workers\naway from traditional employee-employer relationships and into self-\nemployment. Thanks in part to advances in technology that have put\nsmartphones in the pockets of millions of Americans, it has never been\neasier for an individual to go online and start earning income quickly and\nflexibly. But this new “gig economy” is not monolithic or static. It has\ndifferent sectors, and the gig economy of on-demand, low-skilled, easily\nautomated logistics or delivery services will not be around in 20 years.\nWhat will remain are skilled professionals.\nThis report, Beyond the Gig Economy, draws from publicly available data\nas well as Thumbtack’s proprietary marketplace and survey data of tens of\nthousands of small businesses to show the variety of ways in which\ntechnology is enabling middle-class Americans to find economic\nopportunity with tools that have never previously been available to them.\n“There’s never been a better\ntime to be a worker with\nspecial skills or the right\neducation, because these\npeople can use technology\nto create and capture value.”\n—Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee\n\"The Second Machine Age\" (2014)\n ","3Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\n•\t The gig economy as we know it will not last.\nIn the past few years, analysts and reporters\nhave obsessively focused on transportation\ntechnology platforms such as Uber and Lyft\nand delivery technology platforms such as\nInstacart and the workers needed for these\non-demand services. This narrow focus on\nlow-skilled “gigs” misses a larger story. These\nrelatively commoditized, undifferentiated\nservices are supplementing income, not\ngenerating middle-class lifestyles. Moreover,\nthese tasks are overwhelmingly likely to be\nautomated over time, performed by self-\ndriving cars and drones. The gig economy,\nas currently understood, will cease to exist in\n20 years.\n•\t What will persist is the skilled professional.\nThese professionals are being empowered\nby technology and will not be replaced by it.\nThey are not offering commodity services;\nthey are offering specialized trades. They\ndon’t have employers; they have clients with\nwhom they develop business relationships.\nThey aren’t looking to complete a short task\nas a side job; they are seeking full-time, but\ntime-limited, projects. They aren’t climbing\nthe corporate ladder or looking for employers\nthey’ll have for 20 years; they are hunting\ndown opportunities and customers week\nto week.\n•\t Skilled professionals are proliferating\nbecause online marketplaces are unlocking\nnew opportunities—and customers. Skilled\nProfessionals are turning to the Internet to\nbuild their client base and their businesses\nusing online, cost-effective, performance-\nbased platforms—such as Thumbtack and\nEtsy—that weren’t available 20 years ago. They\nmake more on average, have higher\njob satisfaction, and do not need a college\ndegree to earn a middle-class lifestyle.\n•\t To date, skills marketplaces have broader\nadoption than commodified platforms.\nBecause they are leveraging the skills of an\nexisting group of qualified professionals,\nthese marketplaces have an automatic reach\nacross the country. Commoditized platforms\ntend to be concentrated in metropolitan\nareas with large populations. Younger, tech-\nfriendly cities and college towns have the\nhighest adoption rates per capita of these\nplatforms in the country.\n•\t Innovations that have revolutionized online\nretail and big business will galvanize skilled\nprofessionals and small business growth.\nPolicy must support them too. Online tools\nsuch as Zenefits and Intuit have lowered the\ncost of resource-intensive, back-office tasks\nlike running payroll and managing employee\nbenefits. Policy changes such as the\nAffordable Care Act have partially decoupled\nhealth insurance from employers. To support\nindependent workers—both skilled\nprofessionals and workers on gig platforms—\npolicymakers need to look beyond the\ncurrent controversy over worker classification\nand focus on policies and regulatory updates\nthat will support skilled professionals.\nKey Findings\nWith this new data, we can improve our\nunderstanding of how the digital economy is\naffecting the American labor market. We can also\nmake a series of policy recommendations to help\npolicymakers make it easier for their constituents\nto find skilled work online and succeed in this\nevolving labor market.\n ","Jina Wilson\nPhotographer since 2010\nThumbtack pro since 2015\nLocation: Atlanta, GA\nPROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT\n4\nPhotograph by Rose Limb\nˮOwning my own business has\nchanged my life drastically.\nI am committed to bringing\nmy clients the best service\npossible, and Thumbtack is my\nbusiness partner.