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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig_side" title="Vis ei tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Innhald" title="Hjelp til å bruke alle funksjonane."><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-query" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-query emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eksterne søk </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Languages_by_family" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25295" title="Lenkje til tilknytt element [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hovudside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fleire val" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlege verktøy" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlege verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nn.wikipedia.org&uselang=nn"><span>Gåver</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar" title="Me oppfordrar til at du oppretter ein konto og loggar inn, men det er ikkje påkravd."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar" title="Det er ikkje obligatorisk å logga inn, men medfører mange fordelar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Korleis_språkfamiliar_oppstår" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korleis_språkfamiliar_oppstår"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Korleis språkfamiliar oppstår</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korleis_språkfamiliar_oppstår-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Å_bestemma_språkfamiliar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Å_bestemma_språkfamiliar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Å bestemma språkfamiliar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Å_bestemma_språkfamiliar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikre_språkfamiliar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikre_språkfamiliar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sikre språkfamiliar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikre_språkfamiliar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Språkfamiliar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 116 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfamilie" title="Språkfamilie – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Språkfamilie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfamilj" title="Språkfamilj – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Språkfamilj" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprogfamilie" title="Sprogfamilie – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sprogfamilie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taalfamilie" title="Taalfamilie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Taalfamilie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachfamilie" title="Sprachfamilie – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sprachfamilie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="أسرة لغات – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسرة لغات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familias_ling%C3%BCisticas" title="Familias lingüisticas – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Familias lingüisticas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_lling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Familia llingüística – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Familia llingüística" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%E1%BA%BDngu%C3%A9ra_aty" title="Ñe'ẽnguéra aty – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ẽnguéra aty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB_%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="МацӀазул хъизан – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="МацӀазул хъизан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="دیل عائیله‌سی – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دیل عائیله‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ভাষা পরিবার – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভাষা পরিবার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%AD-h%C4%93" title="Gí-hē – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gí-hē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भाषा परिवार – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamilya_nin_tataramon" title="Pamilya nin tataramon – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pamilya nin tataramon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Езиково семейство – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Езиково семейство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezi%C4%8Dke_porodice_i_jezici" title="Jezičke porodice i jezici – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jezičke porodice i jezici" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familh_yezho%C3%B9" title="Familh yezhoù – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Familh yezhoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Família lingüística – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Família lingüística" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazykov%C3%A1_rodina" title="Jazyková rodina – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jazyková rodina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhuri_ye_mutauro" title="Mhuri ye mutauro – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mhuri ye mutauro" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teulu_ieithyddol" title="Teulu ieithyddol – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teulu ieithyddol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فاميلة د لوغات – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فاميلة د لوغات" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachfamilie" title="Sprachfamilie – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sprachfamilie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keelkond" title="Keelkond – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keelkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Γλωσσική οικογένεια – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλωσσική οικογένεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Language family" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_de_lenguas" title="Familia de lenguas – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Familia de lenguas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingva_familio" title="Lingva familio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lingva familio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizkuntza_familia" title="Hizkuntza familia – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntza familia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="خانواده زبانی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خانواده زبانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Language family" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famille_de_langues" title="Famille de langues – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Famille de langues" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taalfamylje" title="Taalfamylje – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Taalfamylje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_teangacha" title="Fine