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U.S. towns plunge into debates about fluoride in water - Los Angeles Times
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(Christian Burney/The Durango Herald via AP)"> <meta property="og:description" content="Communities in Florida, Texas, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming and elsewhere are debating whether to stop adding fluoride to drinking water."> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Los Angeles Times"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="article:author" content=""> <meta property="article:content_tier" content="metered"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-24T18:03:15.596"> <meta property="article:opinion" content="false"> <meta property="article:section" content="World & Nation"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Water & Drought"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Communities in Florida, Texas, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming and elsewhere are debating whether to stop adding fluoride to drinking water."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/3f7fb5c/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x1631+0+272/resize/1200x675!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Residents attend a Durango City Council meeting to speak about the continued fluoridation of the city's drinking water, Nov. 5, 2024, in Durango, Colo. 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fluoride in water - Los Angeles Times</title><meta name="description" content="Communities in Florida, Texas, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming and elsewhere are debating whether to stop adding fluoride to drinking water."><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2024-11-24/u-s-towns-plunge-into-debates-about-fluoride-in-water"><meta name="brightspot.contentId" content="00000193-5f2c-d05a-a5f7-df6eea340000"> <link rel="preload" as="image" imagesrcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/179de29/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/320x240!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8 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"},"bounceTracker":{"probability":0.5,"disableDesktopExitIntent":false,"disableMobileExitIntent":false,"disableRewindLandingPage":false,"debug":false}};</script><script id="head-experiments">var personalizationConfig = {"experiments":[],"fixedConfiguration":{}};</script><script id="head-read-content-tracker-config">var readContentTrackerConfig = {"enableTracker":true,"delaySeconds":5};</script><script> var componentStyles = { gvp: 'https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/resource/0000016e-6bb5-d505-abef-fbb7e4420000/styleguide/styles-gvp.min.e624f41b358f2fb3153dacb78bac1156.gz.css', poi: 'https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/resource/0000016e-6bb5-d505-abef-fbb7e4420000/styleguide/styles-poi.min.e71f07828151d2fc325bd516b81a4099.gz.css', weather: 'https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/resource/0000016e-6bb5-d505-abef-fbb7e4420000/styleguide/styles-weather.min.f7bcc9ce34364f82dc318cec6f869183.gz.css' }; var jsPrefetch = { } </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","isAccessibleForFree":false,"articleBody":"For about 50 years, adding cavity-preventing fluoride to drinking water was a popular public health measure in Yorktown, a leafy town north of New York City. But in September, the town’s supervisor used his emergency powers to stop the practice. The reason? A recent federal judge’s decision that ordered U.S. regulators to consider the risk that fluoride in water could cause lower IQ in kids. “It’s too dangerous to look at and just say, ‘Ah, screw it. We’ll keep going on,’ ” said the town supervisor, Ed Lachterman. Yorktown isn’t alone. The decision to add fluoride to drinking water rests with state and local officials, and fights are cropping up nationwide. Communities in Florida, Texas, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming and elsewhere have debated the idea in recent months — the total number is in the dozens, with several deciding to stop adding it to drinking water, according to Fluoride Action Network, an advocacy organization against water fluoridation. In Arkansas, legislators this week filed a bill to repeal the state’s fluoridation program. The debates have been ignited or fueled by three developments: —In August, a federal agency reported “with moderate confidence” that there is a link between high levels of fluoride exposure — more than twice the recommended limit — and lower IQ in kids. —In September, the federal judge ordered the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to further regulate fluoride in drinking water because high levels could pose a risk to the intellectual development of children. —This month, just days before the election, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. declared that Donald Trump would push to remove fluoride from drinking water on his first day as president. Trump later picked Kennedy to run the Department of Health and Human Services. In Durango, Colo., there was an unsuccessful attempt to stop fluoridating the water during Trump’s first term in office. A new push came this year, as Trump saw a surge of political support. “It’s just kind of the ebb and flow of politics on the national level that ultimately affects us down here,” said city spokesman Tom Sluis. Fluoride is a public health success story, but opposition persists Fluoride strengthens teeth and reduces cavities by replacing minerals lost during normal wear and tear, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 1950, federal officials endorsed water fluoridation to prevent tooth decay, and the addition of low levels of fluoride to drinking water has long been considered one of the greatest public health achievements of the last century. Fluoride can come from a number of sources, but drinking water is the main source for Americans, researchers say. Nearly two-thirds of the U.S. population gets fluoridated drinking water, according to CDC data. There is a recommended fluoridation level, but many communities exceed that, sometimes because fluoride occurs naturally at higher levels in certain water sources. Opposition is nothing new, though for decades it was considered a fringe opinion. Adherents included conspiracy theorists who claimed fluoridation was a plot to make people submissive to government power. Health officials could point to studies that showed that cavities were less common in communities with fluoridated water, and that dental health worsened in communities without it. But fluoride isn't just in water. Through the years it became common in toothpaste, mouthwash and other products. And data began to emerge that there could be too much of a good thing: In 2011, officials reported that 2 out of 5 U.S. adolescents had at least mild tooth streaking or spottiness because of too much fluoride. In 2015, the CDC recommended that communities revisit how much they were putting in the water. Beginning in 1962, the government recommended a range of 0.7 milligrams