ˮ\n ","5Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\n2005\n2006\n2007\n2008\n2009\n2010\n2011\n2012\n2013\n2014\n6.5%\n15.1%\n\u003c High school diploma\n2014\n2005\n2006\n2007\n2008\n2009\n2010\n2011\n2012\n2013\n4.2%\n10.2%\nHigh school, no college\n2005\n2006\n2007\n2008\n2009\n2010\n2011\n2012\n2013\n2014\n3.5%\n8.1%\nSome college\n2005\n2006\n2007\n2008\n2009\n2010\n2011\n2012\n2013\n2014\n2%\n4.8%\nCollege diploma +\nUnemployment Rates by Education\nSource: Bureau of Labor Statistics\nThe Labor Force Has Changed over the Past 50 Years\nChanges in the labor force over the past 50 years have vastly affected\nAmericans’ working lives, from the types of companies they join to the types\nof skills they invest in to ensure long-term financial security. Advances in\ncommunication, travel, and automation have created a global labor market,\nopening American workers to competition that didn’t exist in the 1950s and\n60s. Increasingly sophisticated machines are moving up the skills ladder to\ntake on routine tasks that were previously done by humans.\nJobs that were considered secure a generation ago are not even available\nto American workers in large numbers anymore, and workers without a\ncollege degree have been most affected by these changes.\nThree important changes have arisen as a result of these shifts: 1) investing\nin a specialized skill has become more important, 2) while training is more\nimportant than ever, college isn’t necessarily the answer, and 3) firms are\ngoing to become less important as workers are increasingly empowered to\nwork for themselves.\n ","6Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nThe Rise of the Skilled Class\nThe changes in the labor force in the past 50 years are well-documented\nand well-known. As economist David Autor has explained, routine tasks\nhave increasingly been performed by lower-paid workers or by machines,\nand abstract, nonroutine jobs are rewarding those trained to perform\nthem with higher incomes and better job prospects.\nSkilled professionals—those with the know-how to do a specialized job in\nany circumstance—are the middle class of the future\nThese non-routine, cognitively-intensive jobs are often thought to be highly\neducated white collar work, but they are not limited to doctors and\ncomputer programmers. Skilled labor jobs may not pay as well as\nprofessions that require years of higher education, but they have the\nadvantage of being difficult to outsource and resistant to automation: You\ncan’t hire a remote worker to replace your windows, and a robot is a long\nway from being able to repair your plumbing.\nEmployment in routine vs. non routine jobs has diverged since 2001\n20142001 2004 2007 2011\n24%\n32%\n-8%\n-10%Routine Cognitive\nRoutine Manual\nNonroutine Manual\nNonroutine Cognitive\nPercentage of growth\nSource: Maximiliano Dvorkin, of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis\n ","7Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nThe Only Barrier to Joining the\nSkilled Class Is Your Skill\nThe conventional wisdom for the last 50 years\nis that a college education has been the way\nto break into the middle class and find a\nsecure career path. And it is true that college\ngraduates still tend to have lower\nunemployment rates. But in another way,\ncollege has never been less important.\nSkilled professionals don’t have employers,\nthey have clients. They aren’t applying for\njobs they expect to have for the next 20 years,\nthey are hunting down opportunities week to\nweek. And while a college degree can still\nprovide an effective signal of a worker’s quality,\nit’s no longer the best gauge of what’s most\nimportant to clients: the ability to execute on\na well-developed skill set or complete a\ncomplex project.\nThe signal provided by a four-year degree is\nweaker than ever as directories like Yelp,\nrepositories like GitHub, and skill-assessment\ntools like Knack are now providing consumers\nwith more accurate methods for evaluating the\nskills they are looking for.\nTechnology Is Empowering\nthe Skilled Class to Work\nfor Themselves\nWhile economic trends are pushing workers\naway from traditional employee-employer\nrelationships, technological trends are pulling\nthem into self-employment by making it easier\nand cheaper than ever to make it as an\nindependent worker.\nOnline tools such as Zenefits and Intuit have\nlowered the cost of tasks such as running\npayroll and managing employee benefits. Policy\nchanges such as the Affordable Care Act have\npartially decoupled health insurance from\nemployers. New marketplaces use mobile\ntechnology to connect buyers and sellers,\nmoving industries from the analog age into\nthe digital age. And consumers now have the\nability to browse reviews and samples of past\nwork online, bringing transparency to an\nopaque market.\n“Rather than forcing full-time employment\non on-demand work firms, we should\ninstead pursue a policy direction that\ncreates a comparable safety net for\nworkers who are not full-time employees.”