teangacha – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fine teangacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kynney_%C3%A7hengey" title="Kynney çhengey – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kynney çhengey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_de_linguas" title="Familia de linguas – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Familia de linguas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%AE-ne" title="Ngî-ne – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngî-ne" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="어족 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Լեզվաընտանիք – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեզվաընտանիք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भाषा-परिवार – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भाषा-परिवार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezi%C4%8Dna_porodica" title="Jezična porodica – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jezična porodica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaro" title="Linguaro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Linguaro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamilia_ti_pagsasao" title="Pamilia ti pagsasao – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pamilia ti pagsasao" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa" title="Rumpun bahasa – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familias_linguistic" title="Familias linguistic – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Familias linguistic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungum%C3%A1la%C3%A6tt" title="Tungumálaætt – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tungumálaætt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famiglia_linguistica" title="Famiglia linguistica – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Famiglia linguistica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA" title="משפחת שפות – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משפחת שפות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulawarga_basa" title="Kulawarga basa – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kulawarga basa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7" title="ಭಾಷಾ ವಂಶವೃಕ್ಷ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾಷಾ ವಂಶವೃಕ್ಷ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ენათა ოჯახები – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ენათა ოჯახები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malbata_ziman%C3%AE" title="Malbata zimanî – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Malbata zimanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_linguarum" title="Familia linguarum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Familia linguarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valodu_saime" title="Valodu saime – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valodu saime" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalb%C5%B3_%C5%A1eimos" title="Kalbų šeimos – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalbų šeimos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ACggia_lengo%C3%ACstica" title="Famìggia lengoìstica – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Famìggia lengoìstica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spraokfemielje" title="Spraokfemielje – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Spraokfemielje" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyelvcsal%C3%A1d" title="Nyelvcsalád – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyelvcsalád" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भाषा परिवार – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Јазично семејство – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јазично семејство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianakaviam-piteny" title="Fianakaviam-piteny – madagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fianakaviam-piteny" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ഭാഷാഗോത്രങ്ങൾ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭാഷാഗോത്രങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B3" title="भाषाकुळ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भाषाकुळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ნინეფიშ ფანიეფი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნინეფიშ ფანიეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga_bahasa" title="Keluarga bahasa – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keluarga bahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" title="ဘာသာစကား မိသားစု – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘာသာစကား မိသားစု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taalfamilie" title="Taalfamilie – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taalfamilie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भाषा परिवार – nepalsk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF" title="भाय् माचाछि – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भाय् माचाछि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="語族 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="語族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%AB_%DF%9E%DF%90%DF%99%DF%8D%DF%A1%DF%8A" title="ߞߊ߲߫ ߞߐߙߍߡߊ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߊ߲߫ ߞߐߙߍߡߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A4kefamiili" title="Spräkefamiili – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Spräkefamiili" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillar_oilasi" title="Tillar oilasi – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tillar oilasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="بولی ٹبر – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بولی ٹبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famia_lingw%C3%ADstiko" title="Famia lingwístiko – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Famia lingwístiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8D" title="د ژبې کورنۍ – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ژبې کورنۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famije_lengh%C3%ACstiche" title="Famije lenghìstiche – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Famije lenghìstiche" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famili_bilong_tokples" title="Famili bilong tokples – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Famili bilong tokples" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spraakfamilie" title="Spraakfamilie – lågtysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Spraakfamilie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodzina_j%C4%99zykowa" title="Rodzina językowa – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rodzina językowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_lingu%C3%ADstica" title="Família linguística – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Família linguística" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familie_de_limbi" title="Familie de limbi – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Familie de limbi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhibavipnaski_familiya" title="Chhibavipnaski familiya – valakisk romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Chhibavipnaski familiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="valakisk romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimaykunap_ayllun" title="Rimaykunap ayllun – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rimaykunap ayllun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Языкова родина – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Языкова родина" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Языковая семья – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Языковая семья" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%83" title="भाषाकुटुम्बः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भाषाकुटुम्बः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leid_faimly" title="Leid faimly – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Leid faimly" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sproakgruppe" title="Sproakgruppe – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sproakgruppe" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familjet_e_Gjuh%C3%ABve" title="Familjet e Gjuhëve – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Familjet e Gjuhëve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%88_%DA%AA%D9%BD%D9%86%D8%A8" title="ٻولي جو ڪٽنب – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٻولي جو ڪٽنب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazykov%C3%A1_rodina" title="Jazyková rodina – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jazyková rodina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8E%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خێزانی زمانەکان – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خێزانی زمانەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Језичка породица – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Језичка породица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezi%C4%8Dne_porodice_i_jezici" title="Jezične porodice i jezici – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jezične porodice i jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kielikunta" title="Kielikunta – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kielikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamilya_ng_wika" title="Pamilya ng wika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamilya ng wika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மொழிகளும், மொழிக் குடும்பங்களும் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொழிகளும், மொழிக் குடும்பங்களும்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawacult_n_tutlayin" title="Tawacult n tutlayin – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tawacult n tutlayin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="భాషా కుటుంబము – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భాషా కుటుంబము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2" title="ตระกูลภาษา – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตระกูลภาษา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Оилаи забонҳо – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Оилаи забонҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dil_ailesi" title="Dil ailesi – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dil ailesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%27%D1%8F" title="Мовна сім'я – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мовна сім'я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لسانی خاندان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لسانی خاندان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahhaeh" title="Vahhaeh – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vahhaeh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%87" title="Ngữ hệ – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ hệ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiilkund" title="Kiilkund – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kiilkund" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="语系 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="语系" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="語系 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="語系" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyey_z%C4%B1wanan" title="Keyey zıwanan – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Keyey zıwanan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taelfemieljes" title="Taelfemieljes – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Taelfemieljes" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="语言系属分类" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25295#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar"><span>Opprett ei bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsversjon av sida [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsversjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utsjånad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gøym</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Sjå også <a href="/wiki/Liste_over_spr%C3%A5kfamiliar" title="Liste over språkfamiliar">Liste over språkfamiliar</a></i></dd></dl> <p><b>Språkfamiliar</b> er grupper av <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k" title="Språk">språk</a> som ein kan visa er i slekt med kvarandre, det vil seia at dei stammar frå eit felles grunnspråk. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Korleis_språkfamiliar_oppstår"><span id="Korleis_spr.C3.A5kfamiliar_oppst.C3.A5r"></span>Korleis språkfamiliar oppstår</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Korleis språkfamiliar oppstår" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Korleis språkfamiliar oppstår"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Utviklinga av ulike språk frå eit grunnspråk kan skje via regelmessige endringar i uttalen av språklydar. I mange tilfelle lèt dette urspråket seg i stor grad rekonstruere ved samanlikning av dei enkelte språka. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Schleicher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August Schleicher (sida finst ikkje)">August Schleicher</a> utvikla stamtreteorien, og kvar språkfamilie har greiner og undergreiner. Resultatet er at ein kan dele inn språk heilt ned til dialektgrupper og dialektar om ein vil. <a href="/wiki/Isolerte_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Isolerte språk">Isolerte språk</a> er, som namnet viser, språk som ein ikkje greier å klassifisere. Vidare passar ikkje <a href="/wiki/Kreolspr%C3%A5k" title="Kreolspråk">kreolspråk</a> inn i språkfamiliane. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Å_bestemma_språkfamiliar"><span id=".C3.85_bestemma_spr.C3.A5kfamiliar"></span>Å bestemma språkfamiliar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Å bestemma språkfamiliar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Å bestemma språkfamiliar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Spraakfamiliar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Spraakfamiliar.png/350px-Spraakfamiliar.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Spraakfamiliar.png/525px-Spraakfamiliar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Spraakfamiliar.png/700px-Spraakfamiliar.