per liter for warmer climates where people drink more water to 1.2 milligrams in cooler areas. The new standard became 0.7 everywhere. Over time, more studies pointed to a different problem: a link between higher levels of fluoride and brain development. The August report by the federal government’s National Toxicology Program — summarizing studies conducted in Canada, China, India, Iran, Pakistan and Mexico — concluded that drinking water containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per liter was associated with lower IQs in kids. “There’s no question that fluoride prevents cavities,” said Dr. Tom Frieden, who was director of the CDC when the agency changed the recommended fluoride levels. “There’s also no question we’re getting more fluoride than we were 50 years ago, through toothpaste and other things.” Frieden said “a legitimate question” has been raised about whether fluoride affects brain development, and studies making that link “need to be looked at carefully.” U.S. towns wrestle with what to do Many people in health care strongly embrace water fluoridation. The American Dental Assn. and the American Academy of Pediatrics reaffirmed their endorsement of current CDC recommendations in the wake of the federal report and the judge’s ruling. Colorado’s health department, which weighed in during a Nov. 5 Durango City Council meeting, said in a statement that it “seeks to align its public health recommendations with the latest scientific research. The facts of this court ruling are not sufficient” to revise current fluoridation levels. Durango officials are waiting to see what the EPA does in reaction to the recent court decision, said Sluis, the city spokesman. “We follow the science,” he said. “It wouldn’t be in the best interest of the city to stop fluoridation based on one judge’s interpretation.” In Yorktown, Lachterman concluded the judge’s decision was enough to halt fluoridation. He recalled a community discussion several years ago in which most people in the room clearly favored fluoridation, but recently it seems public comment has reversed. “It’s like a total 180,” he said. But not all public pressure these days is against the idea. In September, Buffalo, N.Y., announced it would resume water fluoridation after not having it for nearly a decade. News reports had described an increase in tooth decay and families sued, seeking damages for dental costs. The Buffalo Sewer Authority’s general manager, Oluwole McFoy declined to discuss the decision with the Associated Press, citing the litigation. For its part, the EPA “is in the process of reviewing the district court’s decision,” spokesman Jeff Landis said this week. Debates have become heated In Monroe, Wis., fluoridation “has become a very hot issue,” said its mayor, Donna Douglas. The small city, near Madison, started fluoridating its drinking water in the early 1960s. But in the late summer, some residents began calling and emailing Douglas, saying she needed to do something about what they saw as a public health danger. The first call “was more like a threat,” she recalled. Douglas said she did not take a position on whether to stop, but decided to raise it to the city council for discussion. The discussions were unusually emotional. Few people tend to speak during public comment sessions at council meetings, said Douglas. But more than two dozen people spoke at a city council meeting last month, most of them in favor of fluoridation. At a subsequent meeting, about a dozen more people — all opposed to fluoridation — came out to speak. “This is the first time we’ve had any debates at all” like this, Douglas said. “I didn’t realize it would be such a heated discussion.” Stobbe writes for the Associated Press. AP video journalist Brittany Peterson and AP reporter Andrew DeMillo contributed to this report.","articleSection":"World & Nation","url":"https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2024-11-24/u-s-towns-plunge-into-debates-about-fluoride-in-water","dateModified":"2024-11-24T19:22:11.979Z","datePublished":"2024-11-24T18:03:15.596Z","description":"Communities in Florida, Texas, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming and elsewhere are debating whether to stop adding fluoride to drinking water.","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".paywall"},"image":[{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","height":1115,"url":"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/bc4e3a9/2147483647/strip/false/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/1486x1115!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8","width":1486},{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","height":675,"url":"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/ac9640a/2147483647/strip/false/crop/2900x1631+0+272/resize/1200x675!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8","width":1200}],"isPartOf":{"@type":["CreativeWork","Product"],"name":"Los Angeles Times","productID":"lanews:all-access"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2024-11-24/u-s-towns-plunge-into-debates-about-fluoride-in-water"},"author":[{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Person","jobTitle":"AP Medical Writer","name":"Mike Stobbe"}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Los Angeles Times","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/954b438/2147483647/strip/false/crop/382x60+0+0/resize/382x60!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fde%2F5f%2F46c2d05b430cbc6e775301df1062%2Flogo-full-black.png","width":382,"height":60}},"name":"U.S. towns plunge into debates about fluoride in water - Los Angeles Times","headline":"U.S. towns plunge into debates about fluoride in water"}</script> <meta name="brightspot.cached" content="false"> <script>var relativeTimeLocalization = {"promo.minuteAgo":"{t} minute ago","promo.hourAgo":"{t} hour ago","promo.hoursAgo":"{t} hours ago","promo.minutesAgo":"{t} minutes ago","timeToken":"{t}"};</script> <script> function loadUA() { !function(n,r,e,t,c){var i,o="Promise"in n,u={then:function(){return u},catch:function(n){ return n(new Error("Airship SDK Error: Unsupported browser")),u}},s=o?new Promise((function(n,r){i=function(e,t){e?r(e):n(t)}})):u ;s._async_setup=function(n){if(o)try{i(null,n(c))}catch(n){i(n)}},n[t]=s;var a=r.createElement("script");a.src=e,a.async=!0,a.id="_uasdk", a.rel=t,r.head.appendChild(a)}(window,document, 'https://aswpsdkus.com/notify/v1/ua-sdk.min.js', 'UA', { vapidPublicKey: 'BLadq-gNwSoSjF1twrj519LVpJ-6OP0sDDTO4Ez7rtClyNbIcsJGs85ZpGCNYWZGi4cTi6sKJ2vwpmv34QPOJsI=', appKey: 'gCzCX0PfQWeVj1r-bBhQgA', token: 'MTpnQ3pDWDBQZlFXZVZqMXItYkJoUWdBOmhkc1NoLUxuLXpEeGx6TExqdS1Wa2RlcGd4M0RsWHU2TW4xX1ZtNDhKWFE', websitePushId: 'web.com.latimes' }); 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class="page-main"> <article class="story"> <div class="page-lead-media"><figure class="figure"> <picture > <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/179de29/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/320x240!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/e670221/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/568x426!