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class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Adriatic Charter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adriatic_Charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland_and_Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland_and_Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Finland and Sweden </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland_and_Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_table_and_map" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_table_and_map"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Summary table and map </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_table_and_map-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criteria_and_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criteria_and_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Criteria and process </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criteria_and_process-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criteria and process subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criteria_and_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Article_10_and_the_Open_Door_Policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_10_and_the_Open_Door_Policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Article 10 and the Open Door Policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_10_and_the_Open_Door_Policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership_Action_Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership_Action_Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Membership Action Plan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership_Action_Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intensified_dialogue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intensified_dialogue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Intensified dialogue </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intensified_dialogue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aspiring_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspiring_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Aspiring members </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aspiring_members-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aspiring members subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aspiring_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bosnia_and_Herzegovina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Georgia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership_debates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership_debates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Membership debates </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Membership_debates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Membership debates subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Membership_debates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Austria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Cyprus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosovo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosovo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Kosovo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosovo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Malta </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moldova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moldova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Moldova </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moldova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Serbia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_proposals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_proposals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Other proposals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_proposals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Enlargement of NATO</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" > 23 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="توسع الناتو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توسع الناتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro%C5%A1irenje_NATO-a" title="Proširenje NATO-a – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Proširenje NATO-a" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehangu_NATO" title="Ehangu NATO – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ehangu NATO" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO-Erweiterung" title="NATO-Erweiterung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="NATO-Erweiterung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9D%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%9F" title="Διεύρυνση του ΝΑΤΟ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεύρυνση του ΝΑΤΟ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampliaci%C3%B3n_de_la_OTAN" title="Ampliación de la OTAN – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ampliación de la OTAN" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATOren_zabalpena" title="NATOren zabalpena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="NATOren zabalpena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="گسترش ناتو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گسترش ناتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89largissement_de_l%27OTAN" title="Élargissement de l'OTAN – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élargissement de l'OTAN" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D4%B1%D5%8F%D5%95-%D5%AB_%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="ՆԱՏՕ-ի ընդլայնում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ՆԱՏՕ-ի ընդլայնում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perluasan_NATO" title="Perluasan NATO – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perluasan NATO" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronologia_della_NATO" title="Cronologia della NATO – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cronologia della NATO" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E" title="Проширување на НАТО – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Проширување на НАТО" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perluasan_NATO" title="Perluasan NATO – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perluasan NATO" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E3%81%AE%E6%8B%A1%E5%A4%A7" title="北大西洋条約機構の拡大 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="北大西洋条約機構の拡大" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BC%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="د ناټو پراخونه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ناټو پراخونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expans%C3%A3o_da_OTAN" title="Expansão da OTAN – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Expansão da OTAN" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E" title="Расширение НАТО – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Расширение НАТО" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86" title="فراوانبوونی ناتۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فراوانبوونی ناتۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO%27nun_geni%C5%9Flemesi" title="NATO'nun genişlemesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="NATO'nun genişlemesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E" title="Розширення НАТО – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Розширення НАТО" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%B1_m%E1%BB%9F_r%E1%BB%99ng_c%E1%BB%A7a_NATO" title="Sự mở rộng của NATO – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sự mở rộng của NATO" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E6%93%B4%E5%BC%B5" title="北約擴張 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="北約擴張" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Collective geopolitical action by NATO states</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the present composition of NATO, see <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO" title="Member states of NATO">Member states of NATO</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:History_of_NATO_enlargement_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An animation showing the year and location of counties as they joined the alliance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/History_of_NATO_enlargement_animation.gif/330px-History_of_NATO_enlargement_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/History_of_NATO_enlargement_animation.gif/495px-History_of_NATO_enlargement_animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/History_of_NATO_enlargement_animation.gif/660px-History_of_NATO_enlargement_animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Chronology of membership of the European portion of NATO</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Military_alliance" title="Military alliance">military alliance</a> of <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO" title="Member states of NATO">thirty-two European and North American countries</a> that constitutes a system of <a href="/wiki/Collective_security#Collective_defense" title="Collective security">collective defense</a>. The process of joining the alliance is governed by Article 10 of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a>, which allows for the invitation of "other European States" only and by subsequent agreements. Countries wishing to join must meet certain requirements and complete a multi-step process involving political dialogue and military integration. The accession process is overseen by the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Council" title="North Atlantic Council">North Atlantic Council</a>, NATO's governing body. NATO was formed in 1949 with <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty#Founding_members" title="North Atlantic Treaty">twelve founding members</a> and has added new members ten times. The first additions were <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey_in_NATO" title="Turkey in NATO">Turkey</a> in 1952. In May 1955, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> joined NATO, which was one of the conditions agreed to as part of the end of the country's occupation by France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, prompting the Soviet Union to form its own collective security alliance (commonly called the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a>) later that month. Following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Franco regime</a>, newly democratic <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> chose to join NATO in 1982. In 1990, the negotiators reached an agreement that a <a href="/wiki/Reunified_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunified Germany">reunified Germany</a> would be in NATO under West Germany's existing membership. Following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> in 1991, many former Warsaw Pact and <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet states</a> sought to join NATO. <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> became NATO members in 1999, amid much debate within NATO itself. NATO then formalized the process of joining the organization with "Membership Action Plans", which aided the accession of seven <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a> countries shortly before the <a href="/wiki/2004_Istanbul_summit" title="2004 Istanbul summit">2004 Istanbul summit</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>. Two countries on the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>—<a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>—joined on 1 April 2009 before the <a href="/wiki/2009_Strasbourg%E2%80%93Kehl_summit" title="2009 Strasbourg–Kehl summit">2009 Strasbourg–Kehl summit</a>. The next member states to join NATO were <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> on 5 June 2017, and <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> on 27 March 2020. <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia invaded Ukraine</a> in 2022 after Russia's president, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Allegations_of_NATO_aggression" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">falsely claimed</a> that NATO military infrastructure was being built up inside Ukraine and that Ukraine's potential future membership was a threat. Russia's invasion prompted <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> to apply for NATO membership in May 2022.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> Finland joined on 4 April 2023, and Sweden joined on 7 March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-newsweek_2022-06-29-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-france24_2022-07-05-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> applied for NATO membership in September 2022 after Russia proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">annexation of its territory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> Two other states have formally informed NATO of their membership aspirations: <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> also aspires to join NATO.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_2022-02-27-6">[6]</a> Joining the alliance is a debated topic in several other European countries outside the alliance, including <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Past_enlargements">Past enlargements</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Past enlargements">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO" title="Member states of NATO">Member states of NATO</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cold War">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27106-0001,_Paris,_Verhandlungen_%C3%BCber_NATO-Beitritt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four men stand behind podiums with their country names of France, Germany, United Kingdom, and United States, in front of a backdrop of the Eiffel Tower." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27106-0001%2C_Paris%2C_Verhandlungen_%C3%BCber_NATO-Beitritt.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27106-0001%2C_Paris%2C_Verhandlungen_%C3%BCber_NATO-Beitritt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27106-0001%2C_Paris%2C_Verhandlungen_%C3%BCber_NATO-Beitritt.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27106-0001%2C_Paris%2C_Verhandlungen_%C3%BCber_NATO-Beitritt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27106-0001%2C_Paris%2C_Verhandlungen_%C3%BCber_NATO-Beitritt.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27106-0001%2C_Paris%2C_Verhandlungen_%C3%BCber_NATO-Beitritt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/London_and_Paris_Conferences" title="London and Paris Conferences">Negotiations in London and Paris</a> in 1954 ended the <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">allied occupation</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> and allowed for its rearmament as a NATO member.</figcaption></figure> Twelve countries were part of NATO at the time of its founding: <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Netherlands">the Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. The start of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1947%E2%80%931953)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold War (1947–1953)">Cold War between 1947 and 1953</a> saw an ideological and economic divide between the capitalist states of Western Europe backed by United States with its <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a>, and the communist states of Eastern Europe, backed by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. As such, opposition to Soviet-style communism became a defining characteristic of the organization and the <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a> governments of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, which had just fought a <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">civil war</a> against a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Army_of_Greece" title="Democratic Army of Greece">pro-communist army</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, whose newly-elected <a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Turkey,_1946%E2%80%931961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961)">Democrat Party</a> were staunchly pro-American, came under internal and external pressure to join the alliance, which both did in February 1952.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The US, France, and the UK initially agreed to end <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">its occupation of Germany</a> in May 1952 under the <a href="/wiki/Bonn%E2%80%93Paris_conventions" title="Bonn–Paris conventions">Bonn–Paris conventions</a> on the condition that the new Federal Republic of Germany, commonly called <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, would join NATO, because of concerns about allowing a non-aligned West Germany <a href="/wiki/West_German_rearmament" title="West German rearmament">to rearm</a>. The allies also dismissed <a href="/wiki/Stalin_Note" title="Stalin Note">Soviet proposals</a> of a neutral-but-united Germany as insincere.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> France, however, delayed the start of the process, in part on the condition that a <a href="/wiki/1955_Saar_Statute_referendum" title="1955 Saar Statute referendum">referendum be held in Saar</a> on its future status, and a revised treaty was signed on 23 October 1954, allowing the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Council" title="North Atlantic Council">North Atlantic Council</a> to formally invite West Germany. Ratification of its membership was completed in May 1955.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> That month the Soviet Union established its own collective defense alliance, commonly called the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a>, in part as a response to West German membership in NATO.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In 1966, French president Charles de Gaulle announced the withdrawal of French forces from the integrated military structure of the NATO and ordered the removal of all foreign NATO forces from French territory.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> In 1974, Greece suspended its NATO membership over the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a>, but rejoined in 1980 with Turkey's cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Relations between NATO members and <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain under dictator Francisco Franco</a> were strained for many years, in large part because Franco had cooperated with the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Though staunchly anti-communist, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a> reportedly feared in 1955 that a Spanish application for NATO membership might be vetoed by its members at the time.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Franco however did sign regular defense agreements with individual members, including the 1953 <a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid" title="Pact of Madrid">Pact of Madrid</a> with the United States, which allowed their use of air and naval bases in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagone2009439-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cooley-19">[19]</a> Following Franco's death in 1975, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> began a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">transition to democracy</a>, and came under international pressure to normalize relations with other western democracies. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a>, first elected in 1976, proceeded carefully on relations with NATO because of divisions in <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Democratic_Centre_(Spain)" title="Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)">his coalition</a> over the US's use of Spanish bases. In February 1981, following <a href="/wiki/1981_Spanish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt">a failed coup attempt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Calvo-Sotelo" title="Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo">Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo</a> became Prime Minister and campaigned strongly for NATO membership, in part to improve civilian control over the military, and Spain's NATO membership was approved in May 1982.<a href="#cite_note-Cooley-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> A <a href="/wiki/1986_Spanish_NATO_membership_referendum" title="1986 Spanish NATO membership referendum">Spanish referendum in 1986</a> confirmed popular support for remaining in NATO.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagone2009385–386-21">[21]</a> During the mid-1980s the strength and cohesion of the Warsaw Pact, which had served as the main institution rivaling NATO, began to deteriorate. By 1989 the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> was unable to stem the democratic and nationalist movements which were rapidly gaining ground. <a href="/wiki/1989_Polish_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1989 Polish legislative election">Poland held multiparty elections</a> in June 1989 that ousted the Soviet allied <a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">Polish Workers' Party</a> and the peaceful opening of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a> that November symbolized the end of the Warsaw Pact as a way of enforcing Soviet control. The <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">fall of the Berlin Wall</a> is recognized to be the end of the Cold War and ushered in a new period for Europe and NATO enlargement.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_reunification">German reunification</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: German reunification">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083821-0005,_Bonn,_Ausw%C3%A4rtiges_Amt,_2-4_Verhandlungen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Eight men in suits stand in a hall facing forward." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083821-0005%2C_Bonn%2C_Ausw%C3%A4rtiges_Amt%2C_2-4_Verhandlungen.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083821-0005%2C_Bonn%2C_Ausw%C3%A4rtiges_Amt%2C_2-4_Verhandlungen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083821-0005%2C_Bonn%2C_Ausw%C3%A4rtiges_Amt%2C_2-4_Verhandlungen.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083821-0005%2C_Bonn%2C_Ausw%C3%A4rtiges_Amt%2C_2-4_Verhandlungen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083821-0005%2C_Bonn%2C_Ausw%C3%A4rtiges_Amt%2C_2-4_Verhandlungen.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083821-0005%2C_Bonn%2C_Ausw%C3%A4rtiges_Amt%2C_2-4_Verhandlungen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hans-Dietrich_Genscher" title="Hans-Dietrich Genscher">Hans-Dietrich Genscher</a> and other negotiators during the first round of talks for the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Two Plus Four Treaty</a></figcaption></figure> Negotiations to <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">reunite East and West Germany</a> took place throughout 1990, resulting in the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Two Plus Four Treaty</a> in September 1990 and East Germany officially joining the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990. To secure Soviet approval of a united Germany remaining in NATO, the treaty prohibited foreign troops and nuclear weapons from being stationed in the former East Germany,<a href="#cite_note-Sarotte_2014-23">[23]</a> though an addendum signed by all parties specified that foreign NATO troops could be deployed east of the Cold War line after the Soviet departure at the discretion of the government of a united Germany permitting NATO's enlargement to the east.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> There is no mention of NATO expansion into any other country in the September–October 1990 agreements on German reunification.<a href="#cite_note-Baker-26">[26]</a> Whether or not representatives from NATO member states informally committed to not enlarge NATO into other parts of Eastern Europe during these and contemporary negotiations with Soviet counterparts has long been a matter of dispute among historians and international relations scholars.<a href="#cite_note-Trachtenberg-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shifrinson_2016-28">[28]</a> With several countries threatening to withdraw from the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a>, the Soviet military relinquished control of the organization in March 1991, allowing it to be formally dissolved that July.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The so-called "<a href="/wiki/Parade_of_sovereignties" title="Parade of sovereignties">parade of sovereignties</a>" declared by republics in the Baltic and Caucasus regions of the Soviet Union and their <a href="/wiki/War_of_Laws" title="War of Laws">War of Laws</a> with the government in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> further fractured its cohesion. Following the failure of the <a href="/wiki/New_Union_Treaty" title="New Union Treaty">New Union Treaty</a>, the leadership of the remaining constituent republics of the Soviet Union, starting with <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Ukraine" title="Declaration of Independence of Ukraine">Ukraine in August 1991</a>, declared their independence and initiated the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, which was completed in December of that year. <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, led by President <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a>, became the most prominent of the independent states.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The Westernization trend of many former Soviet allied states led them to privatize their economies and formalize their relationships with NATO countries, the first step for many towards European integration and possible NATO membership.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boris_Yeltsin_in_the_State_Duma_(1997-12-05).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An older white male in a dark suit speaks at a wide wooden podium." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Boris_Yeltsin_in_the_State_Duma_%281997-12-05%29.jpg/220px-Boris_Yeltsin_in_the_State_Duma_%281997-12-05%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Boris_Yeltsin_in_the_State_Duma_%281997-12-05%29.jpg/330px-Boris_Yeltsin_in_the_State_Duma_%281997-12-05%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Boris_Yeltsin_in_the_State_Duma_%281997-12-05%29.jpg/440px-Boris_Yeltsin_in_the_State_Duma_%281997-12-05%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="844" /></a><figcaption>In December 1997, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> described NATO expansion as a threat to Russia.</figcaption></figure> By August 1993, Polish President <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> was actively campaigning for his country to join NATO, at which time Yeltsin reportedly told him that Russia did not perceive its membership in NATO as a threat to his country. Yeltsin however retracted this informal declaration the following month,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> writing that expansion "would violate the spirit of the treaty on the final settlement" which "precludes the option of expanding the NATO zone into the East."<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-russia_beyond_2014-10-16-36">[36]</a> During one of <a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a>'s 1990 talks with Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>, Baker did suggest that the German reunification negotiations could have resulted in an agreement whereby "there would be no extension of NATO's jurisdiction for forces of NATO one inch to the east,"<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> and historians like Mark Kramer have interpreted it as applying, at least in certain Soviet representatives' understanding, to all of Eastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shifrinson_2016-28">[28]</a> Gorbachev later stated that NATO expansion was "not discussed at all" in 1990,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> but, like Yeltsin, described the expansion of NATO past East Germany as "a violation of the spirit of the statements and assurances made to us in 1990."<a href="#cite_note-Baker-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-russia_beyond_2014-10-16-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pifer-41">[41]</a> This view, that informal assurances were given by diplomats from NATO members to the Soviet Union in 1990, is common in countries like Russia,<a href="#cite_note-Shifrinson_2016-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sarotte_2014-23">[23]</a> and, according to political scientist <a href="/wiki/Marc_Trachtenberg" title="Marc Trachtenberg">Marc Trachtenberg</a>, available evidence suggests that allegations made since then by Russian leadership about the existence of such assurances "were by no means baseless."<a href="#cite_note-Trachtenberg-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Yeltsin was succeeded in 2000 by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, who further promoted the idea that guarantees about enlargement were made in 1990, including during <a href="/wiki/Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich speech of Vladimir Putin">a 2007 speech in Munich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pifer-41">[41]</a> This impression was later used by him as part of his justification for <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russia's 2014 actions in Ukraine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baker-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visegrád_Group">Visegrád Group</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Visegrád Group">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foundation_of_the_Visegr%C3%A1d_Group.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three men in dark suits sit at a table covered in a red tablecloth signing documents, around them stand others in dark suits." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Foundation_of_the_Visegr%C3%A1d_Group.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Foundation_of_the_Visegr%C3%A1d_Group.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Foundation_of_the_Visegr%C3%A1d_Group.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Foundation_of_the_Visegr%C3%A1d_Group.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Foundation_of_the_Visegr%C3%A1d_Group.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Foundation_of_the_Visegr%C3%A1d_Group.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Antall" title="József Antall">József Antall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> signed the treaty establishing the <a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group</a> in February 1991.</figcaption></figure> In February 1991, Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia formed the <a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group</a> to push for <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a> under the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and NATO, as well as to conduct military reforms in line with NATO standards. Internal NATO reaction to these former <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> countries was initially negative, but by the <a href="/wiki/1991_Rome_summit" title="1991 Rome summit">1991 Rome summit</a> in November, members agreed to a series of goals that could lead to accession, such as market and democratic liberalization, and that NATO should be a partner in these efforts. Debate within the American government as to whether enlargement of NATO was feasible or desirable began during the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">George H.W. Bush administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shifrinson_2020_b-45">[45]</a> By mid-1992, a consensus emerged within the administration that NATO enlargement was a wise <a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">realpolitik</a> measure to strengthen Euro-American hegemony.<a href="#cite_note-Shifrinson_2020_b-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In the absence of NATO enlargement, Bush administration officials worried that the European Union might fill the security vacuum in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, and thus challenge American post-Cold War influence.<a href="#cite_note-Shifrinson_2020_b-45">[45]</a> There was further debate during the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Presidency of Bill Clinton</a> between a rapid offer of full membership to several select countries versus a slower, more limited membership to a wide range of states over a longer time span. Victory by the Republican Party, which advocated for aggressive expansion, in the <a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1994 United States House of Representatives elections">1994 US congressional election</a> helped sway US policy in favor of wider full-membership enlargement, which the US ultimately pursued in the following years.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In 1996, Clinton called for former Warsaw Pact countries and post-Soviet republics to join NATO, and made NATO enlargement a part of his foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> That year, Russian leaders like Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kozyrev" title="Andrei Kozyrev">Andrei Kozyrev</a> indicated their country's opposition to NATO enlargement.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> While Russian President Boris Yeltsin did sign <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations#Founding_Act_on_Mutual_Relations,_Cooperation_and_Security" title="Russia–NATO relations">an agreement with NATO</a> in May 1997 that included text referring to new membership, he clearly described NATO expansion as "unacceptable" and a threat to Russian security in his December 1997 National Security Blueprint.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Russian military actions, including the <a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a>, were among the factors driving <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern European</a> countries, particularly those with memories of similar Soviet offensives, to push for NATO application and ensure their long-term security.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Political parties reluctant to move on NATO membership were voted out of office, including the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Socialist_Party" title="Bulgarian Socialist Party">Bulgarian Socialist Party</a> in 1997 and Slovak <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Movement_for_a_Democratic_Slovakia" title="People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia">HZDS</a> in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarany2003190,_48–50-53">[53]</a> Hungary's interest in joining was confirmed by a <a href="/wiki/1997_Hungarian_NATO_membership_referendum" title="1997 Hungarian NATO membership referendum">November 1997 referendum</a> that returned 85.3% in favor of membership.