\n- Arun Sundararajan\nThe Atlantic (2015)\n ","Matthew Salazar\nPersonal Chef since 2014\nThumbtack pro since 2014\nLocation: Norcross, GA\n8\n“I love to cook for people, and\nI leave their homes knowing\nthat I served some type of\npurpose that day. Thumbtack\nhas helped me with my\nnew business and because\nbusiness is good, I spend\nmore time with my lady and\nmy daughter.”\nPROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT\nPhotograph by Olya Grigorova\n ","9Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nThe Complexity of the\nGig Economy: Beyond the\nUber Driver\nMultiple platforms have arisen to help skilled\nprofessionals find work. These platforms have\noccasionally been lumped together under the\nmoniker of the “gig economy,” which is\ndesigned to describe how the workers who use\nthem are moving from gig to gig with no\nexpectation of longer-term commitments.\nIn general, this term has been applied to\ntechnologies that connect buyers and sellers\nacross a range of services, from selling\nhandcrafted goods to booking a wedding\nDJ. For buyers, this brings unprecedented\nease and convenience to help get things\ndone. For sellers, these platforms are helping\nsolve their biggest issue: finding new clients\n(see page 17).\nLabeling these new ways of finding work as\nbeing part of one gargantuan “gig economy”\nis a helpful shortcut that unfortunately\nglosses over two realities: A large class of\nAmerican workers have always worked gig to\ngig, and crucial distinctions exist between\n“gig” platforms.\nMost commentary on this new way of working\nhas focused on a very narrow section of\nplatforms offering services that were cost-\nprohibitive for most people in the era before\nubiquitous digital communication such as\nhailing a ride instantly while on the go or\ndispatching a courier to shop for a specific set\nof items. However, a different model of online\nplatform connects existing skilled\nprofessionals to new consumers, fosters\nlonger-term engagement, and can bring more\nstable work. We differentiate between these\ntwo services by calling them “commoditized\nplatforms” and “marketplaces.”\nSkills Are Not a Commodity\nCommoditized platforms push a service\nprovider to the buyer in the simplest possible\nway—often a single tap on a smartphone.\nExamples are hiring a driver on Lyft or finding\nsomeone to wait in line for you on TaskRabbit.\nThese models work under two key conditions:\nThe buyer is indifferent to the individual\nproviding a service, and the task generally\ndoesn’t require a high degree of specialization\nor skill on the part of the provider.\nBy contrast, marketplaces add more value\nwhen a service is highly differentiated between\nproviders, where a skilled professional may\noffer a different level of service or a different\nprice point based on his or her own brand and\nthe needs of the consumer. With the ability to\nchoose who will be doing their project,\nconsumers can optimize on the dimension(s) of\ntheir choice—such as price, quality, or\navailability—and ultimately be better off than in\na world in which they have no choice as to the\nservice provider. Examples of marketplaces\ninclude hiring a contractor on Thumbtack or\nbuying a handicraft on Etsy.\n“The Internet enables a new\ngeneration of platforms that are\nreinventing many industries and\nthe workforce in the process ...\nPeople are now able to transact\nwith one another quickly,\neasily, and safely through these\ntransaction-based networks.”\n- Simon Rothman, Partner, Greylock Partners\nMedium (2015)\n ","10Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nCOMMODITIZED PLATFORM\nUndifferentiated supply vs. Highly differentiated supply\nvs.Little or no control over rates\ncharged\nNearly complete control over\nrates charged\nvs.Operate under platform’s brand Operate under personal brand\nvs.Businesses exist only on\nplatform or through nearly\nidentical platform competitors\nBusinesses exist on and\noff platform\nvs.Very little training or skill needed Generally require an investment\nin and demonstration of skill\nMARKETPLACE\n•\t Marketplaces leverage workers’ skills;\ncommoditized platforms don’t. Because of\nthe nature of the task being performed,\nworkers using commoditized platforms are\ndesigned to be basically indistinguishable\nfrom one another. The inability for workers\nto differentiate themselves on the platform\ntakes away their individual pricing power\nand leaves them at the mercy of the\nplatform to set their per-task compensation.\nConversely, those on marketplaces can\ndistinguish themselves not just on price but\non their quality and skill set. This allows\nthem to operate under their own brands\nand expand their business as their\nreputation and resources allow.\nFrom the service provider’s perspective, commoditized\nplatforms can provide steady access to new clients and offer\nvery low barriers to entry. In some cases all you need is a\nmeans of transportation and a smartphone. But they come\nwith considerable downsides that marketplaces do not.\n45% of the businesses that\noperate on Thumbtack\nhave been in business for\nfive or more years.