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/763fa59/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/768x576!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/15c9ba6/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/1024x768!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8 1024w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/ade84e2/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/1200x900!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8 1200w" sizes="100vw" /> <img class="image" alt="Residents are seated and listening at a city council meeting " srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/498c48a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/320x240!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/996d8ab/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/568x426!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/5985a05/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/768x576!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/45ea643/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/1024x768!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8 1024w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/3ec60d3/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/1200x900!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8 1200w" sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="900" src="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/3ec60d3/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2900x2175+0+0/resize/1200x900!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fc5%2F20%2F9a9836045f4b767a5a7b9030e16f%2F995f89f0809a4aa0bc158cc29b436ba8" decoding="async" > </picture> <div class="figure-content"> <div class="figure-caption" >Residents attend a Durango City Council meeting to speak about the continued fluoridation of the Colorado town’s drinking water.</div> <div class="figure-credit">(Christian Burney / Associated Press)</div> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="byline"> <div class="authors"> <div class="author-name"> <span class="byline-prefix">By</span> <span class="link">Mike Stobbe</span><span class="author-title">AP Medical Writer </span> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-24T18:03:15.596Z" class="published-date"><span class="published-date-day">Nov. 24, 2024 </span><span class="published-time">10:03 AM PT </span></time></div> <div class="page-actions"> <ps-actionbar class="action-bar"> <ul class="action-bar-menu"> <li> <a class="action-link" data-modal-trigger href="#"><svg class="icon share-arrow-icon"><use xlink:href="#share-more-arrow"></use></svg><span>Share</span></a> </li> <li> <a class="action-link action-link-comment" href="#"> <svg class="icon comment-icon"><use xlink:href="#comment"></use></svg> <span class="coral-count" data-comment="Comment" data-coral-notext="true"> </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="action-bar-content ct-hidden"> <div class="action-bar-overlay" data-modal-close></div> <div class="action-bar-modal"> <div class="action-bar-modal-header"> <span>Share via</span> 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YORK — </span> For about 50 years, adding cavity-preventing fluoride to drinking water was a popular public health measure in Yorktown, a leafy town north of New York City. </p><p>But in September, the town’s supervisor used his emergency powers to stop the practice.</p><p>The reason? A recent federal judge’s decision that ordered U.S. regulators to consider the risk that fluoride in water could cause lower IQ in kids.</p><p>“It’s too dangerous to look at and just say, ‘Ah, screw it. We’ll keep going on,’ ” said the town supervisor, Ed Lachterman.</p><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><div class="google-dfp-ad-wrapper" style="min-height: 270px;" data-min-height="270" > <div class="google-dfp-ad-caption">Advertisement</div> <div id="story-inline-1" class="google-dfp-ad injected" data-slot-name="/21787098806/web.latimes/world-nation/story_inline" data-slot-sizes="[[5, 1]]" data-ad-type="injected" data-module-targeting="{"instart": "false"}" > <span class="google-dfp-ad-placeholder"></span> </div> </div></div><p>Yorktown isn’t alone. The decision to add fluoride to drinking water rests with state and local officials, and fights are cropping up nationwide.</p><p>Communities in Florida, Texas, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming and elsewhere have debated the idea in recent months — the total number is in the dozens, with several deciding to stop adding it to drinking water, according to Fluoride Action Network, an advocacy organization against water fluoridation. In Arkansas, legislators this week filed a bill to repeal the state’s fluoridation program. </p><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><ps-promo class="promo promo-position-small promo-small" data-module-id="00000193-5f34-d05a-a5f7-df7e41ac0000" data-promotable-id="00000192-f378-d0fd-abb6-f3ff1fbb0000" data-content-type="article" data-show-img data-click="promoSmall" > <div class="promo-wrapper"> <div class="promo-media" data-click="media" ><a class="link promo-placeholder" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2024-11-03/rfk-jr-says-trump-would-push-to-remove-fluoride-from-drinking-water-its-possible-trump-says" aria-label="RFK Jr. says Trump would push to remove fluoride from drinking water. ‘It’s possible,’ Trump says" ><picture > <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/e928f5d/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/110x73!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/8abc7b7/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/180x120!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/8655893/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/320x213!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/9a5accd/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/568x379!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/fa0bcf8/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/768x512!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/aa081cd/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/840x560!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718 840w" sizes="180px" /> <img class="image" alt="Republican presidential nominee former President Donald Trump shakes hands with Robert F. Kennedy Jr., at a Turning Point Action campaign rally, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2024, in Duluth, Ga. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/1c13268/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/110x73!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/32f21f4/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/180x120!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/cf50cde/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/320x213!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/e8d4653/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/568x379!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/f7fca84/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/768x512!