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> During this period, wider forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its eastern neighbors were set up, including the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Cooperation_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Cooperation Council">North Atlantic Cooperation Council</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidLevesque1999200–201-55">[55]</a> While the other Visegrád members were invited to join NATO at its <a href="/wiki/1997_Madrid_summit" title="1997 Madrid summit">1997 Madrid summit</a>, Slovakia was excluded based on what several members considered undemocratic actions by nationalist Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_Me%C4%8Diar" title="Vladimír Mečiar">Vladimír Mečiar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGheciu200572-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> were both considered for invitation in 1997, and each had the backing of a prominent NATO member, France and Italy respectively, but support for this enlargement was not unanimous between members, nor within individual governments, including in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">US Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarany200323–25-57">[57]</a> In an open letter to US President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, more than forty foreign policy experts including <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley" title="Bill Bradley">Bill Bradley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Sam Nunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Hart" title="Gary Hart">Gary Hart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nitze" title="Paul Nitze">Paul Nitze</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> expressed their concerns about NATO expansion as both expensive and unnecessary given the lack of an external threat from Russia at that time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarany200316–18-58">[58]</a> Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic officially joined NATO in March 1999.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vilnius_Group">Vilnius Group</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vilnius Group">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bulgaria%2C_Estonia%2C_Latvia%2C_Lithuania%2C_Romania%2C_Slovakia%2C_and_Slovenia_Join_NATO_DOD_106625793-5d3e18a1d58aa.webm/220px-seek%3D425-Bulgaria%2C_Estonia%2C_Latvia%2C_Lithuania%2C_Romania%2C_Slovakia%2C_and_Slovenia_Join_NATO_DOD_106625793-5d3e18a1d58aa.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="626" data-mwtitle="Bulgaria,_Estonia,_Latvia,_Lithuania,_Romania,_Slovakia,_and_Slovenia_Join_NATO_DOD_106625793-5d3e18a1d58aa.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bulgaria,_Estonia,_Latvia,_Lithuania,_Romania,_Slovakia,_and_Slovenia_Join_NATO_DOD_106625793-5d3e18a1d58aa.webm"><source 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Bulgaria%2C_Estonia%2C_Latvia%2C_Lithuania%2C_Romania%2C_Slovakia%2C_and_Slovenia_Join_NATO_DOD_106625793-5d3e18a1d58aa.webm/Bulgaria%2C_Estonia%2C_Latvia%2C_Lithuania%2C_Romania%2C_Slovakia%2C_and_Slovenia_Join_NATO_DOD_106625793-5d3e18a1d58aa.webm.360p.vp9.webm#t=00:00:14" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Bulgaria%2C_Estonia%2C_Latvia%2C_Lithuania%2C_Romania%2C_Slovakia%2C_and_Slovenia_Join_NATO_DOD_106625793-5d3e18a1d58aa.webm/Bulgaria%2C_Estonia%2C_Latvia%2C_Lithuania%2C_Romania%2C_Slovakia%2C_and_Slovenia_Join_NATO_DOD_106625793-5d3e18a1d58aa.webm.360p.webm#t=00:00:14" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>US President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> at the NATO Accession Ceremony for Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia</figcaption></figure> At the <a href="/wiki/1999_Washington_summit" title="1999 Washington summit">1999 Washington summit</a> NATO issued new guidelines for membership with individualized "<a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plans</a>" for <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia in order to standardize the process for new members.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolchikCurry2011148-60">[60]</a> In May 2000, these countries joined with <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Group" title="Vilnius Group">Vilnius Group</a> in order to cooperate and lobby for common NATO membership, and by the <a href="/wiki/2002_Prague_summit" title="2002 Prague summit">2002 Prague summit</a> seven were invited for membership, which took place at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Istanbul_summit" title="2004 Istanbul summit">2004 Istanbul summit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_2014-09-02-61">[61]</a> Slovenia had held <a href="/wiki/2003_Slovenian_European_Union_and_NATO_membership_referendum" title="2003 Slovenian European Union and NATO membership referendum">a referendum on NATO</a> the previous year, with 66% approving of membership.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Russia was particularly upset with the addition of the three <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a>, the first countries that were part of the Soviet Union to join NATO.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc_2014-09-02-61">[61]</a> Russian troops had been stationed in Baltic states as late as 1995,<a href="#cite_note-Banka-64">[64]</a> but the goals of European integration and NATO membership were very attractive for the Baltic states.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Rapid investments in their own armed forces showed a seriousness in their desire for membership, and participation in NATO-led post-9/11 operations, particularly by Estonia in Afghanistan, won the three countries key support from individuals like US Senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>, French President <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a>, and German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Banka-64">[64]</a> A 2006 study in the journal <a href="/wiki/Security_Studies_(journal)" title="Security Studies (journal)">Security Studies</a> argued that the NATO enlargements in 1999 and 2004 contributed to democratic consolidation in Central and Eastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adriatic_Charter">Adriatic Charter</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Adriatic Charter">edit</a>]</div> Croatia also started a Membership Action Plan at the 2002 summit, but was not included in the 2004 enlargement. In May 2003, it joined with <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> and Macedonia to form the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Charter" title="Adriatic Charter">Adriatic Charter</a> to support each other in their pursuit of membership.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Croatia's prospect of membership sparked a national debate on whether a referendum on NATO membership needed to be held before joining the organization. Croatian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Sanader" title="Ivo Sanader">Ivo Sanader</a> ultimately agreed in January 2008, as part of forming a coalition government with the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">HSS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a> parties, not to officially propose one.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Albania and Croatia were invited to join NATO at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Bucharest_summit" title="2008 Bucharest summit">2008 Bucharest summit</a> that April, though Slovenia threatened to hold up Croatian membership over <a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Slovenia_border_disputes" title="Croatia–Slovenia border disputes">their border dispute</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Piran" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Piran">Bay of Piran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Slovenia did ratify Croatia's accession protocol in February 2009,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> before Croatia and Albania both officially joined NATO just before the <a href="/wiki/2009_Strasbourg%E2%80%93Kehl_summit" title="2009 Strasbourg–Kehl summit">2009 Strasbourg–Kehl summit</a>, with little opposition from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> declared independence on 3 June 2006; the new country subsequently joined the Partnership for Peace program at the <a href="/wiki/2006_Riga_summit" title="2006 Riga summit">2006 Riga summit</a> and then applied for a Membership Action Plan on 5 November 2008,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> which was granted in December 2009.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Montenegro also began full membership with the Adriatic Charter of NATO aspirants in May 2009.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> NATO formally invited Montenegro to join the alliance on 2 December 2015,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> with negotiations concluding in May 2016;<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Montenegro joined NATO on 5 June 2017.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_2021_NATO_Summit_2021_-14.06.2021-_(51246906503).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two adult white men in dark suits signing documents on an outdoor table in front of two other men similarly dressed and two flags." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_2021_NATO_Summit_2021_-14.06.2021-_%2851246906503%29.jpg/220px-%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_2021_NATO_Summit_2021_-14.06.2021-_%2851246906503%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_2021_NATO_Summit_2021_-14.06.2021-_%2851246906503%29.jpg/330px-%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_2021_NATO_Summit_2021_-14.06.2021-_%2851246906503%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_2021_NATO_Summit_2021_-14.06.2021-_%2851246906503%29.jpg/440px-%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_2021_NATO_Summit_2021_-14.06.2021-_%2851246906503%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1467" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Zaev" title="Zoran Zaev">Zoran Zaev</a> supported the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Prespa_Agreement" title="Prespa Agreement">Prespa Agreement</a>, which allowed <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> to complete accession to NATO.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Macedonia</a> joined the <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> in 1995, and commenced its <a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plan</a> in 1999, at the same time as <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/2008_Bucharest_summit" title="2008 Bucharest summit">2008 Bucharest summit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> blocked a proposed invitation because it believed that the official name it was using at the time, "Republic of Macedonia," implied territorial aspirations toward its own region of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Macedonia (Greece)">Greek Macedonia</a>. NATO nations agreed that the country would receive an invitation upon resolution of the <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">Macedonia naming dispute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Macedonia sued Greece at the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> (ICJ) over Greece's veto of Macedonia's NATO membership. Macedonia was part of the <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Group" title="Vilnius Group">Vilnius Group</a>, and had formed the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Charter" title="Adriatic Charter">Adriatic Charter</a> with Croatia and Albania in 2003 to better coordinate NATO accession.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThiele200573–74-80">[80]</a> In June 2017, Macedonian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Zaev" title="Zoran Zaev">Zoran Zaev</a> signaled he would consider alternative names for the country in order to strike a compromise with Greece, settle the naming dispute and lift Greek objections to Macedonia joining the alliance. The naming dispute was resolved with the <a href="/wiki/Prespa_Agreement" title="Prespa Agreement">Prespa Agreement</a> in June 2018 under which the country adopted the name North Macedonia, which was supported by <a href="/wiki/2018_Macedonian_referendum" title="2018 Macedonian referendum">a referendum</a> in September 2018. NATO invited North Macedonia to begin membership talks on 11 July 2018;<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> formal accession talks began on 18 October 2018.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> NATO's members signed North Macedonia's accession protocol on 6 February 2019.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Most countries ratified the accession treaty in 2019, with <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> ratifying its accession protocol in March 2020.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_North_Macedonia" title="Assembly of North Macedonia">Sobranie</a> also ratified the treaty unanimously on 11 February 2020,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> before North Macedonia became a NATO member state on 27 March 2020.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland_and_Sweden">Finland and Sweden</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Finland and Sweden">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">Finland–NATO relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">Sweden–NATO relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Sanna_Marin_tapasi_Naton_p%C3%A4%C3%A4sihteeri_Jens_Stoltenbergin_25.10.2021._(51628817943).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/P%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Sanna_Marin_tapasi_Naton_p%C3%A4%C3%A4sihteeri_Jens_Stoltenbergin_25.10.2021._%2851628817943%29.jpg/220px-P%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Sanna_Marin_tapasi_Naton_p%C3%A4%C3%A4sihteeri_Jens_Stoltenbergin_25.10.2021._%2851628817943%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/P%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Sanna_Marin_tapasi_Naton_p%C3%A4%C3%A4sihteeri_Jens_Stoltenbergin_25.10.2021._%2851628817943%29.jpg/330px-P%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Sanna_Marin_tapasi_Naton_p%C3%A4%C3%A4sihteeri_Jens_Stoltenbergin_25.10.2021._%2851628817943%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/P%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Sanna_Marin_tapasi_Naton_p%C3%A4%C3%A4sihteeri_Jens_Stoltenbergin_25.10.2021._%2851628817943%29.jpg/440px-P%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Sanna_Marin_tapasi_Naton_p%C3%A4%C3%A4sihteeri_Jens_Stoltenbergin_25.10.2021._%2851628817943%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>NATO Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> with Finnish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Sanna_Marin" title="Sanna Marin">Sanna Marin</a> in Helsinki, 25 October 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruotsin_p%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Magdalena_Andersson_vieraili_Suomessa_5.3.2022_(51919506636).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two women in dark blue coats stand behind a podium looking to the left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ruotsin_p%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Magdalena_Andersson_vieraili_Suomessa_5.3.2022_%2851919506636%29.jpg/220px-Ruotsin_p%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Magdalena_Andersson_vieraili_Suomessa_5.3.2022_%2851919506636%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ruotsin_p%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Magdalena_Andersson_vieraili_Suomessa_5.3.2022_%2851919506636%29.jpg/330px-Ruotsin_p%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Magdalena_Andersson_vieraili_Suomessa_5.3.2022_%2851919506636%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ruotsin_p%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Magdalena_Andersson_vieraili_Suomessa_5.3.2022_%2851919506636%29.jpg/440px-Ruotsin_p%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri_Magdalena_Andersson_vieraili_Suomessa_5.3.2022_%2851919506636%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>Swedish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Andersson" title="Magdalena Andersson">Magdalena Andersson</a> held talks in March 2022 with her Finnish counterpart <a href="/wiki/Sanna_Marin" title="Sanna Marin">Sanna Marin</a> about potential NATO memberships for both countries.</figcaption></figure> In 1949, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> chose not to join NATO and declared a security policy aiming for <a href="/wiki/Swedish_neutrality" title="Swedish neutrality">non-alignment</a> in peace and neutrality in war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgius2006103–105-88">[88]</a> This position was maintained without much discussion during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. During this time, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>'s relationship with NATO and the Soviet Union followed the <a href="/wiki/Paasikivi%E2%80%93Kekkonen_doctrine" title="Paasikivi–Kekkonen doctrine">Paasikivi–Kekkonen doctrine</a>, whereby the country joined neither the Western nor Eastern blocs. Following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> in 1991, both countries joined NATO's <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> in 1994 and provided peacekeeping forces to various NATO missions, including Kosovo (<a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Force" title="Kosovo Force">KFOR</a>) and Afghanistan (<a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a>) in the early 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-worldpress_2006-03-0322-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russia's annexation of Crimea from Ukraine</a> in 2014 and subsequent full-scale <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion of Ukraine</a> in 2022 led both countries to revisit their security and defence policies. Opinion polls in both countries shortly after the 2022 invasion for the first time showed clear majorities supported joining NATO.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The major political parties in both also re-evaluated their positions on NATO membership, with many moving to either support membership or drop long-standing opposition. On 15 May 2022, Finland's Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Sanna_Marin" title="Sanna Marin">Marin</a> and President <a href="/wiki/Sauli_Niinist%C3%B6" title="Sauli Niinistö">Niinistö</a> together announced that Finland would apply for NATO membership,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> while Swedish <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Andersson" title="Magdalena Andersson">Magdalena Andersson</a> announced that Sweden would do the same the following day.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Formal applications for membership were jointly submitted by both countries on 18 May 2022.<a href="#cite_note-the_guardian_2022-05-1822-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, however, opposed the start of accession negotiations for Finland and Sweden over multiple issues, most notably their claim that Finland and Sweden supported the <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> groups like the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">PKK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Democratic Union Party (Syria)">PYD</a>, and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defense_Units" title="People's Defense Units">YPG</a>, which Turkey views as terrorists,<a href="#cite_note-reuters_2022-05-132-100">[100]</a> and the followers of <a href="/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen" title="Fethullah Gülen">Fethullah Gülen</a>, whom Turkey accused of orchestrating the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt">2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_2022-05-16_a-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Accession negotiations only began following the signing of a tripartite memorandum between Finland, Sweden, and Turkey during the <a href="/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit" title="2022 Madrid summit">NATO summit</a> in Madrid in June 2022.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> That memorandum allowed for formal invitations and for the ratification process to begin the following month,<a href="#cite_note-france24_2022-07-052-105">[105]</a> and by that October, only <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and Turkey had not approved the pair's applications. Negotiations between the countries continued, and in February 2023, Turkish President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> announced that he now had a positive view of Finland's membership, but still a negative view of Sweden's.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">Hungarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Turkish parliaments</a> both approved Finland's application in March, Finland became a member of the alliance on 4 April 2023, the 74th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a> being signed.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Turkey and Sweden finally came to an understanding in early 2024, allowing Sweden to become the 32nd member of the alliance on 7 March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> According to the Russian defence minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a>, Finland's accession to NATO significantly increased the risk of a wider conflict in Europe. The move doubled the length of the border that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization shares with Russia.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, however, has consistently dismissed Finland's and Sweden's accession to NATO,<a href="#cite_note-:1-111">[111]</a> stating it poses "no threat to Russia".<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary_table_and_map">Summary table and map</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Summary table and map">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="date">Date </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Round </th> <th scope="col">Country </th> <td scope="col" rowspan="22"><a href="/wiki/File:History_of_NATO_enlargement.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of NATO expansion in Europe since 1949"><img alt="A map of Europe with twelve colors that refer to the year different countries joined the alliance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/History_of_NATO_enlargement.svg/684px-History_of_NATO_enlargement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="684" height="526" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/History_of_NATO_enlargement.svg/1026px-History_of_NATO_enlargement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/History_of_NATO_enlargement.svg/1368px-History_of_NATO_enlargement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="394" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><div style="float:right;">18 February 1952</div> </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#002b72"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">First</div> </td> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:right;">9 May 1955</div> </td> <td bgcolor="#005499"> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Second</div> </td> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:right;">30 May 1982</div> </td> <td bgcolor="#007ac2"> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Third</div> </td> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:right;">3 October 1990</div> </td> <td bgcolor="50a7da"> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">—</div> </td> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><div style="float:right;">12 March 1999</div> </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#8cc9ed"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Fourth</div> </td> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><div style="float:right;">29 March 2004</div> </td> <td rowspan="7" bgcolor="#bce4ee"> </td> <td rowspan="7"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Fifth</div> </td> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%281988%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><div style="float:right;">1 April 2009</div> </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#daebab"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Sixth</div> </td> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:right;">5 June 2017</div> </td> <td bgcolor="#c2e075"> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Seventh</div> </td> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:right;">27 March 2020</div> </td> <td bgcolor="#aad048"> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Eighth</div> </td> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:right;">4 April 2023</div> </td> <td bgcolor="#84a338"> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Ninth</div> </td> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:right;">7 March 2024</div> </td> <td bgcolor="#5f7a1c"> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Tenth</div> </td> <th scope="row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criteria_and_process">Criteria and process</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Criteria and process">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Article_10_and_the_Open_Door_Policy">Article 10 and the Open Door Policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Article 10 and the Open Door Policy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">NATO open door policy</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a> is the basis of the organization, and, as such, any changes including new membership requires ratification by all current signers of the treaty. The treaty's Article 10 describes how non-member states may join <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The Parties may, by unanimous agreement, invite any other European State in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area to accede to this Treaty. Any State so invited may become a Party to the Treaty by depositing its instrument of accession with the Government of the United States of America. The Government of the United States of America will inform each of the Parties of the deposit of each such instrument of accession.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></blockquote> Article 10 poses two general limits to non-member states. First, only European states are eligible for new membership, and second, these states not only need the approval of all the existing member states, but every member state can put some criteria forward that have to be attained. In practice, NATO formulates a common set of criteria. However, for instance, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> blocked the Republic of Macedonia's accession to NATO for many years because it <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">disagreed with the use of the name Macedonia</a>. Turkey similarly opposes the participation of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</a> with NATO institutions as long as the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a> is not resolved.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/1991_Rome_summit" title="1991 Rome summit">1991 Rome summit</a>, when the delegations of its member states officially offered cooperation with Europe's newly democratic states, NATO has addressed and further defined the expectations and procedure for adding new members. The <a href="/wiki/1994_Brussels_summit#Accomplishments" title="1994 Brussels summit">1994 Brussels Declaration</a> reaffirmed the principles in Article 10 and led to the "Study on NATO Enlargement". Published in September 1995, the study outlined the "how and why" of possible enlargement in Europe,<a href="#cite_note-Trifunovska-115">[115]</a> highlighting three principles from the 1949 treaty for members to have: "democracy, individual liberty, and rule of law".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrappiCarati200950-116">[116]</a> As NATO Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Willy_Claes" title="Willy Claes">Willy Claes</a> noted, the 1995 study did not specify the "who or when,"<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> though it discussed how the then newly formed <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Cooperation_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Cooperation Council">North Atlantic Cooperation Council</a> could assist in the enlargement process,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrifunovska199616–17-118">[118]</a> and noted that on-going territorial disputes could be an issue for whether a country was invited.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/1997_Madrid_summit" title="1997 Madrid summit">1997 Madrid summit</a>, the heads of state of NATO issued the "Madrid Declaration on Euro-Atlantic Security and Cooperation" which invited three <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central European</a> countries to join the alliance, out of the twelve that had at that point requested to join, laying out a path for others to follow.<a href="#cite_note-Trifunovska-115">[115]</a> The text of Article 10 was the origin for the April 1999 statement of a "<a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">NATO open door policy</a>".<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In practice, diplomats and officials have stated that having no <a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">territorial disputes</a> is a prerequisite to joining NATO, as a member with such a dispute would be automatically considered under attack by the occupying entity. However, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> joined NATO in 1955 despite having territorial disputes with East Germany and other states until the early 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membership_Action_Plan">Membership Action Plan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Membership Action Plan">edit</a>]</div> The biggest step in the formalization of the process for inviting new members came at the <a href="/wiki/1999_Washington_summit" title="1999 Washington summit">1999 Washington summit</a> when the Membership Action Plan (MAP) mechanism was approved as a stage for the current members to regularly review the formal applications of aspiring members. A country's participation in MAP entails the annual presentation of reports concerning its progress on five different measures:<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <ul><li>Willingness to settle international, ethnic or external territorial disputes by peaceful means, commitment to the rule of law and human rights, and democratic control of armed forces</li> <li>Ability to contribute to the organization's defense and missions</li> <li>Devotion of sufficient resources to armed forces to be able to meet the commitments of membership</li> <li>Security of sensitive information, and safeguards ensuring it</li> <li>Compatibility of domestic legislation with NATO cooperation</li></ul> NATO provides feedback as well as technical advice to each country and evaluates its progress on an individual basis.<a href="#cite_note-nato_2014-06-12-124">[124]</a> Once members agree that a country meets the requirements, NATO can issue that country an invitation to begin accession talks.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> The final accession process, once invited, involves five steps leading up to the signing of the accession protocols and the acceptance and ratification of those protocols by the governments of the current NATO members.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In November 2002, NATO invited seven countries to join it via the MAP: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> All seven invitees joined in March 2004, which was observed at a flag-raising ceremony on 2 April. After that date, NATO numbered 26 allies.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Other former MAP participants were <a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Albania–NATO relations">Albania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Croatia–NATO relations">Croatia</a> between May 2002 and April 2009, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Montenegro–NATO relations">Montenegro</a> between December 2009 and June 2017, and <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="North Macedonia–NATO relations">North Macedonia</a> between April 1999 and March 2020, when it joined NATO. As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit">[update]</a>, there is only one country participating in a MAP, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intensified_dialogue">Intensified dialogue</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Intensified dialogue">edit</a>]</div> Intensified Dialogue was first introduced in April 2005 at an informal meeting of foreign ministers in Vilnius, Lithuania, as a response to Ukrainian aspirations for NATO membership and related reforms taking place under President <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko" title="Viktor Yushchenko">Viktor Yushchenko</a>, and which followed the 2002 signing of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=NATO%E2%80%93Ukraine_Action_Plan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NATO–Ukraine Action Plan (page does not exist)">NATO–Ukraine Action Plan</a> under his predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nato_2014-06-12-124">[124]</a> This formula, which includes discussion of a "full range of political, military, financial and security issues relating to possible NATO membership ... had its roots in the <a href="/wiki/1997_Madrid_summit" title="1997 Madrid summit">1997 Madrid summit</a>", where the participants had agreed "to continue the Alliance's intensified dialogs with those nations that aspire to NATO membership or that otherwise wish to pursue a dialog with NATO on membership questions".<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> In September 2006, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> became the second to be offered the Intensified Dialogue status, following a rapid change in foreign policy under President <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saakashvili" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Saakashvili">Mikhail Saakashvili</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> and what it perceived as a demonstration of military readiness during the <a href="/wiki/2006_Kodori_crisis" title="2006 Kodori crisis">2006 Kodori crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> similarly received offers at the April <a href="/wiki/2008_Bucharest_summit" title="2008 Bucharest summit">2008 Bucharest summit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> While its neighbors both requested and accepted the dialog program, Serbia's offer was presented to guarantee the possibility of future ties with the alliance.