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<div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Birth and retirement of Maigret, 1929–1939 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_and_retirement_of_Maigret,_1929–1939-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War,_1939–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War,_1939–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Second World War, 1939–1945 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War,_1939–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_and_Canada,_1945–1955" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_and_Canada,_1945–1955"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 United States and Canada, 1945–1955 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_and_Canada,_1945–1955-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Europe,_1955–1989" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Europe,_1955–1989"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Return to Europe, 1955–1989 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Europe,_1955–1989-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_and_critical_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_and_critical_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Works and critical reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works_and_critical_reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works and critical reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works_and_critical_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maigret_novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maigret_novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Maigret novels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maigret_novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romans_durs_("hard_novels")" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romans_durs_("hard_novels")"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Romans durs ("hard novels") </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romans_durs_("hard_novels")-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Honours and legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Selected works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Film adaptations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stage_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stage_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Stage adaptations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stage_adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Biographies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Georges Simenon</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" > 74 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="جورج سيمنون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج سيمنون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AA_%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ժորժ Սիմենոն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ժորժ Սիմենոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorj_Simenon" title="Jorj Simenon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jorj Simenon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%DA%98_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="ژرژ سیمنون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژرژ سیمنون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8" title="জর্জ সিম্‌নোন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জর্জ সিম্‌নোন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Жорж Сіменон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жорж Сіменон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Жорж Сымэнон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жорж Сымэнон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Жорж Сименон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жорж Сименон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B6_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Ζωρζ Σιμενόν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζωρζ Σιμενόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%DA%98_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="ژرژ سیمنون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژرژ سیمنون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%B4%EC%A3%BC_%EC%8B%AC%EB%86%8D" title="조르주 심농 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조르주 심농" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AA_%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ժորժ Սիմենոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժորժ Սիմենոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%96%27_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ז'ורז' סימנון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'ורז' סימנון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9F_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჟორჟ სიმენონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟორჟ სიმენონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Жорж Жозеф Кристиан Сименон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жорж Жозеф Кристиан Сименон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Simenon" title="Georgius Simenon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgius Simenon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDor%C5%BEs_Simenons" title="Žoržs Simenons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žoržs Simenons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Жорж Сименон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жорж Сименон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9F_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჟორჟ სიმენონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჟორჟ სიმენონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="جورج سيمنون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورج سيمنون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%B1%DA%98_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="ژرژ سیمنون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ژرژ سیمنون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Жорж Сименон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жорж Сименон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3" title="ジョルジュ・シムノン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョルジュ・シムノン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6" title="Сименон, Жорж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сименон, Жорж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%86%D8%B1%DA%98_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%DB%86%D9%86" title="ژۆرژ سیمنۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژۆرژ سیمنۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Жорж Сименон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жорж Сименон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Жорж Сименон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Жорж Сименон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Жорж Сіменон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жорж Сіменон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B2_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="جارجز سیمنون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جارجز سیمنون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Georges Simenon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E9%BB%98%E5%86%9C" title="乔治·西默农 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乔治·西默农" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Belgian writer (1903–1989)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Simenon" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Simenon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Simenon (disambiguation)">Simenon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Georges Simenon</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_Simenon_(1963)_without_hat_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Simenon in 1963"><img alt="Simenon in 1963" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Georges_Simenon_%281963%29_without_hat_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="300" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Simenon in 1963</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Georges Joseph Christian Simenon (1903-02-12)12 February 1903 or (1903-02-13)13 February 1903 <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a>, Belgium</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">4 September 1989(1989-09-04) (aged 86) <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romandy" title="Romandy">Romandy</a>, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Pen name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">G. Sim, Monsieur Le Coq</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Novelist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">Belgian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Collège Saint-Louis, Liège</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1919–1981</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_royale_de_Belgique" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie royale de Belgique">Académie royale de Belgique</a> (1952)</td></tr></tbody></table> Georges Joseph Christian Simenon (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʒɔʁʒ simnɔ̃]</a>; 12/13 February 1903 – 4 September 1989) was a Belgian writer, most famous for his fictional detective <a href="/wiki/Jules_Maigret" title="Jules Maigret">Jules Maigret</a>. One of the most popular authors of the 20th century, he published around 400 novels (including 192 under his own name), 21 volumes of memoirs and many short stories, selling over 500 million copies. Apart from his detective fiction, he achieved critical acclaim for his literary novels, which he called romans durs (hard novels). Among his literary admirers were <a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Max Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a>. Gide wrote, “I consider Simenon a great novelist, perhaps the greatest, and the most genuine novelist that we have had in contemporary French literature.”<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, Belgium, Simenon lived for extended periods in France (1922–1945), the United States (1946–1955) and finally Switzerland (1957–1989). Much of his work is semi-autobiographical, inspired by his childhood and youth in Liège, extensive travels in Europe and the world, wartime experiences, troubled marriages, and numerous love affairs. Critics such as <a href="/wiki/John_Banville" title="John Banville">John Banville</a> have praised Simenon's novels for their psychological insights and vivid evocation of time and place. Among his most notable works are The Saint-Fiacre Affair (1932), Monsieur Hire's Engagement (1933), Act of Passion (1947), The Snow was Dirty (1948) and The Cat (1967). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simenon-rue_Leopold.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Simenon-rue_Leopold.jpg/170px-Simenon-rue_Leopold.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Simenon-rue_Leopold.jpg/255px-Simenon-rue_Leopold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Simenon-rue_Leopold.jpg/340px-Simenon-rue_Leopold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1305" data-file-height="1701" /></a><figcaption>26 rue Léopold, Liège, the house where Simenon was born</figcaption></figure> Simenon was born at 26 Rue Léopold (Liège) (now number 24) to Désiré Simenon and his wife Henriette Brüll. Désiré Simenon worked in an accounting office at an insurance company and had married Henriette in April 1902. Simenon was born either at 11.30 pm on Thursday 12 February 1903 (according to the birth certificate) or just after midnight on Friday 13th (the date possibly being falsified on the certificate due to superstition).<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The Simenon family was of <a href="/wiki/Walloons" title="Walloons">Walloon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a> ancestry, settling in the <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Belgium)" title="Limburg (Belgium)">Belgian Limburg</a> in the seventeenth century.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> His mother's family was of Flemish, Dutch and German descent. One of his mother's most notorious ancestors was <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Br%C3%BChl" title="Gabriel Brühl">Gabriel Brühl</a>, a criminal who preyed on Limburg from the 1720s until he was hanged in 1743.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> Later Simenon would use Brühl as one of his many pen names.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> In April 1905, two years after Simenon's birth, the family moved to 3 rue Pasteur (now 25 rue Georges Simenon) in Liège's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Outremeuse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outremeuse (page does not exist)">Outremeuse</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outremeuse" class="extiw" title="fr:Outremeuse">fr</a>] neighbourhood. Simenon's brother Christian was born in September 1906 and eventually became their mother's favourite child, which Simenon resented.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The young Simenon, however, idolised his father and later claimed to have partly modelled Maigret's temperament on him.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> At the age of three, Simenon learned to read at the Ecole Guardienne run by the Sisters of Notre Dame. Then, between 1908 and 1914, he attended the Institut Saint-André, run by the Christian Brothers.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In 1911 the Simenons moved to 53 rue de la Loi, where they took in lodgers, many of them students from Eastern Europe, Jews and political refugees.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> This gave the young Simenon an introduction to the wider world, which was later reflected his novels, notably Pedigree (published 1948) and Le Locataire (The Lodger) (1938). Following the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, Liège was occupied by the German army. Henriette took in German officers as lodgers, much to Désiré's disapproval. Simenon later said that the war years provided some of the happiest times of his life. They were also memorable for a child because "my father cheated, my mother cheated, everyone cheated."<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> In October 1914 Simenon began his studies at the Collège Saint-Louis, a <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> high school. After a year he switched to Collège St Servais, where he studied for three years. He excelled at French, but his marks in other subjects declined. He read widely in the Russian, French and English classics, frequently played truant, and turned to petty theft in order to buy pastries and other war-time luxuries.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> In 1917 the Simenon family moved to a former post-office building in the rue des Maraîchers.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Using his father's heart condition as a pretext, Simenon left school in June 1918 without taking his end-of-year exams.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> After brief periods working in a pâtisserie and a bookshop, Simenon found himself unemployed when the war ended in November 1918. He witnessed scenes of violent retribution against residents of Liège accused of collaboration, which stayed with him for the rest of his life. He described these scenes in Pedigree and Les trois crimes de mes amis (My Friends' Three Crimes) (1938).<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career,_1919–1922">Early career, 1919–1922</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career, 1919–1922">edit</a>]</div> In January 1919 the 15-year-old Simenon took a job as a junior reporter at the Gazette de Liège, a right-wing Catholic newspaper edited by Joseph Demarteau.