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id="toc-Abduction_stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abduction_stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Abduction stories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abduction_stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_in_popular_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_in_popular_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Life in popular tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_in_popular_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern culture</span> </div> </a> <button 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guinevere</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="غوينيفير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوينيفير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Guinevere" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Гуиневир – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гуиневир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenivar" title="Gwenivar – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwenivar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reina_Ginebra" title="Reina Ginebra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reina Ginebra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Guinevere" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenhwyfar" title="Gwenhwyfar – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwenhwyfar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guinevere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere_(Artussage)" title="Guinevere (Artussage) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guinevere (Artussage)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%81" title="Γκουίνεβιρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκουίνεβιρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginebra_(reina)" title="Ginebra (reina) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ginebra (reina)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C4%9Dino_Ginevra" title="Reĝino Ginevra – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reĝino Ginevra" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginebra_(erregina)" title="Ginebra (erregina) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ginebra (erregina)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="گوئینویر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوئینویر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gueni%C3%A8vre" title="Guenièvre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guenièvre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenevra_(ra%C3%AD%C3%B1a)" title="Xenevra (raíña) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xenevra (raíña)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%80%EB%84%A4%EB%B9%84%EC%96%B4" title="귀네비어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="귀네비어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%87%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Գվինևրա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գվինևրա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginevra_(ciclo_arturiano)" title="Ginevra (ciclo arturiano) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ginevra (ciclo arturiano)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8" title="גווינביר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גווינביר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guenevera_(regina)" title="Guenevera (regina) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Guenevera (regina)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гиневра – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гиневра" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A" title="ဂဝိဏေဝိယ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂဝိဏေဝိယ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere_(personage)" title="Guinevere (personage) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guinevere (personage)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" title="グィネヴィア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グィネヴィア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guinevere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guin%C3%A8vre" title="Guinèvre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Guinèvre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goni%C3%A8ve" title="Goniève – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Goniève" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginewra" title="Ginewra – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ginewra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genebra_(rainha)" title="Genebra (rainha) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Genebra (rainha)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guinevere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гвиневра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гвиневра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guinevere" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гиневра – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гиневра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Guinevere" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Guinevere" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guenever" title="Guenever – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guenever" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กวินิเวียร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กวินิเวียร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guinevere" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ґвіневера – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґвіневера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Guinevere" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E5%A6%AE%E8%96%87%E5%84%BF" title="桂妮薇儿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="桂妮薇儿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Guinevere_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Guinevere (disambiguation)">Guinevere (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fictional character</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394594">.mw-parser-output .ib-character{border-spacing:2px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background-color:#DEDEE2}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-character"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above notheme">Guinevere</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></i> character</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Guinevere_by_James_Archer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Queen_Guinevere_by_James_Archer.jpg/220px-Queen_Guinevere_by_James_Archer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="439" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Queen_Guinevere_by_James_Archer.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Guinevere watching the mortally wounded Arthur being sailed off to <a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a> in <i>Queen Guinevere</i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Archer_(artist)" title="James Archer (artist)">James Archer</a> (c. 1860)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">In-universe information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princess" title="Princess">Princess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">Queen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mother_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother Superior">Mother Superior</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/High_Queen" class="mw-redirect" title="High Queen">High Queen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Britain</a> <br /> Later tradition: Queen of <a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a> and Britain (or <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>), convent head</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King_Leodegrance" title="King Leodegrance">King Leodegrance</a> (father), <a href="/wiki/Gwenhwyfach" title="Gwenhwyfach">Gwenhwyfach</a> (sister)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthur</a>, occasionally also <a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Significant <span class="nowrap">other</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Varied, including either <a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a>, Mordred or <a href="/wiki/Edern_ap_Nudd" title="Edern ap Nudd">Yder</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Usually none, occasionally <a href="/wiki/Lohot" class="mw-redirect" title="Lohot">a son with Arthur</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mordred#Offspring" title="Mordred">children with Mordred</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data">Varied, including <a href="/wiki/Guiomar_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Guiomar (Arthurian legend)">a cousin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Christian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Home</th><td class="infobox-data">Malory version: <a href="/wiki/Cameliard" title="Cameliard">Cameliard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amesbury_Priory" title="Amesbury Priory">Amesbury Priory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">British</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Guinevere</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1d\/Guenevere.wav\/Guenevere.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Guenevere.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Guenevere.wav/Guenevere.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Guenevere.wav" title="File:Guenevere.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GWIN</span>-iv-eer</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy"><b>Gwenhwyfar</b></i> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/19\/Gwenhwyfar.wav\/Gwenhwyfar.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"pronunciation"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Gwenhwyfar.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/Gwenhwyfar.wav/Gwenhwyfar.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">pronunciation</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Gwenhwyfar.wav" title="File:Gwenhwyfar.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>: <i lang="br"><b>Gwenivar</b></i>, <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a>: <i lang="kw"><b>Gwynnever</b></i>), also often written in Modern English as <b>Guenevere</b> or <b>Guenever</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was, according to <a href="/wiki/Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthurian legend">Arthurian legend</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">early-medieval</a> queen of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and the wife of <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>. First mentioned in literature in the early 12th century, nearly 700 years after the purported times of Arthur, Guinevere has since been portrayed as everything from a fatally flawed, villainous, and opportunistic traitor to a noble and virtuous lady. The variably told motif of abduction of Guinevere, or of her being rescued from some other peril, features recurrently and prominently in many versions of the legend. </p><p>The earliest datable appearance of Guinevere is in <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>'s pseudo-historical British chronicle <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i>, in which she is seduced by <a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a> during his ill-fated rebellion against Arthur. In a later medieval Arthurian <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_romance" title="Chivalric romance">romance</a> tradition from France, a major story arc is the queen's tragic love affair with her husband's chief knight and trusted friend, <a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a>, indirectly causing the death of Arthur and the downfall of the kingdom. This concept had originally appeared in nascent form in <a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a>'s poem <i><a href="/wiki/Lancelot,_the_Knight_of_the_Cart" title="Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart">Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart</a></i> prior to its vast expansion in the prose cycle <i><a href="/wiki/Lancelot-Grail" title="Lancelot-Grail">Lancelot-Grail</a></i>, consequently forming much of the narrative core of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">Thomas Malory</a>'s seminal English compilation <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a></i>. Other themes found in Malory and other texts include Guinevere's usual barrenness, the scheme of Guinevere's evil twin to replace her, and the particular hostility displayed towards Guinevere by her sister-in-law <a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan</a>. </p><p>Guinevere has continued to be a popular character featured in numerous adaptations of the legend since the 19th-century Arthurian revival. Many modern authors, usually following or inspired by Malory's telling, typically still show Guinevere in her illicit relationship with Lancelot as defining her character. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guinevereford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Guinevereford.jpg/170px-Guinevereford.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Guinevereford.jpg/255px-Guinevereford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Guinevereford.jpg/340px-Guinevereford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption><i>Guinevere</i> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Justice_Ford" title="Henry Justice Ford">Henry Justice Ford</a> (c. 1910)</figcaption></figure> <p>The original <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> form of the name is <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Gwenhwyfar</i></span> (also <i>Guenhuibhar</i>, <i>Gwenhwyvar</i>), which seems to be cognate with the Irish name <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Findabar" class="mw-redirect" title="Findabar">Findabar</a></i></span> (the name of the daughter of Queen <a href="/wiki/Medb" title="Medb">Medb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ailill_mac_M%C3%A1ta" title="Ailill mac Máta">Ailill mac Máta</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Cycle" title="Ulster Cycle">Ulster Cycle</a>); Gwenhwyfar can be translated as "The White Fay/Ghost", from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Proto-Celtic</a> <i>*Windo-</i> "white" + <i>*sēbro</i> "phantom" (cognate with <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a> <i>síabar</i> "a spectre, phantom, supernatural being [usually in pejorative sense]").<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have suggested that the name may derive from <i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Gwenhwy-fawr</i></span></i>, or "Gwenhwy the Great", as a contrast to <i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Gwenhwy-fach</i></span></i>, or "Gwenhwy the less". <a href="/wiki/Gwenhwyfach" title="Gwenhwyfach">Gwenhwyfach</a> (also spelled <i>Gwenhwyach</i>) appears in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature" title="Welsh literature">Welsh literature</a> as a sister of Gwenhwyfar, but Welsh scholars Melville Richards and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bromwich" title="Rachel Bromwich">Rachel Bromwich</a> both dismiss this etymology (with Richards suggesting that Gwenhwyfach was a back-formation derived from an incorrect interpretation of <i>Gwenwhy-far</i> as <i>Gwenhwy-fawr</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A cognate name in <a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a> is <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_(given_name)" title="Jennifer (given name)">Jennifer</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The name is given as <i><b>Guennuuar</b></i> (<i>Guennuvar</i>) in an early Latin text <i>Vita Gildae</i>. <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a> rendered it in a Latinized form as <b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Guenhuuara</i></span></b> (<i>Guenhuvara</i> – but some manuscripts and thus modern editions also spell it with an M as in <b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Guenhumara</i></span></b> or <i>Ganhumara</i>, possibly stemming from scribal error confusing "uu/uv" for "um") in his <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i>, further turned into <i><b>Wenhauer</b></i> (<i>Wenhaiuer</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Layamon" title="Layamon">Layamon</a> (<i><b>Gwenayfer</b></i> in one manuscript) and into both <i><b>Genoivre</b></i> and <i><b>Gahunmare</b></i> in <a href="/wiki/Wace" title="Wace">Wace</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i>. Chronicler <a href="/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales" title="Gerald of Wales">Gerald of Wales</a> refers to her as <b><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Wenneuereia</i></span></b> (<i>Wenneveria</i>) and the popular romancer <a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a> calls her <i><b>Guenievre</b></i> (<i>Guenièvre</i>). The latter form was retained by the authors of Chrétien-influenced French prose cycles, who would use also its variants such as <i><b>Genievre</b></i> (<i>Genièvre</i>) or <i><b>Gueneure</b></i>. Her many other various names appearing through the different periods and regions of medieval Europe include both <i><b>Gaynour</b></i> and <i><b>Waynour</b></i> (<i>Waynor[e]</i>) in the English poems <a href="/wiki/Alliterative_Morte_Arthure" title="Alliterative Morte Arthure">Alliterative <i>Morte Arthure</i></a> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Awntyrs_off_Arthure" title="The Awntyrs off Arthure">The Awntyrs off Arthure</a></i>, <i><b>Genure</b></i> (<i>Gaynor</i>) in the <a href="/wiki/Stanzaic_Morte_Arthur" title="Stanzaic Morte Arthur">Stanzaic <i>Morte Arthur</i></a>, <i><b>Guenloie</b></i> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Romanz_du_reis_Yder" title="Romanz du reis Yder">Romanz du reis Yder</a></i>, <i><b>Guenore</b></i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gawayn_and_%C3%BEe_Grene_Kny%C8%9Dt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt">Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt</a></i>, <i><b>Gwenvere</b></i> (<i>Guennevere</i>, <i>Guenera</i>, <i>Gwenner</i>) in the <i><a href="/wiki/Polychronicon" class="mw-redirect" title="Polychronicon">Polychronicon</a></i>, and <i><b>Gwendoloena</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Gwendolen" title="Gwendolen">Gwendolen</a>) in <i><a href="/wiki/De_Ortu_Waluuanii" title="De Ortu Waluuanii">De Ortu Waluuanii</a></i>. Her name is invariably <i><b>Ginover</b></i> (<i>Ginovere</i>) in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle German</a> romances by <a href="/wiki/Hartmann_von_Aue" title="Hartmann von Aue">Hartmann von Aue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_von_Zatzikhoven" title="Ulrich von Zatzikhoven">Ulrich von Zatzikhoven</a> but was written <i><b>Jenover</b></i> by <a href="/wiki/Der_Pleier" title="Der Pleier">Der Pleier</a>, and the audience of Italian romances got to know her as <i><b><a href="/wiki/Ginevra_(given_name)" title="Ginevra (given name)">Ginevra</a></b></i> (<i>Zenevra</i>, <i>Zenibra</i>). In the 15th-century Britain, she was called <i><b>Gwynnever</b></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Cornish" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Cornish">Middle Cornish</a> play <i><a href="/wiki/Bewnans_Ke" title="Bewnans Ke">Bewnans Ke</a></i>, while the <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> author <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">Thomas Malory</a> originally wrote her name as <i><b>Gwenever</b></i> or <i><b>Gwenivere</b></i> (<i>Guenever</i>, <i>Guenivere</i>) in his seminal compilation <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some assorted other forms of her name in the Middle Ages and Renaissance literature of various countries and languages have included <i><b>Ganor</b></i>, <i><b>Ganora</b></i>, <i><b>Gainor</b></i>, <i><b>Gainovere</b></i>, <i><b>Geneura</b></i>, <i><b>Guanora</b></i>, <i><b>Gueneour</b></i>, <i><b>Guenevera</b></i>, <i><b>Gwenore</b></i>, <i><b>Gwinore</b></i>, <i><b>Ntzenebra</b></i>, <i><b>Vanour</b></i>, <i><b>Vanore</b></i> (<i>Wanore</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medieval_literature">Medieval literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Medieval literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_relations">Family relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur-Pyle_The_Lady_Guinevere.