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Abdessemed</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Z. Abdessemed"> <meta name="keywords" content="Z. Abdessemed"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Z. 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Abdessemed"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Z. Abdessemed</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Biodegradation by Bacterial Isolated from Contaminated Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Abdessemed">Z. Abdessemed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Messa%C3%A2dia"> N. Messaâdia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Houhamdi"> M. Houhamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) represent a persistent source of pollution for oil field soils. Their degradation, essentially dominated by the aerobic bacterial and fungal flora, exhibits certain aspects for remediation of these soils microbial oxygenases have, as their substrates, a large range of PAH. The variety and the performance of these enzymes allow the initiation of the biodegradation of any PAH through many different metabolic pathways. These pathways are very important for the recycling of the PAH in the biosphere, where substances supposed indigestible by living organisms are rapidly transformed into simples compounds, directly assimilated by the intermediate metabolism of other microorganisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycyclic%20aromatic%20hydrocarbons" title="polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20oxygenases" title=" microbial oxygenases"> microbial oxygenases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title=" biodegradation"> biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20pathways" title=" metabolic pathways"> metabolic pathways</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26452/study-of-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-biodegradation-by-bacterial-isolated-from-contaminated-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Biochemical Identification and Study of Antibiotic Resistance in Isolated Bacteria from WWTP TIMGAD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdessemed%20Zineb">Abdessemed Zineb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atia%20Yahia"> Atia Yahia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeza%20Salima"> Yeza Salima </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water is self-purified by activated sludge process which makes its uniqueness. The main goal is the microbial biocenosis study of the input and output water of the waste water treatment system plant Timgad. 89.47% of the identified biocenosis belongs to ɤ-Proteobacteria while the remaining 10.52 % is equally divided between α-Proteobacteria and β-Proteobacteria. The antibiotics susceptibility profiles reveal that over 30 % are wild strains while the penicillinases are often present (11.30-20 %) with also other profiles. This proportion is worrying that the water discharged join the Oued Soltez used for irrigation. This disadvantage involves the installation of a chlorination step. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20sludge" title="activated sludge">activated sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocenosis" title=" biocenosis"> biocenosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotics%20profiles" title=" antibiotics profiles"> antibiotics profiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penicillinases" title=" penicillinases"> penicillinases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physic-chemical%20quality" title=" physic-chemical quality"> physic-chemical quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26876/biochemical-identification-and-study-of-antibiotic-resistance-in-isolated-bacteria-from-wwtp-timgad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Advanced Oxidation Processes as a Pre-oxidation Step for Biological Treatment of Leachate from Technical Landfills</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ala%20Abdessemed">Ala Abdessemed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Seddik%20Oussama%20Belahmadi"> Mohamed Seddik Oussama Belahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Charchar"> Nabil Charchar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdefettah%20Gherib"> Abdefettah Gherib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bradai%20Fares"> Bradai Fares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boussadia%20Chouaib%20Nour%20El-Islem"> Boussadia Chouaib Nour El-Islem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Algerian cities are confronted with large quantities of waste generated by the disposal of household and similar residues in technical landfills (CET), such as the one in the location of Batna. The interaction between waste components and incoming water generates leachates rich in organic matter and trace elements, which require treatment before discharge. The aim of this study was to propose an effective process for treating the leachates, which were subjected to an initial chemical treatment using the (H₂O₂/UV) system. Optimal treatment conditions were determined at [H₂O₂] of 0.3 M and pH of 8.6. Next, two hybrid biological treatment systems were applied: hybrid system I (H₂O₂/UV/bacteria) and hybrid system II (H₂O₂/UV/bacteria/microalgae). The three processes resulted in the following degradation rates, expressed in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) 27.4% for the (H₂O₂/UV) system; 58.1% for the hybrid system I (H₂O₂/UV/Bacteria); 67.86% for the hybrid system II (H₂O₂/UV/Bacteria/Microalgae). This study demonstrates that a hybrid approach combining advanced oxidation processes and biological treatments is a highly effective alternative to achieve satisfactory treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leachate" title="leachate">leachate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill" title=" landfill"> landfill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20oxidation%20processes" title=" advanced oxidation processes"> advanced oxidation processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20treatment" title=" biological