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Språk i verda</figcaption></figure> <p>Den best kjende og mest studerte språkfamilien er den <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiske språk">indoeuropeiske</a>, som omfattar fleire språk sør og vest i <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> og alle språka i <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, bortsett frå <a href="/wiki/Baskisk" title="Baskisk">baskisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Uralske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Uralske språk">finsk-ugriske</a> språk som t.d. <a href="/wiki/Ungarsk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Ungarsk språk">ungarsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finsk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Finsk språk">finsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estisk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Estisk språk">estisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Samiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Samiske språk">samiske språk</a>. </p><p>Fleire av dei andre språkfamiliane er meir omdiskuterte. Dette kan vera fordi ein ikkje har godt nok forskingsmateriale om dei, eller på grunn av problem med sjølve omgrepet. Tanken om språk<i>familiar</i> kjem frå <a href="/wiki/Evolusjon" title="Evolusjon">evolusjonen</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturen (sida finst ikkje)">naturen</a>, der ein stamart gjev opphav til slekter av artar som er så ulike at dei ikkje lenger kan få avkom saman. </p><p>Språk kan derimot alltid påverka kvarandre. <a href="/wiki/Norsk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Norsk språk">Norsk</a> tek til dømes til seg stadig fleire ord frå <a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">engelsk</a>. Engelsk på si side har fått mange ord frå <a href="/wiki/Norsk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Norsk språk">norsk</a> og både <a href="/wiki/Ord" title="Ord">ord</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Setningssyntaks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Setningssyntaks (sida finst ikkje)">setningssyntaks</a> frå <a href="/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk">fransk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pidginspr%C3%A5k" title="Pidginspråk">Pidginspråk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kreol" class="mw-disambig" title="Kreol">kreolar</a> er døme på at to eller fleire heilt ulike språk kan gje opphav til eit nytt språk, som dermed ikkje kan seiast å høyra til nokon særskild språkfamilie. </p><p>Det er to skolar av språkfamilieforskarar, dei som vil <b>slå saman</b>, og dei som vil <b>splitte</b>, eller med andre ord: dei som kjem med dristige hypoteser, og dei som held seg til hypotesene dei kan stadfeste. Eit godt døme på den første skolen er <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Greenberg" title="Joseph Greenberg">Joseph Greenberg</a>, som har gjort framlegg om språkfamiliar som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amerind (sida finst ikkje)">Amerind</a> (for nesten alle dei amerikanske språka). Han meiner også at <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiske språk">indoeuropeisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyrkiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Tyrkiske språk">tyrkiske språk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Mongolske språk">mongolsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tungusiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Tungusiske språk">tungusisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koreansk" title="Koreansk">koreansk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Eskimo-aleutiske_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskimo-aleutiske språk">eskimo-aleutiske språk</a> er i slekt. Dei som vil splitte peiker på at Greenberg kan ha rett, men at det framleis står att å vise at dei er i slekt. Stridsspørsmålet er med andre ord om vi skal vente til vi har klart å rekonstruere eit felles urspråk før vi slår fast at språk er i slekt med kvarandre. </p><p>Det viktigaste kriteriet på språkslektskap er leksikalsk likskap, eller snarare systematisk leksikalsk ulikskap. Kva vi kallar konsepta vi vil snakke om er arbitrært, og har vi leksikalsk likskap ut over kva som kan vere tilfeldig, er det enten lån eller genetisk slektskap. Mykje av den genetiske språkforskinga går med til å skilje lånord frå felles arveord. Språk skal også grupperast familievis. Spørsmålet er altså ikkje om tyrkisk og ungarsk er i slekt, men om dei tyrkiske og uralske urspråka er det. Før ein kan sjå etter leksikalsk likskap må ein altså rekonstruere dei urspråka ein skal samanlikne. Eit anna kriterium er grammatisk likskap. Språk som er i slekt vil ofte vere grammatisk like, og det er dermed fristande å dra slutninga den andre vegen også. Men i og med at grammatisk variasjon i verdas språk er relativt avgrensa, kan vi ha grammatisk likskap mellom språk som ikkje er i slekt. <a href="/wiki/Tyrkisk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrkisk språk">Tyrkisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Quechua" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua">quechua</a> har t.d. mange grammatiske fellestrekk, men er ikkje i slekt. Nabospråk som ikkje er i slekt, kan konvergere, slik som når den finitte verbbøyinga i <a href="/wiki/Finsk" title="Finsk">finsk</a> har vorte lik verbbøyinga i dei germanske nabospråka, og dermed skil seg frå uralske språk i aust. Problemet med teoriane til «samanslåarane» er at dei ofte baserer seg på grammatisk likskap, og at dei ikkje rekonstruerer urspråk for dei språkfamiliane dei vil slå saman. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sikre_språkfamiliar"><span id="Sikre_spr.C3.A5kfamiliar"></span>Sikre språkfamiliar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Sikre språkfamiliar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sikre språkfamiliar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lista over språkfamiliar i tabellen under er sortert etter kor mange morsmålsbrukarar kvar språkgruppe har. </p> <table border="1" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#ddccbb">Språkfamilie</td> <td bgcolor="#ddccbb">Verdsdel </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiske språk">Indoeuropeiske språk</a> (~48 % av menneskeslekta) </td> <td>Asia, Europa, Afrika, Amerika og Oseania </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinotibetanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Sinotibetanske språk">Sinotibetanske språk</a> (~23 %)</td> <td>Asia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kongo-kordofanske_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongo-kordofanske språk">Kongo-kordofanske språk</a> (~10 %)</td> <td>Afrika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Afroasiatiske språk">Afroasiatiske språk</a> (~5 %)</td> <td>Afrika og Asia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austronesiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Austronesiske språk">Austronesiske språk</a> (~3 %)</td> <td>Oseania, Asia og Afrika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dravidiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Dravidiske språk">Dravidiske språk</a> (~3 %)</td> <td>Asia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tyrkiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Tyrkiske språk">Tyrkiske språk</a> (~2,5 %)</td> <td>Asia, Europa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japansk-ryukyu-spr%C3%A5k" title="Japansk-ryukyu-språk">Japansk-ryukyu-språk</a> (2 %)</td> <td>Asia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Koreansk" title="Koreansk">Koreansk</a>* (1,1 %)</td> <td>Asia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uralske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Uralske språk">Uralske språk</a> (~0,4 %)</td> <td>Europa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nilotiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Nilotiske språk">Nilotiske språk</a> (~0,12 %)</td> <td>Afrika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quechua-spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua-språk">Quechua-språk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quechua" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua">quechua</a> ~0,12 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Mongolske språk">Mongolske språk</a> (~0,1 %)</td> <td>Asia og Europa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tup%C3%AD-guaran%C3%AD-spr%C3%A5k" title="Tupí-guaraní-språk">Tupí-guaraní-språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kartvelske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kartvelske språk">Kartvelske språk</a> (sørkaukasiske språk) (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Asia og Europa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dagestanske_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagestanske språk">Dagestanske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Asia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nachiske_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nachiske språk (sida finst ikkje)">Nachiske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkasiske-adygeiske_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abkasiske-adygeiske språk (sida finst ikkje)">Abkasiske-adygeiske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Asia og Europa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mayaspr%C3%A5k" title="Mayaspråk">Mayaspråk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uto-aztekiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Uto-aztekiske språk">Uto-aztekiske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Na-den%C3%A9-spr%C3%A5k" title="Na-dené-språk">Na-dené-språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khoisan-spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoisan-språk">Khoisan-språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Afrika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tungusiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Tungusiske språk">Tungusiske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Asia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Algiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Algiske språk">Algiske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Salishanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Salishanske språk">Salishanske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakash-spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakash-språk (sida finst ikkje)">Wakash-språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muskogeanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Muskogeanske språk">Muskogeanske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sioux-catawbanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Sioux-catawbanske språk">Sioux-catawbanske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irokesiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Irokesiske språk">Irokesiske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caddoanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Caddoanske språk">Caddoanske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoka-spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoka-språk (sida finst ikkje)">Hoka-språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penuti-spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penuti-språk (sida finst ikkje)">Penuti-språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mixe-zoqueanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Mixe-zoqueanske språk">Mixe-zoqueanske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Totonakiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Totonakiske språk">Totonakiske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiowa-tanoanske_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiowa-tanoanske språk (sida finst ikkje)">Kiowa-tanoanske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Otomangueanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Otomangueanske språk">Otomangueanske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Misumalpan-spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misumalpan-språk (sida finst ikkje)">Misumalpan-språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chibcha-spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chibcha-språk (sida finst ikkje)">Chibcha-språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge-spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge-språk (sida finst ikkje)">Ge-språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaibiske_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaibiske språk (sida finst ikkje)">Karaibiske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mataco-guaicuru-spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mataco-guaicuru-språk (sida finst ikkje)">Mataco-guaicuru-språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arawak-spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Arawak-språk">Arawak-språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Araukaniske_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Araukaniske språk (sida finst ikkje)">Araukaniske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eskimo-aleutiske_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskimo-aleutiske språk">Eskimo-aleutiske språk</a> (<0,1 %)</td> <td>Amerika, Europa </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>*<a href="/wiki/Koreansk" title="Koreansk">Koreansk</a> blir brukt av om lag 1,1 %. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gordon, R.G. (Red.), <i>Ethnologue: Languages of the world</i>, 15, utg., SIL International, 2005.</li> <li>Lombard, A., <i>Alle jordens språk</i>, Pax Forlag AS, 1996.</li></ul> <hr />    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Henta frå «<a dir="ltr" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Språkfamiliar&oldid=3138316">https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Språkfamiliar&oldid=3138316</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kategoriar" title="Kategori:Kategoriar">Kategoriar</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Språk">Språk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5kfamiliar" title="Kategori:Språkfamiliar">Språkfamiliar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lingvistikk" title="Kategori:Lingvistikk">Lingvistikk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lister_over_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Lister over språk">Lister over språk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne sida vart sist endra den 18. mai 2019 kl. 17:24.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">All tekst er tilgjengeleg under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no">Creative Commons-lisensen Namngjeving/Del på same vilkåra</a>. 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