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arthur-Pyle_The_Lady_Guinevere.JPG/250px-Arthur-Pyle_The_Lady_Guinevere.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arthur-Pyle_The_Lady_Guinevere.JPG/330px-Arthur-Pyle_The_Lady_Guinevere.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arthur-Pyle_The_Lady_Guinevere.JPG/500px-Arthur-Pyle_The_Lady_Guinevere.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="1480" /></a><figcaption><i>Lady Guinevere</i>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Pyle" title="Howard Pyle">Howard Pyle</a>'s illustration for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_King_Arthur_and_His_Knights" title="The Story of King Arthur and His Knights">The Story of King Arthur and His Knights</a></i> (1903)</figcaption></figure> <p>In one of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Triads" title="Welsh Triads">Welsh Triads</a> (<i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Trioedd Ynys Prydein</i></span></i>, no. 56), the 13th-century series of texts based on the earlier oral tales of the bards of Wales, there are three Gwenhwyfars married to <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>. The first is the daughter of Cywryd of Gwent, the second of <a href="/wiki/Gwythyr_ap_Greidawl" title="Gwythyr ap Greidawl">Gwythyr ap Greidawl</a> (a supernatural figure), and the third of (G)ogrfan Gawr ("the Giant").<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a variant of another Welsh Triad (<i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Trioedd Ynys Prydein</i></span></i>, no. 54), only the daughter of Gogfran Gawr is mentioned. There was once a popular folk rhyme known in Wales concerning Gwenhwyfar: "<i>Gwenhwyfar ferch Ogrfan Gawr / Drwg yn fechan, gwaeth yn fawr</i> (Gwenhwyfar, daughter of Ogrfan Gawr / Bad when little, worse when great)."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An echo of the giantess-Guinevere tradition appears in a local legend regarding the Queen's Crag boulder at <a href="/wiki/Simonburn" title="Simonburn">Simonburn</a> in England.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest datable mention of Guinevere (as Guenhuvara, with numerous spelling variations in the surviving manuscripts) is in Geoffrey's <i>Historia</i>, written c. 1136. It relates that Guinevere, described as one of the great beauties of Britain, was educated under <a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Cornwall" title="Duke of Cornwall">Duke of Cornwall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other chronicles typically have Cador as her guardian and sometimes relative. According to Wace, who calls Cador an <a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">earl</a>, Guinevere was descended from a <a href="/wiki/Equites" title="Equites">noble Roman family</a> on her mother's side; Layamon too describes her as of Roman descent, as well as being related to Cador.<sup id="cite_ref-kac_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kac-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much later English chroniclers, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray">Thomas Gray</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Scalacronica" title="Scalacronica">Scalacronica</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/John_Stow" title="John Stow">John Stow</a> in <i>The Chronicles of England</i>, both identify Cador as her cousin and an unnamed King of <a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a> (the historical Basque country) as her father.<sup id="cite_ref-kac_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kac-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Welsh tradition remembers the queen's sister <a href="/wiki/Gwenhwyfach" title="Gwenhwyfach">Gwenhwyfach</a> and records the enmity between them. Two Triads (<i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Trioedd Ynys Prydein</i></span></i>, no. 53, 84) mention Gwenhwyfar's contention with her sister, which was believed to be the cause of the disastrous <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a>. In the Welsh prose <i><a href="/wiki/Culhwch_and_Olwen" title="Culhwch and Olwen">Culhwch and Olwen</a></i> (possibly the first known text featuring Guinevere if indeed correctly dated c. 1100<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Gwenhwyfach is also mentioned alongside Gwenhwyfar, the latter appearing as Guinevere's evil twin in some later prose romances. German romance <i><a href="/wiki/Diu_Cr%C3%B4ne" title="Diu Crône">Diu Crône</a></i> gives Guinevere two other sisters by their father, King Garlin of Gore: <a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a>'s love interest Flori and Queen Lenomie of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>. </p><p>Guinevere is childless in most stories.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The few exceptions to that include Arthur's son named Loholt or Ilinot in <i><a href="/wiki/Perlesvaus" title="Perlesvaus">Perlesvaus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Parzival" title="Parzival">Parzival</a></i> (first mentioned in <i><a href="/wiki/Erec_and_Enide" title="Erec and Enide">Erec and Enide</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Alliterative <i>Morte Arthure</i>, Guinevere willingly becomes <a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a>'s consort and bears him two sons, although the dying Arthur commands her and Mordred's infant children to be secretly killed and their bodies tossed into the sea (Guinevere herself, who unlike Mordred seems to show little care for the safety of their children,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is spared and forgiven by Arthur). There are mentions of Arthur's sons in the Welsh Triads, though their exact parentage is not clear. The possibly medieval tale of <i><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_and_King_Cornwall" title="King Arthur and King Cornwall">King Arthur and King Cornwall</a></i> has the latter having a daughter with Guinevere. Besides the issue of her biological children, or lack thereof, Guinevere also raises the illegitimate daughter of <a href="/wiki/Sagramore" title="Sagramore">Sagramore</a> and Senehaut in the <i><a href="/wiki/Lancelot-Grail" title="Lancelot-Grail">Livre d'Artus</a></i>. </p><p>Other relations are equally obscure. A half-sister and a brother named Gotegin play the antagonistic roles in the Vulgate Cycle (<i><a href="/wiki/Lancelot%E2%80%93Grail" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancelot–Grail">Lancelot–Grail</a></i>) and <i>Diu Crône</i> respectively, but neither character is mentioned elsewhere (besides the Vulgate-inspired tradition). While later romances almost always named King <a href="/wiki/Leodegrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Leodegrance">Leodegrance</a> as Guinevere's father, her mother was usually unmentioned, although she was sometimes said to be dead (this is the case in the Middle English romance <i><a href="/wiki/The_Awntyrs_off_Arthure" title="The Awntyrs off Arthure">The Adventures of Arthur</a></i>, in which the ghost of Guinevere's mother appears to her and Gawain in <a href="/wiki/Inglewood_Forest" title="Inglewood Forest">Inglewood Forest</a>). Some works name cousins of note, though these too do not usually appear more than once. One of such cousins is <a href="/wiki/Guiomar_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Guiomar (Arthurian legend)">Guiomar</a>, an early lover of Arthur's half-sister <a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan</a> in several French romances; other cousins of Guinevere include her confidante Elyzabel (Elibel) and Morgan's knight Carrant (or Garaunt,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> apparently <a href="/wiki/Geraint" title="Geraint">Geraint</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In <i>Perlesvaus</i>, after the death of Guinevere, her relative King Madaglan(s) d'Oriande is a major villain who invades Arthur's lands, trying to force him to abandon Christianity and to marry his sister, Queen Jandree.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/Perceforest" title="Perceforest">Perceforest</a></i>, the different daughters of Lyonnel of Glat (the greatest knight of the ancient Britain) and Queen Blanche of the Forest of Marvels (also known as Blanchete, daughter of the Maimed King and the Fairy Queen) are distant ancestors of both Guinevere and <a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a>, as well of as <a href="/wiki/Tristan" title="Tristan">Tristan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portrayals">Portrayals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Portrayals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guinevere_Takes_Refuge_in_a_Convent.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Guinevere_Takes_Refuge_in_a_Convent.png/250px-Guinevere_Takes_Refuge_in_a_Convent.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Guinevere_Takes_Refuge_in_a_Convent.png/255px-Guinevere_Takes_Refuge_in_a_Convent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Guinevere_Takes_Refuge_in_a_Convent.png 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption><i>Guinevere Takes Refuge in a Convent</i>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_H._Garrett" title="Edmund H. Garrett">Edmund H. Garrett</a>'s illustration for <i>Legends of King Arthur and His Court</i> (1911)</figcaption></figure> <p>In Geoffrey's <i>Historia</i>, Arthur leaves her as a <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the care of his nephew Modredus (Mordred) when he crosses over to Europe to go to war with the Roman leader <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius Tiberius</a>. While her husband is absent, Guinevere is seduced by Modredus and marries him, and Modredus declares himself king and takes Arthur's throne. Consequently, Arthur returns to Britain and fights Modredus at the fatal Battle of Camlann.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i> (<i>Geste des Bretons</i>) makes Mordred's love for Guinevere the very motive of his rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early texts tend to portray her inauspiciously or hardly at all. One of them is <i>Culhwch and Olwen</i>, in which she is mentioned as Arthur's wife Gwenhwyfar and listed among his most prized possessions,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but little more is said about her.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can not be securely dated; one recent assessment of the language by linguist Simon Rodway places it in the second half of the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The works of Chrétien de Troyes were some of the first to elaborate on the character Guinevere beyond simply the wife of Arthur. This was likely due to Chrétien's audience at the time, the court of <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_France,_Countess_of_Champagne" title="Marie of France, Countess of Champagne">Marie, Countess of Champagne</a>, which was composed of courtly ladies who played highly social roles.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guinevere_with_Enid_and_Vivien.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Guinevere_with_Enid_and_Vivien.png/220px-Guinevere_with_Enid_and_Vivien.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Guinevere_with_Enid_and_Vivien.png/330px-Guinevere_with_Enid_and_Vivien.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Guinevere_with_Enid_and_Vivien.png/440px-Guinevere_with_Enid_and_Vivien.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="363" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Guinevere with <a href="/wiki/Enide" title="Enide">Enid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake" title="Lady of the Lake">Vivien</a> by George and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Rhead" title="Louis Rhead">Louis Rhead</a> (1898)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Morris_Guinevere_and_Iseult_-_cartoon_for_stained_glass_1862.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/William_Morris_Guinevere_and_Iseult_-_cartoon_for_stained_glass_1862.jpg/250px-William_Morris_Guinevere_and_Iseult_-_cartoon_for_stained_glass_1862.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/William_Morris_Guinevere_and_Iseult_-_cartoon_for_stained_glass_1862.jpg/330px-William_Morris_Guinevere_and_Iseult_-_cartoon_for_stained_glass_1862.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/William_Morris_Guinevere_and_Iseult_-_cartoon_for_stained_glass_1862.jpg/440px-William_Morris_Guinevere_and_Iseult_-_cartoon_for_stained_glass_1862.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Guinevere and <a href="/wiki/Iseult" title="Iseult">Iseult</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a> (1862)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Later authors use her good and bad qualities to construct a deeper character who plays a larger role in the stories. In Chrétien's <i><a href="/wiki/Yvain,_the_Knight_of_the_Lion" title="Yvain, the Knight of the Lion">Yvain, the Knight of the Lion</a></i>, for instance, she is praised for her intelligence, friendliness, and gentility. On the other hand, in <a href="/wiki/Marie_de_France" title="Marie de France">Marie de France</a>'s probably late-12th-century <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman</a> poem <i><a href="/wiki/Lanval" title="Lanval">Lanval</a></i> (and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chestre" title="Thomas Chestre">Thomas Chestre</a>'s later <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> version, <i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Launfal" title="Sir Launfal">Sir Launfal</a></i>), Guinevere is a viciously vindictive <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adulteress</a> and temptress who plots the titular protagonist's death after failing to seduce him. She ends up punished when she is magically blinded by his secret true love from <a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a>, the fairy princess Lady Tryamour (identified by some as the figure of Morgan<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Guinevere herself wields magical powers in <i><a href="/wiki/De_Ortu_Waluuanii" title="De Ortu Waluuanii">The Rise of Gawain, Nephew of Arthur</a></i>. The Alliterative <i>Morte Arthure</i> has Guinevere commit the greatest treason<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by giving Arthur's sword kept in her possession to her lover Mordred in order to be used against her husband. Throughout most of Malory's <i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i>, a late-medieval compilation highly influential for a common perception of Guinevere and many other characters today, she figures as "a conventional lady of [chivalric] romance, imperious, jealous, and demanding, with an occasional trait such as the sense of humor," until she acquires more depth and undergoes major changes to her character at the end of the book, arguably (in the words of <a href="/wiki/Derek_Brewer" title="Derek Brewer">Derek Brewer</a>), becoming "the most fascinating, exasperating, and human of all medieval heroines."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such varied tellings may be radically different in not just their depictions of Guinevere but also the manners of her demise. In the Italian 15th-century romance <i><a href="/wiki/La_Tavola_Ritonda" title="La Tavola Ritonda">La Tavola Ritonda</a></i>, Guinevere drops dead from grief upon learning of her husband's fate after Lancelot rescues her from the siege by Arthur's slayer Mordred. In <i>Perlesvaus</i>, it is <a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Kay</a>'s murder of her son Loholt that causes Guinevere to die of anguish; she is then buried in Avalon, together with her son's severed head. Alternatively, in what Arthurian scholars <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ashe" title="Geoffrey Ashe">Geoffrey Ashe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norris_J._Lacy" title="Norris J. Lacy">Norris J. Lacy</a> call one of "strange episodes"<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <i>Ly Myreur des Histors</i>, a romanticized historical/legendary work by Belgian author <a href="/wiki/Jean_d%27Outremeuse" title="Jean d'Outremeuse">Jean d'Outremeuse</a>, Guinevere is a wicked queen who rules with the victorious Mordred until she is killed by Lancelot, here the last of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knights of the Round Table</a>; her corpse is then entombed with the captured Mordred who eats it before starving to death. <a href="/wiki/Layamon%27s_Brut" title="Layamon's Brut">Layamon's <i>Brut</i></a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1200</span>) features a prophetic dream sequence in which Arthur himself hacks Guinevere to pieces after beheading Mordred.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, the bones of Guinevere were claimed to have been found buried alongside those of Arthur during the exhumation of their purported graves by the monks of <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Abbey" title="Glastonbury Abbey">Glastonbury Abbey</a> in 1091.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abduction_stories">Abduction stories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Abduction stories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambito_di_wiligelmo,_porta_della_pescheria,_02_ciclo_di_art%C3%B9_03,1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambito_di_wiligelmo%2C_porta_della_pescheria%2C_02_ciclo_di_art%C3%B9_03%2C1.jpg/250px-Ambito_di_wiligelmo%2C_porta_della_pescheria%2C_02_ciclo_di_art%C3%B9_03%2C1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambito_di_wiligelmo%2C_porta_della_pescheria%2C_02_ciclo_di_art%C3%B9_03%2C1.jpg/330px-Ambito_di_wiligelmo%2C_porta_della_pescheria%2C_02_ciclo_di_art%C3%B9_03%2C1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambito_di_wiligelmo%2C_porta_della_pescheria%2C_02_ciclo_di_art%C3%B9_03%2C1.jpg/500px-Ambito_di_wiligelmo%2C_porta_della_pescheria%2C_02_ciclo_di_art%C3%B9_03%2C1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="943" /></a><figcaption>"Winlogee" depicted on the Italian <a href="/wiki/Modena_Cathedral" title="Modena Cathedral">Modena Archivolt</a> (c. 1120–1240)</figcaption></figure> <p>A major and long-running Arthurian story trope features Guinevere being kidnapped and then tells of her rescue by either her husband or her lover. Welsh cleric and author <a href="/wiki/Caradoc_of_Llancarfan" title="Caradoc of Llancarfan">Caradoc of Llancarfan</a>, who wrote his <i><a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">Life of Gildas</a></i> sometime between 1130 and 1150,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recounts her being taken and raped (<i>violatam et raptam</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Maleagant" title="Maleagant">Melwas</a>, king of the "Summer Country" (<i>Aestiva Regio</i>, perhaps meaning <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>), and held prisoner at his stronghold at <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury" title="Glastonbury">Glastonbury</a>. The story states that Arthur (depicted there as a tyrannical ruler) spent a year searching for her and assembling an army to storm Melwas' fort when Gildas negotiates a peaceful resolution and reunites husband and wife.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The episode seems to be related to an <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a> abduction motif called the <span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga">aithed</i></span> in which a mysterious stranger kidnaps a married woman and takes her to his home; the husband of the woman then rescues her against insurmountable odds.