<a href="#cite_note-Beckerp3782-14">[14]</a> Within a few months he was promoted to crime reporting, signing his articles "Georges Sim". By April he was given his own opinion and gossip column, which he signed "Monsieur Le Coq". He was also assigned interviews with leading international figures such as Hirohito, Crown Prince of Japan, and French war hero Marshal Foch. In 1920-21 he enrolled on a course in forensic science at the University of Liège in order to improve his knowledge of the latest police methods.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In May 1920 Simenon began publishing short fiction in the Gazette. In September he completed his first novel, Au Pont des Arches, which he self-published in 1921.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> He wrote two other novels while working at the Gazette, but these were never published.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In June 1919 Simenon had been introduced into a group of young artists and bohemians that called itself "Le Caque" (herring barrel). The group met at night to drink, discuss art and philosophy, and experiment with drugs such as morphine and cocaine. In early 1922 one of the members of the group, Joseph Kleine, hanged himself at the doors of the St Pholien church of Liège after a night of excess with Le Caque. Simenon was one of the last people to see Kleine alive and was deeply affected by his suicide, later referring to the incident in Les trois crimes de mes amis and Le pendu de St Pholien (The Hanged Man of Saint Pholien) (1931).<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Through Le Caque, Simenon met a young painter, Régine Renchon, and in early 1921 they began a relationship. They soon became engaged and agreed that Simenon should complete his year of compulsory military service before they married.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Simenon's father died in November 1921, an event that Simenon called "the most important day in a man's life." Soon after, he began his military service. After a brief posting with the allied occupation forces in Germany, he was transferred to the cavalry barracks in Liège and was soon given permission to resume writing for the Gazette.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> When Simenon's military service ended in December 1922, he resigned from the Gazette and moved to Paris to establish a base for himself and his future wife, Régine, whom he preferred to call Tigy.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="France,_1922–1945">France, 1922–1945</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: France, 1922–1945">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_apprenticeship,_1922–1928">Literary apprenticeship, 1922–1928</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Literary apprenticeship, 1922–1928">edit</a>]</div> Now in Paris, Simenon found a menial job with a far-right political group headed by the writer <a href="/wiki/Binet-Valmer" title="Binet-Valmer">Binet-Valmer</a>. In March 1923 he returned to Liège to marry Régine. Although neither Simenon nor Régine were religious, they were married in a Catholic church to please Simenon's mother, who was devout.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The newly-weds moved to Paris where Régine tried to establish herself as a painter while Simenon resumed work for Binet-Valmer and sent articles to the Revue Sincère of Brussels for which he was the Paris correspondent. He also wrote short stories for popular magazines, but sales were sporadic.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In the summer of 1923, Simenon was engaged by the Marquis de Tracy as his private secretary, which obliged him to spend nine months of the year at the aristocrat's various rural properties. Régine soon moved to a village near the Marquis's principal estate at <a href="/wiki/Paray-le-Fr%C3%A9sil" title="Paray-le-Frésil">Paray-le-Frésil</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Moulins,_Allier" title="Moulins, Allier">Moulins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> While working for the Marquis, Simenon began submitting stories to <a href="/wiki/Le_Matin_(France)" title="Le Matin (France)">Le Matin</a> whose literary editor was <a href="/wiki/Colette" title="Colette">Colette</a>. Colette advised him to make his work "less literary" which Simenon took to mean that he should use simple descriptions and a limited stock of common words. Simenon followed her advice and within a year became one of the paper's regular contributors.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Now with a steady income from his writing, Simenon left the Marquis' employ in 1924 and returned to Paris where he and Régine found an apartment in the fashionable <a href="/wiki/Place_des_Vosges" title="Place des Vosges">Place des Vosges</a>. Simenon was writing and selling short stories at the rate of 80 typed pages a day, and now turned his hand to pulp novels. His first, Le roman d'une dactylo (The Story of a Typist) was quickly sold and two more appeared in 1924 under the pseudonyms "Jean du Perry" and "Georges Simm".<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> From 1921 to 1934 he used a total of 17 pen names while writing 358 novels and short stories.<a href="#cite_note-Beckerp3792-27">[27]</a> In the summer of 1925, the Simenons took a holiday in Normandy where they met Henriette Liberge, the 18-year-old daughter of a fisherman. Régine offered her a job as their housekeeper in Paris and the young woman accepted. Simenon began calling her "Boule", and she was to become his lover and part of the Simenon household under that name for the next 39 years.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Simenon began an affair with <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Baker" title="Josephine Baker">Josephine Baker</a> in 1926 or 1927, and became her part-time assistant and editor of Josephine Baker's Magazine.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> However, the Simenons were tiring of their hectic life in Paris, and in April 1928 they set out with Boule for a six-month tour of the rivers and canals of France in a small boat, the Ginette. Without the distractions provided by Josephine Baker, Simenon's tally of published popular novels increased from 11 in 1927 to 44 in 1928.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_and_retirement_of_Maigret,_1929–1939">Birth and retirement of Maigret, 1929–1939</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Birth and retirement of Maigret, 1929–1939">edit</a>]</div> In the spring of 1929, the Simenons and Boule set off for a tour of northern France, Belgium and Holland in a larger, custom-built boat, the Ostrogoth. Simenon had begun contributing detective stories to a new magazine called Détective and continued to publish popular novels, mainly with the publishers Fayard.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delfzijl_Maigret_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Delfzijl_Maigret_01.jpg/170px-Delfzijl_Maigret_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Delfzijl_Maigret_01.jpg/255px-Delfzijl_Maigret_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Delfzijl_Maigret_01.jpg/340px-Delfzijl_Maigret_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jules_Maigret" title="Jules Maigret">Maigret</a> statue in <a href="/wiki/Delfzijl" title="Delfzijl">Delfzijl</a>, Netherlands</figcaption></figure>During his northern tour, Simenon wrote three popular novels featuring a police inspector named Maigret, but only one, Train de nuit (Night Train) was accepted by Fayard. Simenon began working on the latter novel (or possibly its successor Pietr-le-Letton (Pietr the Latvian)) in September 1929 when the Ostrogoth was undergoing repairs in the Dutch city of <a href="/wiki/Delfzijl" title="Delfzijl">Delfzijl</a>, and the city is now celebrated as the birthplace of Simenon's most famous character.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-33">[33]</a> On his return to Paris in April 1930, Simenon completed Pietr-le-Letton, the first novel in which commissioner Maigret of the Paris mobile crime brigade was a fully developed character. The novel was serialised in Fayard's magazine Ric et Rac later that year, and was the first fictional work to appear under Simenon's real name.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-33">[33]</a> The first Maigret novels were launched in book form by Fayard in February 1931 at the fancy dress bal anthropométrique which had a police and criminals theme. The launching party was widely reported and the novels received positive reviews. Simenon wrote 19 Maigret novels by the end of 1933, and the series eventually sold 500 million copies.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In April 1932, the Simenons and Boule moved to <a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> in south-west France. Soon after, they left for Africa where Simenon visited his brother, who was a colonial administrator in the Belgian Congo. Simenon also visited other African colonies and wrote a series of articles highly critical of colonialism. He drew on his African experience in novels such as Le Coup de Lune (Tropic Moon) (1933) and 450 à l'ombre (Aboard the Aquitaine) (1936).<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In 1933, the Simenons visited Germany and Eastern Europe, and Simenon secured an interview with <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> in exile in Turkey for <a href="/wiki/Paris-soir" title="Paris-soir">Paris-Soir</a>. On his return, he announced that he would write no more Maigret novels, and signed a contract with the prestigious publisher Gallimard for his new work.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Maigret, written in June 1933, was intended to be the last of the series and ended with the detective in retirement. Simenon called the Maigret novels "semi-literary" and he wanted to establish himself as a serious writer. He stated his aim was to win the Nobel Prize for Literature by 1947.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Simenon's notable novels of the 1930s, written after the temporary retirement of Maigret, include Le testament Donadieu (The Shadow Falls) (1937), L'homme qui regardait passer les trains (The Man who Watched the Trains Go By) (1938) and Le bourgmestre de Furnes (The Burgomaster of Furnes) (1939).<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a> were among Simenon's greatest literary admirers at the time.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In 1935, the Simenons undertook a world tour which included the Americas, the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and India.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> They then moved back to Paris, to the fashionable Neuilly district, where they lived a life of luxury that Simenon later described as "too sumptuous".<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> They moved home to La Rochelle in 1938 because, as Simenon later explained, "I was sickened by the life I was leading." In April the following year Simenon's first child, Marc, was born.<a href="#cite_note-:22-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War,_1939–1945">Second World War, 1939–1945</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second World War, 1939–1945">edit</a>]</div> Simenon was in a café in La Rochelle when France declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939.<a href="#cite_note-:22-43">[43]</a> In May 1940, Germany invaded Belgium, and La Rochelle became the reception centre for Belgian refugees. The Belgian government appointed Simenon Commissioner for Refugees, and he organised the reception, accommodation, and food and health needs for some 55,000 war refugees before the armistice of 22 June. By August, all Belgian refugees had been repatriated and Simenon resumed civilian life in his new home at <a href="/wiki/Fontenay-le-Comte" title="Fontenay-le-Comte">Fontenay-le-Compte</a> in the Vendée.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Later in 1940, a local doctor examined Simenon and diagnosed a serious heart illness, advising him to cut back on his favourite pastimes of pipe smoking, excessive eating, alcohol, and sex. Simenon began working on his memoirs Je me souviens (I remember), intended as a letter to his son from a father who would soon be dead. A second medical opinion was later sought, and Simenon was assured his heart was sound.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Simenon returned to writing Maigret stories and novels, completing two in 1940 and three in 1941. He also wrote longer novels such as Pedigree, a fictionalised reworking of Je me souviens. As a popular, non-Jewish author who avoided war themes and anti-German sentiments, Simenon had few problems in having his works published at a time of censorship and paper restrictions.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Among his major works written during the war years are <a href="/wiki/La_Veuve_Couderc" title="La Veuve Couderc">La veuve Couderc</a> (The Widow Couderc) (1942), Le fuite de M. Monde (Monsieur Monde Vanishes) (published 1945), and Pedigree (published 1948).<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Simenon also conducted correspondence, most notably with André Gide. Gide considered La veuve Couderc superior to <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus'</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Stranger_(Camus_novel)" title="The Stranger (Camus novel)">The Stranger</a> which was published around the same time and has a similar main character and themes.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Theroux2-49">[49]</a> During the war, Simenon sold the film rights to five of his novels to <a href="/wiki/Continental_Films" title="Continental Films">Continental Films</a>, which was funded by the German government and banned the participation of Jews. The Continental production of Simenon's Les inconnus dans la maison (Strangers in the House) had exaggerated anti-Semitic themes which are not in the novel. Resistance underground newspapers began attacking Continental Films and anyone who took their money.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In 1942, the French <a href="/wiki/Commissariat-General_for_Jewish_Affairs" title="Commissariat-General for Jewish Affairs">Commissariat-Géneral aux Questions Juives</a> notified Simenon that they suspected him of being Jewish and gave him one month to prove he wasn't. Simenon was able to obtain the necessary certificates of birth and baptism through his mother, and soon after the Simenons moved to a more remote village in the Vendée.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In 1944, Régine discovered Simenon's long-term affair with Boule, and Simenon also confessed to his numerous other affairs. The couple agreed to remain married for the sake of their child, but to give each other their sexual freedom.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In November 1944, following the German retreat, Simenon, Marc and Boule moved to a hotel in the resort town of <a href="/wiki/Les_Sables-d%27Olonne" title="Les Sables-d'Olonne">Les Sables d'Olonne</a>, while Régine returned to their house near La Rochelle which had now been evacuated by the Germans. In January 1945, Simenon was placed under house arrest by the police and the <a href="/wiki/French_Forces_of_the_Interior" title="French Forces of the Interior">French Forces of the Interior</a> on suspicion of collaboration. After three months of investigations, he was cleared of all charges.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Simenon went to Paris in May 1945 while Marc and Boule returned to their house near La Rochelle with Régine. Simenon, possibly out of concern that the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a> might take over France, had decided to move to America. The rest of the family soon joined him in Paris and Simenon used his contacts to secure the required travel documents for America. Régine, however, refused to travel to America with Marc unless Boule stayed behind in France. Simenon reluctantly agreed to Régine's demand.