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/1c67b8d/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718 840w" sizes="180px" width="840" height="560" src="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/1c67b8d/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3837x2558+0+3/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fbb%2Fd9%2F7ca160ec4cc7246e817ba5c4782b%2F864edf3c8cb94826867e438d00a5d718" decoding="async" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a></div><div class="promo-content"> <div class="promo-title-container"> <p class="promo-category" data-click="category" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics">Politics</a> </p> <h3 class="promo-title" data-click="title" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2024-11-03/rfk-jr-says-trump-would-push-to-remove-fluoride-from-drinking-water-its-possible-trump-says">RFK Jr. says Trump would push to remove fluoride from drinking water. ‘It’s possible,’ Trump says</a> </h3> </div> <p class="promo-description">Trump told NBC News on Sunday that he had not spoken to Kennedy about fluoride yet, ‘but it sounds OK to me. You know it’s possible.’</p> <time class="promo-timestamp font-service font-medium text-sm text-secondary-color-6" datetime="2024-11-03T19:51:09.103Z"> <span data-element="date-time-content">Nov. 3, 2024</span> </time> </div> </div> </ps-promo></div><p>The debates have been ignited or fueled by three developments:</p><p>—In August, a federal agency reported “with moderate confidence” that there is a link between high levels of fluoride exposure — more than twice the recommended limit — and lower IQ in kids. </p><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><div class="google-dfp-ad-wrapper" style="min-height: 270px;" data-min-height="270" > <div class="google-dfp-ad-caption">Advertisement</div> <div id="story-inline-2" class="google-dfp-ad injected" data-slot-name="/21787098806/web.latimes/world-nation/story_inline" data-slot-sizes="[[2, 2], [320, 50], [300, 250], [320, 100]]" data-ad-type="injected" data-slot-ad-size-maps="[[[1024, 0], [300, 250], [2, 2]], [[0, 0], [320, 50], [2, 2], [320, 100], [300, 250]]]" data-module-targeting="{"position":"2"}" > <span class="google-dfp-ad-placeholder"></span> </div> </div></div><p>—In September, the federal judge ordered the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to further regulate fluoride in drinking water because high levels could pose a risk to the intellectual development of children.</p><p>—This month, just days before the election, <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2024-11-03/rfk-jr-says-trump-would-push-to-remove-fluoride-from-drinking-water-its-possible-trump-says">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> declared that Donald Trump would push to remove fluoride from drinking water on his first day as president. Trump later picked Kennedy to run the Department of Health and Human Services.</p><p>In Durango, Colo., there was an unsuccessful attempt to stop fluoridating the water during Trump’s first term in office. A new push came this year, as Trump saw a surge of political support.</p><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><div class="google-dfp-ad-wrapper" style="min-height: 270px;" data-min-height="270" data-render-conditions="{"requiresSubscriber":false,"requiresNonSubscriber":true}"> <div class="google-dfp-ad-caption">Advertisement</div> <div id="story-inline-3" class="google-dfp-ad injected" data-slot-name="/21787098806/web.latimes/world-nation/story_inline" data-slot-sizes="[[5, 1]]" data-ad-type="injected" data-hide-mobile="true" data-module-targeting="{"instart": "false"}" > <span class="google-dfp-ad-placeholder"></span> </div> </div></div><p>“It’s just kind of the ebb and flow of politics on the national level that ultimately affects us down here,” said city spokesman Tom Sluis.</p><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><ps-promo class="promo promo-position-small promo-small" data-module-id="00000193-5f34-d552-a9fb-df7daffb0000" data-promotable-id="00000192-3560-d09d-a596-b760c23d0000" data-content-type="article" data-show-img data-click="promoSmall" > <div class="promo-wrapper"> <div class="promo-media" data-click="media" ><a class="link promo-placeholder" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2024-09-27/fluoride-in-drinking-water-poses-enough-risk-to-merit-new-epa-action-judge-says" aria-label="Fluoride in drinking water poses enough risk to merit new EPA action, judge says" ><picture > <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/d50ea64/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/110x73!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/cfe011a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/180x120!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/1c940e1/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/320x213!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/81792d9/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/568x379!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/ba58f73/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/768x512!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/5a48bb4/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/840x560!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 840w" sizes="180px" /> <img class="image" alt="FILE - A student drinks from a water fountain at an elementary school in California on Sept. 20, 2023. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez, File)" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/9348297/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/110x73!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/713ff40/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/180x120!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/9a533c5/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/320x213!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/ebab60a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/568x379!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/95fa60f/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/768x512!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/182d8a8/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 840w" sizes="180px" width="840" height="560" src="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/182d8a8/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6" decoding="async" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a></div><div class="promo-content"> <div class="promo-title-container"> <p class="promo-category" data-click="category" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation">World & Nation</a> </p> <h3 class="promo-title" data-click="title" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2024-09-27/fluoride-in-drinking-water-poses-enough-risk-to-merit-new-epa-action-judge-says">Fluoride in drinking water poses enough risk to merit new EPA action, judge says</a> </h3> </div> <p class="promo-description">A federal judge has ordered the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to further regulate fluoride in drinking water because high levels could pose a risk to the intellectual development of children</p> <time class="promo-timestamp font-service font-medium text-sm text-secondary-color-6" datetime="2024-09-28T00:40:02.092Z"> <span data-element="date-time-content">Sept. 27, 2024</span> </time> </div> </div> </ps-promo></div><p><b>Fluoride is a public health success story, but opposition persists</b></p><p>Fluoride strengthens teeth and reduces cavities by <a class="link" href="https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/prevention/about-fluoride.html" target="_blank" >replacing minerals lost during normal wear and tear</a>, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 1950, federal officials endorsed water fluoridation to prevent tooth decay, and the addition of low levels of fluoride to drinking water has long been considered one of the greatest public health achievements of the last century.