\n— Thumbtack Economic Sentiment Survey,\nNovember 2015 (18,000 professionals)\n ","11Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\n•\t Skills-based marketplaces allow businesses\nto grow. Commoditized platforms are not\ndesigned to support a career. By their own\nadmission, commoditized platforms are\nmuch better at providing supplemental\nincome than a full-time job. Uber\nemphasizes that half of its partners drive\nfewer than 10 hours per week. TaskRabbit\nsays that 90 percent of its providers are\nusing the platform to pay “one to three bills\nevery single month.” Research from Intuit\nshows that the average worker on one of\nthese platforms spends only 12 hours a\nweek working for the primary platform he or\nshe uses, and that only 5 percent of the\npeople engaged in this work indicate it is\ntheir sole source of income. As Business\nInsider put it, many are “treating [driving on\nUber and Lyft] like a summer job or a stop\ngap in a time of transition.” In contrast, two-\nthirds of service providers on Thumbtack, an\nexample of a skilled marketplace, are\nrunning a business.\n•\t Commoditized platforms are more\nsusceptible to automation. Because the\nconsumer is relatively indifferent to whom is\nproviding the service, and most services\noffered on commodity platforms are\nrelatively routine, it is only a matter of time\nbefore technology catches up with the\nworker. An Oxford study found that\nprofessional drivers have an 89 percent\nchance of being automated in the near\nfuture. The two biggest driver platforms,\nUber and Lyft—through investments in self-\ndriving technology and partnerships with\nmajor automakers—are already actively\npreparing for this. While Postmates and\nother logistics startups are figuring out how\nto leverage humans who can deliver your\nfood or your laundry, Amazon is actively\npreparing for the day when unmanned\ndrones can deliver the same goods faster\nand cheaper. In contrast, a Deloitte study\nshows that skilled service jobs are among\nthe fastest growing occupations in the last\n25 years and have little chance of being\nautomated away.\nOne other significant difference between commoditized\nplatforms and skilled marketplaces is that while\nmarketplaces rely on skilled workers who are active in their\nprofessions offline, commoditized platforms are creating\nnew ways of doing things that wouldn’t be possible without\nthe platform. As a result, while marketplaces can launch\neverywhere at once, commoditized platforms have to build\na labor force city by city and thus are slow to rollout to the\nwhole country.\nTo document this, we used Twitter data as a proxy for\nadoption rates in different markets, based on the theory\nthat platforms with more followers on Twitter in a given area\nlikely have more users and more service providers in that\nsame area.\nThis approach confirms that commoditized platforms are\nconcentrated in the biggest markets, while marketplaces are\nbeing used across a much greater share of the country.\n“For most people, driving\non Uber is not even a\npart-time job…it’s just\ndriving an hour or two\na day, here or there, to\nhelp pay the bills.”\n— David Plouffe, Uber Chief Advisor, (2015)\n ","12Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nWe use data from Alan Krueger and Seth Harris to identify 10 of the\nbiggest digital marketplaces—six of which we classify as commoditized\nplatforms and four of which we classify as marketplaces. Using this\nmethodology, we find that commoditized platforms have, so far, been\nadopted in greater numbers but almost exclusively in major\nmetropolitan areas.\nThe maps below illustrate this point. The six commoditized platforms all\nhave well over half of their followers in metropolitan areas with over\n4 million residents, and 90 percent of their followers live in metro areas\nwith over a million residents. Conversely, cloud-based marketplaces\nsuch as Mechanical Turk, Fiverr, Upwork and Thumbtack are significantly\nless concentrated in these major metropolitan areas and adoption is\nspread out over a much larger area of the country.\nData based on dispersion of Twitter followers by location; collected February, 2016\nSkills-Based Marketplaces Are More Widely Adopted\nDistribution of Workers on Skills-Based Marketplaces\nPercentage of followers outside a Top 12 Metro\nPercentage of followers outside a Top 12 Metro\nDistribution of Workers on Commoditized Platforms\nMturk: 54.3%\nFiverr: 53.6%\nUpwork: 49.2%\nThumbtack: 48.6%\nUber: 38.9%\nTaskrabbit: 29.1%\nGrubhub: 39.6\nHandy: 22.9%\nLyft: 40.4%\nInstacart: 22.3%\n ","13Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\n8\n9\n10\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n1\n11\n12\n6\n4\n5\n3\n2\n7\nUsing this methodology, we ranked the top cities according to digital\nplatform adoption—the Top 20 are listed below. Dominating the list are\nlarge technology or business hubs and college towns. For a complete list\nbroken out by large and mid-sized cities ranked by their adoption of\ndigital platforms, see appendix A.