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States_and_Canada,_1945–1955">United States and Canada, 1945–1955</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United States and Canada, 1945–1955">edit</a>]</div> The Simenons arrived in New York in October 1945 and soon moved to Canada, where they set up home at <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marguerite-du-Lac-Masson,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Marguerite-du-Lac-Masson, Quebec">Ste-Marguerite du Lac Masson</a>, north of Montreal.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In November, Simenon met Denyse Ouimet, a 25-year-old French-Canadian, with whom he started an affair and hired as his secretary. Denyse moved into the Simenon home in January 1946,<a href="#cite_note-:02-56">[56]</a> and several weeks later told Régine that she was his new lover.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Simenon fictionalised his affair with Denyse in his novels Trois chambres à Manhattan (Three Bedrooms in Manhattan) (1947) and Lettre à mon juge (Act of Passion) (1947).<a href="#cite_note-:02-56">[56]</a> The Simenons and Denyse drove to Florida in the summer of 1946, and then visited Cuba in order to arrange for permanent residence visas for the United States. It was in Florida that Simenon wrote Lettre à mon juge, widely considered one of his major works.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In June 1947, the Simenons moved to Arizona. Boule joined them there in 1948, after Régine dropped her objections to Simenon's desire to have a wife and two lovers in his household. Simenon continued to write quickly, working from 6 am to 9 am daily, and averaging 4,500 words a day. While in Arizona, Simenon wrote two Maigret novels and several romans durs (hard novels) including La neige était sale (The Snow Was Dirty) (1948), one of his major works.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The 1951 American paperback edition of this novel sold 2 million copies.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Denyse became pregnant in early 1949, and Simenon asked Régine for a divorce. Denyse gave birth to Jean Dennis Chrétien Simenon (known as John) on 29 September.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Régine had moved to California with Marc and Boule, and Simenon, Denyse and the baby soon moved to <a href="/wiki/Carmel-by-the-Sea,_California" title="Carmel-by-the-Sea, California">Carmel-by-the-Sea</a> where they would be close to Marc. The divorce was granted in Nevada on 21 June 1950. Simenon married Denyse the following day.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The newly-weds moved to <a href="/wiki/Lakeville,_Connecticut" title="Lakeville, Connecticut">Lakeville, Connecticut</a> and also rented a house in nearby Salmon Creek for Régine, Marc and Boule. In the five years he lived in Connecticut, Simenon wrote 13 Maigret novels and 14 romans durs including the major works La mort de Belle (Belle) (1952) and L'horloger d'Everton (The Watchmaker of Everton) (1954).<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> While living in Connecticut, Simenon's book sales increased to an estimated 3 million a year, and he was elected president of the <a href="/wiki/Mystery_Writers_of_America" title="Mystery Writers of America">Mystery Writers of America</a>. Simenon and Denyse made two trips to Europe, in 1952 and 1954. On the 1952 trip, Simenon was admitted to the Royal Belgian Academy.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In February 1953, Denyse gave birth to a daughter, Marie-Georges Simenon (known as Marie-Jo).<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> By this time, Boule had moved in with Denyse and Simenon and had resumed her position as his lover.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> By 1955, Simenon had become disillusioned with America and concerned that Denyse, who wanted to live in Europe, was becoming more distant from him. In March, Simenon, Denyse and Boule left for a European holiday and were never to return to live in America.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_Europe,_1955–1989">Return to Europe, 1955–1989</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Return to Europe, 1955–1989">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_Simenon_(1963)_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Georges_Simenon_%281963%29_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg/220px-Georges_Simenon_%281963%29_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Georges_Simenon_%281963%29_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Simenon, 1963 by <a href="/wiki/Erling_Mandelmann" title="Erling Mandelmann">Erling Mandelmann</a></figcaption></figure> The Simenons took up residence in France at <a href="/wiki/Mougins" title="Mougins">Mougins</a>, near Cannes, while Régine and Marc lived in a hotel nearby. Simenon wrote two Maigret novels and two romans durs during his first six months on the <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a>, but was still searching for a permanent home. In July 1957, the Simenons and Boule moved to the Château d'Echandens near Lausanne, Switzerland, and were to remain there for seven years.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In May 1959, Denyse gave birth to a son, Pierre, who soon became seriously ill but survived a difficult first year.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> In December 1961, Simenon and Denyse employed Teresa Sburelin, a young Italian woman, as a maid. Teresa soon became Simenon's lover and was to remain his companion for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Simenon continued to produce novels at a rate of three to five a year at Enchandens, including two of his most notable, Le président (The Premier) (1958) and Les anneaux de Bicêtre (The Patient) (1963).<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> However, the relationship between Denyse and Simenon was deteriorating. They were both drinking heavily<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> and Simenon admitted that he had hit her.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In June 1962 Denyse was persuaded to admit herself to a mental health clinic for several months.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In 1961 the Simenons had decided to build a new house at Epalinges in the heights above Lausanne. The house was completed in December 1963, but Denyse lived there for only a few months before returning to the clinic.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Denyse left Epalinges for the last time in April 1964. In November Simenon dismissed Boule, who went to live with Marc, who was now married with children.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Although Simenon never divorced Denyse, he was now living with his companion, Teresa, and three of his children: John, Marie-Jo, and Pierre. He continued to work steadily, completing three to four books a year from 1965 to 1971, including the important works Le petit saint (The Little Saint) (1965) and Le chat (The Cat) (1967).<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In February 1973 Simenon announced that he was retiring from writing. A few months later he and Teresa moved into a small house in Lausanne. He produced no new fiction from that date, but he dictated 21 volumes of memoirs.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In May 1978 Simenon's daughter, Marie-Jo, killed herself in Paris at the age of 25. In his final volume of memoirs, Mémoires intimes (Intimate memoirs) (1981), he wrote, "One never recovers from the loss of a daughter one has cherished. It leaves a void that nothing can fill."<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Simenon underwent a brain operation in 1984 but made a full recovery. From late 1988 he was confined to a wheelchair. He died on 4 September 1989, following a fall.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_and_critical_reception">Works and critical reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works and critical reception">edit</a>]</div> Simenon's published works include 192 novels written under his own name,<a href="#cite_note-:05-81">[81]</a> over 200 novels written under various pseudonyms, four autobiographies and 21 volumes of memoirs.<a href="#cite_note-:03-82">[82]</a> He also wrote a large quantity of short fiction. His novels had sold over 500 million copies by the time of his death, making him one of the highest selling novelists in history.<a href="#cite_note-:03-82">[82]</a> In 2008, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> named Simenon the second greatest crime writer of all time after <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Highsmith" title="Patricia Highsmith">Patricia Highsmith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Simenon's fiction is often classified into his early pseudonymous popular novels, the last of which was written in 1933;<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> his fiction featuring police commissioner Jules Maigret (75 novels and 28 short stories);<a href="#cite_note-:05-81">[81]</a> and his 117 literary novels which he called romans durs ("hard novels").<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maigret_novels">Maigret novels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Maigret novels">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Maigret" title="Jules Maigret">Jules Maigret</a></div> The first Maigret novel published under Simenon's name was Pietr-le-Letton (Pietr the Latvian) which was serialised in 1930. The last Maigret novel was Maigret et M. Charles (Maigret and Monsieur Charles) published in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The early Maigret novels generally received positive reviews and were acknowledged as an attempt to raise the standard of the French crime novel. Several critics, however, made fun of the speed with which they were written. <a href="/wiki/Le_Canard_encha%C3%AEn%C3%A9" title="Le Canard enchaîné">Le Canard Enchaîné</a> told its readers, "Monsieur Georges Simenon makes his living by killing someone every month and then discovering the murderer."<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2003_Belgium_10_euro_Georges_Simenon_back.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/2003_Belgium_10_euro_Georges_Simenon_back.JPG/170px-2003_Belgium_10_euro_Georges_Simenon_back.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d9/2003_Belgium_10_euro_Georges_Simenon_back.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Euro_gold_and_silver_commemorative_coins_(Belgium)#2003coinage" title="Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Belgium)">The 100 Years of Georges Simenon coin</a></figcaption></figure>The Maigret stories are short and characterised by their simple writing style and a deliberately restricted vocabulary (which Simenon estimated was limited to 2000 words). Simenon stated that his Maigret novels were designed to be read by people of average education in a single sitting.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Marnham" title="Patrick Marnham">Patrick Marnham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Bradfield" title="Scott Bradfield">Scott Bradfield</a> and others state that the early Maigrets were innovative because the detective doesn't hunt for clues or use deduction to find the guilty party, but rather immerses himself in the life and environment of the victim and suspected criminal. In most cases, Maigret seeks to understand the criminal rather than judge him.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Simenon stated that his Maigret stories often deal with more serious themes than those of his other novels.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Recurrent themes include political influence over the justice system, snobbery and class divisions, and the role of social background and pure chance in determining whether an individual becomes a criminal or a respected member of society.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Marnham, Fenton Besler and others have pointed out that the plots of the Maigret novels are often implausible and internally inconsistent.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> However critics have praised Simenon's ability to evoke concisely the atmosphere of a particular place and to provide insights into human psychology.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Referring to The Saint-Fiacre Affair, John Banville wrote, "The story is silly, as usual, but the evocation of the little town and its people makes such considerations irrelevant."<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romans_durs_("hard_novels")">Romans durs ("hard novels")</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Romans durs ("hard novels")">edit</a>]</div> Simenon suspended his writing of Maigret stories in 1933 in order to concentrate on the literary novels he called romans durs. In 1937 he stated that his aim was to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Simenon defined the novel as, "a passion which completely possesses and enslaves the writer and permits him to exorcise his demons by giving them form and casting them out into the world."<a href="#cite_note-Besler_1983._p._7-100">[100]</a> His novels were about "the naked man, the one who looks at himself in the mirror while shaving and has no illusions about himself."<a href="#cite_note-Besler_1983._p._7-100">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Lemoine" title="Michel Lemoine">Michel Lemoine</a> has elaborated on this, stating, "There is hardly a character in all the Simenon canon who does not ask, 'Who am I? What have I done with my life?"<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banc_Georges_Simenon,_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Banc_Georges_Simenon%2C_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg/220px-Banc_Georges_Simenon%2C_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Banc_Georges_Simenon%2C_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg/330px-Banc_Georges_Simenon%2C_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Banc_Georges_Simenon%2C_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg/440px-Banc_Georges_Simenon%2C_Li%C3%A8ge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3053" data-file-height="2081" /></a><figcaption>Bench and sculpture dedicated to Simenon in his home city of Liège</figcaption></figure>Biographer Fenton Besler described the roman durs as "psychological thrillers...in which he explores the darkest corners of the human mind and, in tautly written prose, creates an atmosphere which is sinister and entirely his own."<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> According to Besler, it doesn't matter whether Simenon's novels are set in France, Africa, Tahiti or America, the characters live the same traumas and despair, only "with their problems and anxieties accentuated by the local setting."<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Biographer Patrick Marnham states that Simenon's earliest romans durs contain many of Simenon's typical themes: the street life of Paris, prostitution, the drudgery of domestic servants and shop assistants, police corruption and the hope of escape represented by railway stations. He compares Simenon's preoccupation with the "little people" with that of Balzac.<a href="#cite_note-:3-104">[104]</a> According to Marnham, there is also a strong autobiographical strain in his fiction, where events which Simenon had experienced were lightly fictionalised and then taken to a social, criminal or psychological extreme.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Simenon's romans durs soon gained a high reputation among other writers, with Max Jacob, François Mauriac and André Gide among his admirers.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Nevertheless, the academic and critical reception of his novels in France and the United States was mixed, which <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ingersoll_(PM_publisher)" title="Ralph Ingersoll (PM publisher)">Ralph Ingersoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Gill" title="Brendan Gill">Brendan Gill</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.library.vanderbilt.edu/bandy/sigaux-collection.php">Gilbert Sigaux</a> have attributed to suspicion about their popularity and the speed with which they were written.