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A seemingly related account was carved into the <a href="/wiki/Modena_Cathedral#Archivolt" title="Modena Cathedral">archivolt of Modena Cathedral</a> in Italy, which most likely predates that telling (as well as any other known written account of Guinevere in Arthurian legend). Here, Artus de Bretania and Isdernus approach a tower in which Mardoc is holding <b>Winlogee</b>, while on the other side Carrado (most likely Caradoc) fights Galvagin (Gawain) as the knights Galvariun and Che (Kay) approach. Isdernus is most certainly an incarnation of Yder (<a href="/wiki/Edern_ap_Nudd" title="Edern ap Nudd">Edern ap Nudd</a>), a Celtic hero whose name appears in <i>Culhwch and Olwen</i>. Yeder is actually Guinevere's lover in a nearly-forgotten tradition mentioned in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9roul" title="Béroul">Béroul</a>'s 12th-century <i>Tristan</i>. This is reflected in the later <i><a href="/wiki/Romanz_du_reis_Yder" title="Romanz du reis Yder">Romance of King Yder</a></i>, where his lover is Queen Guenloie of Carvain (possibly <a href="/wiki/Caerwent" title="Caerwent">Caerwent</a> in Wales<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ritter-und-Dame_(Sir_Lancelot_und_Guinevere)_Wilhelm_List_52x35cm.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ritter-und-Dame_%28Sir_Lancelot_und_Guinevere%29_Wilhelm_List_52x35cm.png/250px-Ritter-und-Dame_%28Sir_Lancelot_und_Guinevere%29_Wilhelm_List_52x35cm.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ritter-und-Dame_%28Sir_Lancelot_und_Guinevere%29_Wilhelm_List_52x35cm.png/330px-Ritter-und-Dame_%28Sir_Lancelot_und_Guinevere%29_Wilhelm_List_52x35cm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ritter-und-Dame_%28Sir_Lancelot_und_Guinevere%29_Wilhelm_List_52x35cm.png/500px-Ritter-und-Dame_%28Sir_Lancelot_und_Guinevere%29_Wilhelm_List_52x35cm.png 2x" data-file-width="2719" data-file-height="3976" /></a><figcaption><i>Ritter und Dame (Sir Lancelot und Guinevere)</i> by Wilhelm List (c. 1902)</figcaption></figure> <p>Chrétien de Troyes tells another version of Guinevere's abduction, this time by Meliagant (<a href="/wiki/Maleagant" title="Maleagant">Maleagant</a>, derived from Melwas) in the 12th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Lancelot,_the_Knight_of_the_Cart" title="Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart">Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart</a></i>. The abduction sequence is largely a reworking of that recorded in Caradoc's work, but here the queen's rescuer is not Arthur (or Yder) but Lancelot, whose adultery with the queen is dealt with for the first time in this poem. In Chrétien's <a href="/wiki/Love_triangle" title="Love triangle">love triangle</a> of Arthur-Guinevere-Lancelot, Lancelot rescues her from the land of Gorre. It has been suggested that Chrétien invented their affair to supply Guinevere with a courtly extramarital lover (as requested by his patroness, <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_France,_Countess_of_Champagne" title="Marie of France, Countess of Champagne">Princess Marie</a>); Mordred could not be used as his reputation was beyond saving, and Yder had been forgotten entirely.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version has become lastingly popular. Today it is most familiar from its expansion <a href="#Life_in_popular_tradition">in the prose cycles</a>, where Lancelot comes to her rescue on more than one occasion. </p><p>There are furthermore several other variants of this motif in medieval literature. In Ulrich's <i><a href="/wiki/Lanzelet" title="Lanzelet">Lanzelet</a></i>, Valerin, the King of the Tangled Pinewood, claims the right to marry her and attempts to carry her off to his castle in a struggle for power, possibly related to her connections to the fertility and sovereignty of Britain. Lancelot, acting as Guinevere's champion, defeats Valerian and saves her from the plot. However, Valerin later kidnaps Guinevere anyway and places her in a magical sleep inside his castle guarded by dragons; she is rescued by Arthur's party (including Lancelot) with the help of Malduc, wizard of the Misty Lake.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Heinrich's <i>Diu Crône</i>, Guinevere's captor is her own brother Gotegrim, intending to kill her for refusing to marry the fairy knight <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table#Osenain" title="Knights of the Round Table">Gasozein</a>, who falsely<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> claims to be her lover and rightful husband (and who also appears as the young Guinevere's human lover named Gosangos in the <i>Livre d'Artus</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her saviour there is Gawain. In <i><a href="/wiki/Durmart_le_Gallois" class="mw-redirect" title="Durmart le Gallois">Durmart le Gallois</a></i>, Guinevere is delivered from her peril by the eponymous hero, having been abducted by Brun de Morois in a scenario reminiscent of Valerin's.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>Livre d'Artus</i>, she is briefly taken prisoner by <a href="/wiki/King_Urien" class="mw-redirect" title="King Urien">King Urien</a> during his rebellion against Arthur. The 14th-century Welsh poet <a href="/wiki/Dafydd_ap_Gwilym" title="Dafydd ap Gwilym">Dafydd ap Gwilym</a> alludes to Guinevere's abduction in two of his poems. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meigle_2_Vanora.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Meigle_2_Vanora.jpg/250px-Meigle_2_Vanora.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Meigle_2_Vanora.jpg/330px-Meigle_2_Vanora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Meigle_2_Vanora.jpg/500px-Meigle_2_Vanora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>Meigle stone detail</figcaption></figure> <p>Another version of the narrative is associated in local folklore with <a href="/wiki/Meigle" title="Meigle">Meigle</a> in Scotland, known for its carved <a href="/wiki/Pictish_stone" title="Pictish stone">Pictish stones</a>. One of the stones, now in the <a href="/wiki/Meigle_Sculptured_Stone_Museum" title="Meigle Sculptured Stone Museum">Meigle Sculptured Stone Museum</a>, is said to depict <b>Vanora</b>, the local name for Guinevere.<sup id="cite_ref-HScot_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HScot-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is said to have been abducted by King Modred (Mordred). When she is eventually returned to Arthur, he has her condemned to death for <a href="/wiki/Infidelity" title="Infidelity">infidelity</a> and orders that she be torn to pieces by wild beasts, an event said to be shown on Meigle Stone 2 (Queen Venora's Stone).<sup id="cite_ref-HScot_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HScot-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This stone was one of two that originally stood near a mound that is identified as Vanora's grave.<sup id="cite_ref-HScot_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HScot-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern scholars interpret the Meigle Stone 2 as a depiction of the Biblical tale of <a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_the_lions%27_den" title="Daniel in the lions' den">Daniel in the lions' den</a>. One Scotland-related story takes place in <a href="/wiki/Hector_Boece" title="Hector Boece">Hector Boece</a>'s <i>Historia Gentis Scotorum</i>, where Guinevere is taken north by the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a> following Mordred's and Arthur's deaths at Camlann and spends the rest of her life in their captivity; after her death, she is buried beside Arthur. </p><p>This prominent story in its many versions may be ultimately of early Celtic origin.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medievalist <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman_Loomis" title="Roger Sherman Loomis">Roger Sherman Loomis</a> suggested that this recurring motif shows that Guinevere "had inherited the role of a Celtic <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a>" (a figure from <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of these similar tales of abduction by another suitor – and this allegory includes Lancelot, who saves her when she is condemned by Arthur to <a href="/wiki/Death_by_burning" title="Death by burning">burn at the stake</a> for her adultery – are demonstrative of a recurring '<a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a>-snatches-Persephone' theme, positing that Guinevere is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Otherworld" title="Celtic Otherworld">Celtic Otherworld</a> bride <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ta%C3%ADn" title="Étaín">Étaín</a>, whom <a href="/wiki/Midir" title="Midir">Midir</a>, king of the Underworld, carries off from her earthly life.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._T._Webster" title="Kenneth G. T. Webster">Kenneth G. T. Webster</a>, a scenario such as the one from <i>Diu Crône</i> may be an echo of a more ancient lore in which Guinevere is "a <a href="/wiki/Fairy_queen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy queen">fairy queen</a> ravished from her supernatural husband by Arthur of this world and therefore subject to raids which the other world would regard as rescues, but which to the Arthurian world appear as abductions."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_in_popular_tradition">Life in popular tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Life in popular tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:329_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/329_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg/170px-329_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/329_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg/255px-329_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/329_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg/340px-329_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>A scene preceding the kidnapping by <a href="/wiki/Maleagant" title="Maleagant">Maleagant</a>: "How Queen Guenever rode a maying into the woods and fields beside <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>." <br /> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rackham" title="Arthur Rackham">Arthur Rackham</a>'s illustration from <i>The Romance of King Arthur</i> (1917), abridged from <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">Thomas Malory</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_W._Pollard" title="Alfred W. Pollard">Alfred W. Pollard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The following narrative is largely based on the <i><a href="/wiki/Lancelot-Grail" title="Lancelot-Grail">Lancelot-Grail</a></i> (Vulgate) prose cycle and, consequently, <i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i> as abridged by Thomas Malory with some of his changes. It tells the story of the forbidden romance of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere, initially in accordance to the <a href="/wiki/Courtly_love" title="Courtly love">courtly love</a> conventions still popular in the early 13th-century France. However, their affair was soon afterwards directly condemned as sinful, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Post-Vulgate_Cycle" title="Post-Vulgate Cycle">Post-Vulgate Cycle</a> retelling. Guinevere's role in their relationship in the Vulgate <i>Lancelot</i> is that of Lancelot's "female lord", just as the <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake" title="Lady of the Lake">Lady of the Lake</a> is his "female master".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding her characterisation by Malory, she has been described by modern critics as "jealous, unreasonable, possessive, and headstrong," at least through most of the work before the final book, and some of these traits may be related to her political qualities and actions.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 13th-century French cyclical <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_romance" title="Chivalric romance">chivalric romances</a> and the later works based on them, including Malory's, Guinevere is the daughter of <a href="/wiki/King_Leodegrance" title="King Leodegrance">King Leodegrance</a> of Carmelide (Cameliard), who had served Arthur's father, <a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a>, and was entrusted with the <a href="/wiki/Round_Table" title="Round Table">Round Table</a> after Uther's death. The newly-crowned King Arthur defends Leodegrance by defeating King <a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a>, which leads to his first meeting with the young Guinevere. An arranged <a href="/wiki/Marriage_of_state" title="Marriage of state">marriage of state</a> soon commences, and Arthur receives the Round Table as Guinevere's dowry, having ignored <a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a>'s prophetic advice warning him not to marry her. This version of her legend has her betrothed to Arthur early in his career, while he was garnering support and being pressured to produce an heir (which Guinevere, barren as in most other versions, will fail to deliver). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:254px;max-width:254px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lancelot_and_Guinevere_-_Herbert_James_Draper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lancelot_and_Guinevere_-_Herbert_James_Draper.jpg/250px-Lancelot_and_Guinevere_-_Herbert_James_Draper.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lancelot_and_Guinevere_-_Herbert_James_Draper.jpg/375px-Lancelot_and_Guinevere_-_Herbert_James_Draper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lancelot_and_Guinevere_-_Herbert_James_Draper.jpg/500px-Lancelot_and_Guinevere_-_Herbert_James_Draper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>Lancelot and Guinevere</i> by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_James_Draper" title="Herbert James Draper">Herbert James Draper</a> (c. 1890)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_discovers_the_frescoes_painted_by_Lancelot_in_Morgan%27s_castle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Arthur_discovers_the_frescoes_painted_by_Lancelot_in_Morgan%27s_castle.png/250px-Arthur_discovers_the_frescoes_painted_by_Lancelot_in_Morgan%27s_castle.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Arthur_discovers_the_frescoes_painted_by_Lancelot_in_Morgan%27s_castle.png/375px-Arthur_discovers_the_frescoes_painted_by_Lancelot_in_Morgan%27s_castle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Arthur_discovers_the_frescoes_painted_by_Lancelot_in_Morgan%27s_castle.png/500px-Arthur_discovers_the_frescoes_painted_by_Lancelot_in_Morgan%27s_castle.png 2x" data-file-width="1212" data-file-height="881" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">King Arthur's sister <a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan</a> shows him the room where Lancelot had painted his relationship with Guinevere in <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vrard_d%27Espinques" title="Évrard d'Espinques">Évrard d'Espinques</a>' illumination for the <a href="/wiki/Lancelot-Grail" title="Lancelot-Grail">Vulgate Cycle</a>'s <i>La Mort du roi Arthur</i> in <a href="/wiki/BNF_fr._113%E2%80%93116" class="mw-redirect" title="BNF fr. 113–116">BNF fr. 116 f. 688<sup>v</sup>.</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>When the mysterious White Knight (Lancelot) arrives from the continent, Guinevere is instantly smitten. The teenage Lancelot first joins the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Queen's Knights</a> to serve Guinevere after having been knighted by her. Following Lancelot's early rescue of Guinevere from Maleagant (in <i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i> this episode only happens much later on) and his admission into the Round Table, and with the Lady of the Lake's and <a href="/wiki/Galehaut" title="Galehaut">Galehaut</a>'s assistance, the two then begin an escalating romantic affair that in the end will inadvertently lead to Arthur's fall. Lancelot refuses the love of many other ladies, dedicates all his heroic deeds to Guinevere's honor, and sends her the redeemable knights he has defeated in battle and who must appeal to her for forgiveness. </p><p>In the Vulgate Cycle, Lancelot's stepmother Ninianne, the Lady of the Lake, gifts them an identical pair of magic rings of protection against enchantements. In this version, the lovers spend their first night together just as Arthur sleeps with the beautiful <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxon</a> princess named Camille or Gamille (an evil enchantress whom he later continues to love even after she betrays and imprisons him, though it was suggested that he was enchanted<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Arthur is also further unfaithful during the episode of the "<a href="/wiki/Gwenhwyfach" title="Gwenhwyfach">False Guinevere</a>" (who had Arthur drink a love potion to betray Guinevere), her own twin half-sister (born on the same day but from a different mother) whom Arthur takes as his second wife in a very unpopular bigamous move, even refusing to obey the Pope's order for him not to do it, as Guinevere escapes to live with Lancelot in Galehaut's kingdom of Sorelais. The French prose cyclical authors thus intended to justify Guinevere and Lancelot's adultery by blackening Arthur's reputation and thus making it acceptable and sympathetic for their medieval courtly French audience. Malory's <i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i>, however, portrays Arthur as absolutely faithful to Guinevere, even successfully resisting the forceful advances of the sorceress <a href="/wiki/Annowre" title="Annowre">Annowre</a> for her sake, except as a victim of a spell in a variant of the "False Guinevere" case. On her side, Guinevere is often greatly jealous for Lancelot, especially in the case of <a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Corbenic" title="Elaine of Corbenic">Elaine of Corbenic</a>, when her reaction to learning about their relationship (which, unknown to her, by this time has been limited only to him being <a href="/wiki/Rape_by_deception" title="Rape by deception">raped-by-deceit</a> by Elaine, including an earlier act of the fathering of <a href="/wiki/Galahad" title="Galahad">Galahad</a>) causes Lancelot to fall into his longest period of madness (which only Elaine is able to eventually cure with the power of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a> itself). The episode of Lancelot's exile and madness is also included in the Post-Vulgate <i>Suite du Merlin</i>, where it instead serves to accent the pathetic and humiliating nature of Lancelot's illicit relationship with the queen.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malory is silent regarding Guinevere's feelings for Arthur but goes so far as to suggest she uses charms or enchantments to win Lancelot's love. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Rescue_of_Guinevere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/The_Rescue_of_Guinevere.jpg/200px-The_Rescue_of_Guinevere.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/The_Rescue_of_Guinevere.jpg/300px-The_Rescue_of_Guinevere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/The_Rescue_of_Guinevere.jpg/400px-The_Rescue_of_Guinevere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>The Rescue of Guinevere</i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Hatherell" title="William Hatherell">William Hatherell</a> (1910)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Arthur%27s_Tomb_(1855).