<a href="#cite_note-b92_2008-04-03-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspiring_members">Aspiring members</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Aspiring members">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_NATO_affiliations_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of Europe with countries in six different colors based on their affiliation with NATO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Major_NATO_affiliations_in_Europe.svg/330px-Major_NATO_affiliations_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Major_NATO_affiliations_in_Europe.svg/495px-Major_NATO_affiliations_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Major_NATO_affiliations_in_Europe.svg/660px-Major_NATO_affiliations_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Members_of_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of NATO">Members of NATO</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plan</a></div> </td> <td class="col-break"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Enhanced Opportunity Partner</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Individual_Partnership_Action_Plan" title="Individual Partnership Action Plan">Individual Partnership Action Plan</a> (IPAP)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[Note 1]</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></figcaption></figure> As of January 2025<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit">[update]</a>, three states have formally expressed their desire to join NATO. Bosnia and Herzegovina is the only country with a <a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plan</a>, which together with Georgia, were named NATO "aspirant countries" at the North Atlantic Council meeting on 7 December 2011.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2008_Bucharest_summit" title="2008 Bucharest summit">2008 NATO summit held in Bucharest</a> and against the urging of United States President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, both Georgia and Ukraine accession into NATO was blocked by both <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> led France and <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> led Germany, who based Germany's decision against Ukraine joining NATO upon Germany maintaining its dependence upon hydrocarbons from <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> led Russia.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> Ukraine was recognized as an aspirant country after the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">2014 Ukrainian revolution</a>, and formally applied for membership in 2022 following its <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion by Russia</a>. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"> <caption>NATO aspirant countries<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country<a href="#cite_note-auto-5">[5]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> </th> <th>Individualized Action Plan<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> </th> <th>Intensified Dialogue </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plan</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> </th> <th>Application </th> <th>Accession protocol </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–NATO relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><a href="#cite_note-nato_2015-06-05-146">[145]</a> </td> <td>2006–12 December 2006 </td> <td>2008-01<a href="/wiki/Individual_Partnership_Action_Plan" title="Individual Partnership Action Plan">IPAP</a> September 2008 </td> <td>2008-04 April 2008<a href="#cite_note-bbc_2008-04-04-147">[146]</a> </td> <td>2010-04 December 2018<a href="#cite_note-balkan_insight_2018-12-05-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[Note 2]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Georgia–NATO relations">Georgia</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> </td> <td>1994-03 March 1994 </td> <td>2004–10<a href="/wiki/Individual_Partnership_Action_Plan" title="Individual Partnership Action Plan">IPAP</a> October 2004 </td> <td>2006–09 September 2006<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine</a> </td> <td>1994-02 February 1994 </td> <td>2002–11 Action Plan November 2002<a href="#cite_note-154">[Note 3]</a> </td> <td>2005-04 April 2005<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—<a href="#cite_note-157">[Note 4]</a> </td> <td>30 September 2022<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-158">[154]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: close;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Membership Action Plan and Individual Partnership Action Plan countries are also Partnership for Peace members. States acceding to NATO replace Partnership for Peace membership with formal entry into the Alliance. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> Originally invited to join the MAP in April 2010 under the condition that no Annual National Programme would be launched until one of the conditions for the <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_for_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Conditions_for_closure_of_the_Office_of_the_High_Representative" title="High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina">OHR closure</a> – the transfer of control of immovable defence property to the central Bosnian authorities from the two regional <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">political entities</a> – was fulfilled.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_2010-04-22-149">[148]</a> Condition waived in 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> NATO–Ukraine Action Plan adopted on 22 November 2002. Note that this is not considered by NATO to be an IPAP.<a href="#cite_note-nato_2013-11-11-153">[151]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> NATO agreed that a MAP would not be required.<a href="#cite_note-Vilnius2023-156">[153]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bosnia and Herzegovina">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–NATO relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina–NATO relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Article_(40373160642).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A woman in a dark suit speaks behind a wooden lectern, while three men in military uniforms, and one woman, stand to her sides." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1_Article_%2840373160642%29.jpg/220px-1_Article_%2840373160642%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1_Article_%2840373160642%29.jpg/330px-1_Article_%2840373160642%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1_Article_%2840373160642%29.jpg/440px-1_Article_%2840373160642%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marina_Pende%C5%A1" title="Marina Pendeš">Marina Pendeš</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Ministry of Defence (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">Minister of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, speaking at NATO's headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">1995 NATO bombing of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> targeted the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">Bosnian Serb Army</a> and together with international pressure led to the resolution of the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a> and the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a> in 1995. Since then, NATO has led the <a href="/wiki/Implementation_Force" title="Implementation Force">Implementation Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_Force_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Stabilization Force</a>, and other peacekeeping efforts in the country. Bosnia and Herzegovina joined the Partnership for Peace in 2006, and signed an agreement on security cooperation in March 2007.<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> Bosnia and Herzegovina began further cooperation with NATO within its Individual Partnership Action Plan in January 2008.<a href="#cite_note-nato_2015-06-05-146">[145]</a> The country then started the process of Intensified Dialogue at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Bucharest_summit" title="2008 Bucharest summit">2008 Bucharest summit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_2008-04-04-147">[146]</a> The country was invited to join the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Charter" title="Adriatic Charter">Adriatic Charter</a> of NATO aspirants in September 2008.<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> within <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> has expressed willingness to join NATO, however, it faces consistent political pressure from <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a>, the other political entity in the country, alongside its partners in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. On 2 October 2009, <a href="/wiki/Haris_Silajd%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Haris Silajdžić">Haris Silajdžić</a>, the Bosniak Member of the Presidency, announced official application for <a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plan</a>. On 22 April 2010, NATO agreed to launch the <a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plan</a> for Bosnia and Herzegovina, but with certain conditions attached.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_2010-04-22-149">[148]</a> Turkey is thought to be the biggest supporter of Bosnian membership, and heavily influenced the decision.<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> The conditions of the MAP, however, stipulated that no Annual National Programme[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] could be launched until 63 military facilities are transferred from <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia's political divisions</a> to the central government, which is one of the conditions for the <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_for_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Conditions_for_closure_of_the_Office_of_the_High_Representative" title="High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina">OHR closure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> The leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a> has opposed this transfer as a loss of autonomy.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> All movable property, including all weapons and other army equipment, is fully registered as the property of the country starting 1 January 2006.<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> A ruling of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> on 6 August 2017 decided that a disputed military facility in <a href="/wiki/Han_Pijesak" title="Han Pijesak">Han Pijesak</a> is to be registered as property of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> Despite the fact that all immovable property is not fully registered, NATO approved the activation of the <a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plan</a> for Bosnia and Herzegovina, and called on Bosnia to submit an Annual National Programme on 5 December 2018.<a href="#cite_note-balkan_insight_2018-12-05-148">[147]</a> A February 2017 poll showed that 59% of the country supports NATO membership, but results were very divided depending on ethnic groups. While 84% of those who identified as <a href="/wiki/Bosniak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosniak">Bosniak</a> or <a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Croat</a> supported NATO membership, only 9% of those who identified as <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Serb</a> did.<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> Bosnian chances of joining NATO may depend on Serbia's attitude towards the alliance, since the leadership of Republika Srpska might be reluctant to go against Serbian interests.<a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a> In October 2017, the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Republika_Srpska)" title="National Assembly (Republika Srpska)">National Assembly of the Republika Srpska</a> passed a nonbinding resolution opposing NATO membership for Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> On 2 March 2022, <a href="/wiki/Vjosa_Osmani" title="Vjosa Osmani">Vjosa Osmani</a>, the President of Kosovo, called on NATO to speed up the membership process for Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Osmani also criticized <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a>, the President of Serbia, accusing him of using <a href="/wiki/Milorad_Dodik" title="Milorad Dodik">Milorad Dodik</a> to "destroy the unity of Bosnia and Herzegovina".<a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine–NATO relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two men in suits sit talking around a low wooden table." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_and_Viktor_Yanukovych_in_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>As president, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> pursued closer relations with Russia.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>'s relationship with NATO has been politically divisive, and is part of a larger debate over Ukraine's ties to both the European Union and Russia. Ukraine established ties to the alliance with a NATO–Ukraine Action Plan in November 2002,<a href="#cite_note-nato_2013-11-11-153">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> joined NATO's <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> in February 2005,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYekelchyk2007202-172">[168]</a> then entered into the Intensified Dialogue program with NATO in April 2005.<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> The position of Russian leaders on <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine-NATO relations</a> has changed over time. In 2002, Russia's president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> declared no objections to Ukraine's growing relations with NATO, saying it was a matter for Ukraine and NATO.<a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> From 2008, Russia began stating its opposition to Ukraine's membership. That March, Ukraine applied for a <a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plan</a> (MAP), the first step in joining NATO. At the April <a href="/wiki/2008_Bucharest_summit" title="2008 Bucharest summit">2008 Bucharest summit</a>, NATO Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Jaap_de_Hoop_Scheffer" title="Jaap de Hoop Scheffer">Jaap de Hoop Scheffer</a> declared that Ukraine and Georgia would someday join NATO, but neither would begin Membership Action Plans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmbrosio2013150–154-175">[171]</a> At this summit, Putin called Ukrainian membership "a direct threat".<a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> became Ukraine's president in 2010, he said that Ukraine would remain a "European, non-aligned state",<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> and would remain a member of NATO's outreach program.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> In June 2010 the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Ukrainian parliament</a> voted to drop the goal of NATO membership, in a bill drafted by Yanukovych.<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> This affirmed Ukraine's neutral status and forbade its membership in any military bloc, but allowed for co-operation with alliances such as NATO.<a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dozens of blue and yellow Ukrainian flags are held aloft in a wide crowd." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg/220px-Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg/330px-Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg/440px-Euromaidan_Kyiv_1-12-13_by_Gnatoush_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> protests, which ousted <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> from presidential office, attracted large numbers of Ukrainians in support of better ties with European countries.</figcaption></figure> In the February 2014 <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Ukrainian Revolution</a>, Ukraine's parliament voted to remove Yanukovych. Soon after, while Ukraine was still a neutral country,<a href="#cite_note-182">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a> Russia <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">occupied</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexed Crimea</a>. The following month, new Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a> said Ukraine was not seeking NATO membership.<a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a> In August 2014, the Russian military <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas#August_2014_invasion_by_Russian_forces" title="War in Donbas">invaded eastern Ukraine</a> to support its <a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Ukraine" title="Russian separatist forces in Ukraine">separatist proxies</a>. Because of this,<a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a> Yatsenyuk announced the resumption of the NATO membership bid,<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> and in December 2014, Ukraine's parliament voted to drop non-aligned status.<a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a> NATO Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Anders_Fogh_Rasmussen" title="Anders Fogh Rasmussen">Anders Fogh Rasmussen</a> said membership was still an option.<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a> Support for membership rose to 64 percent in government-held Ukraine according to a July 2015 poll,<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> and polls showed that the rise in support for NATO was linked to Russia's ongoing military intervention.<a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%84%D0%A1_%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D1%83_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96,_2019,_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two men in business suits stand at silver podiums, with a blue and yellow Ukrainian flag to their left and a blue and white NATO flags to their right." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%84%D0%A1_%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D1%83_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%2C_2019%2C_1.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%84%D0%A1_%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D1%83_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%2C_2019%2C_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%84%D0%A1_%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D1%83_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%2C_2019%2C_1.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%84%D0%A1_%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D1%83_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%2C_2019%2C_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%84%D0%A1_%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D1%83_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%2C_2019%2C_1.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%84%D0%A1_%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D1%83_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%2C_2019%2C_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian President <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> meeting with Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> in 2019</figcaption></figure> In June 2017, Ukraine's parliament passed a law making NATO integration a foreign policy priority,<a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> and President <a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a> announced he would negotiate a <a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[188]</a> Ukraine was acknowledged as an aspiring member by March 2018.<a href="#cite_note-193">[189]</a> In September 2018, Ukraine's parliament voted to include the goal of NATO membership in the constitution.<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> During 2021, there were massive <a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian military build-ups near Ukraine's borders</a>. In April 2021, President <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> said that NATO membership "is the only way to end the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">war in Donbas</a>" and that a MAP "will be a real signal for Russia".<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> Putin demanded that Ukraine be barred from ever joining NATO. Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> replied that Ukraine's relationship with NATO are a matter for Ukraine and NATO, adding that "Russia has no right to establish a <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">sphere of influence</a> to try to control their neighbors".<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a> Stoltenberg stated that Putin "actually sent a draft treaty that they wanted NATO to sign, to promise no more NATO enlargement. That was what he sent us. And was a pre-condition for not invade Ukraine. Of course we didn't sign that".<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia invaded Ukraine</a> in February 2022. In his <a href="/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation" title="On conducting a special military operation">speech announcing the invasion</a>, Putin <a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Allegations_of_NATO_aggression" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">falsely claimed</a> that NATO military infrastructure was being built up inside Ukraine, threatening Russia.<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> Russia's invasion drove Finland and Sweden to apply for NATO membership. In June 2022, Putin said their membership wasn't a problem for Russia, but Ukraine's membership is a "completely different thing" because of "territorial disputes".<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> Peter Dickinson of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a> wrote that Putin's "dislike of NATO enlargement is real enough, but it has nothing to do with legitimate national security concerns. Instead, Putin objects to NATO because it prevents him from bullying Russia's neighbours".<a href="#cite_note-:1-111">[111]</a> Since the invasion, calls for Ukrainian NATO membership have grown.<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a> On 30 September 2022, Ukraine submitted an application for NATO membership.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-158">[154]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>, NATO members are reluctant to discuss Ukraine's entry because of Putin's "hypersensitivity" on the issue.<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> At NATO's <a href="/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit" title="2023 Vilnius summit">2023 Vilnius summit</a> it was decided that Ukraine would no longer be required to participate in a Membership Action Plan before joining the alliance.<a href="#cite_note-Vilnius2023-156">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgia">Georgia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Georgia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Georgia–NATO relations">Georgia–NATO relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Zourabichvili_Giving_Speech_in_Rustaveli_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A woman with dark hair and a white suit jacket speaks behind a podium and in front of a blue NATO flag and red and white Georigan flag." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/President_Zourabichvili_Giving_Speech_in_Rustaveli_Hall.jpg/220px-President_Zourabichvili_Giving_Speech_in_Rustaveli_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/President_Zourabichvili_Giving_Speech_in_Rustaveli_Hall.jpg/330px-President_Zourabichvili_Giving_Speech_in_Rustaveli_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/President_Zourabichvili_Giving_Speech_in_Rustaveli_Hall.jpg/440px-President_Zourabichvili_Giving_Speech_in_Rustaveli_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4736" data-file-height="3596" /></a><figcaption>Georgian President <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a> speaking following meetings with NATO representatives in 2021</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> moved quickly following the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution">Rose Revolution</a> in 2003 to seek closer ties with NATO<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> (although the previous administration had also indicated that it desired NATO membership a year before the revolution took place<a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a>). Georgia's northern neighbor, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, opposed the closer ties, including those expressed at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Bucharest_summit" title="2008 Bucharest summit">2008 Bucharest summit</a>, where NATO members promised that Georgia would eventually join the organization.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_2011-11-21-204">[200]</a> Complications in the relationship between NATO and Georgia includes the presence of Russian military forces in internationally recognized Georgian territory as a result of multiple recent conflicts, like the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a> over the territories of <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>, both of which are home to a large number of citizens of Russia. On 3 December 2008, NATO's 26 foreign ministers voted to reject a <a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plan (MAP)</a> to Georgia, arguing that it would antagonize Russia and that Georgia needed to enact more reforms.<a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a> On 21 November 2011, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> while addressing soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a> near the Georgian border stated that Russia's 2008 invasion had prevented any further NATO enlargement into the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> sphere.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_2011-11-21-204">[200]</a> A <a href="/wiki/2008_Georgian_referendum" title="2008 Georgian referendum">nonbinding referendum in 2008</a> resulted in 77 percent of voters supporting NATO accession.<a href="#cite_note-206">[202]</a> In May 2013, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Bidzina_Ivanishvili" title="Bidzina Ivanishvili">Bidzina Ivanishvili</a> stated that his goal was to get a <a href="/wiki/Membership_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership Action Plan">Membership Action Plan</a> (MAP) for his country from NATO in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-207">[203]</a> In June 2014, diplomats from NATO suggested that while a MAP was unlikely, a package of "reinforced cooperation" agreements was a possible compromise.<a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anders_Fogh_Rasmussen" title="Anders Fogh Rasmussen">Anders Fogh Rasmussen</a> confirmed that this could include the building of military capabilities and armed forces training.<a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> In September 2019, Russian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a> said that "NATO approaching our borders is a threat to Russia."<a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a> He was quoted as saying that if <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> accepts Georgian membership with the article on collective defense covering only Tbilisi-administered territory (i.e., excluding the Georgian territories of <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>, both of which are currently an <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">unrecognized breakaway republics</a> supported by Russia), "we will not start a war, but such conduct will undermine our relations with NATO and with countries who are eager to enter the alliance."<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> On 29 September 2020, <a href="/wiki/NATO_Secretary_General" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO Secretary General">NATO Secretary General</a> <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> called on Georgia to use every opportunity to move closer to the Alliance and speed up preparations for membership. Stoltenberg stressed that earlier that year, the Allies agreed to further strengthen the NATO-Georgia partnership, and that NATO welcomed the progress made by Georgia in carrying out reforms, modernizing its armed forces and strengthening democracy.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> Georgian President <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a>, who took office in 2018, has conceded that NATO membership might not be possible while Russia occupies Georgian territory, and has sought to focus on European Union membership,<a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a> for which <a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia submitted its application</a> in May 2022.<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership_debates">Membership debates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Membership debates">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_NATO" title="Foreign relations of NATO">Foreign relations of NATO</a></div> The Soviet Union was the primary ideological adversary for NATO during the Cold War. Following its dissolution, several states which had maintained <a href="/wiki/Neutrality_(international_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrality (international relations)">neutrality</a> during the Cold War or were <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet states</a> increased their ties with Western institutions; a number of them requested to join NATO. The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine reignited debate surrounding NATO membership in several countries. <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> have maintained their Cold War–era neutrality. All are now members of the <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a>, and all except Switzerland are now members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> The defence ministry of Switzerland, which has a <a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">long-standing policy of neutrality</a>, initiated a report in May 2022 analyzing various military options, including increased cooperation and joint military exercises with NATO. That month, a poll indicated 33% of Swiss supported NATO membership for Switzerland, and 56% supported increased ties with NATO.<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> is also a <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member state of the European Union</a>, but it is the only one that is neither a full member state nor participates in the Partnership for Peace. Any treaty concerning Cyprus' participation in NATO would likely be blocked by <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> because of the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt_2010-10-24-217">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> are all members of the <a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a> (CSTO), a post-Soviet alternative military alliance. <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> was a member of the CSTO but has committed to a policy of neutrality since 1999.<a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> In 2000, Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> floated the idea of Russia potentially joining NATO.<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a> However these prospects went nowhere, and Putin began developing anti-NATO sentiment and espousing hostile views towards NATO from the early 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> In 2009, Russian envoy <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Rogozin" title="Dmitry Rogozin">Dmitry Rogozin</a> did not rule out joining NATO at some point, but stated that Russia was currently more interested in leading a coalition as a <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austria">Austria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Austria">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Austria–NATO relations">Austria–NATO relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Quick_Response%22_2016_(29519252064).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four soldiers in green military attire walk in a line in front of a green military vehicle holding guns." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%22Quick_Response%22_2016_%2829519252064%29.jpg/220px-%22Quick_Response%22_2016_%2829519252064%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%22Quick_Response%22_2016_%2829519252064%29.jpg/330px-%22Quick_Response%22_2016_%2829519252064%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%22Quick_Response%22_2016_%2829519252064%29.jpg/440px-%22Quick_Response%22_2016_%2829519252064%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2590" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>Austria's neutrality is enshrined in law and treaty, but it participates in peacekeeping missions like <a href="/wiki/Operation_Althea" title="Operation Althea">Operation Althea</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> was <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria" title="Allied-occupied Austria">occupied</a> by the four victorious <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied powers</a> following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council" title="Allied Control Council">Allied Control Council</a>, similar to <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Germany</a>. During negotiations to end the occupation, which were ongoing at the same time as Germany's, the Soviet Union insisted that the reunified country adopt the model of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">Swiss neutrality</a>. The US feared that this would encourage <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> to accept similar <a href="/wiki/Stalin_Note" title="Stalin Note">Soviet proposals for neutrality</a> as a condition for <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a> Shortly after West Germany's accession to NATO, the parties agreed to the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_State_Treaty" title="Austrian State Treaty">Austrian State Treaty</a> in May 1955, which was largely based on the Moscow Memorandum signed the previous month between Austria and the Soviet Union. While the treaty itself did not commit Austria to neutrality, this was subsequently enshrined into Austria's constitution that October with the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Neutrality" title="Declaration of Neutrality">Declaration of Neutrality</a>. The Declaration prohibits Austria from joining a military alliance, from hosting foreign military bases within its borders, and from participating in a war.<a href="#cite_note-the_local_at_2022-02-08-223">[219]</a> Membership of Austria in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (or its predecessor organizations) was controversial because of the Austrian commitment to neutrality. Austria only joined in <a href="/wiki/1995_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="1995 enlargement of the European Union">1995</a>, together with Sweden and Finland, which had also declared their neutrality in the Cold War. Austria joined NATO's <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> in 1995, and participates in NATO's <a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Austria">Austrian military</a> also participates in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Peacekeeping Operations">United Nations peacekeeping operations</a> and has deployments in several countries as of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit">[update]</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, where it has led the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Althea" title="Operation Althea">EUFOR mission there</a> since 2009.