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Simenon's most acclaimed novels include Monsieur Hire's Engagement (1933),<a href="#cite_note-:4-108">[108]</a> The Man who Watched the Trains Go By (1938),<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Monsieur Monde Vanishes (1945),<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Act of Passion (1947),<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The Snow was Dirty (1948),<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Red Lights (1953),<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> and The Little Saint (1967).<a href="#cite_note-:4-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_legacy">Honours and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Honours and legacy">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>President of the Mystery Writers of America (1952)<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li>Member of Royal Academy of French Language and Literature of Belgium (1952)<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-116">[116]</a></li> <li>Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur (1955)<a href="#cite_note-:5-116">[116]</a></li> <li>Honorary Member of American Academy of Arts and Letters (1971)<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li></ul> In 2003, the collection <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade" title="Bibliothèque de la Pléiade">La Pléiade</a> published 21 of Simenon's novels in two volumes. The novels were selected by Professor <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubois_(Walloon_Professor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Dubois (Walloon Professor)">Jacques Dubois</a>, President of the Centre for Georges Simenon Studies at the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="Université de Liège">Université de Liège</a>, and his assistant Benoît Denis, both experts on Simenon.<a href="#cite_note-:4-108">[108]</a> A third volume of eight novels and two autobiographical works was published in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Selected works">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Simenon_bibliography" title="Georges Simenon bibliography">Georges Simenon bibliography</a></div> The following works were selected for inclusion in the Pléiade editions of the works of Georges Simenon. The French title and year of first publication in France is given first, followed by the titles of major English translations published in book form. Unless otherwise specified, the sources for the French title and publication date are Bernard Alavoine,<a href="#cite_note-:06-119">[119]</a> Trudee Young,<a href="#cite_note-:12-120">[120]</a> Tout Simenon<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> and Tout Maigret.<a href="#cite_note-:32-122">[122]</a> The sources for the titles of English translations are Trudee Young,<a href="#cite_note-:12-120">[120]</a> Barry Forshaw,<a href="#cite_note-:43-123">[123]</a> Patrick Marnham<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> and Penguin UK.<a href="#cite_note-:2-125">[125]</a> <ul><li>Le Charretier de la 'Providence' (1931) (<a href="/wiki/The_Crime_at_Lock_14" title="The Crime at Lock 14">The Crime at Lock 14</a>; Maigret Meets a Milord; Lock 14; The Carter of 'La Providence')</li> <li>L'Affaire Saint-Fiacre (1932) (The Saint-Fiacre Affair; <a href="/wiki/Maigret_Goes_Home" title="Maigret Goes Home">Maigret Goes Home</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Fian%C3%A7ailles_de_M._Hire" title="Les Fiançailles de M. Hire">Les Fiançailles de M. Hire</a> (1933) (The Engagement; Monsieur Hire's Engagement)</li> <li>Le Coup de lune (1933) (<a href="/wiki/Tropic_Moon" title="Tropic Moon">Tropic Moon</a>)</li> <li>La Maison du canal (1933) (The House by the Canal)</li> <li>Les Gens d'en face (1933) (The Window Over the Way; The People Opposite)</li> <li>Les Trois crimes de mes amis (1938) (The Three Crimes of my Friends, untranslated)</li> <li>L'Homme qui regardait passer les trains (1938) (<a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Watched_the_Trains_Go_By_(novel)" title="The Man Who Watched the Trains Go By (novel)">The Man Who Watched the Trains Go By</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bourgmestre_de_Furnes" title="Le Bourgmestre de Furnes">Le Bourgmestre de Furnes</a> (1939) (The Bourgomaster of Furnes)</li> <li>Les Inconnus dans la maison (1940) (<a href="/wiki/The_Strangers_in_the_House" title="The Strangers in the House">The Strangers in the House</a>)</li> <li>Malempin (1940) (The Family Lie)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Veuve_Couderc" title="La Veuve Couderc">La Veuve Couderc</a> (1942) (Ticket of Leave; The Widow; The Widow Couderc)</li> <li>La Vérité sur Bébé Donge (1942) (The Trial of Bébé Donge; I Take this Woman)</li> <li>Je me souviens (1945) (I Remember, untranslated)</li> <li>Lettre à mon juge (1947) (<a href="/wiki/Act_of_Passion" title="Act of Passion">Act of Passion</a>)</li> <li>La Neige était sale (1948) (The Snow Was Black; The Stain on the Snow; Dirty Snow; The Snow was Dirty)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedigree_(novel)" title="Pedigree (novel)">Pedigree</a> (1948) (Pedigree)</li> <li>Les Mémoires de Maigret (1951) (<a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_Memoirs" title="Maigret's Memoirs">Maigret's Memoirs</a>)</li> <li>La Mort de Belle (1952) (Belle)</li> <li>Maigret et l'homme du banc (1953) (<a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Man_on_the_Boulevard" title="Maigret and the Man on the Boulevard">Maigret and the Man on the Boulevard</a>; Maigret and the Man on the Bench)</li> <li>L'Horloger d'Everton (1954) (<a href="/wiki/The_Watchmaker_of_Everton" title="The Watchmaker of Everton">The Watchmaker of Everton</a>)</li> <li>Les Complices (1956) (The Accomplices)</li> <li>Le Président (1958) (The Premier)</li> <li>Le Train (1961) (The Train)</li> <li>Les Autres (1962) (The Others; The House On Quai Notre Dame)</li> <li>Maigret et les braves gens (1962) (Maigret and the Black Sheep; Maigret and the Good People of Montparnasse)</li> <li>Les Anneaux de Bicêtre (1963) (The Patient; The Bells of Bicêtre)</li> <li>La Chambre bleue (1964) (The Blue Room)</li> <li>Le Petit Saint (1965) (The Little Saint)</li> <li>Le Chat (1967) (<a href="/wiki/The_Cat_(novel)" title="The Cat (novel)">The Cat</a>)</li> <li>Lettre à ma mère (1974) (Letter to My Mother)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_adaptations">Film adaptations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Film adaptations">edit</a>]</div> Simenon's work has been widely adapted to cinema and television. He is credited on at least 171 productions.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Notable films include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Night_at_the_Crossroads" title="Night at the Crossroads">Night at the Crossroads</a> (La nuit du carrefour, France, 1932), written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Renoir" title="Pierre Renoir">Pierre Renoir</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Dog_(1932_film)" title="The Yellow Dog (1932 film)">The Yellow Dog</a> (Le chien jaune, France, 1932), directed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tarride" title="Jean Tarride">Jean Tarride</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tarride" title="Abel Tarride">Abel Tarride</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Man%27s_Neck_(film)" title="A Man's Neck (film)">A Man's Neck</a> (France, 1933), directed by <a href="/wiki/Julien_Duvivier" title="Julien Duvivier">Julien Duvivier</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Harry_Baur" title="Harry Baur">Harry Baur</a> as Maigret</li> <li>La Maison des sept jeunes filles (France, 1942), directed by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Valentin" title="Albert Valentin">Albert Valentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_and_the_Blonde_Woman" title="Annette and the Blonde Woman">Annette and the Blonde Woman</a> (Annette et la dame blonde, France, 1942), adapted by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Decoin" title="Henri Decoin">Henri Decoin</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dr%C3%A9ville" title="Jean Dréville">Jean Dréville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Strangers_in_the_House_(film)" title="The Strangers in the House (film)">The Strangers in the House</a> (Les inconnus dans la maison, France, 1942), adapted by <a href="/wiki/Henri-Georges_Clouzot" title="Henri-Georges Clouzot">Henri-Georges Clouzot</a> & <a href="/wiki/Henri_Decoin" title="Henri Decoin">Henri Decoin</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Decoin" title="Henri Decoin">Henri Decoin</a></li> <li>Monsieur La Souris (France, 1942), directed by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Lacombe_(director)" title="Georges Lacombe (director)">Georges Lacombe</a></li> <li>Picpus (France, 1943), directed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pottier" title="Richard Pottier">Richard Pottier</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Albert_Pr%C3%A9jean" title="Albert Préjean">Albert Préjean</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_Inheritance_(film)" title="Strange Inheritance (film)">Strange Inheritance</a> (Le voyageur de la Toussaint, France, 1943), adapted from <a href="/wiki/Strange_Inheritance_(novel)" title="Strange Inheritance (novel)">Strange Inheritance</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Daquin" title="Louis Daquin">Louis Daquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_London_(1943_film)" title="The Man from London (1943 film)">The Man from London</a> (L'Homme de Londres, France, 1943), directed by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Decoin" title="Henri Decoin">Henri Decoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecile_Is_Dead" title="Cecile Is Dead">Cecile Is Dead</a> (Cécile est morte, France 1944), adapted by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Le_Chanois" title="Jean-Paul Le Chanois">Jean-Paul Le Chanois</a> & <a href="/wiki/Michel_Duran" title="Michel Duran">Michel Duran</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Tourneur" title="Maurice Tourneur">Maurice Tourneur</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Albert_Pr%C3%A9jean" title="Albert Préjean">Albert Préjean</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majestic_Hotel_Cellars" title="Majestic Hotel Cellars">Majestic Hotel Cellars</a> (Les caves du Majestic, France, 1945), directed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pottier" title="Richard Pottier">Richard Pottier</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Albert_Pr%C3%A9jean" title="Albert Préjean">Albert Préjean</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_(1946_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panic (1946 film)">Panic</a> (Panique, France, 1946), adapted from <a href="/wiki/Les_Fian%C3%A7ailles_de_M._Hire" title="Les Fiançailles de M. Hire">Les fiançailles de M. Hire</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Julien_Duvivier" title="Julien Duvivier">Julien Duvivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_Harbour" title="Temptation Harbour">Temptation Harbour</a> (UK, 1947), adapted from L'homme de Londres (Newhaven-Dieppe), directed by <a href="/wiki/Lance_Comfort" title="Lance Comfort">Lance Comfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Refuge" title="Last Refuge">Last Refuge</a> (Dernier Refuge, France, 1947), adapted from Le locataire, directed by Marc Maurette</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_on_the_Eiffel_Tower" title="The Man on the Eiffel Tower">The Man on the Eiffel Tower</a> (1949), adapted from <a href="/wiki/A_Battle_of_Nerves" title="A Battle of Nerves">La tête d'un homme</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_the_Port_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie of the Port (film)">Marie of the Port</a> (La Marie du port, France, 1950), directed by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Marcel Carné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Episode" title="Midnight Episode">Midnight Episode</a> (UK, 1950), adapted from Monsieur La Souris, directed by <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Parry_(film_director)" title="Gordon Parry (film director)">Gordon Parry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_V%C3%A9rit%C3%A9_sur_B%C3%A9b%C3%A9_Donge" title="La Vérité sur Bébé Donge">La Vérité sur Bébé Donge</a> (France, 1952), directed by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Decoin" title="Henri Decoin">Henri Decoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brelan_d%27as" class="mw-redirect" title="Brelan d'as">Brelan d'as</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brelan_d%27as_(film,_1952)" class="extiw" title="fr:Brelan d'as (film, 1952)">fr</a>] (France, 1952), <a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">anthology film</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Verneuil" title="Henri Verneuil">Henri Verneuil</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Michel_Simon" title="Michel Simon">Michel Simon</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Fruit_(1952_film)" title="Forbidden Fruit (1952 film)">Forbidden Fruit</a> (Le Fruit défendu, France, 1952), directed by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Verneuil" title="Henri Verneuil">Henri Verneuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Watched_Trains_Go_By" title="The Man Who Watched Trains Go By">The Man Who Watched Trains Go By</a> (UK, 1952), adapted from <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Watched_the_Trains_Go_By_(novel)" title="The Man Who Watched the Trains Go By (novel)">L'Homme qui regardait passer les trains</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Harold_French" title="Harold French">Harold French</a></li> <li>La neige était sale (France, 1953), directed by <a href="/wiki/Luis_Saslavsky" title="Luis Saslavsky">Luis Saslavsky</a></li> <li>Maigret dirige l'enquête (France, 1956), adapted from Cécile est morte, directed by Stany Cordier, starring <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Manson" title="Maurice Manson">Maurice Manson</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Life_in_the_Balance" title="A Life in the Balance">A Life in the Balance</a> (1955), adapted from Sept petites croix dans un carnet, directed by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Horner" title="Harry Horner">Harry Horner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Portillo" title="Rafael Portillo">Rafael Portillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bottom_of_the_Bottle" title="The Bottom of the Bottle">The Bottom of the Bottle</a> (1956), adapted from <a href="/wiki/The_Bottom_of_the_Bottle_(novel)" title="The Bottom of the Bottle (novel)">Le fond de la bouteille</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hathaway" title="Henry Hathaway">Henry Hathaway</a></li> <li>Le Sang à la tête (France, 1956), adapted from Le Fils Cardinaud, directed by <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Grangier" title="Gilles Grangier">Gilles Grangier</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brothers_Rico" title="The Brothers Rico">The Brothers Rico</a> (1957), directed by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Karlson" title="Phil Karlson">Phil Karlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Sets_a_Trap_(film)" title="Maigret Sets a Trap (film)">Maigret Sets a Trap</a> (Maigret tend un piège, France, 1958), written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Delannoy" title="Jean Delannoy">Jean Delannoy</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a> as Maigret, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Award">Edgar Award</a> for Best Foreign Film from the <a href="/wiki/Mystery_Writers_of_America" title="Mystery Writers of America">Mystery Writers of America</a> in 1959</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stowaway_(1958_film)" title="The