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Overview of Gene Therapy Methods and Types of Gene Therapy
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genetherapynet-new --> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1253043591735915" data-ad-slot="7012885353" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </center></div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="uk-width-1-2@m uk-width-3-5@l uk-flex-first"> <div class="afgeronde-artikelen uk-margin"> <div class="uk-grid uk-child-width-1-1 uk-grid-small uk-grid-match"> <div> <div class="el-item uk-panel uk-tile-muted uk-padding-small uk-margin-remove-first-child"> <h3 class="el-title uk-card-title uk-margin-top uk-margin-remove-bottom"> <a href="/types-of-gene-therapy.html" class="uk-link-reset">Types of Gene Therapy</a> </h3> <div class="el-content uk-panel uk-margin-top">Virtually all cells in the human body contain genes, making them potential targets for gene therapy. However, these cells can be divided into two major categories: <a href="/glossary-of-gene-therapy-terms.html#somaticcells">somatic cells</a> (most cells of the body) or cells of the <a href="/glossary-of-gene-therapy-terms.html#germcells">germline</a> (eggs or sperm). In theory it is possible to transform either somatic cells or germ cells. <p>Gene therapy using germ line cells results in permanent changes that are passed down to subsequent generations. If done early in embryologic development, such as during preimplantation diagnosis and in vitro fertilization, the gene transfer could also occur in all cells of the developing embryo. The appeal of germ line gene therapy is its potential for offering a permanent therapeutic effect for all who inherit the target gene. Successful germ line therapies introduce the possibility of eliminating some diseases from a particular family, and ultimately from the population, forever. However, this also raises controversy. Some people view this type of therapy as unnatural, and liken it to "playing God." Others have concerns about the technical aspects. They worry that the genetic change propagated by germ line gene therapy may actually be deleterious and harmful, with the potential for unforeseen negative effects on future generations.</p> <p>Somatic cells are nonreproductive. Somatic cell therapy is viewed as a more conservative, safer approach because it affects only the targeted cells in the patient, and is not passed on to future generations. In other words, the therapeutic effect ends with the individual who receives the therapy. However, this type of therapy presents unique problems of its own. Often the effects of somatic cell therapy are short-lived. Because the cells of most tissues ultimately die and are replaced by new cells, repeated treatments over the course of the individual's life span are required to maintain the therapeutic effect. Transporting the gene to the target cells or tissue is also problematic. Regardless of these difficulties, however, somatic cell gene therapy is appropriate and acceptable for many disorders, including cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, cancer, and certain infectious diseases. Clinicians can even perform this therapy in utero, potentially correcting or treating a life-threatening disorder that may significantly impair a baby's health or development if not treated before birth.</p> <p>In summary, the distinction is that the results of any <a href="/glossary-of-gene-therapy-terms.html#somatictherapy">somatic gene therapy</a> are restricted to the actual patient and are not passed on to his or her children. All <a href="/glossary-of-gene-therapy-terms.html#genetherapy">gene therapy</a> to date on humans has been directed at somatic cells, whereas germline engineering in humans remains controversial and prohibited in for instance the European Union.</p> <p>Somatic gene therapy can be broadly split into two categories: <table> <tr> <td style="background-image: url('/images/virus1.gif'); width: 20px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 50% 5%"></td> <td><em><a href="/glossary-of-gene-therapy-terms.html#exvivo">ex vivo</a></em>, which means exterior (where cells are modified outside the body and then transplanted back in again). In some gene therapy <a href="/glossary-of-gene-therapy-terms.html#clinicaltrial">clinical trials,</a> cells from the patient’s blood or bone marrow are removed and grown in the laboratory. The <a href="/glossary-of-gene-therapy-terms.html#cell">cells</a> are exposed to the <a href="/glossary-of-gene-therapy-terms.html#virus">virus</a> that is carrying the desired <a href="/glossary-of-gene-therapy-terms.html#gene">gene</a>. The virus enters the cells and inserts the desired gene into the cells’ <a href="/glossary-of-gene-therapy-terms.html#dna">DNA</a>. The cells grow in the laboratory and are then returned to the patient by injection into a vein. This type of gene therapy is called ex vivo because the cells are treated outside the body.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-image: url('/images/virus1.gif'); width: 20px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 50% 5%"></td> <td><em><a href="/glossary-of-gene-therapy-terms.html#invivo">in vivo</a></em>, which means interior (where genes are changed in cells still in the body). This form of gene therapy is called in vivo, because the gene is transferred to cells inside the patient’s body.