<a href="#cite_note-the_local_at_2022-02-08-223">[219]</a> Individual politicians from the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">Austrian People's Party</a> (ÖVP) have supported NATO membership as part of European integration, including the Chancellor from 2000 to 2007, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%BCssel" title="Wolfgang Schüssel">Wolfgang Schüssel</a> and his defense minister, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Fasslabend" title="Werner Fasslabend">Werner Fasslabend</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> The 2022 <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, and subsequent NATO membership of Finland and Sweden, did lead to additional calls to re-open the issue of neutrality, including from <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Khol" title="Andreas Khol">Andreas Khol</a>, the 2016 ÖVP presidential nominee.<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a> However, only the <a href="/wiki/NEOS_%E2%80%93_The_New_Austria_and_Liberal_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum">NEOS</a> party, which then held 15 of the 183 seats in the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Austria)" title="National Council (Austria)">National Council</a>, supported a May 2022 open letter asking the government to review its commitment to neutrality,<a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> and Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Karl_Nehammer" title="Karl Nehammer">Karl Nehammer</a>, of the ÖVP, has rejected the idea.<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> Membership is not widely popular with the Austrian public. A March 2023 survey found only 21% in favor, with 61% against, a small increase of both 7% in favor and 7% unsure, compared to the last survey 10 months prior.<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyprus">Cyprus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cyprus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Cyprus–NATO relations">Cyprus–NATO relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_meets_President_of_Cyprus_Nikos_Christodoulides_at_10_Downing_Street,_London,_UK_on_14_October_2024_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two men dressed in dark suits shake hands in front of the black door to 10 Downing Street." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_meets_President_of_Cyprus_Nikos_Christodoulides_at_10_Downing_Street%2C_London%2C_UK_on_14_October_2024_-_1.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_meets_President_of_Cyprus_Nikos_Christodoulides_at_10_Downing_Street%2C_London%2C_UK_on_14_October_2024_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_meets_President_of_Cyprus_Nikos_Christodoulides_at_10_Downing_Street%2C_London%2C_UK_on_14_October_2024_-_1.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_meets_President_of_Cyprus_Nikos_Christodoulides_at_10_Downing_Street%2C_London%2C_UK_on_14_October_2024_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_meets_President_of_Cyprus_Nikos_Christodoulides_at_10_Downing_Street%2C_London%2C_UK_on_14_October_2024_-_1.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_meets_President_of_Cyprus_Nikos_Christodoulides_at_10_Downing_Street%2C_London%2C_UK_on_14_October_2024_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5314" data-file-height="3544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a>, Prime Minister of Cyprus, meeting in 2024 with his counterpart, <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a>, of the United Kingdom, which controls <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Base_Areas_of_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia">two military bases</a> on the island.</figcaption></figure> Prior to gaining its independence in 1960, Cyprus was a crown colony of the United Kingdom and as such the UK's NATO membership also applied to <a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Base_Areas_of_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a> in Cyprus remained under British control as a <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="British Overseas Territory">British Overseas Territory</a> following independence.<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> Neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Turkey_relations#Cyprus_and_the_EU" title="Greece–Turkey relations">Greece and Turkey competed for influence in the newly independent Cyprus</a>, with intercommunal rivalries and movements for <a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">union with Greece</a> or <a href="/wiki/Taksim_(politics)" title="Taksim (politics)">partition</a> and partial union with Turkey. The first <a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents of Cyprus">President</a> of the independent Republic of Cyprus (1960–1977), Archbishop of Cyprus <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III" title="Makarios III">Makarios III</a>, adopted a policy of non-alignment and took part in the 1961 founding meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>. The 1974 <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a> and ongoing <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">dispute</a>, in which Turkey continues to occupy <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>, complicates Cyprus' relations with NATO. Any treaty concerning Cyprus' participation in NATO, either as a full member, PfP or <a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a>, would likely be vetoed by <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, a full member of NATO, until the dispute is resolved.<a href="#cite_note-nyt_2010-10-24-217">[213]</a> NATO membership for a reunified Cyprus has been proposed as a solution to the question of security guarantees, given that all three of the current guarantors under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guarantee_(1960)" title="Treaty of Guarantee (1960)">Treaty of Guarantee (1960)</a> (Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom) are already NATO members.<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Cyprus">Parliament of Cyprus</a> voted in February 2011 to apply for membership in the PfP program, but <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Demetris_Christofias" title="Demetris Christofias">Demetris Christofias</a> vetoed the decision, arguing that it would hamper his attempts to negotiate an end to the Cyprus dispute and demilitarize the island.<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicos_Anastasiades" title="Nicos Anastasiades">Nicos Anastasiades</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/2013_Cypriot_presidential_election" title="2013 Cypriot presidential election">elected President in 2013</a>, stated that he intended to apply for membership in the PfP program soon after taking over.<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> His foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a> later dismissed Cypriot membership of NATO or Partnership for Peace, preferring to keep Cyprus' <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">foreign and defence affairs</a> within the framework of the EU, i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy" title="Common Security and Defence Policy">Common Security and Defence Policy</a> (CSDP).<a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> In May 2022, defence minister Charalambos Petrides confirmed that the country would not apply to NATO despite the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-daily_cyprus_2022-05-19-240">[236]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/2023_Cypriot_presidential_election" title="2023 Cypriot presidential election">2023 presidential election</a>, Anastasiades' foreign minister Christodoulides succeeded him as President. In November 2024, Christodoulides reversed his previous stance and revealed a plan to deepen Cyprus' relations with NATO and eventually join as a full member. Under the first phase of the plan, Cyprus would seek to join preparatory organisations linked to NATO, which would require progress in resolving the Cyprus dispute with NATO member Turkey and improvements to <a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="European Union–Turkey relations">EU–Turkey relations</a>. Practical steps of the plan include securing a longer-term exemption from the U.S. arms embargo, expanding joint military training opportunities for the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cypriot National Guard</a> at U.S. military academies, and modernisation of Cyprus' defence infrastructure to meet NATO standards.<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> Christodoulides stated that "the U.S. response has been very positive" and that these steps "will ensure that, once all conditions are met, Cyprus can join NATO".<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ireland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ireland–NATO relations">Ireland–NATO relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20140828_Irish_delegation_at_opening_ceremonies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Male and female soldiers wearing camouflage marching behind the Irish tri-color flag." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/20140828_Irish_delegation_at_opening_ceremonies.jpg/220px-20140828_Irish_delegation_at_opening_ceremonies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/20140828_Irish_delegation_at_opening_ceremonies.jpg/330px-20140828_Irish_delegation_at_opening_ceremonies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/20140828_Irish_delegation_at_opening_ceremonies.jpg/440px-20140828_Irish_delegation_at_opening_ceremonies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="603" /></a><figcaption>Ireland currently does not seek to join NATO, but does work to improve the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_(Ireland)" title="Defence Forces (Ireland)">Defence Forces</a>' interoperability with NATO.<a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> was <a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">neutral during World War II</a>, though the country cooperated with Allied intelligence and permitted the Allies use of Irish airways and ports. Ireland continued its policy of <a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality" title="Irish neutrality">military neutrality</a> during the Cold War, and before soldiers in the Irish military, the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_(Ireland)" title="Defence Forces (Ireland)">Defence Forces</a>, can be sent abroad, Irish law requires approval from the government, the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, which has been referred to as a "triple lock" on Irish neutrality since the early 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> Ireland supplied a small number of troops to the NATO-led <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> (ISAF) in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> (2001–2014) and supports the ongoing NATO-led <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Force" title="Kosovo Force">Kosovo Force</a> (KFOR).<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> Ireland joined NATO's <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> (PfP) program and <a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a> (EAPC) in 1999,<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> and participates in the alliance's PfP Planning and Review Process (PARP). This aims to increase the <a href="/wiki/Interoperability" title="Interoperability">interoperability</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_(Ireland)" title="Defence Forces (Ireland)">Defence Forces</a> with NATO member states and bring them into line with accepted international standards so as to successfully deploy with other professional military forces on <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a> operations overseas.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> The country most recently renewed their agreement with NATO regarding interoperability in February 2024, with the issues of cybersecurity and the security of <a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable" title="Submarine communications cable">underseas communication cables</a> in Irish waters being added as additional areas of cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> While there are a number of individual politicians who support Ireland joining NATO, mainly within the center-right <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> party,<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> no major political party in Ireland currently supports full accession to NATO, a reflection on public opinion in the country.<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">republican</a> party <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> has long had withdrawl from PfP as party policy, though this stance was softened in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> They have also proposed a <a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland">constitutional amendment</a> to prohibit the country from joining a military alliance like NATO, though the Dáil has so far rejected the associated legislation, most recently in April 2019.<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> While Taoiseach <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a> said in 2022 that Ireland would not need to hold a referendum in order to join NATO, Irish constitutional lawyers have pointed to the precedent set by the 1987 case <a href="/wiki/Crotty_v._An_Taoiseach" class="mw-redirect" title="Crotty v. An Taoiseach">Crotty v. An Taoiseach</a> as suggesting it would be necessary, and that any attempt to join NATO without a referendum would likely be legally challenged in the country's courts in a similar way.<a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> Former Taoiseach <a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a> has also highlighted the possibility that a <a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a> would likely have to reconsider defense arrangements, namely those with NATO, as the six counties of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> are currently part of the alliance.<a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> Polling did show a rise in support for joining NATO following the February 2022 <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, as a March 2022 poll reported 48% supporting NATO membership and 39% opposing it,<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> while one in August 2022 found 52% in favor of joining and 48% opposed.<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a> By June 2023, however, the numbers had returned to prior levels, with around 34% in favour and 38% opposed.<a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_NATO" title="Secretary General of NATO">Secretary General of NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/Anders_Fogh_Rasmussen" title="Anders Fogh Rasmussen">Anders Fogh Rasmussen</a> said during a visit to the country in 2013 that the "door is open" for Ireland to join NATO at any time.<a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kosovo">Kosovo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Kosovo">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kay_Bailey_Hutchison_with_Kosovo_officials_at_NATO_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three men and one woman in suits stand on a red carpet in front of two blue flags." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison_with_Kosovo_officials_at_NATO_2017.jpg/220px-Kay_Bailey_Hutchison_with_Kosovo_officials_at_NATO_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison_with_Kosovo_officials_at_NATO_2017.jpg/330px-Kay_Bailey_Hutchison_with_Kosovo_officials_at_NATO_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison_with_Kosovo_officials_at_NATO_2017.jpg/440px-Kay_Bailey_Hutchison_with_Kosovo_officials_at_NATO_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>Kosovo President <a href="/wiki/Hashim_Tha%C3%A7i" title="Hashim Thaçi">Hashim Thaçi</a> meeting with US Ambassador to NATO <a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Kay Bailey Hutchison</a> at NATO Headquarters in 2017</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Kosovo)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kosovo)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Enver_Hoxhaj" title="Enver Hoxhaj">Enver Hoxhaj</a>, integration with NATO is a priority for <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, which <a href="/wiki/2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence" title="2008 Kosovo declaration of independence">declared independence from Serbia</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> Kosovo submitted an application to join the PfP program in July 2012,<a href="#cite_note-turkishweekly_2012-07-19-265">[261]</a> and Hoxhaj stated in 2014 that the country's goal is to be a NATO member by 2022.<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> In December 2018, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Kosovar Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj</a> stated that Kosovo will apply for NATO membership after the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Armed Forces">Kosovo Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a> Kosovo's lack of <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Kosovo" title="International recognition of Kosovo">recognition</a> by four <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO" title="Member states of NATO">NATO member states</a>—<a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>—could impede its accession.<a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-turkishweekly_2012-07-19-265">[261]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> membership, which Kosovo does not have, is considered to be necessary for NATO membership.<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a> In February 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Minister of Defense <a href="/wiki/Armend_Mehaj" title="Armend Mehaj">Armend Mehaj</a> requested a permanent US military base in the country and an accelerated accession process to the organization, citing an "immediate need to guarantee peace, security and stability in the Western Balkans".<a href="#cite_note-reuters_2022-02-27-6">[6]</a> On 3 March 2022, a resolution was passed by Kosovo's Parliament requesting that the government "take all necessary steps to join NATO, <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> and other international organizations".<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malta">Malta</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Malta">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Malta–NATO relations">Malta–NATO relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%A6ad-Dingli._Radar_il-Ballun_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A sea-side cliff topped by a small white, spherical structure." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/%C4%A6ad-Dingli._Radar_il-Ballun_5.jpg/220px-%C4%A6ad-Dingli._Radar_il-Ballun_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/%C4%A6ad-Dingli._Radar_il-Ballun_5.jpg/330px-%C4%A6ad-Dingli._Radar_il-Ballun_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/%C4%A6ad-Dingli._Radar_il-Ballun_5.jpg/440px-%C4%A6ad-Dingli._Radar_il-Ballun_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5960" data-file-height="3938" /></a><figcaption>During the Cold War, NATO used radar facilities in <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, which, like other non-NATO member European states, has generally cooperative relations with the organization.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2006446–448-271">[267]</a></figcaption></figure> When the North Atlantic Treaty was signed in 1949, the Mediterranean island of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> was a dependent territory of the United Kingdom, one of the treaty's original signatories. As such, the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Crown Colony of Malta</a> shared the UK's international memberships, including NATO. Between 1952 and 1965, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Forces_Mediterranean" title="Allied Forces Mediterranean">Allied Forces Mediterranean</a> was based in the town of <a href="/wiki/Floriana" title="Floriana">Floriana</a>, just outside Malta's capital of <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>. When Malta gained independence in 1964, prime minister <a href="/wiki/George_Borg_Olivier" title="George Borg Olivier">George Borg Olivier</a> wanted the country to join NATO. Olivier was concerned that the presence of the NATO headquarters in Malta, without the security guarantees that NATO membership entailed, made the country a potential target. However, according to a memorandum he prepared at the time he was discouraged from formally submitting a membership application by <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary_General_of_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Secretary General of NATO">Deputy Secretary General of NATO</a> James A. Roberts. It was believed that some NATO members, including the United Kingdom, were opposed to Maltese NATO membership. As a result Olivier considered alternatives, such as seeking associate membership or unilateral security guarantees from NATO, or closing the NATO headquarters in Malta in retaliation.<a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a> Ultimately, Olivier supported the alliance and signed a defense agreement with the UK for use of Maltese military facilities in exchange for around £2 million a year.<a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> This friendly policy changed in 1971, when <a href="/wiki/Dom_Mintoff" title="Dom Mintoff">Dom Mintoff</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Malta)" title="Labour Party (Malta)">Labour Party</a>, was elected as prime minister. Mintoff supported <a href="/wiki/Neutral_country" title="Neutral country">neutrality</a> as his foreign policy,<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> and the position was later enshrined into the country's <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malta" title="Constitution of Malta">constitution</a> in 1974 as an amendment to Article 1.<a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a> The country joined the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> in 1979, at the same time when the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> left its base at the <a href="/wiki/Malta_Dockyard" title="Malta Dockyard">Malta Dockyard</a>. In 1995, under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Fenech_Adami" title="Eddie Fenech Adami">Eddie Fenech Adami</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Malta)" title="Nationalist Party (Malta)">Nationalist Party</a>, Malta joined the <a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a> multilateral defense forum and NATO's <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> program. When the Labour Party regained power the following year, however, it withdrew Malta from both organizations. Though the Nationalists resumed the majority in parliament in 1998, Malta didn't rejoin the EAPC and PfP programs again until 2008, after the country had joined the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in 2004. Since re-joining, Malta has been building its relations with NATO and getting involved in wider projects including the PfP Planning and Review Process and the <a href="/wiki/NATO_Science_for_Peace_and_Security" title="NATO Science for Peace and Security">NATO Science for Peace and Security</a> Program.<a href="#cite_note-nato_2021-04-01-279">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a> NATO membership is not supported by any of the country's political parties, including neither the governing Labour Party nor the opposition <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Malta)" title="Nationalist Party (Malta)">Nationalist Party</a>. NATO's secretary-general Jens Stoltenberg has stated that the alliance fully respects Malta's position of neutrality, and put no pressure for the country to join the alliance.<a href="#cite_note-nato_2021-04-01-279">[275]</a> Polling done by the island-nation's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Foreign_and_European_Affairs_(Malta)" title="Ministry for Foreign and European Affairs (Malta)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> found in February 2022 that 63% of those surveyed supported the island's neutrality, and only 6% opposed the policy, with 14% undecided.<a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Eurobarometer" title="Eurobarometer">Eurobarometer</a> survey in May 2022 found that 75% of Maltese would however support greater military cooperation within the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moldova">Moldova</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Moldova">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Moldova–NATO relations">Moldova–NATO relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moldovan_neutrality" title="Moldovan neutrality">Moldovan neutrality</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anatol_%C8%98alaru_at_NATO_meeting_in_Warsaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two older European men in suits and ties stand in front of flags." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Anatol_%C8%98alaru_at_NATO_meeting_in_Warsaw.jpg/220px-Anatol_%C8%98alaru_at_NATO_meeting_in_Warsaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Anatol_%C8%98alaru_at_NATO_meeting_in_Warsaw.jpg/330px-Anatol_%C8%98alaru_at_NATO_meeting_in_Warsaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Anatol_%C8%98alaru_at_NATO_meeting_in_Warsaw.jpg/440px-Anatol_%C8%98alaru_at_NATO_meeting_in_Warsaw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Former Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Anatol_%C8%98alaru" title="Anatol Șalaru">Anatol Șalaru</a> (left) attending a NATO meeting in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> gained independence in 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Moldova" title="Constitution of Moldova">country's current constitution</a> was adopted in 1994, and forbids the country from joining a military alliance, but some politicians, such as former Moldovan Minister of Defence <a href="/wiki/Vitalie_Marinu%C8%9Ba" title="Vitalie Marinuța">Vitalie Marinuța</a>, have suggested joining NATO as part of a larger European integration. Moldova joined NATO's <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> in 1994, and initiated an Individual Partnership Action Plan in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-eir_2013-01-09-283">[279]</a> Moldova also participates in NATO's peacekeeping force in Kosovo.<a href="#cite_note-moldova_politico-284">[280]</a> Following the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea by Russia</a>, NATO officials warned that <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_Transnistria" title="Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria">might seek to annex</a> <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a>, a breakaway Moldovan region.<a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a> This separatist issue could preclude Moldova from joining NATO.<a href="#cite_note-eir_2013-01-09-283">[279]</a> The current Prime Minister of Moldova, <a href="/wiki/Dorin_Recean" title="Dorin Recean">Dorin Recean</a>, supports <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> membership, but not NATO membership.<a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a> Moldova's President <a href="/wiki/Maia_Sandu" title="Maia Sandu">Maia Sandu</a> stated in January 2023 that there was "serious discussion" about joining "a larger alliance", though she didn't specifically name NATO.<a href="#cite_note-moldova_politico-284">[280]</a> The second largest alliance in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Moldova" title="Parliament of Moldova">parliament of Moldova</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Bloc_of_Communists_and_Socialists" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral Bloc of Communists and Socialists">Electoral Bloc of Communists and Socialists</a>, strongly opposes NATO membership.<a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> A poll in December 2018 found that, if given the choice in a referendum, 22% of Moldovans would vote in favor of joining NATO, while 32% would vote against it and 21% would be unsure.<a href="#cite_note-288">[284]</a> Some Moldovan politicians, including former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Iurie_Leanc%C4%83" title="Iurie Leancă">Iurie Leancă</a>, have also supported the idea of <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">unifying with neighboring Romania</a>, with which Moldova shares a language and much of its history, and a poll in April 2021 found that 43.9% of those surveyed supported that idea. <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> is a current member of both NATO and the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Serbia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Serbia–NATO relations">Serbia–NATO relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti_NATO_protests_in_Serbia_(29901614321).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A sidewalk with the words "SERBIA YES NATO NO YANKEE GO HOME!" spray painted in red." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Anti_NATO_protests_in_Serbia_%2829901614321%29.jpg/220px-Anti_NATO_protests_in_Serbia_%2829901614321%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Anti_NATO_protests_in_Serbia_%2829901614321%29.jpg/330px-Anti_NATO_protests_in_Serbia_%2829901614321%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Anti_NATO_protests_in_Serbia_%2829901614321%29.jpg/440px-Anti_NATO_protests_in_Serbia_%2829901614321%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5447" data-file-height="3457" /></a><figcaption>Anti-NATO graffiti on a bridge in <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Communist_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist government">communist government</a> sided with the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, but pursued a policy of <a href="/wiki/Neutrality_(international_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrality (international relations)">neutrality</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a> in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a> It was a <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement</a> in 1961. Since <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">that country's dissolution</a> most of its <a href="/wiki/Succession_of_states" title="Succession of states">successor states</a> have joined NATO, but the largest of them, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, has maintained neutrality. The <a href="/wiki/NATO_intervention_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina">NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> in 1992 against <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska" title="Army of Republika Srpska">Bosnia-Serbian forces</a> and the <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">NATO bombing</a> of targets in Serbia (then part of <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">FR Yugoslavia</a>) during the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a> in 1999 resulted in strained relations between Serbia and NATO.<a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a> After the overthrow of President <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> Serbia wanted to improve its relations with NATO, though membership in the military alliance remained highly controversial among political parties and society.<a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a> In the years under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87" title="Zoran Đinđić">Zoran Đinđić</a> the country (then <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a>) did not rule out joining NATO, but after <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87" title="Assassination of Zoran Đinđić">Đinđić's assassination</a> in 2003 Serbia increasingly started preferring a course of military neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">Serbia's Parliament</a> passed a resolution in 2007 which declared Serbia's <a href="/wiki/Neutral_country" title="Neutral country">military neutrality</a> until such time as a referendum could be held on the issue.<a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> Relations with NATO were further strained following <a href="/wiki/2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence" title="2008 Kosovo declaration of independence">Kosovo's declaration of independence</a> in 2008, while it was a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo">protectorate of the United Nations</a> with security support from NATO. Serbia was invited to and joined NATO's <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> program during the <a href="/wiki/2006_Riga_summit" title="2006 Riga summit">2006 Riga summit</a>, and in 2008 was invited to enter the intensified dialog program whenever the country was ready.<a href="#cite_note-b92_2008-04-03-134">[134]</a> On 1 October 2008, Serbian Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Dragan_%C5%A0utanovac" title="Dragan Šutanovac">Dragan Šutanovac</a> signed the Information Exchange Agreement with NATO, one of the prerequisites for fuller membership in the <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a> In April 2011 Serbia's request for an IPAP was approved by NATO,<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a> and Serbia submitted a draft IPAP in May 2013.<a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> The agreement was finalized on 15 January 2015.<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> Serbian President <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a>, in office since 2017, reiterated in March 2022 that his government was not interested in NATO membership.<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a> A poll that month suggested that 82% of Serbians opposed joining NATO, while only 10% supported the idea.<a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a> The minor <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Renewal_Movement" title="Serbian Renewal Movement">Serbian Renewal Movement</a>, which has two seats in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">National Assembly</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Serbia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Serbia)">Liberal Democratic Party</a>, which currently has none, remain the most vocal political parties in favor of NATO membership.<a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Serbia)" title="Democratic Party (Serbia)">Democratic Party</a> abandoned its pro-NATO attitude, claiming the Partnership for Peace is enough. Serbia maintains <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Russia–Serbia relations">close relations with Russia</a>, which are due to their shared stances on the Kosovo issue and popular affinity for Russia. Serbia and Belarus are the only European states that refused to impose sanctions on Russia in response to its <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-304">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_proposals">Other proposals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other proposals">edit</a>]</div> Some individuals have proposed expanding NATO outside of Europe, although doing so would require amending Article 10 of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a>, which specifically limits new membership to "any other European State in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area."