</p><p>Fluoride can come from a number of sources, but drinking water is the main source for Americans, researchers say. Nearly two-thirds of the U.S. population gets <a class="link" href="https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/php/statistics/2022-water-fluoridation-statistics.html" target="_blank" >fluoridated drinking water</a>, according to CDC data.</p><p>There is a recommended fluoridation level, but many communities exceed that, sometimes because fluoride occurs naturally at higher levels in certain water sources. </p><p>Opposition is nothing new, though for decades it was considered a fringe opinion. Adherents included conspiracy theorists who claimed fluoridation was a plot to make people submissive to government power.</p><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><div class="google-dfp-ad-wrapper" style="min-height: 270px;" data-min-height="270" data-render-conditions="{"requiresEnabledFeature":"focusMode"}"> <div class="google-dfp-ad-caption">Advertisement</div> <div id="story-inline-4" class="google-dfp-ad injected" data-slot-name="/21787098806/web.latimes/world-nation/story_inline" data-slot-sizes="[[970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90], [1680, 220], [1280, 220], [1800, 220]]" data-ad-type="injected" data-hide-mobile="true" data-slot-ad-size-maps="[[[1024, 0], [970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90], [1680, 220], [1280, 220], [1800, 220]]]" data-module-targeting="{"position":"4"}" > <span class="google-dfp-ad-placeholder"></span> </div> </div></div><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><ps-promo class="promo promo-position-small promo-small" data-module-id="00000193-5f35-d086-a79b-ffb7e5710000" data-promotable-id="00000192-f90e-d3b1-a5b6-fd1f12b00000" data-content-type="article" data-show-img data-click="promoSmall" > <div class="promo-wrapper"> <div class="promo-media" data-click="media" ><a class="link promo-placeholder" href="https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2024-11-05/rfk-comments-on-fluoride-are-latest-in-long-running-cavity-conspiracy-theories" aria-label="A Trump win could spell major changes for California’s drinking water, RFK Jr. says " ><picture > <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/29aba8f/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/110x73!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/a1bf112/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/180x120!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/612308e/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/320x213!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/6eb2d74/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/568x379!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/eb3a0f5/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/768x512!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/061accd/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/840x560!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg 840w" sizes="180px" /> <img class="image" alt="YORBA LINDA, CA - JUNE 12, 2024: Presidential candidate Robert F Kennedy Jr. speaks at the Nixon Library on June 12, 2024 in Yorba Linda, California. The speech is part of the Richard Nixon Foundation's 2024 Presidential Policy Perspective series.(Gina Ferazzi / Los Angeles Times)" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/fc9ed48/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/110x73!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/b4b21fa/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/180x120!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/522c4d7/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/320x213!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/2f578cd/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/568x379!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/3baa285/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/768x512!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/9b5c1b2/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg 840w" sizes="180px" width="840" height="560" src="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/9b5c1b2/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7434x4956+0+109/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fec%2Fac%2F299daba6426bbabd1305777e46e2%2F1459867-me-rfk-nixon-library-9-gmf.jpg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a></div><div class="promo-content"> <div class="promo-title-container"> <p class="promo-category" data-click="category" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/science">Science & Medicine</a> </p> <h3 class="promo-title" data-click="title" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2024-11-05/rfk-comments-on-fluoride-are-latest-in-long-running-cavity-conspiracy-theories">A Trump win could spell major changes for California’s drinking water, RFK Jr. says </a> </h3> </div> <p class="promo-description">Robert F. Kennedy Jr. described fluoride, which occurs naturally in all fresh water supplies, as an ‘industrial waste’ associated with various health risks.</p> <time class="promo-timestamp font-service font-medium text-sm text-secondary-color-6" datetime="2024-11-05T11:00:04.231Z"> <span data-element="date-time-content">Nov. 5, 2024</span> </time> </div> </div> </ps-promo></div><p>Health officials could point to studies that showed that cavities were less common in communities with fluoridated water, and that dental health worsened in communities without it.</p><p>But fluoride isn’t just in water. Through the years it became common in toothpaste, mouthwash and other products. And data began to emerge that there could be too much of a good thing: In 2011, officials reported that 2 out of 5 U.S. adolescents had at least mild tooth streaking or spottiness because of too much fluoride. </p><p>In 2015, the CDC recommended that communities revisit how much they were putting in the water. Beginning in 1962, the government recommended a range of 0.7 milligrams per liter for warmer climates where people drink more water to 1.2 milligrams in cooler areas. The new standard became 0.7 everywhere.