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id="toc-African_Great_Lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_Great_Lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>African Great Lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_Great_Lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partner_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partner_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Partner countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partner_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IGASOM/AMISOM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IGASOM/AMISOM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>IGASOM/AMISOM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IGASOM/AMISOM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_situation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_situation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Current situation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_Secretaries[15]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_Secretaries[15]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Executive Secretaries<sup><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_Secretaries[15]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_other_regional_trade_blocs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_other_regional_trade_blocs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Comparison with other regional trade blocs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_other_regional_trade_blocs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9)" title="إيقاد (منظمة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيقاد (منظمة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorid%C3%A1_Intergubernamental_sobre%27l_Desenvolvimientu_d%27%C3%81frica_Oriental" title="Autoridá Intergubernamental sobre'l Desenvolvimientu d'África Oriental – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Autoridá Intergubernamental sobre'l Desenvolvimientu d'África Oriental" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%86%D1%96" title="Міжурадавы орган па развіцці – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міжурадавы орган па развіцці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91uvladina_uprava_za_razvoj" title="Međuvladina uprava za razvoj – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Međuvladina uprava za razvoj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoritat_Intergovernamental_pel_Desenvolupament" title="Autoritat Intergovernamental pel Desenvolupament – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Autoritat Intergovernamental pel Desenvolupament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezivl%C3%A1dn%C3%AD_%C3%BA%C5%99ad_pro_rozvoj" title="Mezivládní úřad pro rozvoj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mezivládní úřad pro rozvoj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoridad_Intergubernamental_sobre_el_Desarrollo" title="Autoridad Intergubernamental sobre el Desarrollo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Autoridad Intergubernamental sobre el Desarrollo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interregistara_A%C5%ADtoritato_pri_Disvolvi%C4%9Do" title="Interregistara Aŭtoritato pri Disvolviĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Interregistara Aŭtoritato pri Disvolviĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_intergouvernementale_pour_le_d%C3%A9veloppement" title="Autorité intergouvernementale pour le développement – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Autorité intergouvernementale pour le développement" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukumar_raya_kasashe_masu_tasowa_ta_kasa_da_kasa" title="Hukumar raya kasashe masu tasowa ta kasa da kasa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hukumar raya kasashe masu tasowa ta kasa da kasa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorit%C3%A0_intergovernativa_per_lo_sviluppo" title="Autorità intergovernativa per lo sviluppo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Autorità intergovernativa per lo sviluppo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzego_za_Leta_ku_iterambere" title="Inzego za Leta ku iterambere – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Inzego za Leta ku iterambere" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%96%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="政府間開発機構 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="政府間開発機構" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzyrz%C4%85dowa_W%C5%82adza_ds._Rozwoju" title="Międzyrządowa Władza ds. Rozwoju – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzyrządowa Władza ds. Rozwoju" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoridade_Intergovernamental_para_o_Desenvolvimento" title="Autoridade Intergovernamental para o Desenvolvimento – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Autoridade Intergovernamental para o Desenvolvimento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGAD" title="IGAD – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="IGAD" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%92%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Међувладина управа за развој – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Међувладина управа за развој" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C9%9Bl%C3%ABb%C3%A4%C3%A4ny_de_K%C9%9Bm%C3%ABmiir_de_Latue%C5%8B" title="Riɛlëbääny de Kɛmëmiir de Latueŋ – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Riɛlëbääny de Kɛmëmiir de Latueŋ" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%97%B4%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="东非政府间发展组织 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="东非政府间发展组织" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q499039#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Trade bloc in East Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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country-name">Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)</div><div class="ib-country-names"><small><i>الهيئة الحكومية للتنمية</i><br /><i>Autorité intergouvernementale pour le développement</i></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Igadseal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development"><img alt="Seal of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/Igadseal.png/85px-Igadseal.