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Hugo Drax - Wikipedia

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class="infobox ib-character"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above notheme">Sir Hugo Drax</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a></i> character</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugo_Drax_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/Hugo_Drax_1.jpg/220px-Hugo_Drax_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/Hugo_Drax_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="313" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lonsdale" title="Michael Lonsdale">Michael Lonsdale</a> as Hugo Drax</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appearance</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Moonraker_(novel)" title="Moonraker (novel)">Moonraker</a></i> (1955 novel)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last appearance</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Moonraker_(film)" title="Moonraker (film)">007 legends</a></i> (2012 video game)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Portrayed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lonsdale" title="Michael Lonsdale">Michael Lonsdale</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">In-universe information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gender</th><td class="infobox-data">Male</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data">Self-employed<br /><a href="/wiki/Blades_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Blades Club">Blades Club</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> (formerly; referenced in novel)<br /><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (novel)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_villains" title="List of James Bond villains">Villain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Henchmen</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Willy Krebs (novel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(James_Bond)" title="Jaws (James Bond)">Jaws</a></li> <li>Chang</li> <li>Blonde Beauty</li> <li>Museum Guide</li> <li>Lady Victoria Devon</li> <li>Countess Labinsky</li> <li>La Signorina del Mateo</li> <li>Mademoiselle Deladier</li> <li>Corinne Dufour</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Hugo Drax</b> is a fictional character created by author <a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a> for the 1955 James Bond novel <i><a href="/wiki/Moonraker_(novel)" title="Moonraker (novel)">Moonraker</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For the later <a href="/wiki/Moonraker_(film)" title="Moonraker (film)">film</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_and_Moonraker" title="James Bond and Moonraker">its novelization</a>, Drax was greatly altered from the novel by <a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">screenwriter</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wood_(writer)" title="Christopher Wood (writer)">Christopher Wood</a>. In the film, Drax is portrayed by English/French actor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lonsdale" title="Michael Lonsdale">Michael Lonsdale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In both the novel and film, Drax is the main <a href="/wiki/Antagonist" title="Antagonist">antagonist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Novel_biography">Novel biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Drax&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Novel biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the novel, Sir Hugo Drax is an English <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> soldier, believed to have been working in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> harbour before the war, who became a post-war millionaire. He has red hair, and half of his face is badly scarred from a German attack during the war. The same incident left him with <a href="/wiki/Amnesia" title="Amnesia">amnesia</a>. He is 6&#160;ft (183&#160;cm) tall. After the war, Drax made a fortune from trading metals in <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a> and was able to start up his company, Drax Metals Ltd, which specialises and has a monopoly in the production of the metal ore <a href="/wiki/Columbite" title="Columbite">columbite</a>. Drax is also the backer of the 'Moonraker' <a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">missile</a> project being built to defend the United Kingdom against its <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> enemies. Alloys made from columbite have superior temperature resistance over conventional metals, allowing the Moonraker to burn hotter fuels in its engines and thus greatly increase its range. </p><p>The novel reveals that Drax was born in Germany as <a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a> <b>Hugo von der Drache</b>. Because his mother was English, Von der Drache was educated in England until the age of 12. Afterwards he moved to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, where he continued and finished his education. After graduating, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> and entered the <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i> as a soldier in the <a href="/wiki/Panzer_Brigade_150" title="Panzer Brigade 150">Panzer Brigade 150</a>. At the outset of World War II he took part in the <a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a> campaigns in Belgium and France, before becoming a <a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Skorzeny</a> <a href="/wiki/Werwolf" title="Werwolf">Werwolf</a> <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commando</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Ardennes_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardennes offensive">Ardennes offensive</a> he stayed behind <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> lines when their forces crossed the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> and started operating in the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> with his commando group. During a mission, he dressed as a British soldier so that he could <a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">sabotage</a> and destroy a farmhouse holding a mixed liaison group of American and British servicemen, but he ended up at the same farm after being attacked by his own <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter</a> because he was wearing a British uniform. While