Stowaway (1958 film)">The Stowaway</a> (Australia, 1958), adapted from Le passager clandestin, directed by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Robinson_(director)" title="Lee Robinson (director)">Lee Robinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Habib" title="Ralph Habib">Ralph Habib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Case_of_Adversity" title="In Case of Adversity">In Case of Adversity</a> (En cas de malheur, France, 1958), directed by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Autant-Lara" title="Claude Autant-Lara">Claude Autant-Lara</a></li> <li>Maigret et l'affaire Saint-Fiacre (France, 1959), written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Delannoy" title="Jean Delannoy">Jean Delannoy</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Baron_de_l%27%C3%A9cluse" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Baron de l'écluse">Le Baron de l'écluse</a> (France, 1960), directed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Delannoy" title="Jean Delannoy">Jean Delannoy</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_(1960_TV_series)" title="Maigret (1960 TV series)">Maigret</a> (UK, TV series, 51 episodes, 1960–1963), starring <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Davies" title="Rupert Davies">Rupert Davies</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_President_(1961_film)" title="The President (1961 film)">The President</a> (Le Président, France, 1961), directed by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Verneuil" title="Henri Verneuil">Henri Verneuil</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Slow_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion of Slow Fire">The Passion of Slow Fire</a> (La mort de Belle, France, 1961), directed by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Molinaro" title="Édouard Molinaro">Édouard Molinaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile%27s_Boat" title="Emile's Boat">Emile's Boat</a> (Le bateau d'Émile, France, 1962), directed by <a href="/wiki/Denys_de_La_Patelli%C3%A8re" title="Denys de La Patellière">Denys de La Patellière</a></li> <li>Maigret voit rouge (France, 1963), adapted from Maigret, Lognon et les gangsters, directed by <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Grangier" title="Gilles Grangier">Gilles Grangier</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_of_Doom" title="Magnet of Doom">Magnet of Doom</a> (L'aîné des Ferchaux, France, 1963), directed by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Melville" title="Jean-Pierre Melville">Jean-Pierre Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_inchieste_del_commissario_Maigret" title="Le inchieste del commissario Maigret">Le inchieste del commissario Maigret</a> (Italy, TV series, 16 episodes, 1964–1972), starring <a href="/wiki/Gino_Cervi" title="Gino Cervi">Gino Cervi</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rooms_in_Manhattan" title="Three Rooms in Manhattan">Three Rooms in Manhattan</a> (Trois chambres à Manhattan, France, 1965), directed by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Marcel Carné</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_und_sein_gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fter_Fall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret und sein größter Fall (page does not exist)">Maigret und sein größter Fall</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maigret_und_sein_gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fter_Fall" class="extiw" title="de:Maigret und sein größter Fall">de</a>] (West Germany, 1966), adapted from <a href="/wiki/Maigret_at_the_Gai-Moulin" title="Maigret at the Gai-Moulin">La Danseuse du Gai-Moulin</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Weidenmann" title="Alfred Weidenmann">Alfred Weidenmann</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Heinz_R%C3%BChmann" title="Heinz Rühmann">Heinz Rühmann</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_a_Pigalle" title="Maigret a Pigalle">Maigret a Pigalle</a> (Italy, 1966), adapted from <a href="/wiki/Inspector_Maigret_and_the_Strangled_Stripper" title="Inspector Maigret and the Strangled Stripper">Maigret au "Picratt's"</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Mario_Landi" title="Mario Landi">Mario Landi</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Gino_Cervi" title="Gino Cervi">Gino Cervi</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Against_Fate" title="Thirteen Against Fate">Thirteen Against Fate</a> (British TV series, 1966), thought lost, now all recovered</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_in_the_House_(1967_film)" title="Stranger in the House (1967 film)">Stranger in the House</a> (UK, 1967), adapted from <a href="/wiki/The_Strangers_in_the_House" title="The Strangers in the House">Les inconnus dans la maison</a>, directed by Pierre Rouve</li> <li>Les enquêtes du commissaire Maigret (France, TV series, 88 episodes, 1967–1990), starring <a href="/wiki/Jean_Richard_(actor)" title="Jean Richard (actor)">Jean Richard</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chat_(film)" title="Le Chat (film)">Le chat</a> (France, 1971), directed by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Granier-Deferre" title="Pierre Granier-Deferre">Pierre Granier-Deferre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Widow_Couderc" title="The Widow Couderc">The Widow Couderc</a> (La veuve Couderc, France, 1971), directed by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Granier-Deferre" title="Pierre Granier-Deferre">Pierre Granier-Deferre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Train_(1973_film)" title="The Train (1973 film)">The Train</a> (Le train, France, 1971), directed by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Granier-Deferre" title="Pierre Granier-Deferre">Pierre Granier-Deferre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clockmaker" title="The Clockmaker">The Clockmaker</a> (L'horloger de Saint-Paul, France, 1974), directed by <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Tavernier" title="Bertrand Tavernier">Bertrand Tavernier</a></li> <li>Armchair Cinema: The Prison (Euston Films/Thames Television, 1974), adapted from "La prison"</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Murderer_(1979_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Murderer (1979 film) (page does not exist)">The Murderer</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_M%C3%B6rder_(1979)" class="extiw" title="de:Der Mörder (1979)">de</a>] (West Germany, 1979), directed by <a href="/wiki/Ottokar_Runze" title="Ottokar Runze">Ottokar Runze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89toile_du_Nord_(film)" title="L'Étoile du Nord (film)">L'Étoile du Nord</a> (France, 1982), directed by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Granier-Deferre" title="Pierre Granier-Deferre">Pierre Granier-Deferre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hatter%27s_Ghost" title="The Hatter's Ghost">The Hatter's Ghost</a> (Les Fantômes du Chapelier, France, 1982), written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Chabrol" title="Claude Chabrol">Claude Chabrol</a></li> <li>Équateur (France, 1983), written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Serge_Gainsbourg" title="Serge Gainsbourg">Serge Gainsbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_(1988_film)" title="Maigret (1988 film)">Maigret</a> (1988) appeared on ITV casting <a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris" title="Richard Harris">Richard Harris</a> in the lead role.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Hire" title="Monsieur Hire">Monsieur Hire</a> (France, 1989), written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Leconte" title="Patrice Leconte">Patrice Leconte</a></li> <li>Seven Days After Murder (Azerbaijan & Russia, 1991), written by <a href="/wiki/Rustam_Ibragimbekov" class="mw-redirect" title="Rustam Ibragimbekov">Rustam Ibragimbekov</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Rasim_Ojagov" title="Rasim Ojagov">Rasim Ojagov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_(1991_TV_series)" title="Maigret (1991 TV series)">Maigret</a> (France, TV series, 54 episodes, 1991–2005), starring <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Cremer" title="Bruno Cremer">Bruno Cremer</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada Television">Granada Television</a> produced an adaptation of Maigret for ITV in 1992 and 1993 in which <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a> starred as Maigret; there were 12 adaptations in the two series.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_(film)" title="Betty (film)">Betty</a> (France, 1992), written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Chabrol" title="Claude Chabrol">Claude Chabrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_pasajero_clandestino" title="El pasajero clandestino">El pasajero clandestino</a> (Spain, 1995), adapted from Le passager clandestin, directed by <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%AD_Villaronga" title="Agustí Villaronga">Agustí Villaronga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Maison_du_canal" title="La Maison du canal">La Maison du canal</a> (France and Belgium, 2003), directed by <a href="/wiki/Alain_Berliner" title="Alain Berliner">Alain Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lights_(2004_film)" title="Red Lights (2004 film)">Red Lights</a> (France, 2004), directed by <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9dric_Kahn" title="Cédric Kahn">Cédric Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_London" title="The Man from London">The Man from London</a> (Hungary, 2007), written and directed by <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Tarr" title="Béla Tarr">Béla Tarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Room_(2014_film)" title="The Blue Room (2014 film)">The Blue Room</a> (France, 2014), written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Amalric" title="Mathieu Amalric">Mathieu Amalric</a></li> <li>La boule Noire (France, 2014), directed by Denis Malleval</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_(2016_TV_series)" title="Maigret (2016 TV series)">Maigret</a> (UK, TV series, since 2016), starring <a href="/wiki/Rowan_Atkinson" title="Rowan Atkinson">Rowan Atkinson</a> as Maigret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_(2022_film)" title="Maigret (2022 film)">Maigret</a> (France, 2022), directed by <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Leconte" title="Patrice Leconte">Patrice Leconte</a> and featuring <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Dépardieu</a> as Maigret</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stage_adaptations">Stage adaptations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Stage adaptations">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The Red Barn, written by <a href="/wiki/David_Hare_(playwright)" title="David Hare (playwright)">David Hare</a> and based on the novel La Main (English title <a href="/wiki/The_Man_on_the_Bench_in_the_Barn" title="The Man on the Bench in the Barn">The Man on the Bench in the Barn</a>). Directed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Icke" title="Robert Icke">Robert Icke</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Lyttelton Theatre</a>, London, in October 2016.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAssouline2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Assouline, Pierre (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lkh&AN=98844588&site=eds-live&scope=site">"VII. À la croisée d'une œuvre: Les écrivains face à Simenon"</a>. Cahiers de l'Herne (in French). 102: 221–225. <q>« Je tiens Simenon pour un grand romancier : le plus grand peut-être et le plus vraiment romancier que nous ayons eu en littérature française aujourd'hui. »</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+de+l%27Herne&rft.atitle=VII.+%C3%80+la+crois%C3%A9e+d%27une+%C5%93uvre%3A+Les+%C3%A9crivains+face+%C3%A0+Simenon&rft.volume=102&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E221-%3C%2Fspan%3E225&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Assouline&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dlkh%26AN%3D98844588%26site%3Deds-live%26scope%3Dsite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarnham1994" class="citation book cs1">Marnham, Patrick (1994). <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Wasn%27t_Maigret" title="The Man Who Wasn't Maigret">The Man who Wasn't Maigret, a portrait of Georges Simenon</a>. Harvest Books. pp. 10–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0156000598" title="Special:BookSources/0156000598"><bdi>0156000598</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+who+Wasn%27t+Maigret%2C+a+portrait+of+Georges+Simenon&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E10-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.pub=Harvest+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0156000598&rft.aulast=Marnham&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">b</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 14, 311-13, 324 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translationreview.utdallas.edu/abr/ABR_19.1-2.2014.pdf">"15"</a> (PDF). UT Dallas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801015456/https://translationreview.utdallas.edu/abr/ABR_19.1-2.2014.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UT+Dallas&rft.atitle=15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslationreview.utdallas.edu%2Fabr%2FABR_19.1-2.2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 30-31 </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Marnham (1994). p. 29 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Marnham (1994). p. 32 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 34-35 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 39-43 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 45-48 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Marnham (1994). p. 43 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 51-52 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 53-54, 212 </li> <li id="cite_note-Beckerp3782-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Beckerp3782_14-0">^</a> Becker, Lucille Frackman. "Georges Simenon (1903-1989)." In: Amoia, Alba della Fazia and Bettina Liebowitz Knapp. Multicultural Writers from Antiquity to 1945: A Bio-bibliographical Sourcebook. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313306877" title="Special:BookSources/0313306877">0313306877</a>, 9780313306877. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3Xv6R5qiDEQC&pg=PA378">378</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160610134731/https://books.google.com/books?id=3Xv6R5qiDEQC&pg=PA378">Archived</a> 10 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 56-65 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 70-72 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBresler1983" class="citation book cs1">Bresler, Fenton (1983). The Mystery of Georges Simenon. London: Heineman/Quixote Press. pp. 32–33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+Georges+Simenon&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.pub=Heineman%2FQuixote+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Bresler&rft.aufirst=Fenton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 78-79, 93-103 </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 83-85 </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 89-92 </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 84, 102-3 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 108-09 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Manham (1994). pp. 109-10 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 110-11 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 111-12 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 112-15 </li> <li id="cite_note-Beckerp3792-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Beckerp3792_27-0">^</a> Becker, Lucille Frackman. "Georges Simenon (1903-1989)." In: Amoia, Alba della Fazia and Bettina Liebowitz Knapp. Multicultural Writers from Antiquity to 1945: A Bio-bibliographical Sourcebook. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313306877" title="Special:BookSources/0313306877">0313306877</a>, 9780313306877. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3Xv6R5qiDEQC&pg=PA379">379</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506101909/https://books.google.com/books?id=3Xv6R5qiDEQC&pg=PA379">Archived</a> 6 May 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 117-19, 199 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 122-24 </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 123-27 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 128-29 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 130-32 </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarly2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carly, Michel (2007). "Maigret, notre contemporain". Tout Maigret (in French). Vol. 1. 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Georges Simenon, Parcours d'une œuvre (in French). 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Retrieved 5 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+case+of+Georges+Simenon&rft.date=2015-02-20&rft.aulast=Bradfield&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F02%2F22%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fthe-case-of-georges-simenon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Besler (1983) p 79 </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Besler p. 83-4 </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Marnham (1994) p. 135, 145-46 </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Marnham (1994). pp. 135, 143 </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Besler (1983). pp. 78-79 </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Besler (1983) pp. 80-81 </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanville2020" class="citation news cs1">Banville, John (11 January 2020). 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Retrieved 8 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Pl%C3%A9iade&rft.atitle=Georges+Simenon%2C+Pedigree+et+autres+romans&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-pleiade.fr%2FCatalogue%2FGALLIMARD%2FBibliotheque-de-la-Pleiade%2FPedigree-et-autres-romans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:06-119"><a href="#cite_ref-:06_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlavoine1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alavoine, Bernard (1998). Georges Simenon, Parcours d'une œuvre (in French). Encrage Édition. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-36058-943-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-36058-943-2"><bdi>978-2-36058-943-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georges+Simenon%2C+Parcours+d%27une+%C5%93uvre&rft.pub=Encrage+%C3%89dition&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-2-36058-943-2&rft.aulast=Alavoine&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1976" class="citation book cs1">Young, Trudee (1976). Georges Simenon, a checklist of his "Maigret" and other mystery novels and short stories in French and in English translations. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0810809648" title="Special:BookSources/0810809648"><bdi>0810809648</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georges+Simenon%2C+a+checklist+of+his+%22Maigret%22+and+other+mystery+novels+and+short+stories+in+French+and+in+English+translations&rft.place=Metuchen%2C+NJ&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0810809648&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Trudee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimenon1988–1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Simenon, Georges (1988–1993). Tout Simenon (27 volumes) (in French). Press de la Cité/Omnibus.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tout+Simenon+%2827+volumes%29&rft.pub=Press+de+la+Cit%C3%A9%2FOmnibus&rft.date=1988%2F1993&rft.aulast=Simenon&rft.aufirst=Georges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-122"><a href="#cite_ref-:32_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimenon2003–2007" class="citation book cs1">Simenon, Georges (2003–2007). Tout Maigret (10 volumes). Paris: Omnibus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782258073401" title="Special:BookSources/9782258073401"><bdi>9782258073401</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tout+Maigret+%2810+volumes%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Omnibus&rft.date=2003%2F2007&rft.isbn=9782258073401&rft.aulast=Simenon&rft.aufirst=Georges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:43-123"><a href="#cite_ref-:43_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForshaw2022" class="citation book cs1">Forshaw, Barry (2022). Simenon, The Man, The Books, The Films, A 21st Century Guide. UK: Oldcastle Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0857304162" title="Special:BookSources/978-0857304162"><bdi>978-0857304162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simenon%2C+The+Man%2C+The+Books%2C+The+Films%2C+A+21st+Century+Guide&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Oldcastle+Books&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0857304162&rft.aulast=Forshaw&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> Marnham, Patrick (1994). pp. 326-334 </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-125"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguin.co.uk/authors/9482/georges-simenon">"Georges Simenon"</a>. Penguin UK. Retrieved 20 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Penguin+UK&rft.atitle=Georges+Simenon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguin.co.uk%2Fauthors%2F9482%2Fgeorges-simenon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0799442/">"Georges Simenon"</a>. IMDb. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150810193731/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0799442/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Georges+Simenon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0799442%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTripney2016" class="citation news cs1">Tripney, Natasha (17 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/2016/the-red-barn-review-at-the-lyttelton-national-theatre/">"The Red Barn review at National Theatre, London"</a>. The Stage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161117065728/https://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/2016/the-red-barn-review-at-the-lyttelton-national-theatre/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Stage&rft.atitle=The+Red+Barn+review+at+National+Theatre%2C+London&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft.aulast=Tripney&rft.aufirst=Natasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestage.co.uk%2Freviews%2F2016%2Fthe-red-barn-review-at-the-lyttelton-national-theatre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Carter, David. The Pocket Essential Georges Simenon. <a href="/wiki/The_Pocket_Essentials" title="The Pocket Essentials">The Pocket Essentials</a>, 2003. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Wenger, Murielle, and Stephen Trussel, Maigret's World: A Reader's Companion to Simenon's Famous Detective (McFarland, 2017).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographies">Biographies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Biographies">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBresler1987" class="citation book cs1">Bresler, Fenton (1987). The Mystery of Georges Simenon: A Biography. New York: Stein & Day. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0812862414" title="Special:BookSources/0812862414"><bdi>0812862414</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+Georges+Simenon%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Stein+%26+Day&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0812862414&rft.aulast=Bresler&rft.aufirst=Fenton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssouline1992" class="citation book cs1">Assouline, Pierre (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/simenonbiography00asso">Simenon: A Biography</a>. New York: Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0679402853" title="Special:BookSources/0679402853"><bdi>0679402853</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simenon%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0679402853&rft.aulast=Assouline&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsimenonbiography00asso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarnham1994" class="citation book cs1">Marnham, Patrick (1994). <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Wasn%27t_Maigret" title="The Man Who Wasn't Maigret">The Man who wasn't Maigret, A Portrait of Georges Simenon</a>. New York: Harvest/Harcourt Brace & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0156000598" title="Special:BookSources/0156000598"><bdi>0156000598</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+who+wasn%27t+Maigret%2C+A+Portrait+of+Georges+Simenon&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harvest%2FHarcourt+Brace+%26+Company&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0156000598&rft.aulast=Marnham&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Simenon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Georges_Simenon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Georges Simenon">Georges Simenon</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Georges_Simenon" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Georges Simenon">Georges Simenon</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarvel_Collins1955" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Carvel Collins (Summer 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/5020/the-art-of-fiction-no-9-georges-simenon">"Georges Simenon, The Art of Fiction No. 9"</a>. The Paris Review. Summer 1955 (9).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paris+Review&rft.atitle=Georges+Simenon%2C+The+Art+of+Fiction+No.+9&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=Summer+1955&rft.issue=9&rft.date=1955&rft.au=Carvel+Collins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F5020%2Fthe-art-of-fiction-no-9-georges-simenon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorges+Simenon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.philo.ulg.ac.be/cegs/">Centre d'études Georges Simenon et Fonds Simenon de l'Université de Liège </a></li> <li>Petri Liukkonen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://authorscalendar.info/simenon.htm">"Georges Simenon"</a>. Books and Writers.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trussel.com/f_maig.htm">Simenon's Inspector Maigret</a> - Includes complete bibliography and English translation checklist</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/books/authors/georges-simenon/">Simenon at New York Review of Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.petersfraserdunlop.com/estates/georges-simenon">Simenon's Estate at Peters Fraser & Dunlop</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toutsimenon.com/oeuvre/tout-simenon.html">Simenon - All Works (french)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgessimenon.co.uk">Georges Simenon UK - official author website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306101308/https://georgessimenon.co.uk/">Archived</a> 6 March 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Simenon%2C%20Georges%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Georges%20Simenon%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Simenon%2C%20Georges%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Georges%20Simenon%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Simenon%2C%20G%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Georges%20Simenon%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Simenon%2C%20Georges%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Georges%20Simenon%22%29%20OR%20%28%221903-1989%22%20AND%20Simenon%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Georges Simenon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Georges_Simenon" title="Template:Georges Simenon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Georges_Simenon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Georges Simenon (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Georges_Simenon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Georges Simenon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Georges_Simenon118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georges Simenon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Simenon_bibliography" title="Georges Simenon bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Maigret" title="Jules Maigret">Jules Maigret</a> novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Case_of_Peter_the_Lett" title="The Strange Case of Peter the Lett">The Strange Case of Peter the Lett</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crime_at_Lock_14" title="The Crime at Lock 14">The Crime at Lock 14</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Monsieur_Gallet" title="The Death of Monsieur Gallet">The Death of Monsieur Gallet</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crime_of_Inspector_Maigret" title="The Crime of Inspector Maigret">The Crime of Inspector Maigret</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Battle_of_Nerves" title="A Battle of Nerves">A Battle of Nerves</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Yellow_Dog" title="Maigret and the Yellow Dog">Maigret and the Yellow Dog</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_at_the_Crossroads" title="Maigret at the Crossroads">Maigret at the Crossroads</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sailors%27_Rendezvous" title="The Sailors' Rendezvous">The Sailors' Rendezvous</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_at_the_Gai-Moulin" title="Maigret at the Gai-Moulin">Maigret at the Gai-Moulin</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinguette_by_the_Seine" title="Guinguette by the Seine">Guinguette by the Seine</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_in_the_Courtyard" title="The Shadow in the Courtyard">The Shadow in the Courtyard</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Goes_Home" title="Maigret Goes Home">Maigret Goes Home</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Flemish_Shop" title="The Flemish Shop">The Flemish Shop</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_a_Harbour_Master" title="Death of a Harbour Master">Death of a Harbour Master</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Madman_of_Bergerac" title="The Madman of Bergerac">The Madman of Bergerac</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_in_Exile" title="Maigret in Exile">Maigret in Exile</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Hotel_Majestic" title="Maigret and the Hotel Majestic">Maigret and the Hotel Majestic</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Spinster" title="Maigret and the Spinster">Maigret and the Spinster</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Any_Lengths" title="To Any Lengths">To Any Lengths</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Toy_Village" title="Maigret and the Toy Village">Maigret and the Toy Village</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_in_Retirement" class="mw-redirect" title="Maigret in Retirement">Maigret in Retirement</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_in_New_York" title="Maigret in New York">Maigret in New York</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Summer_Holiday" title="A Summer Holiday">A Summer Holiday</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_Dead_Man" title="Maigret's Dead Man">Maigret's Dead Man</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_First_Case" title="Maigret's First Case">Maigret's First Case</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Friend_Maigret" title="My Friend Maigret">My Friend Maigret</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Coroner" title="Maigret and the Coroner">Maigret and the