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/Igadseal.png/128px-Igadseal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/Igadseal.png/170px-Igadseal.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></div> <div>Seal</div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IGAD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/IGAD.svg/250px-IGAD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/IGAD.svg/375px-IGAD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/IGAD.svg/500px-IGAD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Member states</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5D9D5D; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Withdrawn</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9D5D5D; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Suspended</div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plain_Yellow_Star.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Plain_Yellow_Star.png/15px-Plain_Yellow_Star.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Plain_Yellow_Star.png/23px-Plain_Yellow_Star.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Plain_Yellow_Star.png/30px-Plain_Yellow_Star.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Headquarters</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">Headquarters</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti (city)">Djibouti City</a>, Djibouti</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;"><div>7 member states</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;"><div>21 partner states<sup id="cite_ref-Partner_states_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partner_states-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Leaders</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Chair </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdalla_Hamdok" title="Abdalla Hamdok">Abdalla Hamdok</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Executive Secretary </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Workneh_Gebeyehu" title="Workneh Gebeyehu">Workneh Gebeyehu</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Establishment</th><td class="infobox-data">January 1986 <small>(as IGADD)</small><br /> 1996</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,204,977 km<sup>2</sup> (2,009,653 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$337.82 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$393.042 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$888.5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+3</span> (<a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Time" title="East Africa Time">East Africa Time</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website"><b>Website</b><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://igad.int">igad<wbr />.int</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Intergovernmental Authority on Development</b> (<b>IGAD</b>) is an eight-country <a href="/wiki/Trade_bloc" title="Trade bloc">trade bloc</a> in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. It includes governments from the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nile_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile Valley">Nile Valley</a> and the <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a>. It is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Djibouti_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti (city)">Djibouti</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Intergovernmental Authority on Development was established in 1996. It succeeded the earlier Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a multinational body founded in 1986 by Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda and Kenya, with a focus on development and environmental control. IGADD's headquarters were later moved to Djibouti, following an agreement signed in January 1986 by the member states. Eritrea joined the organization in 1993, upon achieving independence.<sup id="cite_ref-Igadau_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Igadau-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1995, the Assembly of Heads of State and Government met in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, where they agreed to strengthen cooperation through the organization. This was followed with the signing of a Letter of Instrument to Amend the IGADD Charter / Agreement on 21 March 1996. The Revitalised IGAD, a new organizational structure, was eventually launched on 25 November 1996 in Djibouti.<sup id="cite_ref-Igadau_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Igadau-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_states">Member states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Member states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horn_of_Africa">Horn of Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Horn of Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> (founding member, since 1986)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> (admitted 1993, withdrew 2007, attempted to rejoin in 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rejoined 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> (founding member, since 1986)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> (founding member, since 1986)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nile_Valley">Nile Valley</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nile Valley"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> (admitted 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suspended December 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> (founding member since 1986, suspended participation in 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_Great_Lakes">African Great Lakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: African Great Lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> (founding member, since 1986)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> (founding member, since 1986)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partner_countries">Partner countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Partner countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IGAD have partner countries outside the Horn of Africa, Nile Valley and the African Great Lakes for participating at IGAD-RCP meetings on an <i>ad hoc</i> basis.