he was still conscious, he managed to destroy his motorbike and documents. Later he was found and brought to the farm, so he was caught in the explosion and nearly killed. He was then rescued by the British and nursed back to health, faking amnesia and claiming to be a "missing soldier" by the name of Hugo Drax. After receiving his medical discharge from the British Army, he killed a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish people">Jewish</a> businessman in London, robbed him of £15,000, and escaped to Tangier to start his company. </p><p>Drax sets up the "Moonraker" missile project under the pretence of test-firing it into the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. His workers are former Nazis, including most of the members of his old commando unit, and his true aim is to establish German superiority over England. To that end, he has the missile fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear warhead">nuclear warhead</a> (provided by the <a href="/wiki/Soviets" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviets">Soviets</a>) and changes the flight plan to target London. Drax uses his knowledge of the impending disaster to play the currency exchange market, planning to make a huge profit from his own <a href="/wiki/Terrorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist">terrorist</a> act. Bond, with the help of <a href="/wiki/Special_Branch_(Metropolitan_Police)" title="Special Branch (Metropolitan Police)">Special Branch</a> agent Gala Brand, sabotages Drax's missile launch and targets the North Sea again. A Soviet submarine picks up Drax and his workers as part of their escape, but the vessel is destroyed by the blast of the nuclear warhead as it passes through the target area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inspiration">Inspiration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Drax&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Inspiration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The novel involved the idea of the "traitor within" throughout the course of the book.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack200516_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack200516-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Drax, real name Graf Hugo von der Drache, is a "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/megalomania" class="extiw" title="wikt:megalomania">megalomaniac</a> German Nazi who masquerades as an English gentleman",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack200581_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack200581-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> while his assistant, Krebs, bears the same name as <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(Wehrmacht_general)" title="Hans Krebs (Wehrmacht general)">last Chief of Staff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack200520_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack200520-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In using a German as the novel's main enemy, "Fleming&#160;... exploits another British cultural antipathy of the 1950s. Germans, in the wake of World War II, made another easy and obvious target for bad press."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack200581_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack200581-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Moonraker</i> uses two dictatorships that Fleming hated – the Nazis and the Soviets – as villains: Drax is German and works for the Soviets,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack200517_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack200517-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> who provide him with not only the atomic bomb, but the support and logistics to use it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack200522_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack200522-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fleming used aspects of his private life to create Drax; Fleming named the character after an acquaintance <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Plunkett" class="mw-redirect" title="Reginald Plunkett">Admiral Sir Reginald Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacintyre200888_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacintyre200888-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other elements of the plot came from Fleming's knowledge of wartime operations carried out by <a href="/wiki/T-Force" title="T-Force">T-Force</a>, a secret British Army unit formed to continue the work of <a href="/wiki/30_Assault_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="30 Assault Unit">30 Assault Unit</a>, itself created by Fleming.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongden2009312_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongden2009312-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_biography">Film biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Drax&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Film biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the film adaptation, Hugo Drax is a lavish <a href="/wiki/Germans_in_France" title="Germans in France">French-German</a> billionaire who owns <i>Drax Industries</i>, a private company which constructs <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttles</a> for <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. Though Drax lives in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, he resides in a fully authentic <a href="/wiki/Vaux-le-Vicomte" title="Vaux-le-Vicomte">French chateau</a> that was disassembled at its original site, transported to the United States, and rebuilt stone by stone. Drax also supposedly owns the <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Tower</a>, but has not been able to secure a permit from the French government to export it out of the country. He is an accomplished pianist, playing <a href="/wiki/Chopin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopin">Chopin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Prelude,_Op._28,_No._15_(Chopin)" title="Prelude, Op. 28, No. 15 (Chopin)">"Raindrop" Prelude</a> on his grand piano for his guests. </p><p>Bond follows a trail around the world to investigate the theft of a space shuttle that Drax had loaned to the UK. He begins his investigation in California at Drax Industries, and follows it to <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, then into space. </p><p>Drax reveals that he seeks to destroy