\nTop Cities for Per-Capita Digital Marketplace Adoption\n1. San Francisco, CA\n2. Palm Bay, FL\n3. Chicago, IL\n4. Madison, WI\n5. Nashville, TN\n6. Raleigh, NC\n7. Boston, MA\n8. Ann Arbor, MI\n9. Las Vegas, NV\n10. Charlottesville, VA\n11. Seattle, WA\n12. Champaign, IL\n13. Washington, DC\n14. Los Angeles, CA\n15. Durham, NC\n16. San Diego, CA\n17. Denver, CO\n18. Lexington, KY\n19. San Jose, CA\n20. Fort Collins, CO\nData based on dispersion of Twitter followers by location; collected February 2016\n ","14\nPhotograph by James Dillard\n“I started offering private\nmusic lessons four years ago\ntargeting clients through\nsocial media and Thumbtack.\nWe’ve had so much success;\nwe just opened our third\nlocation. I share my heart\nevery day through my work\nand through the teachers I\nhelp train. What could\nbe greater?”\nPROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT\nBrannon Littleton\nMusic Teacher since 2011\nThumbtack pro since 2011\nLocation: Montgomery, AL\n ","15Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nThe Right Technology Will Empower the\nWorker of Tomorrow\nFor those operating on a marketplace and offering skilled,\nnot commoditized, services, the gig economy presents a\nrange of opportunities. But who are these skilled\nprofessionals? Despite the outsized attention paid to so-\ncalled “gig” workers who are picking up side jobs online,\nit isn’t just new businesses or those offering side jobs who\nare finding work online.\nFirst, two-thirds of businesses on Thumbtack are running\ntheir primary business, and 79 percent are running a\nbusiness that uses their specific professional skills,\nmeaning they are trained to do this work full time. Nearly\nhalf of the businesses that operate on Thumbtack have\nbeen in business for five or more years.\nSecond, these professionals are skilled. They are people\nwho have trained to provide their service as their main\noccupation and source of income. Over 90 percent of\nprofessionals who find business on Thumbtack say they\nconsider themselves “incredibly skilled in my profession.”\nThird, by empowering workers to\nleverage their unique skill set in\na new online marketplace, these\nskilled professionals can achieve\nhigher earnings and greater\nworker satisfaction, and grow\ntheir business more than they\notherwise would.\n“The typical Thumbtack pro with only\na high school education has a gross\nincome of up to $20,000 more than\nthe median high school graduate.”\n— Thumbtack Economic Sentiment Survey,\nJanuary 2015 (8,000 professionals)\n ","16Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nThumbtack Pros Are Skilled Workers\nAn overwhelming majority of professionals (84 percent) who find\nbusiness on Thumbtack say they agree or strongly agree with the\nstatement “I love what I do,” while a Gallup survey of the general\nworking population found that only 29 percent of Americans said they\nwere “engaged” at work.\nFourth, digital marketplaces empower skilled professionals to expand\nand hire new workers. The most active small business owners on\nThumbtack are 2.5 times more likely to report that their business has\ngrown dramatically (more than 20 percent annually) than their\notherwise similar counterparts. According to Pew, there are 14.6 million\nself-employed individuals providing jobs for 29.4 million workers,\naccounting for three-in-ten U.S. jobs. One-in-four self-employed\npeople report that they are employers with a median of three\nemployees and an average of 8.6.\nFinally, online marketplaces are efficient for small businesses constantly\nlooking for new customers (see page 17). According to a survey we\nconducted of 5,000 small businesses, online paid marketing is more\nthan four times more cost-effective in delivering new customers for\nsmall businesses than offline paid marketing and, within the world of\nonline paid marketing, performance-based marketing (e.g., AdWords\nand Thumbtack) is 2.5 times more cost-effective than directories (e.g.,\nYelp and Angie’s List).\nWedding Photographer\nWedding Officiant\nPersonal Trainer\nMath Tutor\nMassage Therapist\nMover\nGardener\nHouse Cleaner\nGuitar Teacher\nGeneral Contractor\nDog Trainer\nCaterer\nThumbtack pros responses to the statement: “I consider myself incredibly skilled in my profession”\nSTRONGLY AGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE\nSource: Thumbtack survey, June 2015 (5,000 professionals)\n ","17Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nAcquiring new customers is skilled professionals’ single biggest\nchallenge. Half of small business owners on Thumbtack report that\nacquiring new customers is a challenge, and 35 percent indicate that it\nis their most challenging problem. The challenge is so big that\n80 percent of service professionals are attempting to find new\ncustomers at least once a week, and most are looking every day.