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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Zauditu" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Zauditu" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Zauditu" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Biografie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jonge_jaren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jonge_jaren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Jonge jaren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jonge_jaren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Regering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laatste_jaren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laatste_jaren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Laatste jaren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laatste_jaren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zauditu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 45 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu" title="Zauditu – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Zauditu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%A5%E1%89%B5_%E1%8B%98%E1%8B%8D%E1%8B%B2%E1%89%B1" title="ንግሥት ዘውዲቱ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ንግሥት ዘውዲቱ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88" title="زيوديتو – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زيوديتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88" title="زيوديتو – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زيوديتو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88" title="زیودیتو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زیودیتو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu" title="Zewditu – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zewditu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu_I." title="Zauditu I. – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zauditu I." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu" title="Zauditu – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zauditu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ζαουντίτου – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζαουντίτου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu" title="Zewditu – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Zewditu" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu" title="Zauditu – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zauditu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu" title="Zewditu – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zewditu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88" title="زیودیتو – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیودیتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu" title="Zauditu – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zauditu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditou" title="Zewditou – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zewditou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu" title="Zauditu – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Zauditu" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu" title="Zewditu – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zewditu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="זאודיתו, קיסרית אתיופיה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זאודיתו, קיסרית אתיופיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaudita_I." title="Zaudita I. – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zaudita I." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu_eti%C3%B3p_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1rn%C5%91" title="Zauditu etióp császárnő – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zauditu etióp császárnő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Զաուդիտու – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զաուդիտու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu" title="Zewditu – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zewditu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu" title="Zewditu – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Zewditu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu" title="Zauditu – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Zauditu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaudit%C3%B9_d%27Etiopia" title="Zauditù d'Etiopia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zauditù d'Etiopia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A6%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5" title="ザウディトゥ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ザウディトゥ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3" title="ზაუდიტუ – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზაუდიტუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9A%B0%EB%94%94%ED%88%AC" title="자우디투 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자우디투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu" title="Zauditu – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zauditu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu" title="Zewditu – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zewditu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu_I_av_Etiopia" title="Zewditu I av Etiopia – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zewditu I av Etiopia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeuditu" title="Zeuditu – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zeuditu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu_da_Eti%C3%B3pia" title="Zauditu da Etiópia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zauditu da Etiópia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu" title="Zauditu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Zauditu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83" title="Заудиту – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Заудиту" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu_od_Etiopije" title="Zauditu od Etiopije – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zauditu od Etiopije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zavditu" title="Zavditu – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zavditu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Заудита – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Заудита" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu_I_av_Etiopien" title="Zewditu I av Etiopien – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zewditu I av Etiopien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zauditu_wa_Ethiopia" title="Zauditu wa Ethiopia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zauditu wa Ethiopia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="สมเด็จพระจักรพรรดินีนาถเซาดีตูที่ 1 แห่งเอธิโอเปีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมเด็จพระจักรพรรดินีนาถเซาดีตูที่ 1 แห่งเอธิโอเปีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Zewditu" title="I. Zewditu – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Zewditu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83_I" title="Завдіту I – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Завдіту I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu" title="Zewditu – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zewditu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%9B%BE" title="佐迪图 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="佐迪图" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q148524#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zauditu" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Zauditu </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">1876 - 1930 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Zewditu_Empress.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Zauditu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Zewditu_Empress.PNG/266px-Zewditu_Empress.PNG" decoding="async" width="266" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Zewditu_Empress.PNG/399px-Zewditu_Empress.