the entire human race except for a small group of carefully selected humans, both male and female, that would leave Earth on six shuttles and have sanctuary on a space station in orbit over Earth. Using chemical weapons created by Drax's scientists—derived from the toxin of a rare South American plant, the Black Orchid—at an installation in Italy, he would wipe out the remainder of humanity. The biological agents were to be dispersed around the Earth from a series of 50 strategically placed globes, each containing enough toxin to kill 100 million people. After a period of time, when the <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">chemical agents</a> had become harmless, Drax and his <a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">master race</a> would return to Earth to reinhabit the planet. </p><p>Bond obtains a sample of the chemical agent at the location in Italy. It leads him to a remote part of Brazil, where he finds Drax's shuttle-launch facility in an ancient civilization's shrine. </p><p>Bond and his companion, <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> agent Dr. <a href="/wiki/Holly_Goodhead" title="Holly Goodhead">Holly Goodhead</a>, commandeer one of Drax's space shuttles and blast off to his orbiting space station. Bond persuades Drax's henchman <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(James_Bond)" title="Jaws (James Bond)">Jaws</a> to switch allegiances by getting Drax to reveal that Jaws and his girlfriend Dolly will be exterminated as "inferiors". A team of marines sent by the U.S. government invade the space station, resulting in a laser battle in which Drax's "master race" are all killed. Bond then corners Drax in the station's airlock, shoots him with a <a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">cyanide</a>-tipped dart, and ejects him into space. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Henchmen">Henchmen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Drax&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Henchmen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(James_Bond)" title="Jaws (James Bond)">Jaws</a> – changed sides and survived</li> <li>Chang – thrown through a clock face by Bond, landing in a piano</li> <li>Tree Sniper – shot by Bond</li> <li>Corrine Dufour – eaten by Drax's dogs</li> <li>Samuel – unknown</li> <li>Blonde Beauty – presumed killed during destruction of the space station</li> <li>Museum Guide – presumed killed during destruction of the space station</li> <li>La Signorina del Mateo – presumed killed during destruction of the space station</li> <li>Paramedic – strapped to a stretcher and sent crashing head first into a billboard</li> <li>Mademoiselle Deladier – presumed killed during destruction of the space station</li> <li>Countess Labinsky – presumed killed during destruction of the space station</li> <li>Lady Victoria Devon – presumed killed during destruction of the space station</li> <li>Cavendish – survived</li> <li>Fraser – survived</li> <li>Dolly – fell in love with Jaws and survived</li> <li>Innumerable foot-soldiers clad in sporty lemon-yellow spacesuits with black stripes</li> <li>Italian gangsters in Venice</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novelization">Novelization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Drax&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Novelization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_and_Moonraker" title="James Bond and Moonraker">his novelization of the movie</a>, screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wood_(writer)" title="Christopher Wood (writer)">Christopher Wood</a> describes Drax as red-haired and with a face scarred and botched by poor plastic surgery (from a time "before he could afford the best in the world"), much as originally envisioned by Fleming. Although Drax's nationality is not specified, Bond idly wonders to himself which side he fought on during World War II. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Drax&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hugo Drax appears as a playable character in <i><a href="/wiki/GoldenEye_007_(2010_video_game)" title="GoldenEye 007 (2010 video game)">GoldenEye 007</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Nintendo Wii</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/GoldenEye_007_(2010_video_game)" title="GoldenEye 007 (2010 video game)">GoldenEye 007: Reloaded</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a> and <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PS3</a>.</li> <li>Hugo Drax appears in <i><a href="/wiki/007_Legends" title="007 Legends">007 Legends</a></i> during the <i>Moonraker</i> levels with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lonsdale" title="Michael Lonsdale">Michael Lonsdale</a> reprising his role.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Drax&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_villains" title="List of James Bond villains">List of James Bond villains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_James_Bond" title="Outline of James Bond">Outline of James Bond</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Drax&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYT-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCanby1979" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Canby, Vincent</a> (June 29, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=EE05E7DF1731E36EBC4151DFB0668382669EDE">"Moonraker (1979)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. New York City<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Moonraker+%281979%29&amp;rft.date=1979-06-29&amp;rft.aulast=Canby&amp;rft.aufirst=Vincent&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3Fres%3DEE05E7DF1731E36EBC4151DFB0668382669EDE&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugo+Drax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRovin1987" class="citation book cs1">Rovin, Jeff (1987). <i>The Encyclopedia of Supervillains</i>. New York: Facts on File. pp.&#160;318–319. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-1356-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-1356-X"><bdi>0-8160-1356-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Supervillains&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=318-319&amp;rft.pub=Facts+on+File&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=0-8160-1356-X&amp;rft.aulast=Rovin&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeff&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugo+Drax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack200516-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack200516_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2005">Black 2005</a>, p.