\nThe Challenge of Working for Yourself\nWhat problems do you\nface in business today?\n51%\nAcquiring customers\n19%\nHealthcare costs\n13%\nCompetition\nfrom big business\n9%\nInflation\n42%\nCompetition from\nother small businesses\n17%\nTaxes\n12%\nPoor sales\n8%\nComplying\nwith regulations\n28%\nUncertain economic\nconditions\n16%\nConsumer\nconfidence\n9%\nOther\n20%\nAccess to credit\n16%\nCost/Quality of labor\nHow often do local\nservice professionals\nseek new customers?\n3%\nSpecific time\nof year\n1%\nAnnually\n4%\nRarely\n17.5%\nOnce a week\n8%\nOnce a month\n4.5%\nEvery few\nmonths\n61%\nDaily\nBeing an independent business owner means competing against large\nbusinesses, which increasingly have access to economies of scale and\nefficiencies that small businesses can’t take advantage of.\n17\nSource: Thumbtack survey, June 2015 (5,000 professionals)\nSource: Thumbtack Economic Sentiment Survey, November 2015 (18,000 professionals)\n ","18Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nof Thumbtack pros love what they do\n84%\n29%\nof the general\nAmerican population\nis engaged at work\nRunning a business isn’t easy, but it is rewarding. People love working for\nthemselves: 84 percent of professionals who find business on Thumbtack\nsay they agree or strongly agree with the statement “I love what I do.” In\ncontrast, a Gallup survey of the general working population found that only\n29 percent of Americans said they were “engaged” at work.\nvs.\n18\nSource: Gallup Organization; Thumbtack survey, June 2015 (5,000 professionals)\nThe Opportunity of Working for Yourself\n ","19\n“Being independent is always\nscary to some degree, but\nthanks to Thumbtack delivering\nclients, my practice is stable\nenough now that I never have\nto look for a job again. I am\nengaged on a deep level with\nmy clients and that gives me\ntremendous satisfaction. ”\nPROFESSIONAL SPOTLIGHT\nSandra Nutt\nAttorney since 2009\nThumbtack pro since 2010\nLocation: Van Nuys, CA\nPhotograph by Felipe Osorio\n ","20Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nWhat Can Policymakers Do to\nSupport Independent Workers?\nLocal and regional governments invest a lot in developing industrial\nstrategies that will attract large employers to their area with attractive\npackages of tax incentives and educated workers. But not every area\nwill be well-positioned to attract this type of employer, and even areas\nthat are successful in attracting high-skill, high-wage jobs will need to\nsupport the small businesses providing services to these workers.\nAs the costs of working for oneself continue to drop, opportunities for\nthis kind of work will expand. Areas that empower individuals to work for\nthemselves provide them with greater opportunities to find alternatives\nto traditional work and give them more opportunities to weather\neconomic downturns. Steps that policymakers can do to support this\nclass of independent worker include:\nMinimize regulatory barriers at the local level\n•\t Regulatory barriers such as overly burdensome\nor poorly enforced professional licensing rules\nare a barrier to entry for many professions and\nshould exist only to the bare minimum necessary\nto protect consumers in fields such as electrical\nwork or plumbing where low-quality service\nproviders present a danger to their clients.\nInvest in developing skills outside of educational\ninstitutions\n•\t Offering vocational training provides low-cost\nopportunities for workers to develop an in-\ndemand skill to serve their community.\n•\t Research has shown that apprenticeships\nfrequently end in employment for the apprentice\nwith a relatively high wage. Connecting micro-\nbusinesses to apprentices and providing support\nfor on-the-job skill training could help Skilled\nProfessionals grow their businesses and provide\nopportunities for young people who can’t afford\na more formal education.\nStrengthen the social safety net\n•\t Working for oneself means flexibility but also\nrisk—many self-employed individuals lack benefits\nor access to a social safety net that was built\naround full-time employment.\n•\t Detaching the social safety net from employment\nwould encourage more people to work for\nthemselves and would provide valuable social\ninsurance to people who take risks to create jobs.\n•\t Allow employers who don’t or can’t offer\nretirement plans to make tax-free contributions to\nindividual retirement accounts.\n•\t Create tax-preferred savings accounts to enable\nworkers to save income for emergencies or time\noff.\nWhen it comes to taxes, focus on reducing burden\nof compliance\n•\t For small businesses operating with thin margins,\nthe burden of tax compliance matters more than\nthe actual tax rate.\n•\t Thumbtack’s Small Business Friendliness Survey\nhas consistently found that tax complexity\nmatters more than the tax rate to small business\nowners when evaluating the friendliness of their\ncity or state. Simplifying compliance by making\nsure rules are clear, penalties are fair, and\nremittances are as painless as possible would\nhelp foster a friendlier environment for skilled\nprofessionals.