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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sv.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:S%C3%B6k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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name="title" value="Special:Sök"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Sök</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personliga verktyg"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=L%C3%A5gtyska" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=L%C3%A5gtyska" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=L%C3%A5gtyska" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=L%C3%A5gtyska" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exempel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exempel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Exempel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exempel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inflytande_på_svenska_språket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inflytande_på_svenska_språket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Inflytande på svenska språket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inflytande_på_svenska_språket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Betydande_lågtyska_författare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Betydande_lågtyska_författare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Betydande lågtyska författare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Betydande_lågtyska_författare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidare_läsning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidare_läsning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vidare läsning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vidare_läsning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Vidare läsning</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vidare_läsning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lågtyska</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 92 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederduits" title="Nederduits – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nederduits" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederdeutsche_Sprache" title="Niederdeutsche Sprache – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Niederdeutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%89%BD%E1%8A%9B_%E1%88%B3%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%9B" title="ታችኛ ሳክስኛ – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ታችኛ ሳክስኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%BEeru_%C3%9E%C4%93odsc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Niþeru Þēodsc sprǣc – fornengelska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Niþeru Þēodsc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornengelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="الألمانية الدنيا – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الألمانية الدنيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_baixo_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma baixo alemán – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma baixo alemán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baxu_alem%C3%A1n" title="Baxu alemán – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Baxu alemán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_alman_dili" title="Aşağı alman dili – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aşağı alman dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%93-t%C4%93_Tek-g%C3%AD" title="Kē-tē Tek-gí – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kē-tē Tek-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ніжненямецкая мова – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ніжненямецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ніжненямецкая мова – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ніжненямецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Долнонемски език – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Долнонемски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niskonjema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Niskonjemački jezik – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Niskonjemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_alamanek_izel" title="Yezhoù alamanek izel – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù alamanek izel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baix_alemany" title="Baix alemany – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Baix alemany" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolnon%C4%9Bm%C4%8Dina" title="Dolnoněmčina – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dolnoněmčina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacsoneg_Isel" title="Sacsoneg Isel – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sacsoneg Isel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plattysk" title="Plattysk – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Plattysk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksigiella" title="Saksigiella – nordsamiska" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Saksigiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blattdeitsch" title="Blattdeitsch – Pennsylvaniatyska" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Blattdeitsch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvaniatyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederdeutsche_Sprache" title="Niederdeutsche Sprache – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Niederdeutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamsaksa_keel" title="Alamsaksa keel – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alamsaksa keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" title="Κάτω Γερμανικά – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάτω Γερμανικά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Low German" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_bajo_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma bajo alemán – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma bajo alemán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platgermana_lingvo" title="Platgermana lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Platgermana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behe-aleman" title="Behe-aleman – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Behe-aleman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آلمانی سفلی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلمانی سفلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_allemand" title="Bas allemand – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bas allemand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederd%C3%BAtsk" title="Nederdútsk – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nederdútsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghearm%C3%A1inis_%C3%8Dochtarach" title="An Ghearmáinis Íochtarach – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghearmáinis Íochtarach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_baixo_alem%C3%A1" title="Lingua baixo alemá – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua baixo alemá" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2i-thi_Tet-ng%C3%AE" title="Tâi-thi Tet-ngî – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tâi-thi Tet-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EC%A7%80_%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%96%B4" title="저지 독일어 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저지 독일어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ստորին գերմաներեն – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստորին գերմաներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donjonjema%C4%8Dki_jezici" title="Donjonjemački jezici – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Donjonjemački jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman_Rendah" title="Bahasa Jerman Rendah – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Jerman Rendah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1g%C3%BE%C3%BDska" title="Lágþýska – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lágþýska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_basso-tedesche" title="Lingue basso-tedesche – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue basso-tedesche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="גרמנית תחתית – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמנית תחתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Улыс немеч кыв – kome" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Улыс немеч кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="kome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Saxonica" title="Lingua Saxonica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Saxonica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lejasv%C4%81cu_valoda" title="Lejasvācu valoda – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lejasvācu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_%C5%BEemai%C4%8Di%C5%B3_tarm%C4%97" title="Vokiečių žemaičių tarmė – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokiečių žemaičių tarmė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_tedesca_bassa" title="Lengua tedesca bassa – liguriska" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua tedesca bassa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederduutsj" title="Nederduutsj – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nederduutsj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platdeutx" title="Platdeutx – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Platdeutx" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasaksin_kieli" title="Alasaksin kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Alasaksin kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aln%C3%A9met_nyelv" title="Alnémet nyelv – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alnémet nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Долногермански јазик – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Долногермански јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="الالمانيه الدنيا – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الالمانيه الدنيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ала Саксонь кяль – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ала Саксонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederduits" title="Nederduits – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nederduits" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nedersaksisch" title="Nedersaksisch – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Nedersaksisch" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E" title="低地ドイツ語 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="低地ドイツ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaatsjiisk" title="Plaatsjiisk – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Plaatsjiisk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nedertysk" title="Nedertysk – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nedertysk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plattysk" title="Plattysk – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Plattysk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_saxon" title="Bas saxon – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bas saxon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹੇਠਲੀ ਜਰਮਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੇਠਲੀ ਜਰਮਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ذیلی جرمن زبان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ذیلی جرمن زبان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plattd%C3%BC%C3%BCtsch" title="Plattdüütsch – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Plattdüütsch" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plattd%C3%BC%C3%BCtsch" title="Plattdüütsch – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Plattdüütsch" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_dolnoniemiecki" title="Język dolnoniemiecki – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język dolnoniemiecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixo-alem%C3%A3o" title="Baixo-alemão – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baixo-alemão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germana_de_jos" title="Germana de jos – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Germana de jos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ura_sahun_simi" title="Ura sahun simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ura sahun simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Нижненемецкий язык – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нижненемецкий язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassu_tedescu" title="Bassu