&#160;16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack200581-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack200581_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack200581_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2005">Black 2005</a>, p.&#160;81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack200520-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack200520_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2005">Black 2005</a>, p.&#160;20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack200517-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack200517_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2005">Black 2005</a>, p.&#160;17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack200522-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack200522_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2005">Black 2005</a>, p.&#160;22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacintyre200888-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacintyre200888_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacintyre2008">Macintyre 2008</a>, p.&#160;88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlade2015" class="citation news cs1">Slade, Darren (25 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bournemouthecho.co.uk/news/13892816.revealed-james-bonds-11-surprising-connections-to-dorset-and-the-new-forest">"Revealed: James Bond's 11 surprising connections to Dorset and the New Forest"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_Daily_Echo" title="Bournemouth Daily Echo">Bournemouth Daily Echo</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bournemouth+Daily+Echo&amp;rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+James+Bond%27s+11+surprising+connections+to+Dorset+and+the+New+Forest&amp;rft.date=2015-10-25&amp;rft.aulast=Slade&amp;rft.aufirst=Darren&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bournemouthecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2F13892816.revealed-james-bonds-11-surprising-connections-to-dorset-and-the-new-forest&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugo+Drax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongden2009312-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongden2009312_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongden2009">Longden 2009</a>, p.&#160;312.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Drax&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Black_(historian)" title="Jeremy Black (historian)">Black, Jeremy</a> (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofjamesb0000blac"><i>The Politics of James Bond: From Fleming's Novels to the Big Screen</i></a></span>. U of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-6240-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-6240-9"><bdi>978-0-8032-6240-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+James+Bond%3A+From+Fleming%27s+Novels+to+the+Big+Screen&amp;rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8032-6240-9&amp;rft.aulast=Black&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeremy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticsofjamesb0000blac&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugo+Drax" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacintyre2008" class="citation book cs1">Macintyre, Ben (2008). <i>For Your Eyes Only</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-9527-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-9527-4"><bdi>978-0-7475-9527-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=For+Your+Eyes+Only&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7475-9527-4&amp;rft.aulast=Macintyre&amp;rft.aufirst=Ben&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugo+Drax" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongden2009" class="citation book cs1">Longden, Sean (2009). <i>T-Force: The Forgotten Heroes of 1945</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Constable_%26_Robinson" title="Constable &amp; Robinson">Constable &amp; Robinson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84529-727-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84529-727-5"><bdi>978-1-84529-727-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=T-Force%3A+The+Forgotten+Heroes+of+1945&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Constable+%26+Robinson&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84529-727-5&amp;rft.aulast=Longden&amp;rft.aufirst=Sean&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugo+Drax" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#C1D8FF;">Status </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:26%; text-align:center;">Preceded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a></b> </td> <td style="width:48%; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_villains#Eon_Productions_films" title="List of James Bond villains">Oldest living Bond villain actor</a><br /><small>Played by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lonsdale" title="Michael Lonsdale">Michael Lonsdale</a></small></b><br />June 7, 2015 – September 21, 2020 </td> <td style="width:26%; text-align:center;">Succeeded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Julian_Glover" title="Julian Glover">Julian Glover</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:James_Bond_characters" title="Template:James Bond characters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:James_Bond_characters" title="Template talk:James Bond characters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:James_Bond_characters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:James Bond characters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="James_Bond_characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a></i> characters</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">James Bond</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Bond_(literary_character)" title="James Bond (literary character)">Novel character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_James_Bond_in_film" title="Portrayal of James Bond in film">Film character</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Bond_(reboot_series_character)" title="James Bond (reboot series character)">reboot series</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_allies" title="List of James Bond