</p><p>Over time, more studies pointed to a different problem: a link between higher levels of fluoride and brain development. <a class="link" href="https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/completed/fluoride" target="_blank" >The August report</a> by the federal government’s National Toxicology Program — summarizing studies conducted in Canada, China, India, Iran, Pakistan and Mexico — concluded that drinking water containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per liter was associated with lower IQs in kids.</p><p>“There’s no question that fluoride prevents cavities,” said Dr. Tom Frieden, who was director of the CDC when the agency changed the recommended fluoride levels. “There’s also no question we’re getting more fluoride than we were 50 years ago, through toothpaste and other things.” </p><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><ps-promo class="promo promo-position-small promo-small" data-module-id="00000193-5f36-d552-a9fb-df7f69990000" data-promotable-id="00000191-fee7-df3e-af95-ffe75b0f0000" data-content-type="longForm" data-show-img data-click="promoSmall" > <div class="promo-wrapper"> <div class="promo-media" data-click="media" ><a class="link promo-placeholder" href="https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2024-09-26/residents-of-this-california-beach-town-say-tijuana-river-is-poisoning-them-officials-arent-convinced" aria-label="Some in this California beach town insist the Tijuana River is poisoning them. Officials disagree" ><picture > <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/4e157cf/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/110x73!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/a5e3a9d/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/180x120!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/405d266/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/320x213!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/670f5f6/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/568x379!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/115d034/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/768x512!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/9de9d01/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/840x560!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg 840w" sizes="180px" /> <img class="image" alt="Ramon Chairez, stands a top the bridge above the Tijuana River at Saturn Boulevard." srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/12d3ebf/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/110x73!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/a37662f/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/180x120!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/d8f21b6/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/320x213!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/819451a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/568x379!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/bddeac6/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/768x512!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/29f728d/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg 840w" sizes="180px" width="840" height="560" src="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/29f728d/2147483647/strip/true/crop/7008x4672+0+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2a%2F57%2Fd6f8d1a54b92b172dfcd41cdc4d9%2Fdsc05777.jpg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a></div><div class="promo-content"> <div class="promo-title-container"> <p class="promo-category" data-click="category" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/environment">Climate & Environment</a> </p> <h3 class="promo-title" data-click="title" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2024-09-26/residents-of-this-california-beach-town-say-tijuana-river-is-poisoning-them-officials-arent-convinced">Some in this California beach town insist the Tijuana River is poisoning them. Officials disagree</a> </h3> </div> <p class="promo-description">The Tijuana River has been polluted for decades, but in recent years, south San Diego residents say the smell — and their respiratory illnesses — has gotten worse.</p> <time class="promo-timestamp font-service font-medium text-sm text-secondary-color-6" datetime="2024-09-27T23:39:42.880Z"> <span data-element="date-time-content">Sept. 27, 2024</span> </time> </div> </div> </ps-promo></div><p>Frieden said “a legitimate question” has been raised about whether fluoride affects brain development, and studies making that link “need to be looked at carefully.”</p><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><div class="google-dfp-ad-wrapper" style="min-height: 270px;" data-min-height="270" data-render-conditions="{"requiresEnabledFeature":"focusMode"}"> <div class="google-dfp-ad-caption">Advertisement</div> <div id="story-inline-5" class="google-dfp-ad injected" data-slot-name="/21787098806/web.latimes/world-nation/story_inline" data-slot-sizes="[[970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90], [1680, 220], [1280, 220], [1800, 220]]" data-ad-type="injected" data-hide-mobile="true" data-slot-ad-size-maps="[[[1024, 0], [970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90], [1680, 220], [1280, 220], [1800, 220]]]" data-module-targeting="{"position":"5"}" > <span class="google-dfp-ad-placeholder"></span> </div> </div></div><p><b>U.S. towns wrestle with what to do</b></p><p>Many people in health care strongly embrace water fluoridation. The American Dental Assn. and the American Academy of Pediatrics reaffirmed their endorsement of current CDC recommendations in the wake of the federal report and the judge’s ruling.</p><p>Colorado’s health department, which weighed in during a Nov. 5 Durango City Council meeting, said in a statement that it “seeks to align its public health recommendations with the latest scientific research. The facts of this court ruling are not sufficient” to revise current fluoridation levels.</p><p>Durango officials are waiting to see what the EPA does in reaction to the recent court decision, said Sluis, the city spokesman.</p><p>“We follow the science,” he said. “It wouldn’t be in the best interest of the city to stop fluoridation based on one judge’s interpretation.”</p><p>In Yorktown, Lachterman concluded the judge’s decision was enough to halt fluoridation. He recalled a community discussion several years ago in which most people in the room clearly favored fluoridation, but recently it seems public comment has reversed.</p><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><div class="google-dfp-ad-wrapper" style="min-height: 270px;" data-min-height="270" data-render-conditions="{"requiresEnabledFeature":"focusMode"}"> <div class="google-dfp-ad-caption">Advertisement</div> <div id="story-inline-6" class="google-dfp-ad injected" data-slot-name="/21787098806/web.latimes/world-nation/story_inline" data-slot-sizes="[[970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90], [1680, 220], [1280, 220], [1800, 220]]" data-ad-type="injected" data-hide-mobile="true" data-slot-ad-size-maps="[[[1024, 0], [970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90], [1680, 220], [1280, 220], [1800, 220]]]" data-module-targeting="{"position":"6"}" > <span class="google-dfp-ad-placeholder"></span> </div> </div></div><p>“It’s like a total 180,” he said.