tedescu – sardinska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bassu tedescu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4ichd%C3%BC%C3%BCtsk" title="Läichdüütsk – saterfrisiska" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Läichdüütsk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjermanishtja_e_ul%C3%ABt" title="Gjermanishtja e ulët – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjermanishtja e ulët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_German_language" title="Low German language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Low German language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doln%C3%A1_nem%C4%8Dina" title="Dolná nemčina – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dolná nemčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizka_nem%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Nizka nemščina – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nizka nemščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Нисконемачки језик – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нисконемачки језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donjonjema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Donjonjemački jezik – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Donjonjemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasaksa" title="Alasaksa – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alasaksa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="நேதர்துவித்து மொழி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நேதர்துவித்து மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B3" title="ภาษาเยอรมันต่ำ – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเยอรมันต่ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_Almanca" title="Aşağı Almanca – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aşağı Almanca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нижньонімецька мова – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нижньонімецька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ذیلی جرمن زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ذیلی جرمن زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A_%DA%AF%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AF%D9%89%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%90%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%89" title="شىمالىي گېرمانىيە دىئالېكتى – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىمالىي گېرمانىيە دىئالېكتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_todesca_basa" title="Łéngua todesca basa – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua todesca basa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasaksonijan_kel%27" title="Alasaksonijan kel' – veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Alasaksonijan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_H%E1%BA%A1_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Tiếng Hạ Đức – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Hạ Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alambs%27aksa_kiil" title="Alambs'aksa kiil – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Alambs'aksa kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="低地德语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" title="低地德文 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="低地德文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almankiyo_C%C3%AAr%C3%AAn" title="Almankiyo Cêrên – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Almankiyo Cêrên" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="低地德语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/L%C3%A5gtyska" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/L%C3%A5gtyska" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&oldid=55515533" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=L%C3%A5gtyska&id=55515533&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Plattd%C3%BC%C3%BCtsch" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25433" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-size:130%;background:#c9ffd9;">Lågtyska</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;background:#c9ffd9;"><small> / Plattdeutsch</small></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Talas i</th><td class="" style=""><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland"><img alt="Tyskland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a><br /><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Nederländerna"><img alt="Nederländerna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Nederländerna">Nederländerna</a><br /><span class="flagicon" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark"><img alt="Danmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Region</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Niedersachsen" title="Niedersachsen">Niedersachsen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a><br /><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8nderjylland" title="Sønderjylland">Sønderjylland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen">Nordrhein-Westfalen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sachsen-Anhalt" title="Sachsen-Anhalt">Sachsen-Anhalt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Groningen_(provins)" title="Groningen (provins)">Groningen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Drenthe" title="Drenthe">Drenthe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Overijssel" title="Overijssel">Overijssel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(provins)" title="Utrecht (provins)">Utrecht</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Flevoland" title="Flevoland">Flevoland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Friesland" title="Friesland">Friesland</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Språkfamilj</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiska språk">Indoeuropeiska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Germanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanska språk">Germanska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Germanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanska språk">Västgermanska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gtyska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Lågtyska språk">Lågtyska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Lågtyska</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem">Skriftsystem</a></div></div></th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Latinska_alfabetet" title="Latinska alfabetet">Latinska alfabetet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#c9ffd9;">Språkkoder</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐2</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=321">nds</a></span></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐3</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nds" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nds">nds</a></kbd></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Low_Saxon_dialects.