<a href="#cite_note-Daalder-307">[303]</a> Christopher Sands of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a> proposed <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexican</a> membership of NATO in order to enhance NATO cooperation with Mexico and develop a "North American pillar" for regional security,<a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a> while Christopher Skaluba and Gabriela Doyle of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a> promoted the idea as way to support democracy in Latin America.<a href="#cite_note-309">[305]</a> In June 2013, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombian</a> President <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a> stated his hope that Colombia's cooperation with NATO could result in NATO membership, though his Foreign Minister, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Pinz%C3%B3n" title="Juan Carlos Pinzón">Juan Carlos Pinzon</a>, quickly clarified that Colombia is not actively seeking NATO membership.<a href="#cite_note-310">[306]</a> In June 2018, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> expressed its wish to join NATO,<a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a> but its application was rejected by NATO.<a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a> In March 2019, US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> made <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> a <a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">major non-NATO ally</a>, and expressed support for the eventual accession of Brazil into NATO.<a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a> France's Foreign Ministry responded to this by reiterating the limitations of Article 10 on new membership, and suggested that Brazil could instead seek to become a <a href="/wiki/NATO_global_partners" title="NATO global partners">global partner of NATO</a>, like Colombia.<a href="#cite_note-314">[310]</a> Several other current NATO global partners have been proposed as candidates for full membership. In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Daalder" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivo Daalder">Ivo Daalder</a>, later the US Ambassador to NATO, proposed a "global NATO" that would incorporate democratic states from around the world, including Asia-Pacific partners <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_Four" title="Indo-Pacific Four">Indo-Pacific Four</a> (IP4),<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[312]</a> who all signed on as global partners in the 2010s, as well as Brazil, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Daalder-307">[303]</a> In 2007, then-US presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> suggested including <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a> In 2020, Trump stated that Middle Eastern countries should be admitted to NATO.<a href="#cite_note-318">[314]</a> Because of its close ties to Europe, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> has been suggested as a future member and the government of Cape Verde suggested an interest in joining as recently as 2019.<a href="#cite_note-319">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a> Internal enlargement is the process of new member states arising from the break-up of or secession from an existing member state. There have been and are a number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_separatist_movements_in_Europe" title="List of active separatist movements in Europe">active separatist movements within member states</a>. After a long history of <a href="/wiki/NATO_debate_in_the_Scottish_National_Party" title="NATO debate in the Scottish National Party">opposition to NATO</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">separatist</a> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> agreed at its conference in 2012 that it wished for Scotland to retain its NATO membership were it to become independent from the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-321">[317]</a> In 2014, in the run up to the <a href="/wiki/2014_Catalan_self-determination_referendum" title="2014 Catalan self-determination referendum">self-determination referendum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalunya" title="Generalitat de Catalunya">Generalitat de Catalunya</a> published a memo suggesting an <a href="/wiki/Catalan_independence_movement" title="Catalan independence movement">independent Catalonia</a> would want to keep all of Spain's current foreign relationships, including NATO, though other nations, namely Belgium, have questioned whether quick membership for breakaway regions could encourage secessionist movements elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-322">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">NATO open door policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_NATO" title="Withdrawal from NATO">Withdrawal from NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">Major non-NATO ally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_Europe_by_military_expenditures" title="List of countries in Europe by military expenditures">List of countries in Europe by military expenditures</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHardingKoshiw2022" 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New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 103–104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-25993-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-25993-3"><bdi>978-0-300-25993-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018162346/https://books.google.com/books?id=4ghMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA103">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022. 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Retrieved 15 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Finnish+president+confirms+country+will+apply+to+join+NATO&rft.date=2022-05-15&rft.aulast=Lehto&rft.aufirst=Essi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffinnish-president-confirms-his-country-will-apply-join-nato-2022-05-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolander2022" class="citation news cs1">Rolander, Niclas (16 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-16/swedish-government-makes-formal-decision-to-apply-for-nato-entry">"Sweden Makes Formal Decision to Apply for NATO Membership"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Sweden+Makes+Formal+Decision+to+Apply+for+NATO+Membership&rft.date=2022-05-16&rft.aulast=Rolander&rft.aufirst=Niclas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-05-16%2Fswedish-government-makes-formal-decision-to-apply-for-nato-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-the_guardian_2022-05-1822-99"><a href="#cite_ref-the_guardian_2022-05-1822_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenley2022" class="citation web cs1">Henley, Jon (18 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/18/sweden-and-finland-formally-apply-to-join-nato">"Sweden and Finland formally apply to join Nato"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Bosnia+gets+Nato+membership+plan&rft.date=2010-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F8638794.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mfa.gov.ge/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98-%E1%83%93%E1%83%90-%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90-NATO.aspx?lang=en-US">"Information on NATO-Georgia Relations"</a>. mfa.gov.ge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303231050/https://mfa.gov.ge/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98-%E1%83%93%E1%83%90-%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90-NATO.aspx?lang=en-US">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mfa.gov.ge&rft.atitle=Information+on+NATO-Georgia+Relations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmfa.gov.ge%2F%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598-%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2590-%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259D-%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598-%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%2F%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A8%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598-%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1-%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590-NATO.aspx%3Flang%3Den-US&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=13613">"NATO Grants 'Intensified Dialogue' to Georgia"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NATO-Ukraine+Action+Plan&rft.pub=NATO&rft.date=2002-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fcps%2Far%2FSID-40166323-FEE6CCD2%2Fnatolive%2Fofficial_texts_19547.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/docu/update/2005/04-april/e0421b.htm">"NATO launches 'Intensified Dialogue' with Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. 21 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200715125804/https://www.nato.int/docu/update/2005/04-april/e0421b.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2020. 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Associated Press. 5 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708005440/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/07/05/nato-rules-out-admitting-new-members-anytime-soon/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2014. 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International Republican Institute. 10 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220227214613/https://www.iri.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/iri_bosnia_poll_february_2017.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Republican+Institute&rft.atitle=Bosnia+and+Herzegovina%3A+Attitudes+on+Violent+Extremism+and+Foreign+Influence&rft.date=2017-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iri.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F04%2Firi_bosnia_poll_february_2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328042929/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/164962/bosnia-39-s-nato-hopes-39-depend-on-serbia-39.html">"Bosnia's NATO hopes 'depend on Serbia'"</a>. The Journal of Turkish Weekly. 27 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/164962/bosnia-39-s-nato-hopes-39-depend-on-serbia-39.html">the original</a> on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Turkish+Weekly&rft.atitle=Bosnia%27s+NATO+hopes+%27depend+on+Serbia%27&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishweekly.net%2Fnews%2F164962%2Fbosnia-39-s-nato-hopes-39-depend-on-serbia-39.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018162714/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/bosnian-serbs-pass-resolution-against-nato-membership/2017/10/18/ced82e48-b3e0-11e7-9b93-b97043e57a22_story.html">"Bosnian Serbs pass resolution against NATO membership"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Associated Press. 18 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/bosnian-serbs-pass-resolution-against-nato-membership/2017/10/18/ced82e48-b3e0-11e7-9b93-b97043e57a22_story.html">the original</a> on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Bosnian+Serbs+pass+resolution+against+NATO+membership&rft.date=2017-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fbosnian-serbs-pass-resolution-against-nato-membership%2F2017%2F10%2F18%2Fced82e48-b3e0-11e7-9b93-b97043e57a22_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sarajevotimes.com/osmani-called-on-nato-to-accelerate-the-membership-process-for-bih-and-kosovo/">"Osmani called on NATO to accelerate the Membership Process for BiH and Kosovo"</a>. Sarajevo Times. 2 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303162140/https://sarajevotimes.com/osmani-called-on-nato-to-accelerate-the-membership-process-for-bih-and-kosovo/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sarajevo+Times&rft.atitle=Osmani+called+on+NATO+to+accelerate+the+Membership+Process+for+BiH+and+Kosovo&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsarajevotimes.com%2Fosmani-called-on-nato-to-accelerate-the-membership-process-for-bih-and-kosovo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_37750.htm">"NATO's relations with Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. 16 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421120443/https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_37750.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NATO%27s+relations+with+Ukraine&rft.pub=NATO&rft.date=2014-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fcps%2Fen%2Fnatolive%2Ftopics_37750.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYekelchyk2007202-172"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYekelchyk2007202_172-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYekelchyk2007">Yekelchyk 2007</a>, p. 202. </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/docu/update/2005/04-april/e0421b.htm">"NATO launches 'Intensified Dialogue' with Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. 20 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090511220357/http://www.nato.int/docu/update/2005/04-april/e0421b.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NATO+launches+%27Intensified+Dialogue%27+with+Ukraine&rft.pub=NATO&rft.date=2005-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fdocu%2Fupdate%2F2005%2F04-april%2Fe0421b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutin2002" class="citation web cs1">Putin, Vladimir (17 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230527193433/http://www.en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/21598">"Press Statement and Answers to Questions at a Joint News Conference with Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma"</a>. 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It is a matter for those two partners.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Statement+and+Answers+to+Questions+at+a+Joint+News+Conference+with+Ukrainian+President+Leonid+Kuchma&rft.date=2002-05-17&rft.aulast=Putin&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.kremlin.ru%2Fevents%2Fpresident%2Ftranscripts%2F21598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmbrosio2013150–154-175"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmbrosio2013150–154_175-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmbrosio2013">Ambrosio 2013</a>, pp. 150–154. </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlanger2008" class="citation news cs1">Erlanger, Steven (5 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/05/world/europe/05nato.html">"Putin, at NATO Meeting, Curbs Combative Rhetoric"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310020343/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/05/world/europe/05nato.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Putin%2C+at+NATO+Meeting%2C+Curbs+Combative+Rhetoric&rft.date=2008-04-05&rft.aulast=Erlanger&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F04%2F05%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F05nato.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=227513&Cat=1&dt=3%2F24%2F2010">"Ukraine vows new page in ties with Russia"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ukraine+drops+Nato+membership+pursuit&rft.date=2010-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fukraine%2F7774665%2FUkraine-drops-Nato-membership-pursuit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukraines-yanukovych-eu-ties-a-key-priority-60720.html">"Ukraine's Yanukovych: EU ties a 'key priority'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>. 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Retrieved 26 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=Georgia+is+not+trying+to+appease+Russia%2C+its+president+tells+Euronews&rft.date=2022-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2022%2F03%2F15%2Fgeorgia-not-in-the-same-situation-as-nato-countries-president-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabritchidze2022" class="citation news cs1">Gabritchidze, Nini (16 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurasianet.org/georgia-facing-tough-questions-with-bid-for-eu-membership">"Georgia facing tough questions with bid for EU membership"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurasianet" title="Eurasianet">Eurasianet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220519191718/https://eurasianet.org/georgia-facing-tough-questions-with-bid-for-eu-membership">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurasianet&rft.atitle=Georgia+facing+tough+questions+with+bid+for+EU+membership&rft.date=2022-05-16&rft.aulast=Gabritchidze&rft.aufirst=Nini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurasianet.org%2Fgeorgia-facing-tough-questions-with-bid-for-eu-membership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vs.rs/sr_cyr/jedinice/vojska-srbije">"Војска Србије"</a> (in Serbian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512174301/https://www.vs.rs/sr_cyr/jedinice/vojska-srbije">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vs.rs%2Fsr_cyr%2Fjedinice%2Fvojska-srbije&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRevill2022" class="citation news cs1">Revill, John (16 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/neutral-switzerland-leans-closer-nato-response-russia-2022-05-15/">"Analysis: Neutral Switzerland leans closer to NATO in response to Russia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517232224/https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/neutral-switzerland-leans-closer-nato-response-russia-2022-05-15/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Analysis%3A+Neutral+Switzerland+leans+closer+to+NATO+in+response+to+Russia&rft.date=2022-05-16&rft.aulast=Revill&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fmarkets%2Feurope%2Fneutral-switzerland-leans-closer-nato-response-russia-2022-05-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt_2010-10-24-217">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2010-10-24_217-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2010-10-24_217-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDempsey2010" class="citation news cs1">Dempsey, Judy (24 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/world/europe/25iht-letter.html">"Between the European Union and NATO, Many Walls"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331215418/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/world/europe/25iht-letter.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Between+the+European+Union+and+NATO%2C+Many+Walls&rft.date=2010-11-24&rft.aulast=Dempsey&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F25%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F25iht-letter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/news/world/azerbaijan-not-to-join-nato_850713.html">"Azerbaijan not to join NATO"</a>. 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Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230221235607/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-politics-government-austria-moscow-cd43bd689dfbd8c674c1b6d9d214d86f">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Neutral+Austria+under+pressure+to+get+tougher+on+Russia&rft.date=2023-02-12&rft.aulast=Liechtenstein&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-ukraine-politics-government-austria-moscow-cd43bd689dfbd8c674c1b6d9d214d86f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter" class="citation web cs1">Walter, Jan D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/will-austria-abandon-neutrality-to-join-nato/a-61880804">"Will Austria abandon neutrality to join NATO?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 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Retrieved 22 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neutrality+or+NATO%3F+Irish+attitudes+to+neutrality+and+possible+NATO+membership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firp.cdn-website.com%2F720becc0%2Ffiles%2Fuploaded%2FIrelands%2520views%2520on%2520neutrality%2520and%2520possible%2520NATO%2520membership%2520August%25202022%2520WEB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhyte2023" class="citation web cs1">Whyte, Barry J. (25 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesspost.ie/news/plenty-of-people-not-sure-where-they-stand-on-nato-membership/">"Plenty of people not sure where they stand on Nato membership"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kosovo+seeks+to+join+international+organisations&rft.pub=Turkish+Weekly&rft.date=2012-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishweekly.net%2Fnews%2F138718%2Fkosovo-seeks-to-join-international-organisations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222223555/http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=1,4,2335&offset=1">"Hoxhaj në Mitrovicë, Kosova anëtarësohet në NATO para 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Kosovo)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kosovo)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo</a>. 16 May 2014. 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Retrieved 16 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hoxhaj+n%C3%AB+Mitrovic%C3%AB%2C+Kosova+an%C3%ABtar%C3%ABsohet+n%C3%AB+NATO+para+2022&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Kosovo&rft.date=2014-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa-ks.net%2F%3Fpage%3D1%2C4%2C2335%26offset%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://top-channel.tv/english/kosovo-pm-after-approving-army-kosovo-will-apply-for-nato/">"Kosovo PM: "After approving army, Kosovo will apply for NATO""</a>. top-channel.tv. 7 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731014619/http://top-channel.tv/english/kosovo-pm-after-approving-army-kosovo-will-apply-for-nato/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2020. 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Retrieved 8 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MALTA+CONFIRMS+BREAK+WITH+NATO&rft.date=1971-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1971%2F08%2F17%2Farchives%2Fmalta-confirms-break-with-nato-but-mintoff-says-members-can-buy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.mt/eli/act/1974/58/eng/pdf">"Act. LVIII of 1974 – Constitution of Malta (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, 1974"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Relations+with+Malta&rft.pub=NATO&rft.date=2021-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fcps%2Fen%2Fnatohq%2Ftopics_52108.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/science/country-fliers/Malta.pdf">"Country Flyer 2021 — Malta"</a> (PDF). The NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220525163642/https://www.nato.int/science/country-fliers/Malta.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+NATO+Science+for+Peace+and+Security+Programme&rft.atitle=Country+Flyer+2021+%E2%80%94+Malta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fscience%2Fcountry-fliers%2FMalta.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/two-in-three-maltese-strongly-support-neutrality-survey.933304">"Two in three Maltese strongly support neutrality – survey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Malta" title="Times of Malta">Times of Malta</a>. 9 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220522145604/https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/two-in-three-maltese-strongly-support-neutrality-survey.933304">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2022. 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Moldova eyes joining 'a larger alliance'"</a>. Politico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230121000423/https://www.politico.eu/article/maia-sandu-moldova-nato-alliance-joining-ukraine-war-russia-invasion/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2023. 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Politico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331002814/http://www.politico.eu/article/dorin-recean-moldovan-parliament-approves-new-government-under-pro-western-pm-sandu-russia-moscow/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2023. 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Atlantic Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220509221306/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/content-series/defense-industrialist/the-military-implications-of-catalonian-secession-an-update-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlantic+Council&rft.atitle=The+military+implications+of+Catalonian+secession%E2%80%94an+update&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft.aulast=Hasik&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2Fcontent-series%2Fdefense-industrialist%2Fthe-military-implications-of-catalonian-secession-an-update-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbrosio2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ambrosio" title="Thomas Ambrosio">Ambrosio, Thomas</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gG1kLrmKrfEC&pg=PA150">Authoritarian Backlash: Russian Resistance to Democratization in the Former Soviet Union</a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-9889-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-9889-6"><bdi>978-1-4094-9889-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144812/https://books.google.com/books?id=gG1kLrmKrfEC&pg=PA150">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Authoritarian+Backlash%3A+Russian+Resistance+to+Democratization+in+the+Former+Soviet+Union&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-9889-6&rft.aulast=Ambrosio&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgG1kLrmKrfEC%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgius2006" class="citation book cs1">Agius, Christine (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ALBZJ3sG_EgC&pg=PA104">The social construction of Swedish neutrality: Challenges to Swedish identity and sovereignty</a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84779-199-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84779-199-3"><bdi>978-1-84779-199-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144812/https://books.google.com/books?id=ALBZJ3sG_EgC&pg=PA104">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+social+construction+of+Swedish+neutrality%3A+Challenges+to+Swedish+identity+and+sovereignty&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84779-199-3&rft.aulast=Agius&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DALBZJ3sG_EgC%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarany2003" class="citation book cs1">Barany, Zoltan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=txlteD2HG9EC&pg=PA16">The Future of NATO Expansion: Four Case Studies</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44044-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44044-8"><bdi>978-1-139-44044-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144812/https://books.google.com/books?id=txlteD2HG9EC&pg=PA16">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+NATO+Expansion%3A+Four+Case+Studies&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-139-44044-8&rft.aulast=Barany&rft.aufirst=Zoltan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtxlteD2HG9EC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidLevesque1999" class="citation book cs1">David, Charles-Philippe; Levesque, Jacques (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U0DKEhe7Z6EC&pg=PA200">Future of NATO: Enlargement, Russia, and European Security</a>. McGill-Queen's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-6785-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-6785-6"><bdi>978-0-7735-6785-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144813/https://books.google.com/books?id=U0DKEhe7Z6EC&pg=PA200">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Future+of+NATO%3A+Enlargement%2C+Russia%2C+and+European+Security&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-6785-6&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Charles-Philippe&rft.au=Levesque%2C+Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU0DKEhe7Z6EC%26pg%3DPA200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrappiCarati2009" class="citation book cs1">Frappi, Carlo; Carati, Andrea (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gEob0P4--JcC&pg=PA50">NATO in the 60th anniversary of the North Atlantic Treaty</a>. FrancoAngeli. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-568-1977-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-568-1977-9"><bdi>978-88-568-1977-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144813/https://books.google.com/books?id=gEob0P4--JcC&pg=PA50">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NATO+in+the+60th+anniversary+of+the+North+Atlantic+Treaty&rft.pub=FrancoAngeli&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-88-568-1977-9&rft.aulast=Frappi&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rft.au=Carati%2C+Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgEob0P4--JcC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGheciu2005" class="citation book cs1">Gheciu, Alexandra (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o8FvL55amrIC&pg=PA72">NATO in the New Europe: The Politics of International Socialization After the Cold War</a>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-6766-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-6766-8"><bdi>978-0-8047-6766-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144813/https://books.google.com/books?id=o8FvL55amrIC&pg=PA72">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NATO+in+the+New+Europe%3A+The+Politics+of+International+Socialization+After+the+Cold+War&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-6766-8&rft.aulast=Gheciu&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do8FvL55amrIC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldgeierShifrinson2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Goldgeier" title="James Goldgeier">Goldgeier, James</a>; Shifrinson, Joshua R. Itzkowitz, eds. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3i-wEAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1">Evaluating NATO Enlargement: From Cold War Victory to the Russia-Ukraine War</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-031-23364-7">10.1007/978-3-031-23364-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-23364-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-23364-7"><bdi>978-3-031-23364-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:257156181">257156181</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328181358/https://books.google.com/books?id=3i-wEAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evaluating+NATO+Enlargement%3A+From+Cold+War+Victory+to+the+Russia-Ukraine+War&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A257156181%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-031-23364-7&rft.isbn=978-3-031-23364-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3i-wEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Goldgeier, James. "NATO Enlargement and the Problem of Value Complexity." Journal of Cold War Studies (2020) 22#4 pp 146–174</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorbachev1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev, Mikhail</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoirsgorb00gorb">Memoirs</a>. London: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-40668-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-40668-0"><bdi>978-0-385-40668-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-385-40668-0&rft.aulast=Gorbachev&rft.aufirst=Mikhail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemoirsgorb00gorb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrenfellJopling2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Grenfell,_3rd_Baron_Grenfell" title="Julian Grenfell, 3rd Baron Grenfell">Grenfell, Julian</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jopling,_Baron_Jopling" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Jopling, Baron Jopling">Jopling, Thomas Michael</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=luPEikc7-0oC&pg=PA13">FRONTEX: the EU external borders agency, 9th report of session 2007–08</a>. House of Lords Stationery Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-10-401232-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-10-401232-1"><bdi>978-0-10-401232-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144813/https://books.google.com/books?id=luPEikc7-0oC&pg=PA13">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FRONTEX%3A+the+EU+external+borders+agency%2C+9th+report+of+session+2007%E2%80%9308&rft.pub=House+of+Lords+Stationery+Office&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-10-401232-1&rft.aulast=Grenfell&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.au=Jopling%2C+Thomas+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DluPEikc7-0oC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFItzkowitz_Shifrinson2016" class="citation journal cs1">Itzkowitz Shifrinson, Joshua R. (2016). "Deal or No Deal? The End of the Cold War and the U.S. Offer to Limit NATO Expansion". International Security. 40 (4): 7–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FISEC_a_00236">10.1162/ISEC_a_00236</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57562966">57562966</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Deal+or+No+Deal%3F+The+End+of+the+Cold+War+and+the+U.S.+Offer+to+Limit+NATO+Expansion&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2FISEC_a_00236&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57562966%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Itzkowitz+Shifrinson&rft.aufirst=Joshua+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagone2009" class="citation book cs1">Magone, José María (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vbh5UkfRtbAC&pg=PA385">Contemporary Spanish Politics</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-42188-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-42188-1"><bdi>978-0-415-42188-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144815/https://books.google.com/books?id=vbh5UkfRtbAC&pg=PA385">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Spanish+Politics&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-42188-1&rft.aulast=Magone&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvbh5UkfRtbAC%26pg%3DPA385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2006" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Simon C. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NcNiMSATVDUC&pg=PA446">Malta: British documents on the end of empire</a>. University of London Institute of Commonwealth Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-11-290590-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-11-290590-5"><bdi>978-0-11-290590-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144816/https://books.google.com/books?id=NcNiMSATVDUC&pg=PA446">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malta%3A+British+documents+on+the+end+of+empire&rft.pub=University+of+London+Institute+of+Commonwealth+Studies&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-11-290590-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Simon+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNcNiMSATVDUC%26pg%3DPA446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Spohr, Kristina. "Precluded or precedent-setting? The 'NATO enlargement question' in the triangular Bonn-Washington-Moscow diplomacy of 1990–1991." Journal of Cold War Studies 14.4 (2012): 4–54. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://direct.mit.edu/jcws/article-pdf/14/4/4/698114/jcws_a_00275.