\n ","21Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nConclusion\nThe rise of the so-called “gig economy” is a\nconfluence of some very old trends—the desire\nto be one’s own boss—and very new ones,\nincluding the ubiquity of smartphones and a\ngrowing comfort with purchasing goods and\nservices online. While the most visible aspects\nof the gig economy are high-profile logistics\ncompanies that deal in driving people and\ndelivering goods, over time these tasks are very\nlikely to be automated.\nWhat will endure is a segment of the economy\nthat has always worked gig to gig: the skilled\nprofessionals. These are skilled service\nproviders and creators who are empowered by\ndigital marketplaces to reach new clients more\nquickly and cheaply than any offline\nopportunity. These skilled professionals report\nhigh degrees of job satisfaction and are using\nthe opportunities they find online to earn more,\nbuild an enduring business, and create jobs.\nAbout the Authors\nJon Lieber Lucas Puente\nLucas Puente is the Economic Analyst at Thumbtack,\nwhere he studies Thumbtack's marketplace\ndynamics and the policy challenges facing small\nservice businesses. He has a master's degree and\nPh.D. from Stanford University and is a graduate of\nthe University of Georgia.\nJon Lieber is Thumbtack's Chief Economist and\nhead of policy research, studying trends in the\nlabor market, entrepreneurship, and the small\nbusiness economy. He has spent over a decade in\nWashington, D.C.,advising policymakers on\neconomic policy, and currently serves as a board\nmember for the Center for American\nEntrepreneurship, a research organization\ndedicated to improving the environment for\nstartups and entrepreneurs.\nEspecially important, empowering these skilled\nprofessionals could contribute to a turnaround\nin small business starts and offer a wider\navenue for people to enter the middle class.\nPolicy debates about the gig economy need to\nmove beyond arguments about worker\nclassification issues that only affect a narrow\ngroup of workers and focus instead on how we\ncan nurture the creation and growth of more\nskilled professionals.\nFor the foreseeable future, the vast majority of\nworkers will continue to look for and find full-\ntime work with a single employer. But for\nworkers who want more flexibility, it has never\nbeen cheaper or easier to start finding jobs or\nclients as a free agent. These trends have the\npotential to reshape the opportunities available\nto a generation of Americans, and\npolicymakers should work to enable these\nchanges, not stifle them.\n ","Caterers, Photographers, Movers, Wedding Officia\nPersonal Trainers, Academic Tutors, Landscapers, H\nHouse Cleaners, Music Teachers, Dog Trainers, We\nMassage Therapists, Accountants, Blacksmiths, Live\nRecruiters, Attorneys, Florists, Counselors, Bodygua\nGeneral Contractors, Organizers, Life Coaches, Pe\nThumbtack is a service that connects consumers to skilled professionals\nwho can help them do personal projects. Service providers in more than\n1,100 categories use Thumbtack to bid on leads for projects ranging from\nplumbing to wedding planning, piano lessons to legal representation.\nThumbtack sends over a billion dollars in new business to professionals\nacross the country every year. In contrast to firms that offer commoditized\ntasks “on demand,” Thumbtack connects consumers to established small\nbusinesses and skilled professionals that can complete complex projects.\nThumbtack’s network of over 200,000 active professionals across the\nUnited States largely reflects the demographic makeup of small business\nownership nationwide, allowing us to provide unique insights into how\nindependent workers are using the Internet to find new business and what\nchallenges they face in working for themselves.\nWho uses Thumbtack?\nContact info\npress@thumbtack.com\n360 9th Street\nSan Francisco, CA\n ","23Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\nAppendix A\n1.\t San Francisco, CA\n2.\t Chicago, IL\n3.\t Nashville, TN\n4.\t Boston, MA\n5.\t Las Vegas, NV\n6.\t Seattle, WA\n7.\t Washington, D.C.\n8.\t Los Angeles, CA\n9.\t San Diego, CA\n10.\t Denver, CO\n11.\t San Jose, CA\n12.\t Portland, OR\n13.\t New York, NY\n14.\t Pittsburgh, PA\n15.\t Philadelphia, PA\n16.\t Charlotte, NC\n17.\t Miami, FL\n18.\t Indianapolis, IN\n19.\t Sacramento, CA\n20.\t Milwaukee, WI\n21.\t Columbus, OH\n22.\t Baltimore, MD\n23.\t Houston, TX\n24.\t New Orleans, LA\n25.\t Tampa, FL\n26.\t Cleveland, OH\n27.\t Memphis, TN\n28.\t Minneapolis, MN\n29.\t Phoenix, AZ\n30.\t Buffalo, NY\n31.\t Richmond, VA\n32.\t Providence, RI\n33.\t Detroit, MI\n34.\t Dallas, TX\n35.\t Riverside, CA\n36.\t Virginia Beach, VA\n37.\t Hartford, CT\n38.\t Austin, TX\n39.\t Atlanta, GA\n40.\t Kansas City, MO\n41.\t Orlando, FL\n42.\t Oklahoma City, OK\n43.\t Cincinnati, OH\n44.