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Low_Saxon_dialects.png/250px-Low_Saxon_dialects.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Low_Saxon_dialects.png/375px-Low_Saxon_dialects.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Low_Saxon_dialects.png/500px-Low_Saxon_dialects.png 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>Karta över lågtyskans nutida<sup style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tidl%C3%B6shet" title="Wikipedia:Tidlöshet">när?</a></i>]</sup> utbredningsområde med de lågsaxiska och östlågtyska <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekterna</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lågtyska</b>, historiskt även <b>nedertyska</b> (<i>Nedderdüütsch</i>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gtyska" title="Högtyska">högtyska</a>: <i>Niederdeutsch</i>) eller <b>plattyska</b> (<i>Plattdüütsch</i>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gtyska" title="Högtyska">högtyska</a>: <i>Plattdeutsch</i>), är ett av de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gtyska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Lågtyska språk">lågtyska språken</a>. </p><p>Lågtyska talas numera i norra <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> och <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Nederländerna">Nederländerna</a>. Det bör inte förväxlas med den <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gtyska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Lågtyska språk">lågtyska språkfamiljen</a>, vilken det tillhör. Det betyder att lågtyskan är närmare besläktat med <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4ndska" title="Nederländska">nederländska</a> än med <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gtyska" title="Högtyska">högtyska</a>, men har under tiden som dialekt i ordförrådet starkt påverkats av högtyskan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lågtyska tillhör huvudgrenen <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gsaxiska" class="mw-redirect" title="Lågsaxiska">lågsaxiska</a>, som skiljer sig från den andra grenen <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gfrankiska" class="mw-redirect" title="Lågfrankiska">lågfrankiska</a>, dit bland andra <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4ndska" title="Nederländska">nederländskan</a> hör (stundom utgör endast de lågsaxiska språken de lågtyska, stundom inkluderas de lågfrankiska). Lågtyskan brukar delas upp i östliga och västliga dialekter, varav de västliga är de med störst omfång. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_(according_to_Wiesinger,_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_%28according_to_Wiesinger%2C_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig%29.png/250px-West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_%28according_to_Wiesinger%2C_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_%28according_to_Wiesinger%2C_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig%29.png/375px-West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_%28according_to_Wiesinger%2C_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_%28according_to_Wiesinger%2C_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig%29.png/500px-West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_%28according_to_Wiesinger%2C_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3748" data-file-height="3044" /></a><figcaption>Lågtyskans spridning före andra världskriget (det blå området).</figcaption></figure> <p>Lågtyskan utskiljde sig mycket tidigt från urgermanskan och är i själva verket närmare besläktat med <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4ndska" title="Nederländska">nederländska</a> än med <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gtyska" title="Högtyska">högtyska</a> och fungerade som ett självständigt litteratur- och förvaltningsspråk i norra Tyskland in på 1600-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lågtyskan var <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a></i> i <a href="/wiki/Hansan" title="Hansan">Hansan</a>, och har haft stor inverkan på bland annat de moderna <a href="/wiki/Nordiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Nordiska språk">nordiska språken</a>. Ett centralt verk för den lågtyska språkforskningen är <a href="/wiki/Sachsenspiegel" title="Sachsenspiegel">Sachsenspiegel</a>, som är en lagbok från 1200-talet. </p><p>Den lågtyska, som talades åren från omkring 1100 till 1600 kallas <i>medellågtyska</i> (medeltidslågtyska). <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I början på 1600-talet övertog den i södra Tyskland använda <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gtyska" title="Högtyska">högtyskan</a> rollen som <a href="/wiki/Skriftspr%C3%A5k" title="Skriftspråk">skriftspråk</a> och bildat <a href="/wiki/Talspr%C3%A5k" title="Talspråk">talspråk</a> även i Nordtyskland. Under 1800- och 1900-talens <a href="/wiki/Urbanisering" title="Urbanisering">urbanisering</a> och <a href="/wiki/Industrialisering" title="Industrialisering">industrialisering</a> har lågtyskan blivit mer av en <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekt</a> som talas i första hand på landsbygden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Geografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lågtyska talas i dag av ca 5 miljoner personer i förbundsländerna <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niedersachsen" title="Niedersachsen">Niedersachsen</a> och <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> (med talare i <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8nderjylland" title="Sønderjylland">södra Danmark</a>) samt i delar av <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen">Nordrhein-Westfalen</a> och <a href="/wiki/Sachsen-Anhalt" title="Sachsen-Anhalt">Sachsen-Anhalt</a> och i <a href="/wiki/Groningen_(provins)" title="Groningen (provins)">Groningen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drenthe" title="Drenthe">Drenthe</a> och <a href="/wiki/Overijssel" title="Overijssel">Overijssel</a> samt i delar av <a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(provins)" title="Utrecht (provins)">Utrecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flevoland" title="Flevoland">Flevoland</a> och <a href="/wiki/Friesland" title="Friesland">Friesland</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Nederländerna">Nederländerna</a>. Lågtyskan talas i större utsträckning längs kusterna än i inlandet. </p><p>Språket har varit på tillbakagång under lång tid till förmån för högtyska, eftersom lågtyska inte lärs ut i skolorna i någon större utsträckning. Det finns ett etablerat skriftspråk för lågtyska, men få lär sig skriva det.