<sup id="cite_ref-Partner_states_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partner_states-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:5em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics of the African Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Organs_of_the_African_Union" title="Organs of the African Union">Institutions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Group" title="Casablanca Group">Casablanca Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_African_States" title="Union of African States">Union of African States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Unification_Front" title="African Unification Front">African Unification Front</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Conferences_and_Events&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Conferences and Events (page does not exist)">Conference and Events</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Peace_and_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Peace and Security (page does not exist)">Peace & Sec.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Political_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Political Affairs (page does not exist)">Pol. Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Infrastructure_and_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Infrastructure and Energy (page does not exist)">Infra. & Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Social_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Social Affairs (page does not exist)">Soc. Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Human Resources, Science, and Technology (page does not exist)">HR, Sci., & Tech.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Trade_and_Industry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Trade and Industry (page does not exist)">Trade and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Rural_Economy_and_Agriculture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Rural Economy and Agriculture (page does not exist)">Rural Econ. & Agri.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Economic_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Economic Affairs (page does not exist)">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Legal_Counsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the Legal Counsel (page does not exist)">Legal Counsel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Rep. Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Pan-African Parliament (page does not exist)">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fortune_Z._Charumbira" title="Fortune Z. Charumbira">Fortune Z. Charumbira</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="List of members of the Pan-African Parliament">List of members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Committees_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Permanent Committees of the Pan-African Parliament">Permanent Committees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Rural_Economy,_Agriculture,_Natural_Resources,_and_Environment" title="Committee on Rural Economy, Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment">Rural Econ., Agri., Resources, Environ.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Monetary_and_Financial_Affairs" title="Committee on Monetary and Financial Affairs">Monetary & Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Trade,_Customs,_and_Immigration_Matters" title="Committee on Trade, Customs, and Immigration Matters">Trade, Customs, & Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Cooperation,_International_Relations,_and_Conflict_Resolution" title="Committee on Cooperation, International Relations, and Conflict Resolution">Cooperation, IR, & Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Transport,_Industry,_Communication,_Energy,_Science,_and_Technology" title="Committee on Transport, Industry, Communication, Energy, Science, and Technology">Transport, Industry, Communication, <br /> Energy, Science, & Tech.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Health,_Labour,_and_Social_Affairs" title="Committee on Health, Labour, and Social Affairs">Health, Labour, & Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Education,_Culture,_Tourism,_and_Human_Resources" title="Committee on Education, Culture, Tourism, and Human Resources">Educ., Culture, Tourism, & HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Gender,_Family,_Youth,_and_People_with_Disabilities" title="Committee on Gender, Family, Youth, and People with Disabilities">Gender, Family, Youth, Disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Justice_and_Human_Rights" title="Committee on Justice and Human Rights">Justice & Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Rules,_Privileges,_and_Discipline" title="Committee on Rules, Privileges, and Discipline">Rules, Privileges, & Discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_Audit_and_Public_Accounts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee on Audit and Public Accounts (page does not exist)">Committee on Audit and Public Accounts</a> (CAPA)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Constitutive Act of the AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_law" title="African Union law">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">Charter on Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights"> Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_of_Justice_and_Human_Rights" title="African Court of Justice and Human Rights">Justice and Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judges_of_the_African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="Judges of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">List of judges</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)">Advisory bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">Economic, Social and Cultural Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union" title="Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union">Specialised Technical Committees</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Rural_Economy_and_Agricultural_Matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Rural Economy and Agricultural Matters (page does not exist)">Rural Econ., Agri.