\t St. Louis, MO\nTop Large Cities\n(1m+ population)\nTop Mid-Sized Cities\n(100k – 1m pop.)\n1.\t Palm Bay, FL\n2.\t Madison, WI\n3.\t Raleigh, NC\n4.\t Ann Arbor, MI\n5.\t Charlottesville, VA\n6.\t Champaign, IL\n7.\t Durham, NC\n8.\t Lexington, KY\n9.\t Fort Collins, CO\n10.\t Omaha, NE\n11.\t Charleston, SC\n12.\t Salt Lake City, UT\n13.\t Syracuse, NY\n14.\t Gainesville, FL\n15.\t Lansing, MI\n16.\t Santa Barbara, CA\n17.\t Lincoln, NE\n18.\t Wilmington, NC\n19.\t San Luis Obispo, CA\n20.\t Santa Rosa, CA\n21.\t Colorado Springs, CO\n22.\t Rochester, NY\n23.\t Tallahassee, FL\n24.\t Albuquerque, NM\n25.\t Knoxville, TN\n26.\t Reno, NV\n27.\t Tucson, AZ\n28.\t Des Moines, IA\n29.\t Kalamazoo, MI\n30.\t Eugene, OR\n31.\t Santa Cruz, CA\n32.\t Columbia, SC\n33.\t North Port, FL\n34.\t Spokane, WA\n35.\t Albany, NY\n36.\t Tulsa, OK\n37.\t Bridgeport, CT\n38.\t Birmingham, AL\n39.\t Fayetteville, AR\n40.\t Asheville, NC\n41.\t Greensboro, NC\n42.\t Huntsville, AL\n43.\t Fresno, CA\n44.\t Toledo, OH\n45.\t New Haven, CT\n46.\t Oxnard, CA\n47.\t Akron, OH\n48.\t Honolulu, HI\n49.\t Boise City, ID\n50.\t Portland, ME\n51.\t Manchester, NH\n52.\t Worcester, MA\n53.\t Baton Rouge, LA\n54.\t Chattanooga, TN\n55.\t Vallejo, CA\n56.\t Allentown, PA\n57.\t Stockton, CA\n58.\t Deltona, FL\n59.\t Greenville, SC\n60.\t Springfield, MA\n61.\t Harrisburg, PA\n62.\t Lancaster, PA\n63.\t Bakersfield, CA\n64.\t Dayton, OH\n65.\t El Paso, TX\n66.\t Little Rock, AR\nCities with the Highest Rates of Per Capita Adoption of Digital Platforms\nData based on dispersion of Twitter followers by location; collected February 2016\n ","24Beyond the Gig Economy | 2016\n1. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of\nLabor, The Economics Daily, Unemployment\nrates by educational attainment in April 2015 on\nthe Internet\n2. Autor, David. “The Polarization of Job\nOpportunities in the U.S. Labor Market,” The\nHamilton Project (accessed Feb. 12, 2016).\n3. Dvorkin, Maximiliano. “Jobs Involving Routine\nTasks Aren’t Growing,” Federal Reserve Bank of\nSt. Louis (accessed Feb. 12, 2016).\n4. Fuscalso, Donna. “High-Ranked Schools\nChurning Out High Earners – But Does It\nMatter?” Education News (accessed Feb. 12,\n2016).\n5. McAfee, Andrew. “Stop Requiring College\nDegrees,” Harvard Business Review (accessed\nFeb. 12, 2016).\n6. Cosco, Joey. “Airbnb’s CEO Explains His\nCompany in a Way Stephen Colbert Can\nUnderstand,” Business Insider (accessed Feb.\n12, 2016).\n7. Stewart, Ian; De, Debapratim; Cole, Alex.\n“Technology and People: The Great Job-\nCreating Machine,” Deloitte (accessed Feb. 12,\n2016).\n8. Plouffe, David. “Uber and the American Worker.”\nMedium (accessed Feb. 12, 2016).\n9. “Transcript: Nightly Business Report – July 2,\n2015,” Nightly Business Report (accessed Feb.\n12, 2016).\n10. Chriss, Alex. “Data Sheds New Light on the\nOn-Demand Economy – A New Era for the Self-\nEmployed,” Medium (accessed Feb. 12, 2016).\n11. Carson, Biz. “Why There’s a Good Chance Your\nUber Driver is New,” Business Insider (accessed\nFeb. 12, 2016).\n12. Frey, Carl; Osborne, Michael. “The Future of\nEmployment: How Susceptible Are Jobs To\nComputerisation?” (accessed Feb. 12, 2016).\n13. Mohan, Pavithra. “Why Uber CEO Travis Kalanick\nIs Betting Big On Self-Driving Cars.” Fast\nCompany (accessed Feb. 12, 2016).\n14. Hawkins, Andrew. “GM Is Investing $500 Million\nin Lyft to Develop Self-Driving Cars,” The Verge\n(accessed Feb. 12, 2016).\n15. Harris, Seth; Kruegar, Alan. “A Proposal for\nModernizing Labor Laws for Twenty-First\nCentury Work: The “Independent Worker,”\n(accessed Feb. 12, 2016).\n16. “Worldwide, 13% of Employees Are Engaged at\nWork,” Gallup (accessed Feb. 12, 2016).\n17. Lieber, Jon. “How Local Governments Are\nHelping – and Hurting – Small Businesses”\n(accessed Feb. 12, 2016).\n18. Zients, Jeffrey. “Expanding Apprenticeships to\nInvest in American Workers,” The White House\n(accessed Feb. 12, 2016).\nAppendix B\nSources and Additional Reading\n "],"twitterShareUrl":"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=SlideShare\u0026text=Beyond+the+Gig+Economy+by+%40lieber2k+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fslideshow%2Fbeyond-the-gig-economy%2F59281626","type":"document","slideDimensions":{"height":792,"width":612},"topReadSlides":[{"slideIndex":4,"ranking":2},{"slideIndex":23,"ranking":1},{"slideIndex":5,"ranking":3}],"user":{"id":"87072775","isFollowing":false,"login":"JonathanLieber1","name":"Jon Lieber","occupation":null,"organization":null,"photo":"https://public.slidesharecdn.com/v2/images/profile-picture.png","photoExists":false,"shortName":"Jon Lieber"},"views":104349},"_nextI18Next":{"initialI18nStore":{"en":{"common":{"ad":{"fallbackText":"Ad for Scribd subscription","label":"Ad","close":"Close Ad","dismiss_in":"Dismiss in","ad_info_title":"Why are you seeing this?","ad_info_description":"We use ads to keep content free and accessible for everyone. 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