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Arthur%27s_Tomb_%281855%29.jpg/200px-Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Arthur%27s_Tomb_%281855%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Arthur%27s_Tomb_%281855%29.jpg/300px-Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Arthur%27s_Tomb_%281855%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Arthur%27s_Tomb_%281855%29.jpg/400px-Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Arthur%27s_Tomb_%281855%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>Arthur's Tomb</i> (<i>The Last Meeting of Launcelot and Guenevere</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti" title="Dante Gabriel Rossetti">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</a> (1855)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Years later, following the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Grail Quest</a>, Malory tells his readers that the pair started behaving carelessly in public, stating that "Launcelot began to resort unto the Queene Guinevere again and forget the promise and the perfection that he made in the Quest... and so they loved together more hotter than they did beforehand." They indulged in "privy draughts together" and behaved in such a way that "many in the court spoke of it." Guinevere is charged with adultery on three occasions, including once when she is also accused of sorcery.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their now not-so secret affair is finally exposed by Guinevere's sworn enemy and Arthur's half-sister, the enchantress Morgan le Fay who had schemed against her on various occasions (sometimes being foiled in that by Lancelot, who had also defended Guinevere on many other occasions and performed assorted feats in her honour), and proven by two of the late <a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">King Lot</a>'s sons, <a href="/wiki/Agravain" title="Agravain">Agravain</a> and Mordred. Revealed as a betrayer of his king and friend, Lancelot kills several of Arthur's knights and escapes. Incited to defend honour, Arthur reluctantly sentences his wife to be burnt at the stake. Knowing Lancelot and his family would try to stop the execution, the king sends many of his knights to defend the pyre, though Gawain refuses to participate. Lancelot arrives with his kinsmen and followers and rescues the queen. Gawain's unarmed brothers <a href="/wiki/Gaheris" title="Gaheris">Gaheris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gareth" title="Gareth">Gareth</a> are killed in the battle (among others, including fellow Knights of the Round <a href="/wiki/Aglovale" class="mw-redirect" title="Aglovale">Aglovale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Segwarides" class="mw-redirect" title="Segwarides">Segwarides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Tor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Tor">Tor</a>, and originally also Gawain's third brother Agravain), sending Gawain into a rage so great that he pressures Arthur into a direct confrontation with Lancelot. </p><p> When Arthur goes after Lancelot to France, he leaves her in the care of Mordred, who plans to marry the queen himself and take Arthur's throne. While in some versions of the legend (like the Alliterative <i>Morte Arthure</i>, which removed French romantic additions) Guinevere assents to Mordred's proposal, in the tales of Lancelot she hides in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, where she withstands Mordred's siege, and later takes refuge in a nun <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">convent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hearing of the treachery, Arthur returns to Britain and slays Mordred at Camlann, but his wounds are so severe that he is taken to the isle of Avalon by Morgan. During the civil war, Guinevere is portrayed as a scapegoat for violence without developing her perspective or motivation. However, after Arthur's death, Guinevere retires to a convent in penitence for her infidelity. (Malory was familiar with the <a href="/wiki/Fontevraud_Abbey" title="Fontevraud Abbey">Fontevraud</a> daughter house at Nuneaton,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and given the royal connections of its sister house at Amesbury, he chose <a href="/wiki/Amesbury_Priory" title="Amesbury Priory">Amesbury Priory</a> as the monastery to which Guinevere retires as "abbas and rular",<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to find her salvation in a life of penance.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Her contrition is sincere and permanent; Lancelot is unable to sway her to come away with him.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guinevere meets Lancelot one last time, refusing to kiss him, then returns to the convent. She spends the remainder of her life as an abbess in joyless sorrow, contrasting with her earlier merry nature. Following her death, Lancelot buries her next to Arthur's (real or symbolic) grave. </p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_culture">Modern culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_based_on_Arthurian_legends" title="List of works based on Arthurian legends">List of works based on Arthurian legends</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Parting_of_Sir_Lancelot_and_Queen_Guinevere,_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Parting_of_Sir_Lancelot_and_Queen_Guinevere%2C_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg/250px-The_Parting_of_Sir_Lancelot_and_Queen_Guinevere%2C_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Parting_of_Sir_Lancelot_and_Queen_Guinevere%2C_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg/330px-The_Parting_of_Sir_Lancelot_and_Queen_Guinevere%2C_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Parting_of_Sir_Lancelot_and_Queen_Guinevere%2C_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg/500px-The_Parting_of_Sir_Lancelot_and_Queen_Guinevere%2C_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3368" data-file-height="4310" /></a><figcaption><i>The Parting of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere</i>. 1874 photograph by <a href="/wiki/Julia_Margaret_Cameron" title="Julia Margaret Cameron">Julia Margaret Cameron</a> published in <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Tennyson">Alfred Tennyson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Idylls_of_the_King" title="Idylls of the King">Idylls of the King</a> and Other Poems</i> (1875).</figcaption></figure> <p>Modern adaptations of Arthurian legend vary greatly in their depiction of Guinevere, largely because certain aspects of her story must be fleshed out by the modern author. In spite of her iconic doomed romance with Lancelot, a number of modern reinterpretations portray her as being manipulated into her affair with Lancelot, with Arthur being her rightful true love. Others present her love for Lancelot as stemming from a relationship that existed prior to her arranged marriage to Arthur, and some do not include the affair at all. In much of modern Arthuriana, Guinevere also assumes more active roles than in her medieval depictions, increasingly even being cast as protagonist. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Deverry_Cycle" title="Deverry Cycle">Deverry Cycle</a></i> book <i><a href="/wiki/Darkspell" title="Darkspell">Darkspell</a></i>, the character of Gweniver is a warrior priestess sworn to the Goddess of the Moon in Her Darktime, also known as She of The Sword-Struck Heart. An inspirational warleader, Gweniver is a <a href="/wiki/Berserker" title="Berserker">berserker</a> in combat.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Marion_Zimmer_Bradley" title="Marion Zimmer Bradley">Marion Zimmer Bradley</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mists_of_Avalon" title="The Mists of Avalon">The Mists of Avalon</a></i>, Gwenhwyfar is brought up by a cold, unloving father, which leaves her with a deep inferiority complex and intense agoraphobia. Failing to produce an heir and unable to be with the love of her life, Lancelot, she falls into a deep depression and – hoping for salvation – becomes an increasingly fanatical Christian. Bradley's version is notable for popularising the Welsh spelling, which many subsequent writers have adopted.</li> <li>Guinevere is a supporting character in <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Morris" title="Gerald Morris">Gerald Morris</a>' <i>The Squire's Tales</i>. She starts the series as King Arthur's newly-wedded queen and ends it as Sister Arthur, peacefully living in a convent after Arthur's departure.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cornwell" title="Bernard Cornwell">Bernard Cornwell</a>'s Arthurian series of novels <i><a href="/wiki/The_Warlord_Chronicles" title="The Warlord Chronicles">The Warlord Chronicles</a></i> depicts Guinevere as the princess of Henis Wyren in <a href="/wiki/North_Wales" title="North Wales">North Wales</a>. She is fiercely anti-Christian as a devoted follower of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian">Ancient Egyptian</a> goddess <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> and has ambitions of becoming queen of <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a> through her marriage with Arthur, the illegitimate son of Uther Pendragon in the novels. Guinevere is the cause of a civil war in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter_King_(novel)" title="The Winter King (novel)">The Winter King</a></i> and later conspires with Lancelot against Arthur in <i><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_God_(novel)" title="Enemy of God (novel)">Enemy of God</a></i>, albeit later they reconcile as she plays a vital role in the victory <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">at Badon</a> and eventually she and her son accompany the wounded Arthur to exile in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> after Camlann at the end of <i><a href="/wiki/Excalibur:_A_Novel_of_Arthur" title="Excalibur: A Novel of Arthur">Excalibur</a></i>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Guy_Gavriel_Kay" title="Guy Gavriel Kay">Guy Gavriel Kay</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Fionavar_Tapestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fionavar Tapestry">Fionavar Tapestry</a></i>, the character of Jennifer/Guinevere is a central figure, gifted with great courage, strength, and love.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_media">Other media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellen_Terry_as_Guinevere_costume_by_Burne-Jones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Ellen_Terry_as_Guinevere_costume_by_Burne-Jones.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="294" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Terry" title="Ellen Terry">Ellen Terry</a> as Guinevere in the 1895 play <i>King Arthur</i> by <a href="/wiki/J._Comyns_Carr" title="J. Comyns Carr">J. Comyns Carr</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Theatre,_London" title="Lyceum Theatre, London">Lyceum Theatre</a> production. Portrait by Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones" title="Edward Burne-Jones">Edward Burne-Jones</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Goulet_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Robert_Goulet_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG/250px-Robert_Goulet_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Robert_Goulet_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG/330px-Robert_Goulet_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Robert_Goulet_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG/500px-Robert_Goulet_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A 1961 photo of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Goulet" title="Robert Goulet">Robert Goulet</a> as Lancelot and <a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> as Guenevere in the musical <i><a href="/wiki/Camelot_(musical)" title="Camelot (musical)">Camelot</a></i></div></div></div></div></div> <ul><li>Guinevere is played by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Terry" title="Ellen Terry">Ellen Terry</a> in the 1895 <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a> production <i>King Arthur</i> by <a href="/wiki/J._Comyns_Carr" title="J. Comyns Carr">J. Comyns Carr</a>, with incidental music by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan" title="Arthur Sullivan">Arthur Sullivan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Guinevere is a central character in the 1960 Broadway musical <a href="/wiki/Camelot_(musical)" title="Camelot (musical)"><i>Camelot</i></a>, in which she was initially portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> and later by <a href="/wiki/Sally_Ann_Howes" title="Sally Ann Howes">Sally Ann Howes</a>. She was also played by <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> in the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Camelot_(film)" title="Camelot (film)">film adaptation</a>, and by <a href="/wiki/Phillipa_Soo" title="Phillipa Soo">Phillipa Soo</a> in the 2023 Broadway revival.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Guinnevere" title="Guinnevere">Guinnevere</a>" was a song written in 1968 by <a href="/wiki/David_Crosby" title="David Crosby">David Crosby</a> that appears on <a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Stills_and_Nash" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosby, Stills and Nash">Crosby, Stills and Nash</a>'s eponymous debut album.</li> <li>Guinevere is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Cherie_Lunghi" title="Cherie Lunghi">Cherie Lunghi</a> in the 1981 epic fantasy film <i><a href="/wiki/Excalibur_(film)" title="Excalibur (film)">Excalibur</a></i>.</li> <li>In the 1983 <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> maxi-series <i><a href="/wiki/Camelot_3000" title="Camelot 3000">Camelot 3000</a></i>, Guinevere appears reincarnated in the body of Commander Joan Acton, American-born leader of the United Earth Defense Forces, and is reunited with King Arthur to defend Earth from a race of extraterrestrial invaders.</li> <li>In the 1992 cartoon series <i><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_and_the_Knights_of_Justice" title="King Arthur and the Knights of Justice">King Arthur and the Knights of Justice</a></i>, Queen Guinevere is voiced by <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Barr" title="Kathleen Barr">Kathleen Barr</a>. She is Camelot's queen and the real King Arthur's wife who often wonders about the change in Arthur's demeanor and manner of acting, unaware of him being the time-stranded Arthur King.</li> <li>In the 1994 television film <i><a href="/wiki/Guinevere_(1994_film)" title="Guinevere (1994 film)">Guinevere</a></i>, she is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Lee" title="Sheryl Lee">Sheryl Lee</a>. This story follows Guinevere's point of view and offers a more feminist perspective.</li> <li>In the American original version of the 1994 cartoon series <i><a href="/wiki/Princess_Gwenevere_and_the_Jewel_Riders" title="Princess Gwenevere and the Jewel Riders">Princess Gwenevere and the Jewel Riders</a></i>, Gwenevere (Gwen) is the show's titular main heroine and protagonist, voiced by <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Butler" title="Kerry Butler">Kerry Butler</a> in the first season and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Louisa_Kelly" title="Jean Louisa Kelly">Jean Louisa Kelly</a> in the second season. As noted by <a href="/wiki/Ebony_Elizabeth_Thomas" title="Ebony Elizabeth Thomas">Ebony Elizabeth Thomas</a>, the series "focused far less on Guinevere's treachery and faithlessness and more on her agency and power as a young princess."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its Gwen is a daughter of the royal family of the magical kingdom of Avalon, who leads the all-girl Jewel Riders on their quest to rescue her mentor Merlin and to defeat the witches, Lady Kale (Gwen's evil aunt) and Morgana, who plot to rule Avalon. The show is set more than 1,000 years after the reign of Arthur, with Gwenevere described as having inherited the qualities of courage, a strong will and impulsiveness from "her famous namesake".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was renamed as Starla for the show's international version, <i>Starla and the Jewel Riders</i>.</li> <li>Guinevere is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Julia_Ormond" title="Julia Ormond">Julia Ormond</a> in 1995 film <i><a href="/wiki/First_Knight" title="First Knight">First Knight</a></i>.</li> <li>In the 1998 television miniseries <i><a href="/wiki/Merlin_(miniseries)" title="Merlin (miniseries)">Merlin</a></i>, Guinevere is played by <a href="/wiki/Lena_Headey" title="Lena Headey">Lena Headey</a>.</li> <li>In the 2001 television miniseries <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mists_of_Avalon_(miniseries)" title="The Mists of Avalon (miniseries)">The Mists of Avalon</a></i>, an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Marion_Zimmer_Bradley" title="Marion Zimmer Bradley">Marion Zimmer Bradley</a>'s novel of the <a href="/wiki/The_Mists_of_Avalon" title="The Mists of Avalon">same name</a>, Gwenhwyfar, Princess of Lœdekrans, is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Samantha_Mathis" title="Samantha Mathis">Samantha Mathis</a>.</li> <li>In the 2002 television series <i><a href="/wiki/Guinevere_Jones" title="Guinevere Jones">Guinevere Jones</a></i>, Guinevere is reincarnated into the main protagonist Gwen Jones portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Tamara_Hope" title="Tamara Hope">Tamara Hope</a>.</li> <li>In the 2004 film <i><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_(2004_film)" title="King Arthur (2004 film)">King Arthur</a></i>, Guinevere, played by British actress <a href="/wiki/Keira_Knightley" title="Keira Knightley">Keira Knightley</a>, is depicted as a <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Pictish</a> princess in captivity of a Roman noble family in the far north of Britain. Arthur, charged by <a href="/wiki/Germanus_of_Auxerre" title="Germanus of Auxerre">Bishop Germanus</a> with escorting the family to safety in light of an impending Saxon invasion, discovers her captivity and liberates her. While travelling back to Roman territory, she introduces Arthur to Merlin who attempts to persuade Arthur to lead the Picts (called Woads in the film) to battle the Saxon army. Once back in Roman territory, their relationship culminates in a brief romance, after which Arthur decides to remain at the Roman outpost to fight the Saxons at <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a> while his knights return to Rome. In the climactic <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">Battle of Badon</a> Hill, Guinevere leads a Pictish detachment of archers against the first wave of Saxon invaders and is nearly killed there before being rescued by Lancelot. Following the battle, Arthur and Guinevere are married by Merlin in a ceremony at <a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a>.</li> <li>Guinevere appears in the 2005 animated series <i><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_Disasters" title="King Arthur's Disasters">King Arthur's Disasters</a></i>, where she is voiced by <a href="/wiki/Morwenna_Banks" title="Morwenna Banks">Morwenna Banks</a>.</li> <li>In the 2005 French television series <i><a href="/wiki/Kaamelott" title="Kaamelott">Kaamelott</a></i>, and the 2021 film, Guinevere is a humorous and cheerful queen with a big heart, portrayed by Anne Girouard. Her story with Arthur, her true love, is one of the longest slow burns in French television.</li> <li>Guinevere, or Gwen, appears in the 2007 DreamWorks animated film <i><a href="/wiki/Shrek_the_Third" title="Shrek the Third">Shrek the Third</a></i>, as a student at Worcestershire Academy. She is voiced by Latifa Ouaou.