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genom olika initiativ till stöd från förbundsländerna och kommuner har en lågtysk litteratur återuppstått och lågtyskan har åter börjat användas inom bland annat teatern, kyrkan och i moderna medier. Antalet talare fortsätter dock att minska, framför allt genom att föräldrar talar högtyska med sina barn. </p><p>Fasta forsknings- och utbildningsresurser för lågtyska finns vid universiteten i <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flensburg" title="Flensburg">Flensburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greifswald" title="Greifswald">Greifswald</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> och <a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a>. Dessutom ges utbildning i lågtyska vid en rad andra universitet i norra Tyskland. Det finns vidare olika institut som har som syfte att främja lågtyskan, exempelvis institutet för det lågtyska språket i <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a> och den plattyska byrån i <a href="/wiki/Aurich" title="Aurich">Aurich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ostfriesland" title="Ostfriesland">Ostfriesland</a>. Plattyska byrån arbetar bland annat för att främja användandet av lågtyska i arbetslivet och tvåspråkighet på daghem och i skolor. Det finns i <a href="/wiki/Ostfriesland" title="Ostfriesland">Ostfriesland</a> mer än 30 tvåspråkiga daghem som regelmässigt arbetar med både hög- och lågtyska. </p><p>Uppskattningsvis drygt hälften av befolkningen i norra <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> kan tala lågtyska och ca 90 % förstår lågtyska. Uppskattningsvis ca 10 % av barnen i ett av lågtyskans kärnområden i <a href="/wiki/Ostfriesland" title="Ostfriesland">Ostfriesland</a> växer upp med lågtyska som <a href="/wiki/Modersm%C3%A5l" title="Modersmål">modersmål</a> och ca 10 % växer upp tvåspråkigt. Resterande 80 % växer upp med högtyska. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exempel">Exempel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Exempel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Exempel"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="75"><a href="/wiki/Svenska" title="Svenska">Svenska</a> </th> <th>Lågtyska </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska">Tyska</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Äpple</b></td> <td><b>Appel</b></td> <td><b>Apfel</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Bröst</b></td> <td><b>Bost</b></td> <td><b>Brust</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Brun</b></td> <td><b>Bruun</b></td> <td><b>Braun</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Dag</b></td> <td><b>Dag</b></td> <td><b>Tag</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Det</b></td> <td><b>Dat</b></td> <td><b>Das</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Död</b></td> <td><b>Dood</b></td> <td><b>Tot</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>En</b></td> <td><b>Een</b></td> <td><b>Eins</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Finger</b></td> <td><b>Vinger</b></td> <td><b>Finger</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ge</b></td> <td><b>Geven</b></td> <td><b>Geben</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Hög</b></td> <td><b>Hoog</b></td> <td><b>Hoch</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Hake/ Krok</b></td> <td><b>Haak</b></td> <td><b>Haken</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Hus</b></td> <td><b>Huus</b></td> <td><b>Haus</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Löpa</b></td> <td><b>Lopen</b></td> <td><b>Laufen</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Måne</b></td> <td><b>Maan</b></td> <td><b>Mond</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Många</b></td> <td><b>Mennig</b></td> <td><b>Manche</b> (Vissa, somliga) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Natt</b></td> <td><b>Natt</b>/ <b>Nacht</b></td> <td><b>Nacht</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nej</b></td> <td><b>Nee</b></td> <td><b>Nein</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nog</b></td> <td><b>Noog</b></td> <td><b>Genug</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Sak</b></td> <td><b>Saak</b></td> <td><b>Sache</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Skepp</b></td> <td><b>Schipp</b></td> <td><b>Schiff</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Snö</b></td> <td><b>Snee</b></td> <td><b>Schnee</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Sten</b></td> <td><b>Steen</b></td> <td><b>Stein</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Tid</b></td> <td><b>Tied</b></td> <td><b>Zeit</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Två</b></td> <td><b>Twee</b></td> <td><b>Zwei</b>/ <b>Zwo</b>/ <b>Zwan</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Äta</b></td> <td><b>Eten</b></td> <td><b>Essen</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="75"><a href="/wiki/Svenska" title="Svenska">Svenska</a> </th> <th>Lågtyska </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska">Tyska</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inflytande_på_svenska_språket"><span id="Inflytande_p.C3.A5_svenska_spr.C3.A5ket"></span>Inflytande på svenska språket</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Inflytande på svenska språket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Inflytande på svenska språket"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="font-style:italic; ;"> <dl><dd>Se även: <a href="/wiki/Yngre_fornsvenska" title="Yngre fornsvenska">yngre fornsvenska</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Under medeltiden hade Hansa-tyskan stort inflytande på svenskan, främst i handelsstäderna. Ord och ordbildningelement lånades in. Detta underlättades av att lågtyskan redan innan var relativt närbesläktad med de nordiska språken, med flera ord i liknande form på grund av frånvaron av den <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6gtyska_ljudskridningen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Högtyska ljudskridningen [inte skriven än]">högtyska ljudskridningen</a>. </p><p>En stor del av ordförrådet hämtades från plattyskan. Lånord träffas i mängd på nästan alla kulturområden (med undantag av rättsväsendet), mest bland yrkestermer, som hantverks-, handels- och i synnerhet sjömanstermer (som ofta orätt härleds från holländskan). Bergsbrukets termer är av kulturhistoriska orsaker hämtade från högtyskan, som också gav en del jägartermer.