treatment"> biological treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20organic%20carbon" title=" total organic carbon"> total organic carbon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174615/advanced-oxidation-processes-as-a-pre-oxidation-step-for-biological-treatment-of-leachate-from-technical-landfills" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Women Trainees' Perception on Non-Formal Educational Workshops in Improving Their Socio-Economic Status in Algeria and Costa Rica</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahia%20Braktia">Bahia Braktia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Anna%20Marcela%20Montenegro"> S. Anna Marcela Montenegro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imene%20Abdessemed"> Imene Abdessemed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adult education is still considered a crucial area of education. In a developing framework, it is regarded as a practical approach for social inclusion and poverty reduction. They are also perceived as a way to serve adults who did not have the chance to education in their early ages by providing them knowledge, skills and values. Non-formal adult education and trainings are critical means in a society to break poverty and unemployment, and to decrease the social inequality. This paper investigates the perception of women trainees about a series of workshops in natural beauty products, held in Algeria and Costa Rica and organized by a non-profit educational organization, to improve their socio-economic status. This research seeks to explore ways of empowering women by assessing their needs and providing them with skills to start their own business. A questionnaire is administered before the workshops and focus groups are held at the end. A qualitative research method is employed to analyze the data. Preliminary results show that the trainees aspire to create their businesses with the objectives of poverty reduction and social inclusion. The findings also reveal the need for small business funding programs and entrepreneurial training programs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult%20education" title="adult education">adult education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-formal%20education" title=" non-formal education"> non-formal education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20status" title=" socio-economic status"> socio-economic status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20empowerment" title=" women empowerment"> women empowerment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95214/women-trainees-perception-on-non-formal-educational-workshops-in-improving-their-socio-economic-status-in-algeria-and-costa-rica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Assessment of Hemostatic Activity of the Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Marrubium vulgare L.: A Mediterranean Lamiaceae Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Ghedadba">Nabil Ghedadba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdessemed%20Samira"> Abdessemed Samira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Hambaba"> Leila Hambaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidi%20Mohamed%20Ould%20Mokhtar"> Sidi Mohamed Ould Mokhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassima%20Fercha"> Nassima Fercha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houas%20Bousselsela"> Houas Bousselsela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The overall objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the hemostatic activity of secondary metabolites (polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins) of Marrubium vulgare leaves, aromatic plant widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of asthma, cough, diabetes (by its effect on the pancreas to secrete insulin), heart disease, fever has a high efficiency as against inflammation. Qualitative analysis of the aqueous extract (AQE) by thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of quercetin, kaempferol and rutin. Quantification of total phenols by Folin Ciocalteu method and flavonoids by AlCl3 method gave high values with AQE: 175±0.80 mg GAE per 100g of the dry matter, 23.86±0.36 mg QE per 100g of dry matter. Moreover, the assay of condensed tannins by the vanillin method showed that AQE contains the highest value: 16.55±0.03 mg e-catechin per 100 g of dry matter. Assessment of hemostatic activity by the plasma recalcification method (time of Howell) has allowed us to discover the surprising dose dependent anticoagulant effect of AQE lyophilized from leaves of M. vulgare. A positive linear correlation between the two parameters studied: the content of condensed tannins and hemostatic activity (r=0.96) were used to highlight a possible role of these compounds that are potent vasoconstrictor activity in hemostatic. From these results we can see that Marrubium vulgre could be used for the treatment of health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marrubium%20vulgare%20L." title="Marrubium vulgare L.">Marrubium vulgare L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20extract" title=" aqueous extract"> aqueous extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20compounds%20dosing" title=" phenolic compounds dosing"> phenolic compounds dosing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemostatic%20activity" title=" hemostatic activity"> hemostatic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condensed%20tannins" title=" condensed tannins"> condensed tannins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10562/assessment-of-hemostatic-activity-of-the-aqueous-extract-of-leaves-of-marrubium-vulgare-l-a-mediterranean-lamiaceae-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Modeling Approach to Better Control Fouling in a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment: Development of Analytical Expressions in Steady-State Using ASM1</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benaliouche%20Hana">Benaliouche Hana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdessemed%20Djamal"> Abdessemed Djamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meniai%20Abdessalem"> Meniai Abdessalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lesage%20Geoffroy"> Lesage Geoffroy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heran%20Marc"> Heran Marc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a dynamic mathematical model of activated sludge which is able to predict the formation and degradation kinetics of SMP (Soluble microbial products) in membrane bioreactor systems. The model is based on a calibrated version of ASM1 with the theory of production and degradation of SMP. The model was calibrated on the experimental data from MBR (Mathematical modeling Membrane bioreactor) pilot plant. Analytical expressions have been developed, describing the concentrations of the main state variables present in the sludge matrix, with the inclusion of only six additional linear differential equations. The objective is to present a new dynamic mathematical model of activated sludge capable of predicting the formation and degradation kinetics of SMP (UAP and BAP) from the submerged membrane bioreactor (BRMI), operating at low organic load (C / N = 3.5), for two sludge retention times (SRT) fixed at 40 days and 60 days, to study their impact on membrane fouling, The modeling study was carried out under the steady-state condition. Analytical expressions were then validated by comparing their results with those obtained by simulations using GPS-X-Hydromantis software. These equations made it possible, by means of modeling approaches (ASM1), to identify the operating and kinetic parameters and help to predict membrane fouling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Activated%20Sludge%20Model%20No.%201%20%28ASM1%29" title="Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1)">Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling%20membrane%20bioreactor" title=" mathematical modeling membrane bioreactor"> mathematical modeling membrane bioreactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20microbial%20products" title=" soluble microbial products"> soluble microbial products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAP" title=" UAP"> UAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BAP" title=" BAP"> BAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Modeling%20SMP" title=" Modeling SMP"> Modeling SMP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MBR" title=" MBR"> MBR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterotrophic%20biomass" title=" heterotrophic biomass"> heterotrophic biomass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139601/modeling-approach-to-better-control-fouling-in-a-submerged-membrane-bioreactor-for-wastewater-treatment-development-of-analytical-expressions-in-steady-state-using-asm1" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Elimination Study of Organic Pollutants from Leachate Technical Landfill; Using Fenton and Photo-Fenton Systems Combined with Biological Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belahmadi%20M.%20S.%20O.">Belahmadi M. S. O.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdessemed%20A."> Abdessemed A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benchiheub%20M."> Benchiheub M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doukali%20%20H."> Doukali H.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaid%20Kasbah%20%20K.%20M."> Kaid Kasbah K. M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of leachate generated by the Batna landfill site, and to verify the performance of various advanced oxidation processes, in particular the Fenton and Photo-Fenton systems combined with biological treatment to eliminate the recalcitrant organic matter contained in this effluent, and to preserve reverse osmosis membranes used for leachate treatment. The average values obtained are compared with national and international discharge standards. The results of physico-chemical analyses show that the leachate has an alkaline pH =8.26 and a high organic load with a low oxygen content. Mineral pollution is represented by high conductivity (38.3 mS/cm), high Kjeldahl nitrogen content (1266.504 mg/L) and ammoniacal nitrogen (1098.384 mg/L). The average pollution indicator parameters measured were: BOD5 = 1483.333 mg O2 /L, COD = 99790.244 mg O 2/L, TOC = 22400 mg C/L. These parameters exceed Algerian standards. Hence, there is a necessity to treat this effluent before discharging it into the environment. A comparative study was carried out to estimate the efficiency of two oxidation processes. Under optimum reaction conditions, TOC removal efficiencies of 63.43% and 73.4% were achieved for the Fenton and Photo-Fenton processes, respectively. COD removal rates estimated at 88% and 99.5% for the Fenton and Photo- Fenton processes, respectively. In addition, the Photo-Fenton + bacteria + micro- algae hybrid treatment gave removal efficiencies of around 92.24% for TOC and 99.9% for COD; -0.5 for AOS and 0.01 for CN. The results obtained during this study showed that a hybrid approach combining the PhotoFenton process and biological treatment appears to be a highly effective alternative for achieving satisfactory treatment, which aimed at exploiting the advantages of this method in terms of organic pollutant removal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leachate" title="leachate">leachate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill" title=" landfill"> landfill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20oxidation%20processes" title=" advanced oxidation processes"> advanced oxidation processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fenton%20and%20Photo-Fenton%20systems" title=" Fenton and Photo-Fenton systems"> Fenton and Photo-Fenton systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20treatment" title=" biological treatment"> biological treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20pollutants" title=" organic pollutants"> organic pollutants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174912/elimination-study-of-organic-pollutants-from-leachate-technical-landfill-using-fenton-and-photo-fenton-systems-combined-with-biological-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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