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Monetary_and_Financial_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Monetary and Financial Affairs (page does not exist)">Monetary & Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Trade,_Customs,_and_Immigration_Matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Trade, Customs, and Immigration Matters (page does not exist)">Trade, Customs, and Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Industry,_Science_and_Technology,_Energy,_Natural_Resources,_and_Environment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, Energy, Natural Resources, and Environment (page does not exist)">Industry, Sci. & Tech., Energy, Natural Resources, & Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Transport,_Communications,_and_Tourism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Transport, Communications, and Tourism (page does not exist)">Transport, Comm., Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Health,_Labor,_and_Social_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Health, Labor, and Social Affairs (page does not exist)">Health, Labor, Social</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Education,_Culture,_and_Human_Resources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Education, Culture, and Human Resources (page does not exist)"> Edu., Culture, & Human Resources</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)">Financial bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>AEC Pillars (<a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">Abuja Treaty</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sahel%E2%80%93Saharan_States" title="Community of Sahel–Saharan States">CEN-SAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">COMESA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">EAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_Central_African_States" title="Economic Community of Central African States">ECCAS/CEEAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Community_of_Central_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa">CEMAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECOWAS" title="ECOWAS">ECOWAS/CEDEAO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Economic_and_Monetary_Union" title="West African Economic and Monetary Union">UEMOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Monetary_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Monetary Zone">WAMZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IGAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">SADC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">SACU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">AMU/UMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">African Monetary Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">New Partnership for Africa's Development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">African Peer Review Mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development_E-School_Program" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development E-School Program">New Partnership for Africa's Development E-School Program</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)">Decentralised bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_African_Union" title="Agencies of the African Union">Agencies of the AU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa CDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Space_Agency" title="African Space Agency">African Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afripol" title="Afripol">Afripol</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:African_Union" title="Category:African Union">Related topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union" title="Enlargement of the African Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrafrica_partnership" title="Terrafrica partnership">TerrAfrica partnership</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/AMISOM" class="mw-redirect" title="AMISOM">AMISOM</a></div> <p>In September 2006, the AU Peace and Security Council approved an IGAD proposal to deploy an IGAD Peace Support Mission in Somalia (IGASOM).<sup id="cite_ref-Sauerpp_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sauerpp-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 February 2007, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> approved Resolution 1744, which authorized the deployment of a new <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">African Union Mission to Somalia</a> (AMISOM) in place of IGASOM.<sup id="cite_ref-UN_SRES17442007_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_SRES17442007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_situation">Current situation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current situation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Special:EditPage/Intergovernmental Authority on Development">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Intergovernmental+Authority+on+Development%22">"Intergovernmental Authority on Development"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Intergovernmental+Authority+on+Development%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Intergovernmental+Authority+on+Development%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Intergovernmental+Authority+on+Development%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Intergovernmental+Authority+on+Development%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Intergovernmental+Authority+on+Development%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>IGAD is a principal supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_of_Somalia" title="Federal Government of Somalia">Federal Government of Somalia</a> and backed it through the <a href="/wiki/AMISOM" class="mw-redirect" title="AMISOM">AMISOM</a> and <a href="/wiki/ATMIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ATMIS">ATMIS</a> initiatives.</li> <li>IGAD expanded its activities in 2008 with initiatives to improve the investment, trade and banking environments of member states. The organization stressed the deployment of highly innovative programmes and mechanisms.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <b>Assembly of Heads of State and Government</b> is the supreme policy making organ of the Authority. It determines the objectives, guidelines and programs for IGAD and meets once a year. A Chairman is elected from among the member states in rotation.