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225181939/https://direct.mit.edu/jcws/article-pdf/14/4/4/698114/jcws_a_00275.pdf">Archived</a> 25 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThiele2005" class="citation book cs1">Thiele, Ralph (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qHjx_RTGYxQC&pg=PA73">Mediterranean Security After EU and NATO Enlargement</a>. Rubbettino Editore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-498-1037-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-498-1037-0"><bdi>978-88-498-1037-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144816/https://books.google.com/books?id=qHjx_RTGYxQC&pg=PA73">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mediterranean+Security+After+EU+and+NATO+Enlargement&rft.pub=Rubbettino+Editore&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-88-498-1037-0&rft.aulast=Thiele&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqHjx_RTGYxQC%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Trachtenberg, Marc. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/polisci/faculty/trachtenberg/cv/1990.pdf">The United States and the NATO Non-extension Assurances of 1990: New Light on an Old Problem?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126134122/http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/polisci/faculty/trachtenberg/cv/1990.pdf">Archived</a> 26 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" International Security 45:3 (2021): 162–203. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00395">The United States and the NATO Non-extension Assurances of 1990: New Light on an Old Problem?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220518171918/https://direct.mit.edu/isec/article-abstract/45/3/162/95270/The-United-States-and-the-NATO-Non-extension?redirectedFrom=fulltext">Archived</a> 18 May 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issforum.org/to/iar151">online commentary on H-DIPLO 2021</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220518171917/https://issforum.org/articlereviews/151-NATO">Archived</a> 18 May 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrifunovska1996" class="citation book cs1">Trifunovska, Snežana (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LI6nQwERi8oC&pg=PA16">The Transatlantic Alliance on the Eve of the New Millennium</a>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-0243-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-0243-0"><bdi>978-90-411-0243-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144817/https://books.google.com/books?id=LI6nQwERi8oC&pg=PA16">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transatlantic+Alliance+on+the+Eve+of+the+New+Millennium&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-90-411-0243-0&rft.aulast=Trifunovska&rft.aufirst=Sne%C5%BEana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLI6nQwERi8oC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrifunovska2010" class="citation book cs1">Trifunovska, Snežana (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZXH7R5sQTMC&pg=PA36">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a>. Kluwer Law International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-3328-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-3328-1"><bdi>978-90-411-3328-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+Atlantic+Treaty+Organization&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-411-3328-1&rft.aulast=Trifunovska&rft.aufirst=Sne%C5%BEana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ZXH7R5sQTMC%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolchikCurry2011" class="citation book cs1">Wolchik, Sharon L.; Curry, Jane Leftwich (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BjVNJ1REkoEC&pg=PA148">Central and East European Politics: From Communism to Democracy</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-6734-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-6734-4"><bdi>978-0-7425-6734-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144817/https://books.google.com/books?id=BjVNJ1REkoEC&pg=PA148">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+and+East+European+Politics%3A+From+Communism+to+Democracy&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-6734-4&rft.aulast=Wolchik&rft.aufirst=Sharon+L.&rft.au=Curry%2C+Jane+Leftwich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBjVNJ1REkoEC%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYekelchyk2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Serhy_Yekelchyk" title="Serhy Yekelchyk">Yekelchyk, Serhy</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2CHiBwAAQBAJ">Ukraine: Birth of a Modern Nation</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530546-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530546-3"><bdi>978-0-19-530546-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112144818/https://books.google.com/books?id=2CHiBwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine%3A+Birth+of+a+Modern+Nation&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530546-3&rft.aulast=Yekelchyk&rft.aufirst=Serhy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2CHiBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?519437-1/qa-mary-sarotte">Q&A interview with Sarotte on Not One Inch, April 17, 2022</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Goldgeier, James and Joshua Shifrinson, (eds.). Evaluating NATO Enlargement: From Cold War Victory to the Russia-Ukraine War. (Springer, 2023). ISBN 9783031233647 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issforum.org/ISSF/PDF/RE79.pdf">online book review</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldgeierShifrinson2020" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Goldgeier" title="James Goldgeier">Goldgeier, James</a>; Shifrinson, Joshua R. Itzkowitz (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/23894244">"Evaluating NATO enlargement: scholarly debates, policy implications, and roads not taken"</a>. International Politics. 57 (3): 291–321. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41311-020-00243-7">10.1057/s41311-020-00243-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2144%2F41809">2144/41809</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:256557131">256557131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Politics&rft.atitle=Evaluating+NATO+enlargement%3A+scholarly+debates%2C+policy+implications%2C+and+roads+not+taken&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E291-%3C%2Fspan%3E321&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2144%2F41809&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A256557131%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fs41311-020-00243-7&rft.aulast=Goldgeier&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Shifrinson%2C+Joshua+R.+Itzkowitz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffigshare.com%2Farticles%2Fjournal_contribution%2F23894244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Miles, Simon. 2024. "<a href="//doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00477" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1162/isec a 00477">We All Fall Down: The Dismantling of the Warsaw Pact and the End of the Cold War in Eastern Europe</a>." International Security 48 (3): 51–85.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadchenko2020" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Radchenko" title="Sergey Radchenko">Radchenko, Sergey</a> (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/135043/1/Nothing%2Bbut%2BHumiliation%2Bfor%2BRussia.pdf">"'Nothing but humiliation for Russia': Moscow and NATO's eastern enlargement, 1993-1995"</a> (PDF). Journal of Strategic Studies. 43 (6–7): 769–815. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01402390.2020.1820331">10.1080/01402390.2020.1820331</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224916198">224916198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Strategic+Studies&rft.atitle=%27Nothing+but+humiliation+for+Russia%27%3A+Moscow+and+NATO%27s+eastern+enlargement%2C+1993-1995&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E769-%3C%2Fspan%3E815&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01402390.2020.1820331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224916198%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Radchenko&rft.aufirst=Sergey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forca.cardiff.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F135043%2F1%2FNothing%252Bbut%252BHumiliation%252Bfor%252BRussia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarotte2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elise_Sarotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Elise Sarotte">Sarotte, Mary Elise</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ghMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1">Not One Inch: America, Russia, and the Making of Post-Cold War Stalemate</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-25993-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-25993-3"><bdi>978-0-300-25993-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Not+One+Inch%3A+America%2C+Russia%2C+and+the+Making+of+Post-Cold+War+Stalemate&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-300-25993-3&rft.aulast=Sarotte&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ghMEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnlargement+of+NATO" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enlargement_of_NATO&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_49212.htm">Official NATO enlargement site</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Template:Enlargement of NATO"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Template talk:Enlargement of NATO"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Enlargement of NATO"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enlargement_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization1359" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Past_enlargements">Enlargement</a> of the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Past_enlargements">1952</a> (Greece, Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Germany#NATO_membership" title="West Germany">1955</a> (West Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1975%E2%80%93present)#The_dissolution_of_UCD_and_the_23-F_(1979–1982)" title="History of Spain (1975–present)">1982</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification#International_effects" title="German reunification">1990</a> (German reunification)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Visegrád_Group">1999</a> (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Vilnius_Group">2004</a> (Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Adriatic_Charter">2009</a> (Albania, Croatia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Montenegro–NATO relations">2017</a> (Montenegro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="North Macedonia–NATO relations">2020</a> (North Macedonia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">2023</a> (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">2024</a> (Sweden)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Partners_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization256" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NATO_partners" title="Template:NATO partners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NATO_partners" title="Template talk:NATO partners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NATO_partners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NATO partners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Partners_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization256" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Partners of the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a> (EAPC) · <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> (PfP)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Current_status">Aspirant members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Georgia–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Individual_Partnership_Action_Plan" title="Individual Partnership Action Plan">Individual Partnership Action Plan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Armenia–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Azerbaijan–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Moldova–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Serbia–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Austria–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Belarus–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ireland–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Malta–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Switzerland–NATO relations">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization3773" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" title="Template:North Atlantic Treaty Organization"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" title="Template talk:North Atlantic Treaty Organization"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North Atlantic Treaty Organization"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization3773" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animus_in_consulendo_liber" title="Animus in consulendo liber">Animus in consulendo liber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_NATO" title="Flag of NATO">Flag of NATO</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_NATO_Hymn" title="The NATO Hymn">The NATO Hymn</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Day" title="NATO Day">NATO Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Star" title="NATO Star">NATO Star</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_NATO" title="History of NATO">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_summit" title="NATO summit">Summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_operations" title="List of NATO operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_exercises" title="List of NATO exercises">List of exercises</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Enlargement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_NATO" title="Withdrawal from NATO">potential withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to NATO">Opposition to NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.nato" title=".nato">.nato Internet domain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_NATO" title="Structure of NATO">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO_headquarters" title="NATO headquarters">NATO headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Council" title="North Atlantic Council">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="International Staff">International Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Staff" title="International Military Staff">International Military Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe">Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Command" title="Allied Air Command">Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Land_Command" title="Allied Land Command">Land Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Maritime_Command" title="Allied Maritime Command">Maritime Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum" title="Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum">JFC Brunssum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples" title="Allied Joint Force Command Naples">JFC Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk" title="Joint Force Command Norfolk">JFC Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command" title="Joint Support and Enabling Command">Joint Support and Enabling Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Striking_and_Support_Forces_NATO" title="Naval Striking and Support Forces NATO">STRIKFORNATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHAPE_International_Band" title="SHAPE International Band">SHAPE International Band</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Command_Transformation" title="Allied Command Transformation">Allied Command Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="NATO Parliamentary Assembly">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standardization_agreement" title="Standardization agreement">Standardization agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_NATO" title="Secretary General of NATO">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" title="Chair of the NATO Military Committee">Chair of the Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Command_Transformation#Organization" title="Allied Command Transformation">Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO" title="Member states of NATO">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Armed_Forces" title="Bulgarian Armed Forces">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Croatia" title="Armed Forces of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Army of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence" title="Danish Defence">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Defence_Forces" title="Estonian Defence Forces">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Armed_Forces" title="Hellenic Armed Forces">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Defence_Forces" title="Hungarian Defence Forces">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_of_Iceland" title="Defence of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Latvian National Armed Forces">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Armed_Forces" title="Lithuanian Armed Forces">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Armed_Forces" title="Luxembourg Armed Forces">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Montenegro" title="Armed Forces of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Armed_Forces" title="Netherlands Armed Forces">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_North_Macedonia" title="Army of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Armed_Forces" title="Slovak Armed Forces">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Armed_Forces" title="Slovenian Armed Forces">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_NATO" title="Foreign relations of NATO">Multilateral relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Treaty_Association" title="Atlantic Treaty Association">Atlantic Treaty Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Dialogue" title="Mediterranean Dialogue">Mediterranean Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_Partnership_Action_Plan" title="Individual Partnership Action Plan">Individual Partnership Action Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_Four" title="Indo-Pacific Four">Indo-Pacific Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Cooperation_Initiative" title="Istanbul Cooperation Initiative">Istanbul Cooperation Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">Major non-NATO ally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_global_partners" title="NATO global partners">NATO global partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">Open door policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">Relationship with the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Relationship with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Controversy_in_Russia_regarding_the_legitimacy_of_eastward_NATO_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion">eastward NATO expansion issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Science_for_Peace_and_Security" title="NATO Science for Peace and Security">Science for Peace and Security</a> (SPS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a> (METO/CENTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact_(1953)" title="Balkan Pact (1953)">Balkan Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">Southeast Asia Treaty Organization</a> (SEATO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_Gap" title="Suwałki Gap">Suwałki Gap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine196" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine196" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview4778" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(24_February_%E2%80%93_7_April_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February – 7 April 2022)">Feb – Apr 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_April_%E2%80%93_28_August_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 April – 28 August 2022)">Apr – Aug 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(29_August_%E2%80%93_11_November_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (29 August – 11 November 2022)">Aug – Nov 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(12_November_2022_%E2%80%93_7_June_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (12 November 2022 – 7 June 2023)">Nov 2022 – Jun 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_June_2023_%E2%80%93_31_August_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 June 2023 – 31 August 2023)">Jun – Aug 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_September_%E2%80%93_30_November_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 September – 30 November 2023)">Sep – Nov 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 December 2023 – 31 March 2024)">Dec 2023 – Mar 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_April_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 April – 31 July 2024)">Apr – Jul 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_August_%E2%80%93_31_December_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 August – 31 December 2024)">Aug – Dec 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_January_2025_%E2%80%93_present)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 January 2025 – present)">Jan 2025 – present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Aerial warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Aerial warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_defense_lines_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian defense lines during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Defense lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Information war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Naval warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Naval warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Legality of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Russo-Ukrainian War detailed map">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_order_of_battle" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine order of battle">Order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Peace negotiations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Peace_Formula" title="Ukraine's Peace Formula">Ukraine's Peace Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">China peace proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Ukraine_peace_summit" title="June 2024 Ukraine peace summit">June 2024 peace summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_no-fly_zone_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Proposed no-fly zone in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Proposed no-fly zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_lines_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Red lines in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Red lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_from_Russia_after_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Reparations from Russia after the Russo-Ukrainian War">Reparations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_control_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Territorial control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">Reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction">Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Black_Sea_incident" title="2021 Black Sea incident">2021 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis" title="Belarus–European Union border crisis">Belarus–European Union border crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians" title="On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians">On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Platform" title="Crimea Platform">Crimea Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapad_2021" title="Zapad 2021">Zapad 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2021_Russian_ultimatum_to_NATO" title="December 2021 Russian ultimatum to NATO">December 2021 ultimatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">2022 Ukraine cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zametil_2022" title="Zametil 2022">Zametil 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Resolve_2022" title="Union Resolve 2022">Union Resolve 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_trilateral_pact" title="British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact">British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_evacuation_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 evacuation of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_mobilization_in_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 mobilization in the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Address_concerning_the_events_in_Ukraine" title="Address concerning the events in Ukraine">Address concerning the events in Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation" title="On conducting a special military operation">On conducting a special military operation</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022 timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">humanitarian situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiya" title="Novorossiya">Novorossiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Belarus–Ukraine relations">Belarus–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Belarus–Russia relations">Belarus–Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ukraine–United States relations">Ukraine–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine–NATO</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">enlargement of NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversy_in_Russia_regarding_the_legitimacy_of_eastward_NATO_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion">eastward expansion controversy in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">open door policy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military_engagements7617" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of military engagements during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Military engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ukraine campaign">Southern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Snake Island campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol" title="Siege of Mariupol">Siege of Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kherson" title="Battle of Kherson">Battle of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Melitopol" title="Capture of Melitopol">Capture of Melitopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mykolaiv" title="Battle of Mykolaiv">Battle of Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Enerhodar" title="Battle of Enerhodar">Battle of Enerhodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Voznesensk" title="Battle of Voznesensk">Battle of Voznesensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Huliaipole" title="Battle of Huliaipole">Battle of Huliaipole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Davydiv_Brid" title="Battle of Davydiv Brid">Battle of Davydiv Brid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kherson_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kherson counteroffensive">Kherson counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kherson" title="Liberation of Kherson">Liberation of Kherson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper_campaign_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnieper campaign (2022–present)">Dnieper campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Ukraine campaign">Eastern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Volnovakha" title="Battle of Volnovakha">Battle of Volnovakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">Battle of Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Izium" title="Battle of Izium">Battle of Izium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rubizhne" title="Battle of Rubizhne">Battle of Rubizhne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Popasna" title="Battle of Popasna">Battle of Popasna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Battle of Marinka (2022–2023)">Battle of Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donbas_(2022)" title="Battle of Donbas (2022)">Battle of Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Siverskyi_Donets" title="Battle of the Siverskyi Donets">Battle of the Siverskyi Donets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2022)" title="Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)">Battle of Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lysychansk" title="Battle of Lysychansk">Battle of Lysychansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pisky" title="Battle of Pisky">Battle of Pisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut" title="Battle of Bakhmut">Battle of Bakhmut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soledar" title="Battle of Soledar">Battle of Soledar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vuhledar" title="Battle of Vuhledar">Battle of Vuhledar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kharkiv_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive">Kharkiv counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyman_(September%E2%80%93October_2022)" title="Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)">Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast_campaign" title="Luhansk Oblast campaign">Luhansk Oblast campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2023–2024)">Battle of Avdiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chasiv_Yar" title="Battle of Chasiv Yar">Battle of Chasiv Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnohorivka" title="Battle of Krasnohorivka">Battle of Krasnohorivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ocheretyne" title="Battle of Ocheretyne">Battle of Ocheretyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toretsk" title="Battle of Toretsk">Battle of Toretsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive" title="Pokrovsk offensive">Pokrovsk offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurakhove" title="Battle of Kurakhove">Battle of Kurakhove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ukraine campaign">Northern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport" title="Battle of Antonov Airport">Battle of Antonov Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Chernobyl" title="Capture of Chernobyl">Capture of Chernobyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kyiv (2022)">Battle of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hostomel" title="Battle of Hostomel">Battle of Hostomel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucha" title="Battle of Bucha">Battle of Bucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Irpin" title="Battle of Irpin">Battle of Irpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makariv" title="Battle of Makariv">Battle of Makariv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Kyiv_convoy" title="Russian Kyiv convoy">Russian Kyiv convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moshchun" title="Battle of Moshchun">Battle of Moshchun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kozarovychi_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kozarovychi Dam">Destruction of the Kozarovychi Dam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brovary" title="Battle of Brovary">Battle of Brovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slavutych" title="Battle of Slavutych">Battle of Slavutych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sumy" title="Battle of Sumy">Battle of Sumy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chernihiv" title="Siege of Chernihiv">Siege of Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_border_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern Ukraine–Russia border skirmishes">Northeastern border skirmishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_raid" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast raid">Bryansk Oblast raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_drone_attack" title="Kremlin drone attack">Kremlin drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_May_2023_Moscow_drone_strikes" title="30 May 2023 Moscow drone strikes">Moscow drone strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_Oblast_incursions" title="2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions">2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_December_2023_Belgorod_shelling" title="30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling">30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" title="February 2024 Belgorod missile strike">February 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2024 Belgorod missile strike">May 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2024_western_Russia_incursion" title="March 2024 western Russia incursion">March 2024 western Russia incursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kursk_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kursk offensive">2024 Kursk offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_occupation_of_Kursk_Oblast" title="Ukrainian occupation of Kursk Oblast">occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Olgovskiy_Forest" title="Battles for Olgovskiy Forest">Battles for Olgovskiy Forest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropets_depot_explosions" title="Toropets depot explosions">Toropets depot explosions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes by city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Chernihiv strikes (2022–present)">Chernihiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnipro strikes (2022–present)">Dnipro strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Ivano-Frankivsk strikes (2022–present)">Ivano-Frankivsk strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kharkiv strikes (2022–present)">Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kherson strikes (2022–present)">Kherson strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Khmelnytskyi strikes (2022–present)">Khmelnytskyi strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kryvyi Rih strikes (2022–present)">Kryvyi Rih strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kyiv strikes (2022–present)">Kyiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Lviv strikes (2022–present)">Lviv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Mykolaiv strikes (2022–present)">Mykolaiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Odesa strikes (2022–present)">Odesa strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rivne strikes (2022–present)">Rivne strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Vinnytsia strikes (2022–present)">Vinnytsia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zaporizhzhia strikes (2022–present)">Zaporizhzhia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zhytomyr attacks (2022–present)">Zhytomyr strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes on military targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuhuiv_air_base_attack" title="Chuhuiv air base attack">Chuhuiv air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerovo_air_base_attack" title="Millerovo air base attack">Millerovo air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Saky_air_base_attack" title="2022 Saky air base attack">Chornobaivka (Saky) attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_barracks_attack" title="7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack">7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavoriv_military_base_attack" title="Yavoriv military base attack">Yavoriv military base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_quarters_attack" title="18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack">18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Berdiansk_port_attack" title="2022 Berdiansk port attack">Berdiansk port attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Moskva" title="Sinking of the Moskva">Sinking of the Moskva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desna_barracks_airstrike" title="Desna barracks airstrike">Desna barracks airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_attack_on_Nova_Kakhovka" title="2022 attack on Nova Kakhovka">Attack on Nova Kakhovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Crimea attacks (2022–present)">Crimea attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Novofedorivka_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Novofedorivka explosions">Novofedorivka explosions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_drone_attack_on_the_Sevastopol_Naval_Base" title="2022 drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base">Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_strike_on_the_Black_Sea_Fleet_headquarters" title="Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters">Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyagilevo_and_Engels_air_bases_attacks" title="Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks">Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_military_quarters_shelling" title="Makiivka military quarters shelling">Makiivka military quarters shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machulishchy_air_base_attack" title="Machulishchy air base attack">Machulishchy air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarichne_barracks_airstrike" title="Zarichne barracks airstrike">Zarichne barracks airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_resistance_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian resistance during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_Ukraine" title="Popular Resistance of Ukraine">Popular Resistance of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berdiansk_Partisan_Army" title="Berdiansk Partisan Army">Berdiansk Partisan Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Ribbon_(movement)" title="Yellow Ribbon (movement)">Yellow Ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atesh" title="Atesh">Atesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_and_Russian_partisan_movement_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)">Belarus and Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Vladlen_Tatarsky" title="Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky">Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Council_(Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine)" title="Civic Council (Armed Forces of Ukraine)">Civic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_Declaration" title="Irpin Declaration">Irpin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darya_Dugina#Killing" title="Darya Dugina">Killing of Darya Dugina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army_(Russia)" title="National Republican Army (Russia)">National Republican Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_commissariats_attacks" title="Russian military commissariats attacks">Military commissariats arsons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ust-Ilimsk_military_commissariat_shooting" title="Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting">Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bridge_(Russia)" title="Black Bridge (Russia)">Black Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Russia (2022–present)">Rail war in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Wagons" title="Stop the Wagons">Stop the Wagons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Organization_of_Anarcho-Communists" title="Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists">Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Belarus_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Belarus (2022–present)">Rail war in Belarus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busly_liacia%C4%87" title="Busly liaciać">Busly liaciać</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYPOL" title="BYPOL">BYPOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Railway_Workers_of_Belarus" title="Community of Railway Workers of Belarus">Community of Railway Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Partisans" title="Cyber Partisans">Cyber Partisans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_used_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ongoing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Annexation referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_elections_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2023 elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast">Kherson Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast">Mykolaiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhzhia Oblast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Previous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Chernihiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Chernihiv Oblast">Chernihiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kyiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kyiv Oblast">Kyiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Odesa Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Sumy_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Sumy Oblast">Sumy Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zhytomyr_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zhytomyr Oblast">Zhytomyr Oblast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Potentially related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Black_Sea_drone_incident" title="2023 Black Sea drone incident">Black Sea drone incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_mystery_fires_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian mystery fires (2022–present)">Mystery fires in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Transnistria_attacks" title="2022 Transnistria attacks">Transnistria attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zagreb_Tu-141_crash" title="2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash">Zagreb Tu-141 crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2022 Crimean Bridge explosion">2022 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2023 Crimean Bridge explosion">2023 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant_drone_strike" title="Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike">Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#2022_Ukrainian_coup_d'etat_attempt" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridges_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_drone" title="Dragon drone">Dragon drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_missile_explosion_in_Poland" title="2022 missile explosion in Poland">Missile explosion in Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Synytsia" title="Operation Synytsia">Operation Synytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_electronic_warfare" title="Ukraine and electronic warfare">Ukraine and electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia" title="Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia">Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive" title="2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive">2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_cyberattacks_against_Russia" title="2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia">2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="War_crimes4971" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War crimes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accusations_of_genocide_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Accusations of genocide in Donbas">Accusations of genocide in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_of_Ukrainians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War">child abductions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_on_hospitals_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian strikes on hospitals during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_cluster_munitions_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Use of cluster munitions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Cluster munitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_incendiary_weapons_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Use of incendiary weapons in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Incendiary weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmines_in_Ukraine" title="Landmines in Ukraine">Landmines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_filtration_camps_for_Ukrainians" title="Russian filtration camps for Ukrainians">Russian filtration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_usage_of_mobile_crematoriums_in_Ukraine" title="Russian usage of mobile crematoriums in Ukraine">Russian mobile crematoriums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_theft_of_Ukrainian_grain" title="2022 Russian theft of Ukrainian grain">Russian theft of Ukrainian grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_torture_chambers_in_Ukraine" title="Russian torture chambers in Ukraine">Russian torture chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looting_by_Russian_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Looting by Russian forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Sexual violence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of prisoners of war in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Mistreatment of prisoners of war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_civilians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on civilians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_government_building_airstrike" title="Kharkiv government building airstrike">Kharkiv government building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_March_2022_Chernihiv_bombing" title="3 March 2022 Chernihiv bombing">3 March Chernihiv bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_refugee_column_shelling" title="Irpin refugee column shelling">Irpin refugee column shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_hospital_airstrike" title="Mariupol hospital airstrike">Mariupol hospital airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Krasnianka_care_house_attack" title="Stara Krasnianka care house attack">Stara Krasnianka care house attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_cluster_bombing" title="Mykolaiv cluster bombing">Mykolaiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="March 2022 Donetsk attack">March 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Borodianka" title="Bombing of Borodianka">2022 Borodianka airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_March_2022_Chernihiv_breadline_attack" title="16 March 2022 Chernihiv breadline attack">Chernihiv breadline attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_theatre_airstrike" title="Mariupol theatre airstrike">Mariupol theatre airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_shopping_centre_bombing" title="Kyiv shopping centre bombing">Kyiv shopping centre bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumykhimprom_ammonia_leak" title="Sumykhimprom ammonia leak">Sumykhimprom ammonia leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_government_building_missile_strike" title="Mykolaiv government building missile strike">Mykolaiv government building missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucha_massacre" title="Bucha massacre">Bucha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk_railway_station_attack" title="Kramatorsk railway station attack">Kramatorsk railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilohorivka_school_bombing" title="Bilohorivka school bombing">Bilohorivka school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Andrii_Bohomaz" title="Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz">Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisky_Market_attack" title="Maisky Market attack">Maisky Market attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremenchuk_shopping_mall_attack" title="Kremenchuk shopping mall attack">Kremenchuk shopping mall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiivka_missile_strike" title="Serhiivka missile strike">Serhiivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasiv_Yar_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasiv Yar missile strike">Chasiv Yar missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olenivka_prison_massacre" title="Olenivka prison massacre">Olenivka prison massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_dormitories_missile_strike" title="Kharkiv dormitories missile strike">Kharkiv dormitories missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplyne_railway_station_attack" title="Chaplyne railway station attack">Chaplyne railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izium_mass_graves" title="Izium mass graves">Izium mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="September 2022 Donetsk attack">September 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_civilian_convoy_attack" title="Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack">Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupiansk_civilian_convoy_shelling" title="Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling">Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zaporizhzhia_residential_building_airstrike" title="2022 Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike">Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure (2022–present)">Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dnipro_residential_building_airstrike" title="2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike">2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2023_Sloviansk_airstrike" title="April 2023 Sloviansk airstrike">Sloviansk airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Uman_missile_strike" title="2023 Uman missile strike">Uman missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kramatorsk_restaurant_missile_strike" title="2023 Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike">Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_cluster_bombing" title="Lyman cluster bombing">Lyman cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2023 Pokrovsk missile strike">2023 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2023_Chernihiv_missile_strike" title="August 2023 Chernihiv missile strike">Chernihiv missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2023_Kostiantynivka_missile_strike" title="September 2023 Kostiantynivka missile strike">Kostiantynivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hroza_missile_attack" title="Hroza missile attack">Hroza missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_massacre" title="Volnovakha massacre">Volnovakha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_December_2023_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="29 December 2023 Russian strikes on Ukraine">December 2023 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2024 Pokrovsk missile strike">2024 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Donetsk_attack" title="2024 Donetsk attack">2024 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lysychansk_missile_strike" title="2024 Lysychansk missile strike">Lysychansk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2024_Odesa_strike" title="6 March 2024 Odesa strike">6 March 2024 Odesa strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_March_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="22 March 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">March 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_May_2024_Kharkiv_missile_strikes" title="25 May 2024 Kharkiv missile strikes">May 2024 Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_children%27s_hospital_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv children's hospital airstrike">8 July 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kostiantynivka_supermarket_missile_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack">2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_August_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="26 August 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">26 August 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Poltava_strike" title="September 2024 Poltava strike">September 2024 Poltava strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_November_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="17 November 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">November 2024 strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crimes against soldiers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_of_Russian_soldiers_in_Mala_Rohan" title="Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan">Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_and_castration_of_a_Ukrainian_POW_in_Pryvillia" title="Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia">Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_soldiers_by_Kadyrovites" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites">Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Yevgeny_Nuzhin" title="Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin">Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_surrender_incident" title="Makiivka surrender incident">Makiivka surrender incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Oleksandr_Matsievskyi" title="Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi">Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_prisoner_of_war_beheading" title="2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading">2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">ICC investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">ICJ court case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_on_Accountability_for_Crimes_Committed_in_Ukraine" title="Task Force on Accountability for Crimes Committed in Ukraine">Task Force on Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction_investigations_of_war_crimes_in_Ukraine" title="Universal jurisdiction investigations of war crimes in Ukraine">Universal jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_international_tribunal_for_the_crime_of_aggression_(Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine)" title="Special international tribunal for the crime of aggression (Russian invasion of Ukraine)">Crime of aggression</a></li> <li>Criminal proceedings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Vadim_Shishimarin" title="Trial of Vadim Shishimarin">Vadim Shishimarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Alexander_Bobikin_and_Alexander_Ivanov" title="Trial of Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov">Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anton_Cherednik" title="Trial of Anton Cherednik">Anton Cherednik</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reactions16724" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Reactions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">States and official entities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">people and organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_transit_to_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast">restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Assistance_Mission_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine">European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bayraktar" title="People's Bayraktar">People's Bayraktar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signmyrocket.com" title="Signmyrocket.com">Signmyrocket.com</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yachts_impacted_by_international_sanctions_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Yachts impacted by international sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctioned yachts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Relations with Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Application to NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_Brave_Like_Ukraine" title="Be Brave Like Ukraine">Be Brave Like Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave1" title="Brave1">Brave1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bring_Kids_Back_UA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bring Kids Back UA (page does not exist)">Bring Kids Back UA</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_Kids_Back_UA" class="extiw" title="uk:Bring Kids Back UA">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine_%22On_the_Protection_of_the_Constitutional_Order_in_the_Field_of_Activities_of_Religious_Organizations%22" title="Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of the Constitutional Order in the Field of Activities of Religious Organizations""> Ban on Russia-associated religious groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordination_Headquarters_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners_of_War" title="Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War">Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Condemnation_and_Prohibition_of_Propaganda_of_Russian_Imperial_Policy_in_Ukraine_and_the_Decolonization_of_Toponymy" title="On the Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and the Decolonization of Toponymy">Decolonization and derussification law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(situational_awareness_system)" title="Delta (situational awareness system)">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyed_Russian_military_equipment_exhibition" title="Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition">Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Courage_and_Bravery_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)">For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_From_Ukraine_program" title="Grain From Ukraine program">Grain From Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Supreme_Commander-in-Chief" title="Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief">Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_City_of_Ukraine" title="Hero City of Ukraine">Hero City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live_(hotline)" title="I Want to Live (hotline)">I Want to Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Legion_(Ukraine)" title="International Legion (Ukraine)">International Legion</a> and other foreign units <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Belarusian Volunteer Corps">Belarusian Volunteer Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terror_Battalion" title="Terror Battalion">Terror Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Maple_Company" title="Black Maple Company">Black Maple Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian-Ukrainian_Brigade" title="Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade">Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Russia_Legion" title="Freedom of Russia Legion">Freedom of Russia Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Volunteer_Corps" title="German Volunteer Corps">German Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_National_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian National Battalion">Karelian National Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastu%C5%9B_Kalino%C5%ADski_Regiment" title="Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment">Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Brigade" title="Norman Brigade">Norman Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahonia_Regiment" title="Pahonia Regiment">Pahonia Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Volunteer_Corps" title="Polish Volunteer Corps">Polish Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Battlegroup_Getica" title="Romanian Battlegroup Getica">Romanian Battlegroup Getica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Russian Volunteer Corps">Russian Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_Special_Purpose_Battalion" title="Separate Special Purpose Battalion">Separate Special Purpose Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibir_Battalion" title="Sibir Battalion">Sibir Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan_Battalion" title="Turan Battalion">Turan Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sponsors_of_War" title="International Sponsors of War">International Sponsors of War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_on_forced_confiscation_of_Russian_property_in_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law on forced confiscation of Russian property in Ukraine (page does not exist)">Forced confiscation law of Russian property</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="ru:Украинский закон о принудительном изъятии имущества резидентов РФ">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="uk:Український закон про примусове вилучення майна резидентів РФ">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_for_Your_Own" title="Look for Your Own">Look for Your Own</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Ukraine#2022_martial_law" title="Martial law in Ukraine">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilization_in_Ukraine#2022" title="Mobilization in Ukraine">Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Center_Ukraine" title="Media Center Ukraine">Media Center Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_the_Recovery_of_Ukraine_from_the_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War (page does not exist)">National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Національна рада з відновлення України від наслідків війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Multi-Subject_Test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Multi-Subject Test (page does not exist)">National Multi-Subject Test</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" class="extiw" title="uk:Національний мультипредметний тест">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="North Korea–Ukraine relations">North Korea–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Points_of_Invincibility" title="Points of Invincibility">Points of Invincibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_recognition_of_the_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Ukrainian recognition of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Recognition of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescuer_City" title="Rescuer City">Rescuer City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Save_Ukrainian_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Save Ukrainian Culture (page does not exist)">Save Ukrainian Culture</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" class="extiw" title="uk:Збережіть українську культуру">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Syria–Ukraine relations">Syria–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Freedom_Orchestra" title="Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra">Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United24" title="United24">United24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_News_(telethon)" title="United News (telethon)">United News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>highways in the annexed territories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A290_highway_(Russia)" title="A290 highway (Russia)">A290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavrida_Highway" title="Tavrida Highway">A291 "Tavrida"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R260_highway_(Russia)" title="R260 highway (Russia)">R260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R280_highway_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="R280 highway (Russia)">R280 "Novorossiya"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally" title="2022 Moscow rally">2022 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_rally" title="2023 Moscow rally">2023 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Presidential_Address_to_the_Federal_Assembly" title="2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly">2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_blockade_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian blockade of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Blockade of Ukraine</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Российская блокада украинских портов">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion">Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Censorship in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Censorship in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Цензура в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Chechnya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_volunteers_on_the_side_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen volunteers on the side of Ukraine">Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conmemorative_Medal_%22Participant_of_a_Special_Military_Operation%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation" (page does not exist)">Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation"</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%C2%AB%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятная медаль «Участнику специальной военной операции»">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversations_about_Important_Things" title="Conversations about Important Things">Conversations about Important Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasovsky_case" title="Krasovsky case">Krasovsky case</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalization_of_parallel_imports_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalization of parallel imports in Russia (page does not exist)">Legalization of parallel imports</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Легализация параллельного импорта в России">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_South_Russian_People%27s_Council" title="Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council">Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_martial_law" title="2022 Russian martial law">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masha_Moskalyova_case" title="Masha Moskalyova case">Masha Moskalyova case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Crimea" title="Metropolis of Crimea">Metropolis of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Simonov_case" title="Mikhail Simonov case">Mikhail Simonov case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization" title="2022 Russian mobilization">Mobilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_irregular_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian irregular forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Recruitment of irregular forces</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B,_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Нерегулярные вооружённые силы, участвующие во вторжении России на Украину">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelganger_(disinformation_campaign)" title="Doppelganger (disinformation campaign)">Operation Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opinion_polling_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opinion polling in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Opinion polling</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Социологические опросы в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_Christmas_truce_proposal" title="2023 Russian Christmas truce proposal">Orthodox Christmas truce proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group%E2%80%93Ministry_of_Defense_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict">Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_of_the_Clergy_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_for_Reconciliation_and_an_End_to_War" title="Appeal of the Clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church for Reconciliation and an End to War">Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_Committee_for_Peace_and_Order" title="Salvation Committee for Peace and Order">Salvation Committee for Peace and Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Coordinating_Council_for_Security_Enhancement" title="Special Coordinating Council for Security Enhancement">Special Coordinating Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_countries_list" title="Unfriendly countries list">Unfriendly countries list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_2022_war_censorship_laws" title="Russian 2022 war censorship laws">War censorship laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together._Sports" title="We Are Together. Sports">We Are Together. Sports</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Russia_Should_Do_with_Ukraine" title="What Russia Should Do with Ukraine">What Russia Should Do with Ukraine</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw">2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">2022 State of the Union Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_Governance_Board" title="Disinformation Governance Board">Disinformation Governance Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14071" title="Executive Order 14071">Executive Order 14071</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Pentagon_document_leaks" title="2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks">Pentagon document leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_KleptoCapture" title="Task Force KleptoCapture">Task Force KleptoCapture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Defense_Contact_Group" title="Ukraine Defense Contact Group">Ukraine Defense Contact Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Security_Assistance_Initiative" title="Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative">Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Belarus</a></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ukraine_authorization_for_emergency_travel" title="Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel">Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">Chinese peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hong Kong and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War_on_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Influence of the Russo-Ukrainian War on Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Danish_European_Union_opt-out_referendum" title="2022 Danish European Union opt-out referendum">Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Federated States of Micronesia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federated_States_of_Micronesia%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Российско-микронезийские отношения">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Aigle" title="Mission Aigle">Mission Aigle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Georgia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Georgia</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_controversy" title="German Taurus controversy">German Taurus controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_leak" title="German Taurus leak">Taurus leak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitenwende_speech" title="Zeitenwende speech">Zeitenwende speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hungary and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="India