</li> <li>In the 2008 television series <a href="/wiki/Merlin_(2008_TV_series)" title="Merlin (2008 TV series)"><i>Merlin</i></a>, Guinevere (called "Gwen" by most of the characters) is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Angel_Coulby" title="Angel Coulby">Angel Coulby</a> and is shown as the daughter of a blacksmith and maid to <a href="/wiki/Morgana_(Merlin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgana (Merlin)">Morgana</a> along with being her best friend. <a href="/wiki/Elyan_the_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Elyan the White">Elyan the White</a> is portrayed as her brother, and, eventually, one of Arthur's knights. At first, Guinevere is implied as the love interest of <a href="/wiki/Merlin_(Merlin_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merlin (Merlin character)">Merlin</a> (who is far younger in the series than in usual tales) and is also shown as having an attraction to Lancelot. However, in this version of the story, Guinevere's true love is Arthur. Gwen and Arthur marry, despite <a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon_(Merlin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uther Pendragon (Merlin)">Uther</a>'s and Morgana's attempts to keep them apart. Following Arthur's death, Gwen becomes the <a href="/wiki/Queen_regent" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen regent">queen regent</a> of Camelot.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Guinevere appears in the 2011 television series <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(TV_series)" title="Once Upon a Time (TV series)">Once Upon a Time</a></i>, played by actress <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joana_Metrass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joana Metrass (page does not exist)">Joana Metrass</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joana_Metrass" class="extiw" title="pt:Joana Metrass">pt</a>]</span>. This version of Guinevere is portrayed with a noticeable <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Castilian</a> accent. She was stated by production in this adaptation to be Lancelot's true love while being deceived and manipulated into continuing her marriage with Arthur by a "fixing" spell that "fixed" all the problems between the two, inadvertently making her forget her love for Lancelot.</li> <li>In the 2011 television series <i><a href="/wiki/Camelot_(TV_series)" title="Camelot (TV series)">Camelot</a></i>, Guinevere is depicted by <a href="/wiki/Tamsin_Egerton" title="Tamsin Egerton">Tamsin Egerton</a>. An ambitious and strong-willed woman, she is a great support to Arthur and they develop a strong undeniable attraction. However, she is married to Leontes, one of Arthur's most loyal knights, which frustrates their relationship.</li> <li>In the 2016 video game <i><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Legends:_Bang_Bang" title="Mobile Legends: Bang Bang">Mobile Legends: Bang Bang</a></i>, there is a playable character named Guinevere. Unlike in other stories, Guinevere is portrayed as the sister of Lancelot and is instead in a relationship with Gusion Paxley.</li> <li>In the 2016 television series <i><a href="/wiki/Legends_of_Tomorrow" title="Legends of Tomorrow">Legends of Tomorrow</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/Camelot/3000" class="mw-redirect" title="Camelot/3000">Camelot/3000</a>", Guinevere is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Elyse_Levesque" title="Elyse Levesque">Elyse Levesque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the episode, she is depicted a closeted lesbian who married Arthur as a political move instead of love. She is a knight who became queen because of her loyalty to Merlin. In response to Sara letting her know of her affection for Guinevere; <a href="/wiki/Sara_Lance" title="Sara Lance">Sara Lance</a> felt attraction to her, and after Merlin, who was actually <a href="/wiki/Courtney_Whitmore" title="Courtney Whitmore">Stargirl</a>, confessed her love to King Arthur, she and Sara shared a kiss.</li> <li>In the 2020 television series <i><a href="/wiki/Cursed_(2020_TV_series)" title="Cursed (2020 TV series)">Cursed</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Bella_Dayne" title="Bella Dayne">Bella Dayne</a> portrays the Viking warrior woman Red Spear, also known as Guinevere.</li> <li>In the 2020 cartoon series <i><a href="/wiki/Wizards:_Tales_of_Arcadia" title="Wizards: Tales of Arcadia">Wizards: Tales of Arcadia</a></i>, Guinevere is Morgana's friend whose accidental death by her husband Arthur causes Morgana to turn to evil.</li> <li>In 2021 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Knight_(film)" title="The Green Knight (film)">The Green Knight</a></i> based on medieval poem <i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight" title="Sir Gawain and the Green Knight">Sir Gawain and the Green Knight</a></i>, Guinevere is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Kate_Dickie" title="Kate Dickie">Kate Dickie</a>.</li> <li>In the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Pixelberry_Studios" title="Pixelberry Studios">Pixelberry Studios</a>' video game <i>Guinevere</i>, she is the main character who suffers from visions predicting the downfall of both Camelot and Arthur and Lancelot, both of whom the player can have Guinevere romance.</li> <li>In 2023 television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter_King_(TV_series)" title="The Winter King (TV series)">The Winter King</a></i>, based on <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cornwell" title="Bernard Cornwell">Bernard Cornwell</a>'s trilogy of novels <i><a href="/wiki/The_Warlord_Chronicles" title="The Warlord Chronicles">The Warlord Chronicles</a></i>, Guinevere is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Alexandra" title="Jordan Alexandra">Jordan Alexandra</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_family" title="King Arthur's family">King Arthur's family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_and_Iseult" title="Tristan and Iseult">Tristan and Iseult</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Guinevere%2CGuenever%2CGuenevere%2CGwenhwyfar&year_start=1850&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2CGuinevere%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CGuenever%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CGuenevere%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CGwenhwyfar%3B%2Cc0t1">"Google Books Ngram Viewer"</a>. <i>books.google.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=books.google.com&rft.atitle=Google+Books+Ngram+Viewer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fngrams%2Fgraph%3Fcontent%3DGuinevere%252CGuenever%252CGuenevere%252CGwenhwyfar%26year_start%3D1850%26year_end%3D2008%26corpus%3D15%26smoothing%3D3%26direct_url%3Dt1%253B%252CGuinevere%253B%252Cc0%253B.t1%253B%252CGuenever%253B%252Cc0%253B.t1%253B%252CGuenevere%253B%252Cc0%253B.t1%253B%252CGwenhwyfar%253B%252Cc0t1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchrijver1995" class="citation book cs1">Schrijver, Peter (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f_RMQkk3OSIC&pg=PA249"><i>Studies in British Celtic Historical Phonology</i></a>. Rodopi. pp. <span class="nowrap">249–</span>250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9051838206" title="Special:BookSources/978-9051838206"><bdi>978-9051838206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+British+Celtic+Historical+Phonology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E249-%3C%2Fspan%3E250&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-9051838206&rft.aulast=Schrijver&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df_RMQkk3OSIC%26pg%3DPA249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHamp,_Eric_P.1996" class="citation journal cs1">Hamp, Eric P. (1996). "Varia: 1. 1 sál m. '(eau de) mer'; 2. 1 sed 'cerf'; 3. slabar; 4. slice 'coquille'; 5. ta- 'obtenir, trouver, pouvoir (féad-<ét-)'; 6. 1 tadg 'poète', 1 tál 'asciam'; 7. Irish tarr, torrach; 8. tinaid; 9. tindabrad, Findabair; 10. 1 úall, úabar, úais; 11. *uern~?". <i>Études Celtiques</i>. <b>32</b>: <span class="nowrap">87–</span>90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fecelt.1996.2087">10.3406/ecelt.1996.2087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89tudes+Celtiques&rft.atitle=Varia%3A+1.+1+s%C3%A1l+m.+%27%28eau+de%29+mer%27%3B+2.+1+sed+%27cerf%27%3B+3.+slabar%3B+4.+slice+%27coquille%27%3B+5.+ta-+%27obtenir%2C+trouver%2C+pouvoir+%28f%C3%A9ad-%3C%C3%A9t-%29%27%3B+6.+1+tadg+%27po%C3%A8te%27%2C+1+t%C3%A1l+%27asciam%27%3B+7.+Irish+tarr%2C+torrach%3B+8.+tinaid%3B+9.+tindabrad%2C+Findabair%3B+10.+1+%C3%BAall%2C+%C3%BAabar%2C+%C3%BAais%3B+11.+%2Auern~%3F&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E87-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fecelt.1996.2087&rft.au=Hamp%2C+Eric+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKoch2006" class="citation book cs1">Koch, John T. (2006). <i>Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia</i>. Abc-clio. p. 861. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1851094400" title="Special:BookSources/978-1851094400"><bdi>978-1851094400</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+culture%3A+a+historical+encyclopedia&rft.pages=861&rft.pub=Abc-clio&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1851094400&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dictionary of the Irish Language</i> (ed. E G Quin et al., Royal Irish Academy, Dublin 1913–76; Letter S, Column 205, electronic version at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.DIL.ie">http://www.DIL.ie</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richards, Melville, "Arthurian Onomastics", in: <i>Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion</i>, vol. 2, 1969, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508030103/http://www.omaha.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20111101%2FLIVING%2F711019971%2F1020867">"Cleveland Evans: Jennifer went from 'strange' to popular"</a>. <i>Omaha</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omaha.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20111101/LIVING/711019971/1020867">the original</a> on 8 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Omaha&rft.atitle=Cleveland+Evans%3A+Jennifer+went+from+%27strange%27+to+popular&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omaha.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20111101%2FLIVING%2F711019971%2F1020867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.clas.ufl.edu/jshoaf/ArthGuinevere.html">"Judy Shoaf | College of Liberal Arts and Sciences"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Judy+Shoaf+%26%23124%3B+College+of+Liberal+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.clas.ufl.edu%2Fjshoaf%2FArthGuinevere.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrewer1890" class="citation web cs1">Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (21 March 1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3mI7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364">"The Reader's Handbook of Allusions, References, Plots and Stories, with Three Appendices"</a>. Chatto and Windus – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Reader%27s+Handbook+of+Allusions%2C+References%2C+Plots+and+Stories%2C+with+Three+Appendices&rft.pub=Chatto+and+Windus&rft.date=1890-03-21&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=Ebenezer+Cobham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3mI7AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBruce1999" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, Christopher W. (21 March 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XZFbczeMtYcC&pg=PA243"><i>The Arthurian Name Dictionary</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815328650" title="Special:BookSources/9780815328650"><bdi>9780815328650</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arthurian+Name+Dictionary&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999-03-21&rft.isbn=9780815328650&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Christopher+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXZFbczeMtYcC%26pg%3DPA243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bromwich 2006, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Rhys, <i>Studies in the Arthurian Legend</i>, Clarendon Press, 1891, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3CtEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA344">"Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne"</a>. 1880.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transactions+of+the+Natural+History+Society+of+Northumberland%2C+Durham%2C+and+Newcastle-upon-Tyne&rft.date=1880&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3CtEAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaron_Hallam_Tennyson_Tennyson1908" class="citation book cs1">Baron Hallam Tennyson Tennyson, Baron Alfred Tennyson Tennyson (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sSZHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA506"><i>Works of Tennyson, Volume 5</i></a>. p. 506.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Works+of+Tennyson%2C+Volume+5&rft.pages=506&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Baron+Hallam+Tennyson+Tennyson&rft.aufirst=Baron+Alfred+Tennyson+Tennyson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsSZHAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kac-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kac_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kac_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTichelaar2010" class="citation book cs1">Tichelaar, Tyler R. (31 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aLx7w5IzCDMC&pg=PA101"><i>King Arthur's Children: A Study in Fiction and Tradition</i></a>. Loving Healing Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61599-066-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61599-066-5"><bdi>978-1-61599-066-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+Arthur%27s+Children%3A+A+Study+in+Fiction+and+Tradition&rft.pub=Loving+Healing+Press&rft.date=2010-01-31&rft.isbn=978-1-61599-066-5&rft.aulast=Tichelaar&rft.aufirst=Tyler+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaLx7w5IzCDMC%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalters2015" class="citation book cs1">Walters, Lori J. (3 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HEoeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PR15"><i>Lancelot and Guinevere: A Casebook</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317721550" title="Special:BookSources/9781317721550"><bdi>9781317721550</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lancelot+and+Guinevere%3A+A+Casebook&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-12-03&rft.isbn=9781317721550&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Lori+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHEoeCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalters1996" class="citation book cs1">Walters, Lori (21 March 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QQTVR53IJo0C&pg=PA29"><i>Lancelot and Guinevere: A Casebook</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815306535" title="Special:BookSources/9780815306535"><bdi>9780815306535</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lancelot+and+Guinevere%3A+A+Casebook&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1996-03-21&rft.isbn=9780815306535&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQQTVR53IJo0C%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMediavilla1999" class="citation web cs1">Mediavilla, Cindy (21 March 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/arthurianfiction0000medi/page/37">"Arthurian fiction : an annotated bibliography"</a>. Lanham, Md. : Scarecrow Press – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arthurian+fiction+%3A+an+annotated+bibliography&rft.pub=Lanham%2C+Md.+%3A+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1999-03-21&rft.aulast=Mediavilla&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farthurianfiction0000medi%2Fpage%2F37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRovang2014" class="citation book cs1">Rovang, Paul (5 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v7GDBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA144"><i>Malory's Anatomy of Chivalry: Characterization in the Morte Darthur</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61147-779-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61147-779-5"><bdi>978-1-61147-779-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malory%27s+Anatomy+of+Chivalry%3A+Characterization+in+the+Morte+Darthur&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014-11-05&rft.isbn=978-1-61147-779-5&rft.aulast=Rovang&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv7GDBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBruce1999" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, Christopher W. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XZFbczeMtYcC&pg=PA131"><i>The Arthurian Name Dictionary</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815328650" title="Special:BookSources/9780815328650"><bdi>9780815328650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arthurian+Name+Dictionary&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780815328650&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Christopher+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXZFbczeMtYcC%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAshley2011" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, Mike (1 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0yeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT473"><i>The Mammoth Book of King Arthur</i></a>. Little, Brown Book Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780333557" title="Special:BookSources/9781780333557"><bdi>9781780333557</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mammoth+Book+of+King+Arthur&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+Book+Group&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.isbn=9781780333557&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0yeBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatthews1997" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, John (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3xEsCWEYFfkC&pg=PA524"><i>Sources of the Grail: An Anthology</i></a>. SteinerBooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780940262867" title="Special:BookSources/9780940262867"><bdi>9780940262867</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sources+of+the+Grail%3A+An+Anthology&rft.pub=SteinerBooks&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780940262867&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3xEsCWEYFfkC%26pg%3DPA524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHuot2007" class="citation book cs1">Huot, Sylvia (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ogYk78vHmAgC&pg=PA192"><i>Postcolonial Fictions in the Roman de Perceforest: Cultural Identities and Hybridities</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84384-104-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84384-104-3"><bdi>978-1-84384-104-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Postcolonial+Fictions+in+the+Roman+de+Perceforest%3A+Cultural+Identities+and+Hybridities&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84384-104-3&rft.aulast=Huot&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DogYk78vHmAgC%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAshley2011" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, Mike (September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0yeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT225"><i>The Mammoth Book of King Arthur</i></a>. Little, Brown Book. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780333557" title="Special:BookSources/9781780333557"><bdi>9781780333557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mammoth+Book+of+King+Arthur&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+Book&rft.date=2011-09&rft.isbn=9781780333557&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0yeBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilentz2009" class="citation book cs1">Wilentz, Abigail (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qr4IyCUeCiMC&pg=PA215"><i>Relationship Devotional: 365 Lessons to Love & Learn</i></a>. Sterling. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-5577-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-5577-4"><bdi>978-1-4027-5577-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Relationship+Devotional%3A+365+Lessons+to+Love+%26+Learn&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Sterling&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4027-5577-4&rft.aulast=Wilentz&rft.aufirst=Abigail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQr4IyCUeCiMC%26pg%3DPA215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGöller1981" class="citation book cs1">Göller, Karl Heinz (5 March 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7M6vuneJGSEC&pg=PA35"><i>The Alliterative Morte Arthure: A Reassessment of the Poem</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780859910750" title="Special:BookSources/9780859910750"><bdi>9780859910750</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Alliterative+Morte+Arthure%3A+A+Reassessment+of+the+Poem&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=1981-03-05&rft.isbn=9780859910750&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6ller&rft.aufirst=Karl+Heinz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7M6vuneJGSEC%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKochMinard2012" class="citation book cs1">Koch, John T.; Minard, Antone (1 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3cHdQC1cXLEC&pg=PA400"><i>The Celts: History, Life, and Culture</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598849646" title="Special:BookSources/9781598849646"><bdi>9781598849646</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Celts%3A+History%2C+Life%2C+and+Culture&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2012-04-01&rft.isbn=9781598849646&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft.au=Minard%2C+Antone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3cHdQC1cXLEC%26pg%3DPA400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher W. Bruce (2013). <i>The Arthurian Name Dictionary</i>. p. 243. Routledge.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodway, Simon, <i>Dating Medieval Welsh Literature: Evidence from the Verbal System</i>. CMCS Publications, Aberystwyth, 2013, pp. 16, 168–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noble 1972, pp. 524–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHebert2013" class="citation book cs1">Hebert, Jill M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-IY-zIn5VHUC&pg=PT58"><i>Morgan le Fay, Shapeshifter</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1137022653" title="Special:BookSources/978-1137022653"><bdi>978-1137022653</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morgan+le+Fay%2C+Shapeshifter&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1137022653&rft.aulast=Hebert&rft.aufirst=Jill+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-IY-zIn5VHUC%26pg%3DPT58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://childrenofarthur.wordpress.com/tag/king-arthurs-incest/">"King Arthur's incest"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=King+Arthur%27s+incest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchildrenofarthur.wordpress.com%2Ftag%2Fking-arthurs-incest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1999" class="citation journal cs1">Kennedy, Edward Donald (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27869451">"Malory's Guenevere: 'A Woman Who Had Grown a Soul'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Arthuriana</i>. <b>9</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">37–</span>45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fart.1999.0079">10.1353/art.1999.0079</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27869451">27869451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthuriana&rft.atitle=Malory%27s+Guenevere%3A+%27A+Woman+Who+Had+Grown+a+Soul%27&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fart.1999.0079&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27869451%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Edward+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27869451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLacyAsheMancoff2014" class="citation book cs1">Lacy, Norris J.; Ashe, Geoffrey; Mancoff, Debra N. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GYWrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA96"><i>The Arthurian Handbook: Second Edition</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317777434" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317777434"><bdi>978-1317777434</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arthurian+Handbook%3A+Second+Edition&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1317777434&rft.aulast=Lacy&rft.aufirst=Norris+J.&rft.au=Ashe%2C+Geoffrey&rft.au=Mancoff%2C+Debra+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGYWrAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGöller1981" class="citation book cs1">Göller, Karl Heinz (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7M6vuneJGSEC&pg=PA40"><i>The Alliterative Morte Arthure: A Reassessment of the Poem</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0859910750" title="Special:BookSources/978-0859910750"><bdi>978-0859910750</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Alliterative+Morte+Arthure%3A+A+Reassessment+of+the+Poem&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0859910750&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6ller&rft.aufirst=Karl+Heinz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7M6vuneJGSEC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA147"><i>Celtic Culture: A-Celti</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. 21 March 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851094400" title="Special:BookSources/9781851094400"><bdi>9781851094400</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A-Celti&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006-03-21&rft.isbn=9781851094400&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df899xH_quaMC%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061946/https://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/1150-Caradoc-LifeofGildas.asp">"Caradoc of Llangarfan: The Life of Gildas"</a>. <i>Fordham University Medieval Sourcebook</i>. Fordham University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/1150-Caradoc-LifeofGildas.asp">the original</a> on 6 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fordham+University+Medieval+Sourcebook&rft.atitle=Caradoc+of+Llangarfan%3A+The+Life+of+Gildas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegacy.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fbasis%2F1150-Caradoc-LifeofGildas.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBruce1999" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, Christopher W. (21 March 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XZFbczeMtYcC&pg=PA355"><i>The Arthurian Name Dictionary</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815328650" title="Special:BookSources/9780815328650"><bdi>9780815328650</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arthurian+Name+Dictionary&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999-03-21&rft.isbn=9780815328650&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Christopher+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXZFbczeMtYcC%26pg%3DPA355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kibler, William W., <i>The Romance of Arthur</i>, New York & London, Garland Publishing, Inc. 1994 p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SyRt_1b3fo0C&pg=RA1-PA221">"The Evolution of Arthurian Romance i"</a>. Slatkine – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Arthurian+Romance+i&rft.pub=Slatkine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSyRt_1b3fo0C%26pg%3DRA1-PA221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF(de_Troyes)1990" class="citation book cs1">(de Troyes), Chrétien (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_BkOv2P91UMC&pg=PR9"><i>Lancelot, or, The Knight of the Cart</i></a>. University of Georgia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-1213-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-1213-2"><bdi>978-0-8203-1213-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lancelot%2C+or%2C+The+Knight+of+the+Cart&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-1213-2&rft.aulast=%28de+Troyes%29&rft.aufirst=Chr%C3%A9tien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_BkOv2P91UMC%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFApp1929" class="citation book cs1">App, August Joseph (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DojebX3x-i0C&pg=PA14"><i>Lancelot in English Literature, His Rôle and Character</i></a>. Ardent Media.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lancelot+in+English+Literature%2C+His+R%C3%B4le+and+Character&rft.pub=Ardent+Media&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=App&rft.aufirst=August+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDojebX3x-i0C%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdmunds2020" class="citation book cs1">Edmunds, Lowell (28 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-3S7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA290"><i>Stealing Helen: The Myth of the Abducted Wife in Comparative Perspective</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-20233-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-20233-4"><bdi>978-0-691-20233-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stealing+Helen%3A+The+Myth+of+the+Abducted+Wife+in+Comparative+Perspective&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2020-04-28&rft.isbn=978-0-691-20233-4&rft.aulast=Edmunds&rft.aufirst=Lowell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-3S7DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSamples2012" class="citation journal cs1">Samples, Susann Therese (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43485991">"An Unlikely Hero: The Rapist-Knight Gasozein in "Diu Crône"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Arthuriana</i>. <b>22</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">101–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fart.2012.a494786">10.1353/art.2012.a494786</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43485991">43485991</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:160239206">160239206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthuriana&rft.atitle=An+Unlikely+Hero%3A+The+Rapist-Knight+Gasozein+in+%22Diu+Cr%C3%B4ne%22&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E101-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A160239206%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43485991%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fart.2012.a494786&rft.aulast=Samples&rft.aufirst=Susann+Therese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43485991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas2002" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Neil (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uNjGNu2w7WcC&pg=PA40"><i>Diu Crône and the Medieval Arthurian Cycle</i></a>. DS Brewer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780859916363" title="Special:BookSources/9780859916363"><bdi>9780859916363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diu+Cr%C3%B4ne+and+the+Medieval+Arthurian+Cycle&rft.pub=DS+Brewer&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780859916363&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuNjGNu2w7WcC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRhys1891" class="citation book cs1">Rhys, Sir John (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hHw6AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA68"><i>Studies in the Arthurian Legend</i></a>. Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Arthurian+Legend&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=Rhys&rft.aufirst=Sir+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhHw6AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HScot-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HScot_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HScot_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HScot_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicenvironment.scot/">"Historic Environment Scotland"</a>. <i>historicenvironment.scot</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historicenvironment.scot&rft.atitle=Historic+Environment+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicenvironment.scot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBromwich2014" class="citation book cs1">Bromwich, Rachel (15 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V2muBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT464"><i>Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain</i></a>. University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78316-147-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78316-147-8"><bdi>978-1-78316-147-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trioedd+Ynys+Prydein%3A+The+Triads+of+the+Island+of+Britain&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2014-11-15&rft.isbn=978-1-78316-147-8&rft.aulast=Bromwich&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV2muBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoomis2000" class="citation book cs1">Loomis, Roger Sherman (2000). <i>The Development of Arthurian Romance</i>. Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-40955-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-40955-9"><bdi>978-0-486-40955-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+Arthurian+Romance&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-486-40955-9&rft.aulast=Loomis&rft.aufirst=Roger+Sherman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas2002" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Neil (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uNjGNu2w7WcC&pg=PA39"><i>Diu Crône and the medieval Arthurian cycle</i></a>. D.S. Brewer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85991-636-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85991-636-3"><bdi>978-0-85991-636-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diu+Cr%C3%B4ne+and+the+medieval+Arthurian+cycle&rft.pub=D.S.+Brewer&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-85991-636-3&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuNjGNu2w7WcC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/%27Siner+tugende+anegenge+sagen%27:+The+re-writing+of+Arthurian+(hi)story...-a065506636">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Siner tugende anegenge sagen': The re-writing of Arthurian (hi)story in 'Diu Crone'. – Free Online Library"</a>. <i>www.thefreelibrary.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thefreelibrary.com&rft.atitle=%27Siner+tugende+anegenge+sagen%27%3A+The+re-writing+of+Arthurian+%28hi%29story+in+%27Diu+Crone%27.+%E2%80%93+Free+Online+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2F%2527Siner%2Btugende%2Banegenge%2Bsagen%2527%3A%2BThe%2Bre-writing%2Bof%2BArthurian%2B%28hi%29story...-a065506636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLongley2002" class="citation journal cs1">Longley, Anne P. (2002). "Guinevere as Lord". <i>Arthuriana</i>. <b>12</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">49–</span>62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fart.2002.0074">10.1353/art.2002.0074</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27870447">27870447</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161075853">161075853</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthuriana&rft.atitle=Guinevere+as+Lord&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E49-%3C%2Fspan%3E62&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161075853%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27870447%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fart.2002.0074&rft.aulast=Longley&rft.aufirst=Anne+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodges2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hodges, Kenneth (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27712477">"Guinevere's Politics in Malory's "Morte Darthur"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Journal of English and Germanic Philology</i>. <b>104</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">54–</span>79. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27712477">27712477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+English+and+Germanic+Philology&rft.atitle=Guinevere%27s+Politics+in+Malory%27s+%22Morte+Darthur%22&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E54-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27712477%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hodges&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27712477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArchibaldPutter2009" class="citation book cs1">Archibald, Elizabeth; Putter, Ad (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C8RKJhpaJ5sC&pg=PA193"><i>The Cambridge Companion to the Arthurian Legend</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521860598" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521860598"><bdi>978-0521860598</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+the+Arthurian+Legend&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0521860598&rft.aulast=Archibald&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Putter%2C+Ad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC8RKJhpaJ5sC%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ywEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA349"><i>The Arthur of the French: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval French and Occitan Literature</i></a>. University of Wales Press. 15 October 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786837431" title="Special:BookSources/9781786837431"><bdi>9781786837431</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arthur+of+the+French%3A+The+Arthurian+Legend+in+Medieval+French+and+Occitan+Literature&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft.isbn=9781786837431&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ywEEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpisak1985" class="citation book cs1">Spisak, James W. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-BkgAQAAIAAJ"><i>Studies in Malory</i></a>. Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0918720542" title="Special:BookSources/978-0918720542"><bdi>978-0918720542</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Malory&rft.pub=Medieval+Institute+Publications%2C+Western+Michigan+University&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0918720542&rft.aulast=Spisak&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-BkgAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://childrenofarthur.wordpress.com/2011/06/19/while-king-arthur-was-away-did-guinevere-with-mordred-play/">"While King Arthur was Away, Did Guinevere with Mordred Play?"</a>. <i>Children of Authur</i>. 19 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Children+of+Authur&rft.atitle=While+King+Arthur+was+Away%2C+Did+Guinevere+with+Mordred+Play%3F&rft.date=2011-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchildrenofarthur.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F06%2F19%2Fwhile-king-arthur-was-away-did-guinevere-with-mordred-play%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHicks1928" class="citation book cs1">Hicks, Edward (1928). <i>Sir Thomas Malory: His Turbulent Career</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">25–</span>27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Thomas+Malory%3A+His+Turbulent+Career&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitteridge1973" class="citation journal cs1">Whitteridge, Gweneth (1973). "The Identity of Sir Thomas Malory, Knight-Prisoner". <i>The Review of English Studies</i>. <b>24</b> (95): <span class="nowrap">257–</span>265. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fres%2FXXIV.93.257">10.1093/res/XXIV.93.257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+English+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Identity+of+Sir+Thomas+Malory%2C+Knight-Prisoner&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=95&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E257-%3C%2Fspan%3E265&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fres%2FXXIV.93.257&rft.aulast=Whitteridge&rft.aufirst=Gweneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eugene Vinaver & P.J.C. Field (edd.), <i>The Works of Sir Thomas Malory</i>, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 3rd edition 1990, vol. 3, p. 1249, lines 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On Malory's Guinevere, see Peter Korrel, <i>An Arthurian Triangle: A Study of the Origin, Development and Characterization of Arthur, Guinevere and Mordred</i>, Brill, Leiden, 1984; Fiona Tolhurst, <i>The Once and Future Queen: The Development of Guenevere from Geoffrey of Monmouth to Malory</i>, in <i>Bibliographical Bulletin of the International Arthurian Society</i> 50 (1998) 272–308; Sue Ellen Holbrook, <i>Guenevere: the Abbess of Amesbury and the Mark of Reparation</i> in <i>Arthuriana</i> 20: 1 (2010) 25–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobertsJones2010" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Sandye; Jones, Arthur (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IYKT5aqg65QC&pg=PA52"><i>Divine Intervention II: A Guide to Twin Flames, Soul Mates, and Kindred Spirits</i></a>. AuthorHouse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4567-1255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4567-1255-6"><bdi>978-1-4567-1255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Divine+Intervention+II%3A+A+Guide+to+Twin+Flames%2C+Soul+Mates%2C+and+Kindred+Spirits&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4567-1255-6&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Sandye&rft.au=Jones%2C+Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIYKT5aqg65QC%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c20th.com/GSearly.htm">Information about <i>King Arthur</i> including an image of the program</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080720182507/http://www.c20th.com/GSearly.htm">Archived</a> 20 July 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas2020" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Ebony Elizabeth (22 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TEzZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA78"><i>The Dark Fantastic: Race and the Imagination from Harry Potter to the Hunger Games</i></a>. NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4798-0607-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4798-0607-2"><bdi>978-1-4798-0607-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dark+Fantastic%3A+Race+and+the+Imagination+from+Harry+Potter+to+the+Hunger+Games&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2020-09-22&rft.isbn=978-1-4798-0607-2&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Ebony+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTEzZDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalda2013" class="citation book cs1">Salda, Michael N. (17 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EWQsAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA103"><i>Arthurian Animation: A Study of Cartoon Camelots on Film and Television</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786474684" title="Special:BookSources/9780786474684"><bdi>9780786474684</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arthurian+Animation%3A+A+Study+of+Cartoon+Camelots+on+Film+and+Television&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2013-07-17&rft.isbn=9780786474684&rft.aulast=Salda&rft.aufirst=Michael+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEWQsAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merlintvshow.com/">"Merlin"</a>. Merlin TV Series Fansite<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Merlin&rft.pub=Merlin+TV+Series+Fansite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merlintvshow.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbrams2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Abrams, Natalie (12 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ew.com/article/2016/12/12/legends-tomorrow-elyse-levesque">"Legends of Tomorrow books The Originals alum"</a>. <i>Entertainment Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Legends+of+Tomorrow+books+The+Originals+alum&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft.aulast=Abrams&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ew.com%2Farticle%2F2016%2F12%2F12%2Flegends-tomorrow-elyse-levesque&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBromwich2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bromwich" title="Rachel Bromwich">Bromwich, Rachel</a> (2006). <i>Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain</i> (3 ed.). University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0708313862" title="Special:BookSources/978-0708313862"><bdi>978-0708313862</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trioedd+Ynys+Prydein%3A+The+Triads+of+the+Island+of+Britain&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0708313862&rft.aulast=Bromwich&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBruce1999" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, Christopher W. (1999). <i>The Arthurian Name Dictionary</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-2865-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-2865-0"><bdi>978-0-8153-2865-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arthurian+Name+Dictionary&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-2865-0&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Christopher+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoghlan1991" class="citation book cs1">Coghlan, Ronan (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofa0000cogh"><i>Encyclopaedia of Arthurian Legends</i></a>. Element Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85230-199-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85230-199-6"><bdi>978-1-85230-199-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Arthurian+Legends&rft.pub=Element+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-85230-199-6&rft.aulast=Coghlan&rft.aufirst=Ronan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopaediaofa0000cogh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHopkins2004" class="citation book cs1">Hopkins, Andrea (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofguineverel0000hopk"><i>The Book of Guinevere: Legendary Queen of Camelot</i></a>. Saraband. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781887354042" title="Special:BookSources/9781887354042"><bdi>9781887354042</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Guinevere%3A+Legendary+Queen+of+Camelot&rft.pub=Saraband&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781887354042&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofguineverel0000hopk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKorrel1984" class="citation book cs1">Korrel, Peter (1984). <i>An Arthurian Triangle: A Study of the Origin, Development, and Characterization of Arthur, Guinevere, and Modred</i>. Brill Archive. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004072725" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004072725"><bdi>978-9004072725</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Arthurian+Triangle%3A+A+Study+of+the+Origin%2C+Development%2C+and+Characterization+of+Arthur%2C+Guinevere%2C+and+Modred&rft.pub=Brill+Archive&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-9004072725&rft.aulast=Korrel&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMediavilla1999" class="citation book cs1">Mediavilla, Cindy (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arthurianfiction0000medi"><i>Arthurian Fiction: An Annotated Bibliography</i></a></span>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-3644-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-3644-0"><bdi>978-0-8108-3644-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arthurian+Fiction%3A+An+Annotated+Bibliography&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-3644-0&rft.aulast=Mediavilla&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farthurianfiction0000medi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNoble1972" class="citation journal cs1">Noble, Peter (1972). "The Character of Guinevere in the Arthurian Romances of Chretien de Troyes". <i>The Modern Language Review</i>. <b>67</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">524–</span>35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3726121">10.2307/3726121</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-7937">0026-7937</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3726121">3726121</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Language+Review&rft.atitle=The+Character+of+Guinevere+in+the+Arthurian+Romances+of+Chretien+de+Troyes&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E524-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.date=1972&rft.issn=0026-7937&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3726121%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3726121&rft.aulast=Noble&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalters2001" class="citation book cs1">Walters, Lori (2001). <i>Lancelot and Guinevere: A Casebook</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415939119" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415939119"><bdi>978-0415939119</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lancelot+and+Guinevere%3A+A+Casebook&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0415939119&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Lori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWebster1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Grant_Tremayne_Webster" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Grant Tremayne Webster">Webster, Kenneth Grant Tremayne</a> (1951). <i>Guinevere: A study of her abductions</i>. Turtle Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinevere%3A+A+study+of+her+abductions&rft.pub=Turtle+Press&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Grant+Tremayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinevere" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinevere&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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title="Ywain">Yvain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knights of the<br /> Round Table</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagdemagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagdemagus">Bagdemagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunor" title="Brunor">Brunor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clig%C3%A8s" title="Cligès">Cligès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradoc" title="Caradoc">Caradoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagonet" title="Dagonet">Dagonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_von_dem_bl%C3%BChenden_Tal" title="Daniel von dem blühenden Tal">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinadan" title="Dinadan">Dinadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galahad" title="Galahad">Galahad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galehaut" title="Galehaut">Galehaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraint" title="Geraint">Geraint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griflet" class="mw-redirect" title="Griflet">Griflet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamorak" title="Lamorak">Lamorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanval" title="Lanval">Lanval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Lionel" title="Sir Lionel">Lionel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriaen" title="Moriaen">Moriaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamedes_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Palamedes (Arthurian legend)">Palamedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelleas" title="Pelleas">Pelleas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellinore" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellinore">Pellinore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival" title="Percival">Percival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagramore" title="Sagramore">Sagramore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan" title="Tristan">Tristan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters" title="List of Arthurian characters">Other characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accolon" title="Accolon">Accolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrestes" title="Agrestes">Agrestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angharad_Golden-Hand" title="Angharad Golden-Hand">Angharad Golden-Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguish_of_Ireland" title="Anguish of Ireland">Anguish of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annowre" title="Annowre">Annowre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Balin" title="Sir Balin">Balin and Balan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Ban" title="King Ban">Ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bertilak" title="Lady Bertilak">Lady Bertilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Black Knight (Arthurian legend)">Black Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanchefleur" title="Blanchefleur">Blanchefleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brangaine" title="Brangaine">Brangaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunor" title="Brunor">Brunor(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catigern" title="Catigern">Catigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudas" title="Claudas">Claudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Astolat" title="Elaine of Astolat">Elaine of Astolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine of Benoic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Corbenic" title="Elaine of Corbenic">Elaine of Corbenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enide" title="Enide">Enide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feirefiz" title="Feirefiz">Feirefiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_King" title="Fisher King">Fisher King(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garel" title="Garel">Garel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Knight" title="Green Knight">Green Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiomar_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Guiomar (Arthurian legend)">Guiomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiron_le_Courtois" title="Guiron le Courtois">Guiron le Courtois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenhwyfach" title="Gwenhwyfach">Gwenhwyfach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellawes_(sorceress)" title="Hellawes (sorceress)">Hellawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iseult" title="Iseult">Iseult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake" title="Lady of the Lake">Lady/Ladies of the Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudine" title="Laudine">Laudine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leodegrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Leodegrance">Leodegrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin" title="Lohengrin">Lohengrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunete" title="Lunete">Lunete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynette_and_Lyonesse" title="Lynette and Lyonesse">Lynette and Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleagant" title="Maleagant">Maleagant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Cornwall" title="Mark of Cornwall">Mark of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliodas" title="Meliodas">Meliodas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Nentres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_sorceresses" title="Nine sorceresses">Nine sorceresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olwen" title="Olwen">Olwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival%27s_sister" title="Percival's sister">Percival's sister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Knight" title="Red Knight">Red Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebile" title="Sebile">Sebile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegau_Eurfron" title="Tegau Eurfron">Tegau Eurfron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yniol" class="mw-redirect" title="Yniol">Yniol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animal characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall">Cavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gringolet" title="Gringolet">Gringolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petitcrieu" title="Petitcrieu">Petitcrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questing_Beast" title="Questing Beast">Questing Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twrch_Trwyth" title="Twrch Trwyth">Twrch Trwyth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnwennan" title="Carnwennan">Carnwennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">Excalibur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prydwen" title="Prydwen">Prydwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhongomyniad" title="Rhongomyniad">Rhongomyniad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table" title="Round Table">Round Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_Perilous" title="Siege Perilous">Siege Perilous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" title="List of locations associated with Arthurian legend">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astolat" title="Astolat">Astolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Tor" title="Glastonbury Tor">Glastonbury Tor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broc%C3%A9liande" title="Brocéliande">Brocéliande</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Val_sans_retour" title="Val sans retour">Val sans retour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerleon" title="Caerleon">Caerleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celliwig" title="Celliwig">Celliwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_perilous" title="Chapel perilous">Chapel perilous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbenic" title="Corbenic">Corbenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esplumoir_Merlin" title="Esplumoir Merlin">Esplumoir Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyous_Gard" title="Joyous Gard">Joyous Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Maidens" title="Land of Maidens">Land/Castle of Maidens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyonesse" title="Lyonesse">Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarras" title="Sarras">Sarras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel" title="Tintagel">Tintagel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel_Castle" title="Tintagel Castle">Tintagel Castle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_King_Arthur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of King Arthur">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_based_on_Arthurian_legends" title="List of works based on Arthurian legends">List of works</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_in_comics" title="King Arthur in comics">comics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">Battle of Badon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolorous_Stroke" title="Dolorous Stroke">Dolorous Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loathly_lady" title="Loathly lady">Loathly lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_King_Arthur" title="Historicity of King Arthur">Historicity of King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_messianic_return" title="King Arthur's messianic return">King Arthur's messianic return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendragon" title="Pendragon">Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Swan" title="Knight of the Swan">Knight of the Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_and_Iseult" title="Tristan and Iseult">Tristan and Iseult</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geoffrey_of_Monmouth152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Template:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Template talk:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geoffrey_of_Monmouth152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Category:Works by Geoffrey of Monmouth">Works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophetiae_Merlini" title="Prophetiae Merlini">Prophetiae Merlini</a></i> (c. 1135)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i> (c. 1136)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Merlini" title="Vita