</li> <li>The <b>Secretariat</b> is headed by an Executive Secretary appointed by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government for a term of four years renewable once. The Secretariat assists member states in formulating regional projects in the priority areas, facilitates the coordination and harmonization of development policies, mobilizes resources to implement regional projects and programs approved by the council and reinforces national infrastructures necessary for implementing regional projects and policies. The current Executive Secretary is <a href="/wiki/Workneh_Gebeyehu" title="Workneh Gebeyehu">Workneh Gebeyehu</a> of Ethiopia (since 29 November 2019).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <b>Council of Ministers</b> is composed of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and one other Minister designated by each member state. The Council formulates policy, approves the work program and annual budget of the Secretariat during its biannual sessions.</li> <li>The <b>Committee of Ambassadors</b> comprises IGAD member states' Ambassadors or Plenipotentiaries accredited to the country of IGAD Headquarters. It convenes as often as the need arises to advise and guide the Executive Secretary.</li></ul> <p>Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Mahboub_Maalim" title="Mahboub Maalim">Mahboub Maalim</a> handed over as Executive Secretary <sup id="cite_ref-Eshisti_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eshisti-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to Workneh Gebeyehu in late 2019. Maalim, a Kenyan nominee, had served from 2008 to 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_Secretaries[15]"><span id="Executive_Secretaries.5B15.5D"></span>Executive Secretaries<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Executive Secretaries[15]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Mekonnen Kibret </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td> <td>1986 </td> <td>1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>David Muduuli </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> </td> <td>1991 </td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Tekeste Ghebray </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Attalla Hamad Bashir </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Mahboub Maalim </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Workneh Gebeyehu </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>Incumbent </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_other_regional_trade_blocs">Comparison with other regional trade blocs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Comparison with other regional trade blocs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="6" style="background:#CCF"><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#EEE"> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Pillar regional<br />blocs (REC) </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Area<br /><small>(km²)</small> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Population </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">GDP (PPP) <small>($US)</small> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Member<br />states </th></tr> <tr style="background:#EEE"> <th scope="col"><small>(millions)</small> </th> <th scope="col"><small>(per capita)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">EAC</a> </th> <td data-sort="5449717">5,449,717 </td> <td data-sort="343328958">343,328,958 </td> <td data-sort="737420">737,420 </td> <td data-sort="2149">2,149 </td> <td data-sort="8">8 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">ECOWAS/CEDEAO</a> </th> <td style="background:#FFC" data-sort="5112903">5,112,903 </td> <td data-sort="349154000">349,154,000 </td> <td style="background:#CFC" data-sort="1322452">1,322,452 </td> <td data-sort="3788">3,788 </td> <td data-sort="15">15 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IGAD</a> </th> <td data-sort="5233604">5,233,604 </td> <td data-sort="294197387">294,197,387 </td> <td data-sort="225049">225,049 </td> <td style="background:#FFC" data-sort="1197">1,197 </td> <td data-sort="7">7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">AMU/UMA</a> <sup style="line-height:normal">4</sup> </th> <td data-sort="6046441">6,046,441 </td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#FFC" data-sort="106919526">106,919,526 </td> <td data-sort="1299173">1,299,173 </td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#CFC" data-sort="12628">12,628 </td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#FFC" data-sort="5">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_Central_African_States" title="Economic Community of Central African States">ECCAS/CEEAC</a> </th> <td data-sort="6667421">6,667,421 </td> <td data-sort="218261591">218,261,591 </td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#FFC" data-sort="175928">175,928 </td> <td data-sort="1451">1,451 </td> <td data-sort="11">11 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">SADC</a> </th> <td data-sort="9882959">9,882,959 </td> <td data-sort="394845175">394,845,175 </td> <td data-sort="737392">737,392 </td> <td data-sort="3152">3,152 </td> <td data-sort="15">15 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">COMESA</a> </th> <td data-sort="12873957">12,873,957 </td> <td style="text-align:right;background:#CFC" data-sort="406102471">406,102,471 </td> <td data-sort="735599">735,599 </td> <td data-sort="1811">1,811 </td> <td data-sort="20">20 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sahel%E2%80%93Saharan_States" title="Community of Sahel–Saharan States">CEN-SAD</a> <sup style="line-height:normal">4</sup> </th> <td style="background:#CFC" data-sort="14680111">14,680,111</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#CFC" data-sort="">29 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#CCF"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background:#CCF">Total <a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">AEC</a> </th> <td data-sort="29910442"><b>29,910,442</b> </td> <td data-sort="853520010"><b>853,520,010</b> </td> <td data-sort="2053706"><b>2,053,706</b> </td> <td data-sort="2406"><b>2,406</b> </td> <td data-sort="54"><b>54</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEE"> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Other regional<br />blocs </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Area<br /><small>(km²)</small> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Population </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">GDP (PPP) <small>($US)</small> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Member<br />states </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#EEE"> <th scope="col"><small>(millions)</small> </th> <th scope="col"><small>(per capita)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/West_African_Monetary_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Monetary Zone">WAMZ</a> <sup style="line-height:normal">1</sup> </th> <td data-sort="1602991">1,602,991 </td> <td data-sort="264456910">264,456,910 </td> <td data-sort="1551516">1,551,516 </td> <td data-sort="5867">5,867 </td> <td data-sort="6">6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">SACU</a> <sup style="line-height:normal">1</sup> </th> <td data-sort="2693418">2,693,418 </td> <td data-sort="51055878">51,055,878 </td> <td data-sort="541433">541,433 </td> <td data-sort="10605">10,605 </td> <td data-sort="5">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Community_of_Central_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa">CEMAC</a> <sup style="line-height:normal">2</sup> </th> <td data-sort="3020142">3,020,142 </td> <td data-sort="34970529">34,970,529 </td> <td data-sort="85136">85,136 </td> <td data-sort="2435">2,435 </td> <td data-sort="6">6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/West_African_Economic_and_Monetary_Union" title="West African Economic and Monetary Union">UEMOA</a> <sup style="line-height:normal">1</sup> </th> <td data-sort="3505375">3,505,375 </td> <td data-sort="80865222">80,865,222 </td> <td data-sort="101640">101,640 </td> <td data-sort="1257">1,257 </td> <td data-sort="8">8 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">UMA</a> <sup style="line-height:normal">2</sup> <sup style="line-height:normal">4</sup> </th> <td data-sort="5782140">5,782,140 </td> <td data-sort="84185073">84,185,073 </td> <td data-sort="491276">491,276 </td> <td data-sort="5836">5,836 </td> <td data-sort="5">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Arab_Economic_Unity#Greater_Arab_Free_Trade_Area" title="Council of Arab Economic Unity">GAFTA</a> <sup style="line-height:normal">3</sup> <sup style="line-height:normal">4</sup> </th> <td data-sort="5876960">5,876,960 </td> <td data-sort="1662596">1,662,596 </td> <td data-sort="6355">6,355 </td> <td data-sort="3822">3,822 </td> <td data-sort="5">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Sahel_States" title="Alliance of Sahel States">AES</a> <sup style="line-height:normal"></sup> <sup style="line-height:normal"></sup> </th> <td data-sort="5782140">2,780,159 </td> <td data-sort="84185073">71,374,000 </td> <td data-sort="491276">179,347 </td> <td data-sort="5836"> </td> <td data-sort="5">3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEE"> <td scope="col" colspan="6" style="text-align:left"><div>During 2004. Sources: <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> 2005, IMF WEO Database.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFC; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Smallest value among the blocs compared.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CFC; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Largest value among the blocs compared.</div> <div><sup style="line-height:normal">1</sup>: Economic bloc inside a pillar REC.</div> <div><sup style="line-height:normal">2</sup>: Proposed for pillar REC, but objecting participation.</div> <div><sup style="line-height:normal">3</sup>: Non-African members of GAFTA are excluded from figures.</div> <div style="max-width:36em"><sup style="line-height:normal">4</sup>: The area 446,550 km<sup>2</sup> used for <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> excludes all disputed territories, while 710,850 km<sup>2</sup> would include the Moroccan-claimed and partially-controlled parts of <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> (claimed as the <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a>). Morocco also claims <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>, making up about 22.8 km<sup>2</sup> (8.8 sq mi) more claimed territory.</div> <div style="text-align:center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><span>This box: </span><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_Economic_Community" title="Template:African Economic Community"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_Economic_Community" title="Template talk:African Economic Community"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_Economic_Community" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African Economic Community"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a> (EAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa</a> (COMESA)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suspended membership.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The "D" in "IGADD" abbreviation had multiple meanings (Drought or Disaster) while another "D" means "Development" afterwards.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Partner_states-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Partner_states_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Partner_states_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iom.int/intergovernmental-authority-development-regional-consultative-process-migration-igad-rcp">"IGAD-RCP"</a>. <i>IOM.int</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGAD&rft.atitle=The+IGAD+ES+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Figad.int%2Fthe-igad-es-page%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntergovernmental+Authority+on+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Igadau-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Igadau_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Igadau_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.igad.int/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=93&Itemid=124">"IGAD - About us"</a>. Intergovernmental Authority on Development<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=East+African+bloc+admits+South+Sudan+as+member&rft.pub=Reuters+Africa&rft.date=2011-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faf.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FinvestingNews%2FidAFJOE7AO0A820111125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntergovernmental+Authority+on+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFŞafak" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Şafak, Yeni. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/regional-bloc-suspends-south-sudans-membership-over-failure-to-pay-fees-3585922">"Regional bloc suspends South Sudan's membership over failure to pay fees"</a>. <i>Yeni Şafak</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yeni+%C5%9Eafak&rft.atitle=Regional+bloc+suspends+South+Sudan%27s+membership+over+failure+to+pay+fees&rft.aulast=%C5%9Eafak&rft.aufirst=Yeni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yenisafak.com%2Fen%2Fworld%2Fregional-bloc-suspends-south-sudans-membership-over-failure-to-pay-fees-3585922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntergovernmental+Authority+on+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/sudan-suspends-ties-east-african-bloc-paramilitary-leaders-summit-invitation.amp">"Sudan suspends ties with East African bloc over paramilitary leader's summit invitation | Fox News"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Sudan+suspends+ties+with+East+African+bloc+over+paramilitary+leader%27s+summit+invitation+%26%23124%3B+Fox+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fsudan-suspends-ties-east-african-bloc-paramilitary-leaders-summit-invitation.amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntergovernmental+Authority+on+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sauerpp-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sauerpp_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ports.co.za/news/article_2006_09_15_3438.html#five">"SOMALIA: African Union endorses regional peace plan"</a>. <i>IRIN</i>. 14 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IRIN&rft.atitle=SOMALIA%3A+African+Union+endorses+regional+peace+plan&rft.date=2006-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fports.co.za%2Fnews%2Farticle_2006_09_15_3438.html%23five&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntergovernmental+Authority+on+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_SRES17442007-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_SRES17442007_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Documents/1744.pdf">"Resolution 1744 (2007)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Security Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resolution+1744+%282007%29&rft.pub=United+Nations+Security+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treasury.gov%2Fresource-center%2Fsanctions%2FDocuments%2F1744.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntergovernmental+Authority+on+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202180232/https://igad.int/executive-secretary/2309-igad-countries-leaders-applaud-dr-workneh-s-appointment-as-executive-secretary">"IGAD countries leaders applaud Dr Workneh's appointment as executive secretary"</a>. <i>igad.int</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://igad.int/executive-secretary/2309-igad-countries-leaders-applaud-dr-workneh-s-appointment-as-executive-secretary">the original</a> on 2020-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=igad.int&rft.atitle=IGAD+countries+leaders+applaud+Dr+Workneh%27s+appointment+as+executive+secretary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Figad.int%2Fexecutive-secretary%2F2309-igad-countries-leaders-applaud-dr-workneh-s-appointment-as-executive-secretary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntergovernmental+Authority+on+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eshisti-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eshisti_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://igad.int/index.php?view=article&catid=46%3Aexecutive-secretary&id=762%3Aitalys-support-to-igad&format=pdf&option=com_content&Itemid=123">"Executive Secretary Hails Italy's Support to IGAD"</a>. Intergovernmental Authority on Development<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Executive+Secretary+Hails+Italy%27s+Support+to+IGAD&rft.pub=Intergovernmental+Authority+on+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Figad.int%2Findex.php%3Fview%3Darticle%26catid%3D46%253Aexecutive-secretary%26id%3D762%253Aitalys-support-to-igad%26format%3Dpdf%26option%3Dcom_content%26Itemid%3D123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntergovernmental+Authority+on+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://igad.int/the-igad-es-page/">"The IGAD ES Page"</a>. <i>IGAD</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGAD&rft.atitle=The+IGAD+ES+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Figad.int%2Fthe-igad-es-page%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntergovernmental+Authority+on+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://igad.int/">IGAD official site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional economic communities in Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organization of African Unity (OAU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community (AEC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inter-regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sahel%E2%80%93Saharan_States" title="Community of Sahel–Saharan States">Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN / SAD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_Central_African_States" title="Economic Community of Central African States">Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS / EEAC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community (SADC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union (SACU)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Arab_Free_Trade_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Arab Free Trade Area">Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community (EAC)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECOWAS" title="ECOWAS">Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Monetary_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Monetary Zone">West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Economic_and_Monetary_Union" title="West African Economic and Monetary Union">West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_Central_African_States" title="Economic Community of Central African States">Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Community_of_Central_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa">Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499039#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata970" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" 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