and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ganga" title="Operation Ganga">Operation Ganga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Israel_Guarantees" title="Operation Israel Guarantees">Operation Israel Guarantees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Lithuania and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War">Moldova</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_Sanctions_Act_2022" title="Russia Sanctions Act 2022">Russia Sanctions Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">North Korea</a></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Ukraine_border_crisis" title="Poland–Ukraine border crisis">border crisis with Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria and the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Syria</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Сирия и вторжение России на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Taiwan and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Taiwan</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Crime_(Transparency_and_Enforcement)_Act_2022" title="Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 2022">Economic Crime Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homes_for_Ukraine" title="Homes for Ukraine">Homes for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Interflex" title="Operation Interflex">Operation Interflex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_emergency_special_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly">Emergency special session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1">Resolution ES-11/1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/2" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/2">Resolution ES-11/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/3" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/3">Resolution ES-11/3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/4" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4">Resolution ES-11/4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/5" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/5">Resolution ES-11/5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/6" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/6">Resolution ES-11/6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/7" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/7">Resolution ES-11/7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2623" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623">Security Council Resolution 2623</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_A/RES/77/229" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/77/229">Resolution A/RES/77/229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_truce" title="Easter truce">Easter truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Accession of Moldova to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Accession of Ukraine to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Brussels_summit" title="2022 Brussels summit">Brussels summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="1st European Political Community Summit">1st summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="2nd European Political Community Summit">2nd summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="3rd European Political Community Summit">3rd summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit" title="2022 Madrid summit">Madrid summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_NATO_virtual_summit" title="2022 NATO virtual summit">NATO virtual summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Oscar" title="Operation Oscar">Operation Oscar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ramstein_Air_Base_meeting" title="2022 Ramstein Air Base meeting">Ramstein Air Base meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_EU%E2%80%93Ukraine_Summit" title="2023 EU–Ukraine Summit">EU–Ukraine Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REPowerEU" title="REPowerEU">REPowerEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steadfast_Defender_2024" title="Steadfast Defender 2024">Steadfast Defender 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWIFT_ban_against_Russian_banks" title="SWIFT ban against Russian banks">SWIFT ban against Russian banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Recovery_Conference" title="Ukraine Recovery Conference">Ukraine Recovery Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles_declaration" title="Versailles declaration">Versailles declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit" title="2023 Vilnius summit">2023 Vilnius summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit" title="15th BRICS summit">15th BRICS summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Washington_summit" title="2024 Washington summit">2024 Washington summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar%2B" title="Weimar+">Weimar+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_of_Russia_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary#21st_century" title="Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Consecration of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-16_training_coalition" title="F-16 training coalition">F-16 training coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">Finland–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Russia_border_barrier" title="Finland–Russia border barrier">Finland–Russia border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_diplomacy" title="Iron diplomacy">Iron diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia#2022_proposal" title="Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia">Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia#2022" title="Terrorism in Russia">Recognition of Russia as a terrorist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of monuments and memorials removed following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Removal of monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_renamed_due_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of streets renamed due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Streets renamed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Square,_Oslo" title="Ukraine Square, Oslo">Ukraine Square, Oslo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_heads_of_state_and_government_that_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">Sweden–NATO relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Swedish_anti-terrorism_bill" title="2023 Swedish anti-terrorism bill">Swedish anti-terrorism bill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-government_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Non-government reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Public</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>In Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_protests_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine">in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmWomenNow" title="ArmWomenNow">ArmWomenNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Artistic_Front" title="Ukrainian Artistic Front">Ukrainian Artistic Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_protests_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)">In Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angry_patriots" title="Angry patriots">Angry patriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Angry_Patriots" title="Club of Angry Patriots">Club of Angry Patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-War_Committee_of_Russia" title="Anti-War Committee of Russia">Anti-War Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspicious_deaths_of_Russian_businesspeople_(2022%E2%80%932024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople (2022–2024)">Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_(Russia,_2022)" title="Congress of People's Deputies (Russia, 2022)">Congress of People's Deputies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Mothers_and_Wives" title="Council of Mothers and Wives">Council of Mothers and Wives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Anti-War_Resistance" title="Feminist Anti-War Resistance">Feminist Anti-War Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_protests" title="Flower protests">Flower protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Ovsyannikova" title="Marina Ovsyannikova">Marina Ovsyannikova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Action_Committee" title="Russian Action Committee">Russian Action Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_North_Caucasian_protests" title="2022 North Caucasian protests">North Caucasian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Far_East_protests" title="2022 Russian Far East protests">2022 Russian Far East protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_initiative_for_charging_Vladimir_Putin_of_high_treason" title="Municipal initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason">State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-blue-white_flag" title="White-blue-white flag">White-blue-white flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Belarusian_opposition_to_the_invasion" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">In Belarus</a></li> <li>In China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Translation_Movement" title="Great Translation Movement">Great Translation Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>In Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_First!" title="Czech Republic First!">Czech Republic First!</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corporate_responses_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Corporate responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_address_of_the_Russian_Union_of_Rectors" title="2022 address of the Russian Union of Rectors">Address of the Russian Union of Rectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott_of_Russia_and_Belarus" title="Boycott of Russia and Belarus">Boycott of Russia and Belarus</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Do not buy Russian goods!">Do not buy Russian goods!</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.N.O.T._Corp." title="E.N.O.T. Corp.">E.N.O.T. Corp.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Mangushev" title="Igor Mangushev">Igor Mangushev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s_in_Russia" title="McDonald's in Russia">McDonald's in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vkusno_i_tochka" title="Vkusno i tochka">Vkusno i tochka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NashStore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NashStore (page does not exist)">NashStore</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NashStore" class="extiw" title="ru:NashStore">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Satellite" title="People's Satellite">People's Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Starlink satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Bloody_Energy" title="Stop Bloody Energy">Stop Bloody Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_activities_in_Ukraine" title="Wagner Group activities in Ukraine">Wagner Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Aleksandrovich_Medvedev" title="Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev">Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Nemes_Tarimo" title="Death of Nemes Tarimo">Death of Nemes Tarimo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_CELI_List_of_Companies" title="Yale CELI List of Companies">Yale CELI List of Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Anonymous and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Anonymous and the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alerts.in.ua" title="Alerts.in.ua">alerts.in.ua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_DDoS_attacks_on_Romania" title="2022 DDoS attacks on Romania">DDoS attacks on Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepStateMap.Live" title="DeepStateMap.Live">DeepStateMap.Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_Army_of_Ukraine" title="IT Army of Ukraine">IT Army of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killnet" title="Killnet">Killnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liveuamap" title="Liveuamap">Liveuamap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_intelligence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Open-source intelligence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Open-source intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacenotwar" title="Peacenotwar">peacenotwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Asset_Tracker" title="Russian Asset Tracker">Russian Asset Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squad303&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squad303 (page does not exist)">Squad303</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squad303" class="extiw" title="pl:Squad303">pl</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Siren_Alerts" title="Ukraine Siren Alerts">Ukraine Siren Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Wikipedia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Wikipedia_in_Russia#2022_threat_to_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Blocking of Wikipedia in Russia">threat to block in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_of_Mark_Bernstein" title="Detention of Mark Bernstein">detention of Mark Bernstein</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Azovstal_Defenders%27_Families" title="Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families">Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Collaboration with Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Collaboration with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together_with_Russia" title="We Are Together with Russia">We Are Together with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_for_Ukraine" title="Concert for Ukraine">Concert for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Buryatia_Foundation" title="Free Buryatia Foundation">Free Buryatia Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nations_of_Post-Russia_Forum" title="Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum">Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game4Ukraine" title="Game4Ukraine">Game4Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Lost_(organisation)" title="Get Lost (organisation)">Get Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Tour_for_Peace" title="Global Tour for Peace">Global Tour for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_by_the_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Go by the Forest">Go by the Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_the_Free_World" title="Guide to the Free World">Guide to the Free World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_Group" title="Mozart Group">Mozart Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olena_Zelenska_Foundation" title="Olena Zelenska Foundation">Olena Zelenska Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_open_letter_from_Nobel_laureates_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="2022 open letter from Nobel laureates in support of Ukraine">Open letter from Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov_Battalion" title="Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion">Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubikus.HelpUA" title="Rubikus.HelpUA">Rubikus.HelpUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Shostak_Charitable_Foundation" title="Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation">Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%27s_War_Crimes_House" title="Russia's War Crimes House">Russia's War Crimes House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Ukraine" title="Save Ukraine">Save Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Ukrainian_Cultural_Heritage_Online" title="Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online">Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Prytula_Charity_Foundation" title="Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation">Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Spain_letter_bomb_attacks" title="2022 Spain letter bomb attacks">Spain letter bomb attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yermak-McFaul_Expert_Group_on_Russian_Sanctions" title="Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions">Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Filatyev" title="Pavel Filatyev">Pavel Filatyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Russia" title="True Russia">True Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volos_Declaration" title="Volos Declaration">Volos Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_ban_on_Russian_and_Belarusian_players" title="Wimbledon ban on Russian and Belarusian players">Wimbledon ban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact6185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War">journalists killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_generals_killed_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of Russian generals killed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian generals killed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 inflation">Inflation surge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Moldovan_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 Moldovan energy crisis">2022–2023 Moldovan energy crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_protests_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Moldovan protests (2022–2023)">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Moldovan_energy_crisis" title="2025 Moldovan energy crisis">2025 Moldovan energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">Russia–EU gas dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_debt_default" title="2022 Russian debt default">Russian debt default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_crude_oil_price_cap_sanctions" title="2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions">2022 Russian oil price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_economic_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="German economic crisis (2022–present)">2022-2024 German economic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap" title="2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap">2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_natural_gas_price_cap" title="EU natural gas price cap">EU natural gas price cap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ukraine#During_the_2022_Russian_invasion" title="Education in Ukraine">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_War" title="Whisky War">End of the Whisky War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Environmental impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_European_re-armament" title="2020s European re-armament">European re-armament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Eurovision Song Contest 2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">Eurovision Song Contest 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_food_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 food crises">Food crises</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Impact on theatre</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Театр часів Російсько-української війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_deaths_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable deaths during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">List of notable deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil oil transit dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_on_nuclear_power_plants" title="Impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on nuclear power plants">Nuclear power plants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant_crisis" title="Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis">Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_risk_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Nuclear risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Religion and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_emigration_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian emigration during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian emigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_(organisation)" title="Ark (organisation)">The Ark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Ship losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cultural_heritage_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian cultural heritage during the 2022 Russian invasion">Ukrainian cultural heritage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_theft_and_looting_by_Russia_during_the_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Art theft and looting by Russia during the invasion of Ukraine">art theft and looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_damaged_cultural_sites_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of damaged cultural sites during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">damaged cultural sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Trauma in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Urengoy%E2%80%93Pomary%E2%80%93Uzhhorod_pipeline_explosion" title="2022 Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion">Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_energy_crisis" title="Ukrainian energy crisis">Ukrainian energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_impacts_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Humanitarian impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Humanitarian impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis (2022–present)">Ukrainian refugee crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sobieskiego_100" title="Sobieskiego 100">Sobieskiego 100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_Ukraine" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine">UN Commission of Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Monitoring_Mission_in_Ukraine" title="United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine">UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/And_now_I_will_show_you_where_the_attack_on_Belarus_was_prepared_from" title="And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from">And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons_(slur)" title="Anglo-Saxons (slur)">Anglo-Saxons</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bavovna" title="Bavovna">Bavovna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Grandpa_in_his_bunker" title="Grandpa in his bunker">Grandpa in his bunker</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Good_Evening_(Where_Are_You_From%3F)" title="Good Evening (Where Are You From?)">Good evening, we are from Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Orc_(slang)" title="Orc (slang)">Orc</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putin_khuylo!#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Putin khuylo!">Putin khuylo!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Khuy_Voyne!#Russo-Ukrainian_war" title="Khuy Voyne!">Khuy Voyne!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia_is_here_forever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russia is here forever (page does not exist)">Russia is here forever</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Росія тут назавжди">uk</a>]"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Russian_warship,_go_fuck_yourself" title="Russian warship, go fuck yourself">Russian warship, go fuck yourself</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Slava Ukraini">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Special_military_operation" title="Special military operation">Special military operation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_bomb_Voronezh" title="To bomb Voronezh">To bomb Voronezh</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strength_is_in_truth" title="Strength is in truth">Strength is in truth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Westsplaining" title="Westsplaining">Westsplaining</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_have_you_been_for_eight_years%3F" title="Where have you been for eight years?">Where have you been for eight years?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Without_you_(speech)" title="Without you (speech)">Without you</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/12_(song)" title="12 (song)">12</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bakhmut_Fortress" title="Bakhmut Fortress">Bakhmut Fortress</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_(song)" title="Bayraktar (song)">Bayraktar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bilia_topoli" title="Bilia topoli">Bilia topoli</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/City_of_Mary_(song)" title="City of Mary (song)">City of Mary</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_Minefields" title="Flowers of Minefields">Flowers of Minefields</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Cancellation" title="Generation Cancellation">Generation Cancellation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Z_(song)" title="Generation Z (song)">Generation Z</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Russian_(song)" title="I'm Russian (song)">I'm Russian</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oyda_(song)" title="Oyda (song)">Oyda</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey,_Hey,_Rise_Up!" title="Hey, Hey, Rise Up!">Hey, Hey, Rise Up!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mama_%C5%A0%C4%8C!" title="Mama ŠČ!">Mama ŠČ!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oi_u_luzi_chervona_kalyna" title="Oi u luzi chervona kalyna">Oi u luzi chervona kalyna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini!_(song)" title="Slava Ukraini! (song)">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stefania_(song)" title="Stefania (song)">Stefania</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ukraine_(song)" title="Ukraine (song)">Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crushed_(Imagine_Dragons_song)" title="Crushed (Imagine Dragons song)">Crushed</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20_Days_in_Mariupol" title="20 Days in Mariupol">20 Days in Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Rising_Fury" title="A Rising Fury">A Rising Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follow_Me_(documentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Follow Me (documentary)">Follow Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercepted_(film)" title="Intercepted (film)">Intercepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_at_War" title="Russians at War">Russians at War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_in_the_Wound" title="Turn in the Wound">Turn in the Wound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukraine_on_Fire_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukraine on Fire 2 (page does not exist)">Ukraine on Fire 2</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96_2" class="extiw" title="uk:Україна в огні 2">uk</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon%2713" title="Babylon'13">Babylon'13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Cold_War" title="Back to the Cold War">Back to the Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borodianka_cat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borodianka cat (page does not exist)">Borodianka cat</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Кішка з Бородянки">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_of_Kyiv" title="Ghost of Kyiv">Ghost of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_watermelon" title="Kherson watermelon">Kherson watermelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovec_Region" title="Královec Region">Královec Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Kyiv" title="Madonna of Kyiv">Madonna of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAFO_(group)" title="NAFO (group)">North Atlantic Fella Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newspeak_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newspeak in Russia (page does not exist)">Newspeak in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Новояз в России">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97" class="extiw" title="uk:Новомова в Росії">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron_(dog)" title="Patron (dog)">Patron</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putler#After_2014" title="Putler">Putler</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putinversteher" title="Putinversteher">Putinversteher</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon_of_Kherson" title="Raccoon of Kherson">Raccoon of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Javelin" title="Saint Javelin">Saint Javelin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mariuburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Mariuburg (page does not exist)">Saint Mariuburg</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Санкт-Мариубург">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="uk:Санкт-Маріубург">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylkiv_maiolica_rooster" title="Vasylkiv maiolica rooster">Vasylkiv maiolica rooster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_table" title="Vladimir Putin's meeting table">Vladimir Putin's meeting table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_of_the_Brave" title="Walk of the Brave">Walk of the Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_(military_symbol)" title="Z (military symbol)">"Z" military symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Key_people1985" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Key people</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speeches_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Speeches by Volodymyr Zelenskyy during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">speeches during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States" title="2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States">visit to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="2023 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United Kingdom">visit to the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_European_visits_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="May 2023 European visits by Volodymyr Zelenskyy">visits to Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky" title="Andriy Biletsky">Andriy Biletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Kireyev" title="Denys Kireyev">Denys Kireyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Monastyrsky" title="Denys Monastyrsky">Denys Monastyrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Prokopenko" title="Denys Prokopenko">Denys Prokopenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iryna_Venediktova" title="Iryna Venediktova">Iryna Venediktova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrylo_Budanov" title="Kyrylo Budanov">Kyrylo Budanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Drapatyi" title="Mykhailo Drapatyi">Mykhailo Drapatyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Oleschuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mykola Oleschuk">Mykola Oleschuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Pavlyuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleksandr Pavlyuk">Oleksandr Pavlyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Syrskyi" title="Oleksandr Syrskyi">Oleksandr Syrskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksii_Reznikov" title="Oleksii Reznikov">Oleksii Reznikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Danilov" title="Oleksiy Danilov">Oleksiy Danilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Neizhpapa" title="Oleksiy Neizhpapa">Oleksiy Neizhpapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Khomchak" title="Ruslan Khomchak">Ruslan Khomchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustem_Umerov" title="Rustem Umerov">Rustem Umerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergiy_Kyslytsya" title="Sergiy Kyslytsya">Sergiy Kyslytsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Shaptala" title="Serhiy Shaptala">Serhiy Shaptala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhii_Sternenko" title="Serhii Sternenko">Serhii Sternenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerii_Zaluzhnyi" title="Valerii Zaluzhnyi">Valerii Zaluzhnyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Malyuk" title="Vasyl Malyuk">Vasyl Malyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Moisiuk" title="Yevhen Moisiuk">Yevhen Moisiuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dvornikov" title="Aleksandr Dvornikov">Aleksandr Dvornikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Lapin_(general)" title="Aleksandr Lapin (general)">Aleksandr Lapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Dyumin" title="Aleksey Dyumin">Aleksey Dyumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Nagin" title="Aleksey Nagin">Aleksey Nagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bortnikov" title="Alexander Bortnikov">Alexander Bortnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kolesnikov_(general)" title="Andrei Kolesnikov (general)">Andrei Kolesnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sychevoi" title="Andrei Sychevoi">Andrei Sychevoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Belousov" title="Andrey Belousov">Andrey Belousov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Vorobyov" title="Andrey Vorobyov">Andrey Vorobyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zhidko" title="Gennady Zhidko">Gennady Zhidko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Kastyukevich" title="Igor Kastyukevich">Igor Kastyukevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ivanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Ivanovich Popov">Ivan Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova" title="Maria Lvova-Belova">Maria Lvova-Belova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev" title="Nikolai Patrushev">Nikolai Patrushev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Salyukov" title="Oleg Salyukov">Oleg Salyukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsokov" title="Oleg Tsokov">Oleg Tsokov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov" title="Ramzan Kadyrov">Ramzan Kadyrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Berdnikov" title="Roman Berdnikov">Roman Berdnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Muradov" title="Rustam Muradov">Rustam Muradov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash" title="Sergey Kobylash">Sergey Kobylash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Naryshkin" title="Sergey Naryshkin">Sergey Naryshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Surovikin" title="Sergey Surovikin">Sergey Surovikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timur_Ivanov" title="Timur Ivanov">Timur Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)" title="Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)">Viktor Sokolov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Zolotov" title="Viktor Zolotov">Viktor Zolotov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Gerasimov" title="Vitaly Gerasimov">Vitaly Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Gladkov" title="Vyacheslav Gladkov">Vyacheslav Gladkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related3059" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" 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