</p><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><ps-promo class="promo promo-position-small promo-small" data-module-id="00000193-5f39-d086-a79b-ffbb52970000" data-promotable-id="00000193-4f5a-d086-a79b-effbf3560000" data-content-type="article" data-show-img data-click="promoSmall" > <div class="promo-wrapper"> <div class="promo-media" data-click="media" ><a class="link promo-placeholder" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2024-11-22/column-trumps-anti-science-backers-go-after-water-fluoridation-a-historic-healthcare-success" aria-label="Column: Trump’s anti-science backers go after water fluoridation, a historic healthcare success" ><picture > <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/d50ea64/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/110x73!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/cfe011a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/180x120!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/1c940e1/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/320x213!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/81792d9/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/568x379!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/ba58f73/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/768x512!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/5a48bb4/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/840x560!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 840w" sizes="180px" /> <img class="image" alt="FILE - A student drinks from a water fountain at an elementary school in California on Sept. 20, 2023. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez, File)" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/9348297/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/110x73!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/713ff40/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/180x120!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/9a533c5/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/320x213!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/ebab60a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/568x379!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/95fa60f/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/768x512!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/182d8a8/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6 840w" sizes="180px" width="840" height="560" src="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/182d8a8/2147483647/strip/true/crop/8640x5760+0+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F72%2F0d%2F6cd19524403d1d389d818ebff1a6%2F18eac2b80184402c8b13bb726963fac6" decoding="async" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a></div><div class="promo-content"> <div class="promo-title-container"> <p class="promo-category" data-click="category" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/business">Business</a> </p> <h3 class="promo-title" data-click="title" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2024-11-22/column-trumps-anti-science-backers-go-after-water-fluoridation-a-historic-healthcare-success">Column: Trump’s anti-science backers go after water fluoridation, a historic healthcare success</a> </h3> </div> <p class="promo-description">Water fluoridation revolutionized dentistry, especially for children. Why does the right wing think it’s a problem?</p> <time class="promo-timestamp font-service font-medium text-sm text-secondary-color-6" datetime="2024-11-22T11:00:01.937Z"> <span data-element="date-time-content">Nov. 22, 2024</span> </time> </div> </div> </ps-promo></div><p>But not all public pressure these days is against the idea.</p><p>In September, Buffalo, N.Y., announced it would resume water fluoridation after not having it for nearly a decade. News reports had described an increase in tooth decay and families sued, seeking damages for dental costs.</p><p>The Buffalo Sewer Authority’s general manager, Oluwole McFoy declined to discuss the decision with the Associated Press, citing the litigation.</p><p>For its part, the EPA “is in the process of reviewing the district court’s decision,” spokesman Jeff Landis said this week.</p><p><b>Debates have become heated</b></p><p>In Monroe, Wis., fluoridation “has become a very hot issue,” said its mayor, Donna Douglas.</p><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><ps-promo class="promo promo-position-small promo-small" data-module-id="00000193-5f3a-dd61-abff-dfbb1df80000" data-promotable-id="0000018f-890a-dd5e-a9ff-9faeca340000" data-content-type="article" data-show-img data-click="promoSmall" > <div class="promo-wrapper"> <div class="promo-media" data-click="media" ><a class="link promo-placeholder" href="https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2024-05-20/pregnant-researchers-want-you-to-know-about-fluoride" aria-label="Pregnant? Researchers want you to know something about fluoride" ><picture > <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/1d4c2fa/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/110x73!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/d78c9da/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/180x120!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/dae7512/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/320x213!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/8d22540/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/568x379!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/c892781/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/768x512!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/33f1321/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/840x560!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg 840w" sizes="180px" /> <img class="image" alt="Photo illustration of a young pregnant woman holding her baby bump" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/a062b4e/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/110x73!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/5b2bb5a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/180x120!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/25c83c0/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/320x213!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/971b982/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/568x379!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/e4aba7a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/768x512!