allies">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/00_Agent" title="00 Agent">00 Agents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_(James_Bond)" title="M (James Bond)">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Moneypenny" title="Miss Moneypenny">Miss Moneypenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_(James_Bond)" title="Q (James Bond)">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Tanner" title="Bill Tanner">Bill Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Leiter" title="Felix Leiter">Felix Leiter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bond_girl" title="Bond girl">Bond girls</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aki_(James_Bond)" title="Aki (James Bond)">Aki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anya_Amasova" title="Anya Amasova">Anya Amasova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Bond" title="Tracy Bond">Tracy Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Case" title="Tiffany Case">Tiffany Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Day_(James_Bond)" title="May Day (James Bond)">May Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pussy_Galore" title="Pussy Galore">Pussy Galore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Goodhead" title="Holly Goodhead">Holly Goodhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinx_(James_Bond)" title="Jinx (James Bond)">Jinx Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektra_King" title="Elektra King">Elektra King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wai_Lin" title="Wai Lin">Wai Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesper_Lynd" title="Vesper Lynd">Vesper Lynd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Montes" title="Camille Montes">Camille Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenia_Onatopp" title="Xenia Onatopp">Xenia Onatopp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Romanova" title="Tatiana Romanova">Tatiana Romanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_Ryder" title="Honey Ryder">Honey Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9v%C3%A9rine" title="Sévérine">Sévérine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalya_Simonova" title="Natalya Simonova">Natalya Simonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitaire_(James_Bond)" title="Solitaire (James Bond)">Solitaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacey_Sutton" title="Stacey Sutton">Stacey Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissy_Suzuki" title="Kissy Suzuki">Kissy Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Swann" title="Madeleine Swann">Madeleine Swann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_Vitali" title="Domino Vitali">Domino Vitali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Volpe" title="Fiona Volpe">Fiona Volpe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_villains" title="List of James Bond villains">Villains</a> and <br /> henchmen/henchwomen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Trevelyan" title="Alec Trevelyan">Alec Trevelyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auric_Goldfinger" title="Auric Goldfinger">Auric Goldfinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Whitaker" title="Brad Whitaker">Brad Whitaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektra_King" title="Elektra King">Elektra King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Largo" title="Emilio Largo">Emilio Largo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Stavro_Blofeld" title="Ernst Stavro Blofeld">Ernst Stavro Blofeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Volpe" title="Fiona Volpe">Fiona Volpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Scaramanga" title="Francisco Scaramanga">Francisco Scaramanga</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hugo Drax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(James_Bond)" title="Jaws (James Bond)">Jaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_No" title="Julius No">Julius No</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Stromberg" title="Karl Stromberg">Karl Stromberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chiffre" title="Le Chiffre">Le Chiffre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Zorin" title="Max Zorin">Max Zorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Day_(James_Bond)" title="May Day (James Bond)">May Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Wint_and_Mr._Kidd" title="Mr. Wint and Mr. Kidd">Mr. Wint and Mr. Kidd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necros_(James_Bond)" title="Necros (James Bond)">Necros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oddjob" title="Oddjob">Oddjob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pussy_Galore" title="Pussy Galore">Pussy Galore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Silva" title="Raoul Silva">Raoul Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Klebb" title="Rosa Klebb">Rosa Klebb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Romanova" title="Tatiana Romanova">Tatiana Romanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Case" title="Tiffany Case">Tiffany Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesper_Lynd" title="Vesper Lynd">Vesper Lynd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenia_Onatopp" title="Xenia Onatopp">Xenia Onatopp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SPECTRE" title="SPECTRE">SPECTRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Union_(James_Bond)" title="The Union (James Bond)">The Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blades_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Blades Club">Blades Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMERSH#In_popular_culture" title="SMERSH">SMERSH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recurring_characters_in_the_James_Bond_film_series" title="List of recurring characters in the James Bond film series">List of recurring characters in the James Bond film series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:James_Bond_characters" title="Category:James Bond characters">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6855777b7b‐7pf2h Cached time: 20241204115039 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.356 seconds Real time usage: 0.485 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1894/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33562/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3688/2097152 bytes Highest expansion 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