Merlini">Vita Merlini</a></i> (c. 1150)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Translations_of_Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Category:Translations of Geoffrey of Monmouth">Translations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layamon%27s_Brut" title="Layamon's Brut">Layamon's <i>Brut</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Brenhinedd" title="Brut y Brenhinedd">Brut y Brenhinedd</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breta_s%C3%B6gur" title="Breta sögur">Breta sögur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merl%C3%ADn%C3%BAssp%C3%A1" title="Merlínússpá">Merlínússpá</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Alban" title="Saint Alban">Saint Alban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanactus" title="Albanactus">Albanactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhfrith_of_Deira" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhfrith of Deira">Alhfrith of Deira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allectus" title="Allectus">Allectus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibalus" title="Amphibalus">Amphibalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andragius" title="Andragius">Andragius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archgallo" title="Archgallo">Archgallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archmail" title="Archmail">Archmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvirargus" title="Arvirargus">Arvirargus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascanius" title="Ascanius">Ascanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelius_Conanus" title="Aurelius Conanus">Aurelius Conanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beldgabred" title="Beldgabred">Beldgabred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beli_Mawr" title="Beli Mawr">Beli Mawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belinus" title="Belinus">Belinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladud" title="Bladud">Bladud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledric_ap_Custennin" title="Bledric ap Custennin">Bledric ap Custennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledudo" title="Bledudo">Bledudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennius" title="Brennius">Brennius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_Greenshield" title="Brutus Greenshield">Brutus Greenshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_of_Troy" title="Brutus of Troy">Brutus of Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Budic II of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadfan_ap_Iago" title="Cadfan ap Iago">Cadfan ap Iago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadoc" title="Cadoc">Cadoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwaladr" title="Cadwaladr">Cadwaladr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwallon_ap_Cadfan" title="Cadwallon ap Cadfan">Cadwallon ap Cadfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camber_(legendary_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camber (legendary king)">Camber (legendary king)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_of_Britain" title="Cap of Britain">Cap of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capetus_Silvius" title="Capetus Silvius">Capetus Silvius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capoir" title="Capoir">Capoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradocus" title="Caradocus">Caradocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carausius" title="Carausius">Carausius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassivellaunus" title="Cassivellaunus">Cassivellaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catellus" title="Catellus">Catellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catigern" title="Catigern">Catigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherin" title="Cherin">Cherin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledaucus" title="Cledaucus">Cledaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotenus" title="Clotenus">Clotenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coel_Hen" title="Coel Hen">Coel Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coilus" title="Coilus">Coilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conan_Meriadoc" title="Conan Meriadoc">Conan Meriadoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(son_of_Constantine_III)" title="Constans II (son of Constantine III)">Constans II (son of Constantine III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_Emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)">Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(Briton)" title="Constantine (Briton)">Constantine (Briton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius Chlorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordelia_of_Britain" title="Cordelia of Britain">Cordelia of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corineus" title="Corineus">Corineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunedagius" title="Cunedagius">Cunedagius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunobeline" title="Cunobeline">Cunobeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danius" title="Danius">Danius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digueillus" title="Digueillus">Digueillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionotus" title="Dionotus">Dionotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunvallo_Molmutius" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunvallo Molmutius">Dunvallo Molmutius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebraucus" title="Ebraucus">Ebraucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edadus" title="Edadus">Edadus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edern_ap_Nudd" title="Edern ap Nudd">Edern ap Nudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldol" title="Eldol">Eldol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldol,_Consul_of_Gloucester" title="Eldol, Consul of Gloucester">Eldol, Consul of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elidurus" title="Elidurus">Elidurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliud" title="Eliud">Eliud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enniaunus" title="Enniaunus">Enniaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrildis" title="Estrildis">Estrildis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaf_Hen" title="Eudaf Hen">Eudaf Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrex" title="Ferrex">Ferrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgenius" title="Fulgenius">Fulgenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerennus" title="Gerennus">Gerennus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goffar_the_Pict" title="Goffar the Pict">Goffar the Pict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogmagog_(folklore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gogmagog (folklore)">Gogmagog (folklore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goneril" title="Goneril">Goneril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorboduc" title="Gorboduc">Gorboduc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorbonianus" title="Gorbonianus">Gorbonianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracianus_Municeps" title="Gracianus Municeps">Gracianus Municeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiderius" title="Guiderius">Guiderius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guinevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guithelin" title="Guithelin">Guithelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgintius" title="Gurgintius">Gurgintius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurguit_Barbtruc" title="Gurguit Barbtruc">Gurguit Barbtruc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgustius" title="Gurgustius">Gurgustius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddoleu_ap_Ceidio" title="Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio">Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddydd" title="Gwenddydd">Gwenddydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Gwendolen" title="Queen Gwendolen">Queen Gwendolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_(empress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena (empress)">Helena (empress)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus">Helenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist and Horsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoel">Hoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_the_Hun" title="Humber the Hun">Humber the Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iago_ap_Beli" title="Iago ap Beli">Iago ap Beli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idvallo" title="Idvallo">Idvallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenius_of_Britain" title="Ingenius of Britain">Ingenius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innogen" title="Innogen">Innogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jago_of_Britain" title="Jago of Britain">Jago of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_and_Aaron" title="Julius and Aaron">Julius and Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Asclepiodotus" title="Julius Asclepiodotus">Julius Asclepiodotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Sir Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keredic" title="Keredic">Keredic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimarcus" title="Kimarcus">Kimarcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinarius" title="Kinarius">Kinarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latinus" title="Latinus">Latinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavinia" title="Lavinia">Lavinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leil" title="Leil">Leil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leir_of_Britain" title="Leir of Britain">Leir of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrinus" title="Locrinus">Locrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">King Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Britain" title="Lucius of Britain">Lucius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lud_son_of_Heli" class="mw-redirect" title="Lud son of Heli">Lud son of Heli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddan" title="Maddan">Maddan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd">Maelgwn Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandubracius" title="Mandubracius">Mandubracius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Marcia" title="Queen Marcia">Queen Marcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganus" title="Marganus">Marganus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganus_II" title="Marganus II">Marganus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_of_Britain" title="Marius of Britain">Marius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mempricius" title="Mempricius">Mempricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merianus" title="Merianus">Merianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millus" title="Millus">Millus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause">Morgause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morvidus" title="Morvidus">Morvidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrddin_Wyllt" title="Myrddin Wyllt">Myrddin Wyllt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nennius_of_Britain" title="Nennius of Britain">Nennius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octa_of_Kent" title="Octa of Kent">Octa of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenus" title="Oenus">Oenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Northumbria" title="Oswald of Northumbria">Oswald of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswiu_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Oswiu of Northumbria">Oswiu of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owain_mab_Urien" title="Owain mab Urien">Owain mab Urien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandrasus" title="Pandrasus">Pandrasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penda_of_Mercia" title="Penda of Mercia">Penda of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredur" title="Peredur">Peredur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredurus" title="Peredurus">Peredurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_the_Britons" title="Pir of the Britons">Pir of the Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porrex_I" title="Porrex I">Porrex I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porrex_II" title="Porrex II">Porrex II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publius_Septimius_Geta" class="mw-redirect" title="Publius Septimius Geta">Publius Septimius Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Laberius_Durus" title="Quintus Laberius Durus">Quintus Laberius Durus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redechius" title="Redechius">Redechius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redon_of_Britain" title="Redon of Britain">Redon of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regan_(King_Lear)" title="Regan (King Lear)">Regan (King Lear)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhydderch_Hael" title="Rhydderch Hael">Rhydderch Hael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivallo" title="Rivallo">Rivallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rud_Hud_Hudibras" title="Rud Hud Hudibras">Rud Hud Hudibras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runo_(legendary_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runo (legendary king)">Runo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawyl_Penuchel" title="Sawyl Penuchel">Sawyl Penuchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvius_(mythology)" title="Silvius (mythology)">Silvius (mythology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_I" title="Sisillius I">Sisillius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_II" title="Sisillius II">Sisillius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_III" title="Sisillius III">Sisillius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Gorbonianus" title="Son of Gorbonianus">Son of Gorbonianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasciovanus" title="Tasciovanus">Tasciovanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trahern" title="Trahern">Trahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnus" title="Turnus">Turnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urianus" title="Urianus">Urianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venissa" title="Venissa">Venissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortimer" title="Vortimer">Vortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortiporius" title="Vortiporius">Vortiporius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhere_of_Mercia" title="Wulfhere of Mercia">Wulfhere of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain">Ywain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Kent" title="Æthelberht of Kent">Æthelberht of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfrith_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelfrith of Northumbria">Æthelfrith of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%92thelwald_of_Deira" title="Œthelwald of Deira">Œthelwald of Deira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arfderydd" title="Battle of Arfderydd">Battle of Arfderydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">Battle of Badon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guoloph" title="Battle of Guoloph">Battle of Guoloph</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Tywysogion" title="Brut y Tywysogion">Brut y Tywysogion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">Excalibur</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Regum_Britanniae" title="Gesta Regum Britanniae">Gesta Regum Britanniae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailoken" title="Lailoken">Lailoken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_kings_of_Britain" title="List of legendary kings of Britain">List of legendary kings of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_rulers_of_Cornwall" title="List of legendary rulers of Cornwall">List of legendary rulers of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molmutine_Laws" title="Molmutine Laws">Molmutine Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riothamus" title="Riothamus">Riothamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Malvam" title="River Malvam">River Malvam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Exeter_(c._630)" title="Siege of Exeter (c. 630)">Siege of Exeter (c. 630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Locations associated with Arthurian legend">Locations associated with Arthurian legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treason_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Treason of the Long Knives">Treason of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinovantum" title="Trinovantum">Trinovantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_genealogy_of_Nennius" title="Trojan genealogy of Nennius">Trojan genealogy of Nennius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vera_historia_de_morte_Arthuri" title="Vera historia de morte Arthuri">Vera historia de morte Arthuri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Oxford" title="Walter of Oxford">Walter of Oxford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight78" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight" title="Template:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight" title="Template talk:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight78" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight" title="Sir Gawain and the Green Knight">Sir Gawain and the Green Knight</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Knight" title="Green Knight">Green Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bertilak" title="Lady Bertilak">Lady Bertilak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guinevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan le Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradoc" title="Caradoc">Caradoc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight_(film)" title="Gawain and the Green Knight (film)">Gawain and the Green Knight</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_the_Valiant" title="Sword of the Valiant">Sword of the Valiant</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Knight_(film)" title="The Green Knight (film)">The Green Knight</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Squire,_His_Knight,_and_His_Lady" title="The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady">The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollowing" title="The Hollowing">The Hollowing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight_(children%27s_novel)" title="Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (children's novel)"><i>Sir Gawain and the Green Knight</i> (children's novel)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gawain_(opera)" title="Gawain (opera)">Gawain</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gawain_Poet" title="Gawain Poet">Gawain Poet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greene_Knight" title="The Greene Knight">The Greene Knight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honi_soit_qui_mal_y_pense" title="Honi soit qui mal y pense">Honi soit qui mal y pense</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Manuscript" title="Pearl Manuscript">Pearl Manuscript</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272054#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata937" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272054#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata937" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272054#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/42632819">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjw7qGwk3VtDRXhgH7xbMK">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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