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/a477a6f/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg 840w" sizes="180px" width="840" height="560" src="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/a477a6f/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3999x2666+0+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F38%2Fc6%2F167479444812986a52dae71dbb5d%2Fgettyimages-1231407649.jpg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a></div><div class="promo-content"> <div class="promo-title-container"> <p class="promo-category" data-click="category" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/science">Science & Medicine</a> </p> <h3 class="promo-title" data-click="title" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2024-05-20/pregnant-researchers-want-you-to-know-about-fluoride">Pregnant? Researchers want you to know something about fluoride</a> </h3> </div> <p class="promo-description">Elevated prenatal exposure to fluoride was associated with increased risk of neurobehavioral problems in 3-year-olds, according to a study of children in Los Angeles. </p> <time class="promo-timestamp font-service font-medium text-sm text-secondary-color-6" datetime="2024-05-20T17:36:51.664Z"> <span data-element="date-time-content">May 20, 2024</span> </time> </div> </div> </ps-promo></div><p>The small city, near Madison, started fluoridating its drinking water in the early 1960s. But in the late summer, some residents began calling and emailing Douglas, saying she needed to do something about what they saw as a public health danger. The first call “was more like a threat,” she recalled.</p><div class="enhancement" data-click="enhancement" data-align-center ><div class="google-dfp-ad-wrapper" style="min-height: 270px;" data-min-height="270" data-render-conditions="{"requiresEnabledFeature":"focusMode"}"> <div class="google-dfp-ad-caption">Advertisement</div> <div id="story-inline-7" class="google-dfp-ad injected" data-slot-name="/21787098806/web.latimes/world-nation/story_inline" data-slot-sizes="[[970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90], [1680, 220], [1280, 220], [1800, 220]]" data-ad-type="injected" data-hide-mobile="true" data-slot-ad-size-maps="[[[1024, 0], [970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90], [1680, 220], [1280, 220], [1800, 220]]]" data-module-targeting="{"position":"7"}" > <span class="google-dfp-ad-placeholder"></span> </div> </div></div><p>Douglas said she did not take a position on whether to stop, but decided to raise it to the city council for discussion. The discussions were unusually emotional.</p><p>Few people tend to speak during public comment sessions at council meetings, said Douglas. But more than two dozen people spoke at a city council meeting last month, most of them in favor of fluoridation. At a subsequent meeting, about a dozen more people — all opposed to fluoridation — came out to speak.</p><p>“This is the first time we’ve had any debates at all” like this, Douglas said. “I didn’t realize it would be such a heated discussion.”</p><p><i>Stobbe writes for the Associated Press. 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src="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/b9cc581/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3357x2238+122+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F76%2F49%2F5fc1c5c343b5952cd22006984d9d%2F1378262-me-delta-tunnel-project-11-brv.jpg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a></div><div class="promo-content"> <div class="promo-title-container"> <p class="promo-category" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/environment">Climate & Environment</a> </p> <h3 class="promo-title" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2024-11-21/mwd-set-to-vote-on-141-million-for-delta-tunnel">California water agency considers spending $141 million on Delta tunnel project</a> </h3> </div> <time class="promo-timestamp font-service font-medium text-sm text-secondary-color-6" datetime="2024-11-21T11:00:33.648Z"> <span data-element="date-time-content">Nov. 21, 2024</span> </time> </div> </div> </ps-promo> </li> <li 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The Hoover Dam stands in front of Lake Mead, where white surfaces on the lake's rocky edges show how low water levels have dropped due to persistent and worsening drought conditions for more than a decade. With a current level of about 1,055 feet, Lake Mead is at its lowest point in history even as its continues to supply water to more than 20 people in the lower basin of the Colorado River. With little snowmelt and rain flowing into the lake, the historic dam's hydroelectric generating machinery could become obsolete. 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How long can this global love affair last? " ><picture > <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/1e1ed23/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/110x73!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/3173f8a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/180x120!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/c92ad0f/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/320x213!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/2afa403/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/568x379!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/0f888e8/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/768x512!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/16d5831/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/840x560!/format/webp/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685 840w" sizes="180px" /> <img class="image" alt="CHONBURI, THAILAND - NOVEMBER 11: Moo Deng attacks a bucket in her enclosure at the Khao Kheow Open Zoo on November 11, 2024 in Pattaya, Thailand. Moo Deng, a pygmy hippo born on July 10, 2024, at Thailand's Khao Kheow Open Zoo, became a global viral sensation, drawing thousands of visitors daily and boosting the local economy. Her popularity led the zoo to sell Moo Deng-themed merchandise, partner with Thai brands, and limit visitor time to just 5 minutes to reduce wait times. "Moo Deng," meaning "bouncy pork" in Thai, reflects the baby hippo's feisty nature. (Photo by Lauren DeCicca/Getty Images)" srcset="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/7eccfe1/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/110x73!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/96e2f6f/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/180x120!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/dc62f31/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/320x213!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/716b708/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/568x379!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/401cec3/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/768x512!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/c6f91da/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685 840w" sizes="180px" width="840" height="560" src="https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/c6f91da/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6000x4000+0+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F39%2F71681c364ee0ba00a749696b124a%2Fhttps-delivery-gettyimages.com%2Fdownloads%2F2184147685" decoding="async" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a></div><div class="promo-content"> <div class="promo-title-container"> <p class="promo-category" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation">World & Nation</a> </p> <h3 class="promo-title" > <a class="link" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2024-11-25/moo-deng-baby-pygmy-hippo-thailand-social-media-celebrity">Moo Deng is a worldwide phenomenon. 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