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inflytandet blev dock svagare under 1500- och 1600-talet, då högtyskan istället kom att utöva en viss påverkan i och med att norra Tyskland reformerades. Under Stormaktstiden var man dock vaksam mot det högtyska inflytandet.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Betydande_lågtyska_författare"><span id="Betydande_l.C3.A5gtyska_f.C3.B6rfattare"></span>Betydande lågtyska författare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Betydande lågtyska författare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Betydande lågtyska författare"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Brinckman" title="John Brinckman">John Brinckman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Groth" title="Klaus Groth">Klaus Groth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Reuter" title="Fritz Reuter">Fritz Reuter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i> multimedia plus, 2000 (uppslagsord lågtyska)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i> multimedia plus, 2000 (uppslagsord Lågtyska)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ord för alla,</i> Prisma, Stockholm 1993, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-518-2586-4" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-518-2586-4">ISBN 91-518-2586-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kristianstadsbladet.se/kristianstad/vart-tyska-arvegods/">”Vårt tyska arvegods”</a> (på svenska). <i>Kristianstadsbladet</i>. 14 juni 2004<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.kristianstadsbladet.se/kristianstad/vart-tyska-arvegods/">http://www.kristianstadsbladet.se/kristianstad/vart-tyska-arvegods/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 23 oktober</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=V%C3%A5rt+tyska+arvegods&rft.jtitle=Kristianstadsbladet&rft.date=14+juni+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kristianstadsbladet.se%2Fkristianstad%2Fvart-tyska-arvegods%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:L%C3%A5gtyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfca/0577.html">Plattyska</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (andra upplagan, 1915)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Svensson_(spr%C3%A5kvetare)" title="Jan Svensson (språkvetare)">Jan Svensson</a>, <i>Kommunikationshistoria</i>, s 38</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidare_läsning"><span id="Vidare_l.C3.A4sning"></span>Vidare läsning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vidare läsning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vidare läsning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Litteratur"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Karlsson" title="Ingmar Karlsson">Ingmar Karlsson</a>,<i>Tyska - lätt som platt</i>, <a href="/wiki/Svenska_Dagbladet" title="Svenska Dagbladet">Svenska Dagbladet</a> 2001-03-14.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Svensson_(spr%C3%A5kvetare)" title="Jan Svensson (språkvetare)">Jan Svensson</a>, <i>Kommunikationshistoria</i>, <a href="/wiki/Lund" title="Lund">Lund</a> 1988</li> <li>Rapport från <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_riksdag" title="Sveriges riksdag">riksdagen</a> 2004/05:RFR3 <i>Nationella minoriteter och minoritetsspråk</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Film" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Film"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stellet_Licht" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellet Licht">Stellet Licht</a>, en film där det pratas lågtyska i majoriteten av dialogerna.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A5gtyska&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="floatright metadata"> <table style="font-size: 90%; width: 22em; padding: 0; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin: .5em 0 .5em 1em; border-spacing: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 40px; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0.5em;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/75px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/100px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> har en <i><b><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="nds:">upplaga på <span style="text-transform: lowercase;">Lågtyska</span></a></b></i>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plattmakers.de/en">Plattmakers ordbok</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090912163023/http://www.drentswoordenboek.nl/">Drents ordbok</a></li> <li><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:W%C3%B6%C3%B6rb%C3%B6ker" class="extiw" title="nds:Wikipedia:Wöörböker">Lista över lågtyska ordböcker</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plattcast.de/">Podcasts och videor</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sont.nl/">Streektaal-Organisatie in het Nedersaksisch Taalgebied</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ins-bremen.de/">Institut für niederdeutsche Sprache e.V.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090803095935/http://www.ndr903.de/programm/platt/norichten52.html">nyheter på lågtyska</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85078636">sh85078636</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4042178-8">4042178-8</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/02753748X">02753748X</a></span> • <a 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