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Zewditu_Empress.PNG 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_keizers_van_Ethiopi%C3%AB" title="Lijst van keizers van Ethiopië">Keizer van Ethiopië</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Periode </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> - <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorganger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iyasu_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iyasu V (de pagina bestaat niet)">Iyasu V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#eaeaea; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Vader </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Moeder </th> <td colspan="2">Abechi </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dynastie </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salomonsdynastie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salomonsdynastie (de pagina bestaat niet)">Huis van Salomon</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Zauditu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez" title="Ge'ez">Ge'ez</a>: ዘውዲቱ; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Werreyimenu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werreyimenu (de pagina bestaat niet)">Werreyimenu</a>, <a href="/wiki/29_april" title="29 april">29 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a> - <a href="/wiki/Addis_Abeba" title="Addis Abeba">Addis Abeba</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_april" title="2 april">2 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>) was <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_keizers_van_Ethiopi%C3%AB" title="Lijst van keizers van Ethiopië">keizerin van Ethiopië</a> tussen 1916 en 1930. Ze was het eerste vrouwelijke staatshoofd van een erkende Afrikaanse staat en ze was waarschijnlijk het eerste vrouwelijke staatshoofd van <a href="/wiki/Keizerrijk_Ethiopi%C3%AB" title="Keizerrijk Ethiopië">Ethiopië</a> sinds de <a href="/wiki/Koningin_van_Seba" title="Koningin van Seba">Makeda</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zauditu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zauditu&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jonge_jaren">Jonge jaren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zauditu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Jonge jaren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zauditu&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Jonge jaren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ze werd gedoopt met de naam <b>Askal Maryam</b> en verkreeg de naam Zauditu als roepnaam. Ze was de oudste dochter van de latere keizer <a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik II</a>. Haar moeder was een edelvrouwe uit de Ethiopische streek Wollo, maar toen Zauditu nog klein was scheidden haar ouders. Op tienjarige leeftijd werd ze uitgehuwelijkt aan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Araya_Selassie_Yohannes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Araya Selassie Yohannes (de pagina bestaat niet)">Araya Selassie Yohannes</a> en ging ze in <a href="/wiki/Mekelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekelle">Mekelle</a> wonen. Nadat haar echtgenoot in 1888 overleed keerde ze terug naar haar vaders hof in Shewa. </p><p>Zauditu kreeg vervolgens nog twee huwelijken die allebei betrekkelijk kort duurden. In 1900 huwde ze met <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gugsa_Welle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gugsa Welle (de pagina bestaat niet)">Gugsa Welle</a>, die een neef was van Zauditu's stiefmoeder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taytu_Betul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taytu Betul (de pagina bestaat niet)">Taytu Betul</a>. In tegenstelling tot haar eerdere huwelijken was haar huwelijk met Welle wel een gelukkig huwelijk. In de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slag_bij_Gallabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slag bij Gallabat (de pagina bestaat niet)">Slag bij Gallabat</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Mahdistenoorlog" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdistenoorlog">Mahdistenoorlog</a> sneuvelde keizer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohannes_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohannes IV (de pagina bestaat niet)">Yohannes IV</a> en werd hij opgevolgd door Zauditu's vader Menelik. In 1909 benoemde Menelik zijn kleinzoon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iyasu_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iyasu V (de pagina bestaat niet)">Iyasu</a> tot zijn erfgenaam. Iyasu verbande Zauditu en haar echtgenoot naar het platteland, omdat hij hen als een bedreiging voor zijn positie zag. </p><p>Vanwege de vrees tot instabiliteit werd de dood van Menelik II in 1913 niet publiekelijk gemaakt en was Iyasu nooit officieel keizer. Hij verkreeg nooit de volle steun van zowel de adel als de kerk. Na een paar jaar werd hij afgezet als keizer en werd Zauditu naar de hoofdstad gesommeerd om de kroon op zich te nemen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regering">Regering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zauditu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Regering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zauditu&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Regering"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Zewditu_and_favored_priest.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Zewditu_and_favored_priest.png/250px-Zewditu_and_favored_priest.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Zewditu_and_favored_priest.png/375px-Zewditu_and_favored_priest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Zewditu_and_favored_priest.png/500px-Zewditu_and_favored_priest.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Keizerin Zauditu met een van haar favoriete priesters</figcaption></figure> <p>Zauditu werd niet toegestaan om zelf de macht uit te oefenen en dus werd haar neef Ras <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Tafari Makonnen</a> als <a href="/wiki/Regent_(bestuurder)" title="Regent (bestuurder)">regent</a> aangesteld. Ras Tafari Makonnen werd tevens benoemd tot haar erfgenaam, aangezien geen van de kinderen van Zauditu de volwassen leeftijd had bereikt. Haar eerste regeringsjaren werden gekenmerkt door de oorlog tegen de afgezette Iyasu. In de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slag_bij_Wekale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slag bij Wekale (de pagina bestaat niet)">slag bij Wekale</a> werd Iyasu's vader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikael_van_Wollo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikael van Wollo (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mikael van Wollo</a>, gevangen genomen. Hij werd vervolgens naar <a href="/wiki/Addis_Abeba" title="Addis Abeba">Addis Abeba</a> gebracht waar hij in de straten werd vernederd voordat hij in het paleis de schoenen van Zauditu moest kussen en om vergeving moest vragen. </p><p>Naarmate de jaren van haar regering vorderden werd ook de tegenstelling tussen haar en haar opvolger Tafari Makonnen groter. Zauditu was conservatief ingesteld en wilde de Ethiopische tradities beschermen, terwijl Tafari vond dat Ethiopië moest moderniseren en zich open moest stellen om te overleven in de gemoderniseerde wereld. Langzamerhand trok Zauditu zich steeds meer terug uit het openbare politieke leven en onder de leiding van Tafari werd Ethiopië lid van de <a href="/wiki/Volkenbond" title="Volkenbond">Volkenbond</a> en werd de <a href="/wiki/Slavernij" title="Slavernij">slavernij</a> afgeschaft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laatste_jaren">Laatste jaren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zauditu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Laatste jaren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zauditu&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Laatste jaren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na een mislukte staatsgreep tegen Tafari in 1928 door een groep conservatieven rond Zauditu, werd ze gedwongen hem te benoemen tot <a href="/wiki/Negus" title="Negus">negus</a> (koning). Hij werd daarmee de feitelijke heerser van Ethiopië. In 1930 leidde Gugsa Welle, de echtgenoot van Zauditu, een opstand tegen de nieuwe koning, maar hij sneuvelde in de slag bij Anchem tegen het gemoderniseerde Ethiopische leger. Slechts twee dagen na zijn dood overleed ook Zauditu. Ze leed al enige tijd aan <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes</a> en zou ook <a href="/wiki/Buiktyfus" title="Buiktyfus">buiktyfus</a> hebben opgelopen, maar het is onzeker of dat haar doodsoorzaak was. Haar dood kort na die van haar man zorgde wel voor de nodige speculatie. Ze werd als keizer opgevolgd door Tafari Makonnen, die de naam <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> aannam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zauditu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zauditu&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161225213825/http://www.haileselassie.net/empress-zewditu-queen-of-kings-part-1/">Biografie</a></li></ul> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zauditu_of_Ethiopia#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zauditu of Ethiopia">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zauditu_of_Ethiopia#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zauditu of Ethiopia">Zauditu of Ethiopia</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu?oldid=">Zewditu</a> op de Engelstalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zewditu?offset=20180402235959&action=history">bewerkingsgeschiedenis</a></span> aldaar.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66936091">.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding{color:#ff0000;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding span{font-size:larger}</style></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zauditu&oldid=66975545">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zauditu&oldid=66975545</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Keizer_van_Ethiopi%C3%AB" title="Categorie:Keizer van Ethiopië">Keizer van Ethiopië</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 4 feb 2024 om 09:25.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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