Coroner</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Old_Lady" title="Maigret and the Old Lady">Maigret and the Old Lady</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Maigret%27s_Own_Case" title="Madame Maigret's Own Case">Madame Maigret's Own Case</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_Memoirs" title="Maigret's Memoirs">Maigret's Memoirs</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspector_Maigret_and_the_Strangled_Stripper" title="Inspector Maigret and the Strangled Stripper">Inspector Maigret and the Strangled Stripper</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Burglar%27s_Wife" title="Maigret and the Burglar's Wife">Maigret and the Burglar's Wife</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret,_Lognon_and_the_Gangsters" title="Maigret, Lognon and the Gangsters">Maigret, Lognon and the Gangsters</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_Revolver" title="Maigret's Revolver">Maigret's Revolver</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Man_on_the_Boulevard" title="Maigret and the Man on the Boulevard">Maigret and the Man on the Boulevard</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_Mistake" title="Maigret's Mistake">Maigret's Mistake</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Goes_to_School" title="Maigret Goes to School">Maigret Goes to School</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Headless_Corpse" title="Maigret and the Headless Corpse">Maigret and the Headless Corpse</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Sets_a_Trap" title="Maigret Sets a Trap">Maigret Sets a Trap</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_Failure" title="Maigret's Failure">Maigret's Failure</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Has_Scruples" title="Maigret Has Scruples">Maigret Has Scruples</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Lazy_Burglar" title="Maigret and the Lazy Burglar">Maigret and the Lazy Burglar</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Saturday_Caller" title="Maigret and the Saturday Caller">Maigret and the Saturday Caller</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Dosser" title="Maigret and the Dosser">Maigret and the Dosser</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_on_the_Defensive" title="Maigret on the Defensive">Maigret on the Defensive</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Patience_of_Maigret" title="The Patience of Maigret">The Patience of Maigret</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Hesitates" title="Maigret Hesitates">Maigret Hesitates</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Killer" title="Maigret and the Killer">Maigret and the Killer</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Mad_Woman" title="Maigret and the Mad Woman">Maigret and the Mad Woman</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Loner" title="Maigret and the Loner">Maigret and the Loner</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_Monsieur_Charles" title="Maigret and Monsieur Charles">Maigret and Monsieur Charles</a> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Les_Fian%C3%A7ailles_de_M._Hire" title="Les Fiançailles de M. Hire">Les Fiançailles de M. Hire</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Club_(novel)" title="The Night Club (novel)">The Night Club</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic_Moon" title="Tropic Moon">Tropic Moon</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chit_of_a_Girl" title="Chit of a Girl">Chit of a Girl</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Watched_the_Trains_Go_By_(novel)" title="The Man Who Watched the Trains Go By (novel)">The Man Who Watched the Trains Go By</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bourgmestre_de_Furnes" title="Le Bourgmestre de Furnes">Le Bourgmestre de Furnes</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Strangers_in_the_House" title="The Strangers in the House">The Strangers in the House</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_Inheritance_(novel)" title="Strange Inheritance (novel)">Strange Inheritance</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Veuve_Couderc" title="La Veuve Couderc">La Veuve Couderc</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Cardinaud" title="Young Cardinaud">Young Cardinaud</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Passion" title="Act of Passion">Act of Passion</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mah%C3%A9_Circle" title="The Mahé Circle">The Mahé Circle</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Couple_from_Poitiers" title="The Couple from Poitiers">The Couple from Poitiers</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedigree_(novel)" title="Pedigree (novel)">Pedigree</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bottom_of_the_Bottle_(novel)" title="The Bottom of the Bottle (novel)">The Bottom of the Bottle</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_(1952_novel)" title="Belle (1952 novel)">Belle</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lights_(novel)" title="Red Lights (novel)">Red Lights</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Watchmaker_of_Everton" title="The Watchmaker of Everton">The Watchmaker of Everton</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Man_from_Archangel" title="The Little Man from Archangel">The Little Man from Archangel</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cat_(novel)" title="The Cat (novel)">The Cat</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_on_the_Bench_in_the_Barn" title="The Man on the Bench in the Barn">The Man on the Bench in the Barn</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prison_(novel)" title="The Prison (novel)">The Prison</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Disappearance_of_Odile" title="The Disappearance of Odile">The Disappearance of Odile</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Glass_Cage_(novel)" title="The Glass Cage (novel)">The Glass Cage</a> (1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Wasn%27t_Maigret" title="The Man Who Wasn't Maigret">The Man Who Wasn't Maigret</a> (1992 biography)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Georges_Simenon&#039;s_Maigret108" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maigret" title="Template:Maigret"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maigret" title="Template talk:Maigret"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maigret" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maigret"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Georges_Simenon&#039;s_Maigret108" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georges Simenon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jules_Maigret" title="Jules Maigret">Maigret</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Case_of_Peter_the_Lett" title="The Strange Case of Peter the Lett">The Strange Case of Peter the Lett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crime_at_Lock_14" title="The Crime at Lock 14">The Crime at Lock 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Monsieur_Gallet" title="The Death of Monsieur Gallet">The Death of Monsieur Gallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crime_of_Inspector_Maigret" title="The Crime of Inspector Maigret">The Crime of Inspector Maigret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Battle_of_Nerves" title="A Battle of Nerves">A Battle of Nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Yellow_Dog" title="Maigret and the Yellow Dog">Maigret and the Yellow Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_at_the_Crossroads" title="Maigret at the Crossroads">Maigret at the Crossroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_in_Holland" class="mw-redirect" title="Maigret in Holland">Maigret in Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sailors%27_Rendezvous" title="The Sailors' Rendezvous">The Sailors' Rendezvous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_at_the_Gai-Moulin" title="Maigret at the Gai-Moulin">Maigret at the Gai-Moulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinguette_by_the_Seine" title="Guinguette by the Seine">Guinguette by the Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_in_the_Courtyard" title="The Shadow in the Courtyard">The Shadow in the Courtyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Goes_Home" title="Maigret Goes Home">Maigret Goes Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Flemish_Shop" title="The Flemish Shop">The Flemish Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_a_Harbour_Master" title="Death of a Harbour Master">Death of a Harbour Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Madman_of_Bergerac" title="The Madman of Bergerac">The Madman of Bergerac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Bar">Liberty Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lock_at_Charenton" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lock at Charenton">The Lock at Charenton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_Returns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret Returns (page does not exist)">Maigret Returns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Hotel_Majestic" title="Maigret and the Hotel Majestic">Maigret and the Hotel Majestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_in_Exile" title="Maigret in Exile">Maigret in Exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Spinster" title="Maigret and the Spinster">Maigret and the Spinster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Any_Lengths" title="To Any Lengths">To Any Lengths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Toy_Village" title="Maigret and the Toy Village">Maigret and the Toy Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_Rival" class="mw-redirect" title="Maigret's Rival">Maigret's Rival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_in_Retirement" class="mw-redirect" title="Maigret in Retirement">Maigret in Retirement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_in_New_York" title="Maigret in New York">Maigret in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Summer_Holiday" title="A Summer Holiday">A Summer Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_Dead_Man" title="Maigret's Dead Man">Maigret's Dead Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_First_Case" title="Maigret's First Case">Maigret's First Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Friend_Maigret" title="My Friend Maigret">My Friend Maigret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Coroner" title="Maigret and the Coroner">Maigret and the Coroner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Old_Lady" title="Maigret and the Old Lady">Maigret and the Old Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Maigret%27s_Own_Case" title="Madame Maigret's Own Case">Madame Maigret's Own Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_Memoirs" title="Maigret's Memoirs">Maigret's Memoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspector_Maigret_and_the_Strangled_Stripper" title="Inspector Maigret and the Strangled Stripper">Inspector Maigret and the Strangled Stripper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_Takes_a_Room&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret Takes a Room (page does not exist)">Maigret Takes a Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Burglar%27s_Wife" title="Maigret and the Burglar's Wife">Maigret and the Burglar's Wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret,_Lognon_and_the_Gangsters" title="Maigret, Lognon and the Gangsters">Maigret, Lognon and the Gangsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_Revolver" title="Maigret's Revolver">Maigret's Revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Man_on_the_Boulevard" title="Maigret and the Man on the Boulevard">Maigret and the Man on the Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_Afraid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret Afraid (page does not exist)">Maigret Afraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_Mistake" title="Maigret's Mistake">Maigret's Mistake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Goes_to_School" title="Maigret Goes to School">Maigret Goes to School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inspector_Maigret_and_the_Dead_Girl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inspector Maigret and the Dead Girl (page does not exist)">Inspector Maigret and the Dead Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_and_the_Minister&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret and the Minister (page does not exist)">Maigret and the Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Headless_Corpse" title="Maigret and the Headless Corpse">Maigret and the Headless Corpse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Sets_a_Trap" title="Maigret Sets a Trap">Maigret Sets a Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret%27s_Failure" title="Maigret's Failure">Maigret's Failure</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret%27s_Little_Joke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret's Little Joke (page does not exist)">Maigret's Little Joke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_and_the_Millionaires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret and the Millionaires (page does not exist)">Maigret and the Millionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Has_Scruples" title="Maigret Has Scruples">Maigret Has Scruples</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_and_the_Reluctant_Witnesses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret and the Reluctant Witnesses (page does not exist)">Maigret and the Reluctant Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_Has_Doubts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret Has Doubts (page does not exist)">Maigret Has Doubts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_in_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret in Court (page does not exist)">Maigret in Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_in_Society" title="Maigret in Society">Maigret in Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Lazy_Burglar" title="Maigret and the Lazy Burglar">Maigret and the Lazy Burglar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_and_the_Black_Sheep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret and the Black Sheep (page does not exist)">Maigret and the Black Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Saturday_Caller" title="Maigret and the Saturday Caller">Maigret and the Saturday Caller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Dosser" title="Maigret and the Dosser">Maigret and the Dosser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_Loses_His_Temper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret Loses His Temper (page does not exist)">Maigret Loses His Temper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_and_the_Ghost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret and the Ghost (page does not exist)">Maigret and the Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_on_the_Defensive" title="Maigret on the Defensive">Maigret on the Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Patience_of_Maigret" title="The Patience of Maigret">The Patience of Maigret</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_and_the_Nahour_Case&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret and the Nahour Case (page does not exist)">Maigret and the Nahour Case</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret%27s_Pickpocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret's Pickpocket (page does not exist)">Maigret's Pickpocket</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_in_Vichy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret in Vichy (page does not exist)">Maigret in Vichy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Hesitates" title="Maigret Hesitates">Maigret Hesitates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret%27s_Boyhood_Friend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret's Boyhood Friend (page does not exist)">Maigret's Boyhood Friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Killer" title="Maigret and the Killer">Maigret and the Killer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_and_the_Wine_Merchant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret and the Wine Merchant (page does not exist)">Maigret and the Wine Merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Mad_Woman" title="Maigret and the Mad Woman">Maigret and the Mad Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_the_Loner" title="Maigret and the Loner">Maigret and the Loner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_and_the_Flea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret and the Flea (page does not exist)">Maigret and the Flea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_Monsieur_Charles" title="Maigret and Monsieur Charles">Maigret and Monsieur Charles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Barge_with_Two_Hanging_Bodies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Barge with Two Hanging Bodies (page does not exist)">The Barge with Two Hanging Bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Affair_of_the_Boulevard_Beaumarchais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Affair of the Boulevard Beaumarchais (page does not exist)">The Affair of the Boulevard Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Open_Window_(novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Open Window (novel) (page does not exist)">The Open Window</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inspector_Maigret_Hesitates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inspector Maigret Hesitates (page does not exist)">Inspector Maigret Hesitates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeumont,_51_Minutes%27_Wait!&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeumont, 51 Minutes' Wait! (page does not exist)">Jeumont, 51 Minutes' Wait!</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inspector_Maigret%27s_War_of_Nerves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inspector Maigret's War of Nerves (page does not exist)">Inspector Maigret's War of Nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journey_into_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journey into Time (page does not exist)">Journey into Time</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rue_Pigalle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rue Pigalle (page does not exist)">Rue Pigalle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Stronger_Vessel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Stronger Vessel (page does not exist)">The Stronger Vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Lady_of_Bayeux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Old Lady of Bayeux (page does not exist)">The Old Lady of Bayeux</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Inn_of_the_Drowned&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Inn of the Drowned (page does not exist)">The Inn of the Drowned</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_the_Killer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stan the Killer (page does not exist)">Stan the Killer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=At_the_%C3%89toile_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="At the Étoile du Nord (page does not exist)">At the Étoile du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storm_in_the_Channel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storm in the Channel (page does not exist)">Storm in the Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_and_the_Frightened_Dressmaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret and the Frightened Dressmaker (page does not exist)">Maigret and the Frightened Dressmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inspector_Maigret_and_the_Missing_Miniatures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inspector Maigret and the Missing Miniatures (page does not exist)">Inspector Maigret and the Missing Miniatures</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Unlikely_M._Owen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Unlikely M. Owen (page does not exist)">The Unlikely M. Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Group_at_the_Grand_Caf%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Group at the Grand Café (page does not exist)">The Group at the Grand Café</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Man_on_the_Run&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Man on the Run (page does not exist)">The Man on the Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_the_Hammer" title="Under the Hammer">Under the Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_Threats&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Death Threats (page does not exist)">Death Threats</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret%27s_Pipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret's Pipe (page does not exist)">Maigret's Pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Not_the_Sort_to_Get_Murdered&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Not the Sort to Get Murdered (page does not exist)">Not the Sort to Get Murdered</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elusive_Witness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elusive Witness (page does not exist)">Elusive Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Most_Obstinate_Man_in_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Most Obstinate Man in Paris (page does not exist)">The Most Obstinate Man in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret_and_the_Surly_Inspector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret and the Surly Inspector (page does not exist)">Maigret and the Surly Inspector</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maigret%27s_Christmas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maigret's Christmas (page does not exist)">Maigret's Christmas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Night_at_the_Crossroads" title="Night at the Crossroads">Night at the Crossroads</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Dog_(1932_film)" title="The Yellow Dog (1932 film)">The Yellow Dog</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Man%27s_Neck_(film)" title="A Man's Neck (film)">A Man's Neck</a> (1933)</li> <li>Picpus (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecile_Is_Dead" title="Cecile Is Dead">Cecile Is Dead</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majestic_Hotel_Cellars" title="Majestic Hotel Cellars">Majestic Hotel Cellars</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_on_the_Eiffel_Tower" title="The Man on the Eiffel Tower">The Man on the Eiffel Tower</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Sets_a_Trap_(film)" title="Maigret Sets a Trap (film)">Maigret Sets a Trap</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_et_l%27affaire_Saint-Fiacre" title="Maigret et l'affaire Saint-Fiacre">Maigret et l'affaire Saint-Fiacre</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_Sees_Red" class="mw-redirect" title="Maigret Sees Red">Maigret Sees Red</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_and_His_Greatest_Case" title="Maigret and His Greatest Case">Maigret and His Greatest Case</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_(2022_film)" title="Maigret (2022 film)">Maigret</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_(1960_TV_series)" title="Maigret (1960 TV series)">1960 TV series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_inchieste_del_commissario_Maigret" title="Le inchieste del commissario Maigret">Italian TV series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_(1988_film)" title="Maigret (1988 film)">1988 TV film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_(1991_TV_series)" title="Maigret (1991 TV series)">1991 TV series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_(1992_TV_series)" title="Maigret (1992 TV series)">1992 TV series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_(2016_TV_series)" title="Maigret (2016 TV series)">2016 TV series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maigret_(upcoming_TV_series)" title="Maigret (upcoming TV series)">Upcoming TV series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cannes_Film_Festival_jury_presidents121" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannes_Film_Festival_jury_presidents" title="Template:Cannes Film Festival jury presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannes_Film_Festival_jury_presidents" title="Template talk:Cannes Film Festival jury presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannes_Film_Festival_jury_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannes Film Festival jury presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cannes_Film_Festival_jury_presidents121" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cannes_Film_Festival_jury_presidents" title="List of Cannes Film Festival jury presidents">Cannes Film Festival jury presidents</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1946–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Huisman" title="Georges Huisman">Georges Huisman</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Huisman" title="Georges Huisman">Georges Huisman</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Huisman" title="Georges Huisman">Georges Huisman</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Maurois" title="André Maurois">André Maurois</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Genevoix" title="Maurice Genevoix">Maurice Genevoix</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Pagnol" title="Marcel Pagnol">Marcel Pagnol</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Lehmann" title="Maurice Lehmann">Maurice Lehmann</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Maurois" title="André Maurois">André Maurois</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Achard" title="Marcel Achard">Marcel Achard</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Achard" title="Marcel Achard">Marcel Achard</a> (1959)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georges Simenon</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Giono" title="Jean Giono">Jean Giono</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsur%C5%8D_Furukaki" title="Tetsurō Furukaki">Tetsurō Furukaki</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Salacrou" title="Armand Salacrou">Armand Salacrou</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Blasetti" title="Alessandro Blasetti">Alessandro Blasetti</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Chamson" title="André Chamson">André Chamson</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Morgan" title="Michèle Morgan">Michèle Morgan</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Joseph Losey</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">René Clair</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Pakula" title="Alan J. Pakula">Alan J. Pakula</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Sagan" title="Françoise Sagan">Françoise Sagan</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Deray" title="Jacques Deray">Jacques Deray</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Strehler" title="Giorgio Strehler">Giorgio Strehler</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Montand" title="Yves Montand">Yves Montand</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettore_Scola" title="Ettore Scola">Ettore Scola</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Wenders" title="Wim Wenders">Wim Wenders</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Louis Malle</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Adjani" title="Isabelle Adjani">Isabelle Adjani</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Besson" title="Luc Besson">Luc Besson</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Ch%C3%A9reau" title="Patrice Chéreau">Patrice Chéreau</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_Kusturica" title="Emir Kusturica">Emir Kusturica</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wong_Kar-wai" title="Wong Kar-wai">Wong Kar-wai</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Frears" title="Stephen Frears">Stephen Frears</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Huppert" title="Isabelle Huppert">Isabelle Huppert</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanni_Moretti" title="Nanni Moretti">Nanni Moretti</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel and Ethan Coen</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Miller_(filmmaker)" title="George Miller (filmmaker)">George Miller</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var" title="Pedro Almodóvar">Pedro Almodóvar</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro González Iñárritu</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Lindon" title="Vincent Lindon">Vincent Lindon</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruben_%C3%96stlund" title="Ruben Östlund">Ruben Östlund</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gerwig" title="Greta Gerwig">Greta Gerwig</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Binoche" title="Juliette Binoche">Juliette Binoche</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128790#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata5001" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128790#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata5001" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128790#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122755410">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/17564">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/35242/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbCH43DpyxdhghdqP3JDq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118614401">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79054014">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119247961">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119247961">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00456616">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV059572">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35499791">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990007966&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1014079">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/35265">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068291965">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90059470">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000002681&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000038254&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000038601">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=72088">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000047171">Argentina</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199625342">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dgjm3l195lzt8">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810538086005606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/195204">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007299349405171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058523414906706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14115121">Belgium</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14143859">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01986771?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/3fa7ef2d-0301-49b5-8c61-c9280e590f2b">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/211909">RKD Artists</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118614401">FID</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/975547">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118614401.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118614401">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027138593">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041470">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6pn9gq6">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" 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