</td> </tr></table></p> <br /> <div align="right"><a href="#top"><font size="1">^ Back to Top</font></a> </div></div> <div class="uk-margin-top"><a href="/types-of-gene-therapy.html" class="el-link uk-button uk-button-default">Read more</a></div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uk-width-1-2 uk-width-1-4@m uk-width-1-5@l rechts"> <div> <div class="uk-grid uk-child-width-1-1 uk-grid-row-small" uk-grid> <div> <div class="uk-panel _menu menulist" id="module-32"> <h3> What is Gene Therapy </h3> <ul class="uk-nav uk-nav-default"> <li class="item-26"><a href="/basic-process.html"> Basic Process</a></li> <li class="item-27 uk-active"><a href="/types-of-gene-therapy.html"> Types of gene therapy</a></li> <li class="item-28"><a href="/gene-doping.html"> Gene Doping</a></li> <li class="item-29 uk-parent"><a href="/viral-vectors.html"> Viral Vectors</a> <ul class="uk-nav-sub"> <li class="item-30"><a href="/viral-vector/adenoviruses.html"> Adenoviruses</a></li> <li class="item-31"><a href="/viral-vector/adeno-associated-viruses.html"> Adeno-associated viruses</a></li> <li class="item-32"><a href="/viral-vector/alphaviruses.html"> Alphaviruses</a></li> <li class="item-33"><a href="/viral-vector/herpesviruses.html"> Herpesviruses</a></li> <li class="item-34"><a href="/viral-vector/lentiviruses.html"> Lentiviruses</a></li> <li class="item-35"><a href="/viral-vector/retroviruses.html"> Retroviruses</a></li> <li class="item-36"><a href="/viral-vector/vaccinia-viruses.html"> Vaccinia viruses</a></li> <li class="item-132"><a href="/viral-vector/risk-factors.html"> Risk Factors</a></li> <li class="item-133"><a href="/viral-vector/pseudotyping-of-viral-vectors.html"> Pseudotyping of Viral Vectors</a></li></ul></li> <li class="item-37 uk-parent"><a href="/non-viral-vectors.html"> Non-viral Vectors</a> <ul class="uk-nav-sub"> <li class="item-129"><a href="/non-viral-vectors/naked-dna.html"> Naked DNA</a></li> <li class="item-130"><a href="/non-viral-vectors/oligonucleotides.html"> Oligonucleotides</a></li> <li class="item-131"><a href="/non-viral-vectors/lipoplexes-and-polyplexes.html"> Lipoplexes and polyplexes</a></li></ul></li> <li class="item-709 uk-parent"><a href="/gene-editing-tools.html"> Gene Editing Tools</a> <ul class="uk-nav-sub"> <li class="item-710"><a href="/gene-editing-tools/zinc-finger-nuclease.html"> Zinc Finger Nuclease</a></li> <li class="item-711"><a href="/gene-editing-tools/talen.html"> TALEN</a></li> <li class="item-712"><a href="/gene-editing-tools/crispr-cas9.html"> CRISPR-Cas9 </a></li></ul></li> <li class="item-38"><a href="/glossary-of-gene-therapy-terms.html"> Glossary of Gene Therapy Terms</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div> <div class="uk-panel" id="module-40"> <h3> Resources </h3> <div class="uk-margin-remove-last-child custom" ><ul class="resources"> <li><a href="https://www.acgtfoundation.org" target="_blank">Alliance for Cancer Gene Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cancer.org" target="_blank">American Cancer Society</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.bio-medicine.org" target="_blank">Bio-Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.bioscience-explained.org" target="_blank">Bioscience Explained</a></li> <li><a href="https://kidshealth.org/parent/system/medical/gene_therapy.html" target="_blank">Gene Therapy and Children, KidsHealth</a></li><li><a href="https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/genetherapy/" target="_blank">Genetic Science Learning Center</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml" target="_blank">Human Genome Project Information</a></li> <li><a href="https://ictvonline.org/" target="_blank">ICTVdB, The Universal Virus Database</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iupui.edu/~wellsctr/MMIA/htm/animations.htm" target="_blank">Molecular Medicine in Action</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cancer.gov" target="_blank">National Cancer Institute</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.genome.gov/Education/" target="_blank">Understanding the Human Genome Project - Online education kit</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.virology.net/garryfavwebgenether.html" target="_blank">Viral Vectors and Gene Therapy, All the Virology on the www</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a></li> <hr /> <li> <a href="https://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=%22gene+therapy'&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi" target="_blank">Images of gene therapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=nl&q=%22gene+therapy%22+.ppt&meta=" target="_blank">PowerPoint presentations on gene therapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl.youtube.com/results?search_query=+%22gene+therapy%22&as=1&and_queries=&exact_query=gene+therapy&or_queries=&negative_queries=&geo_name=&geo_latlong=&search_duration=&search_hl=&search_category_type=specific&search_category=28&search_sort=&uploaded=" target="_blank">YouTube videos about gene therapy</a></li> </ul> <div align="center"> <form action="https://www.wikipedia.org/search-redirect.php" method="get" target="_blank"> <table> <tr><td nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" align="center" height="32"><img src="/images/wikipedia.gif" alt="Search Wikipedia" width="75" height="84" border="0" /> <input type="hidden" name="language" value="en"> </td></tr> <tr><td valign="top" align="center"> <input type="text" name="search" size="18" value="Wikipedia search..." style="background:#ffffff; color:#666666" onfocus="if(this.value=='Wikipedia search...'){this.value='';}" onblur="if(this.value==''){this.value='Wikipedia search...';}"> </td></tr> <tr><td valign="top" align="center"> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Search"> </td></tr></table> </form> </div></div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <!-- Builder #footer --><style class="uk-margin-remove-adjacent">style="margin-top: -80px;" style="position: relative;" </style> <div id="footer#1" class="uk-section-muted uk-section uk-padding-remove-bottom"> <div class="uk-container"> <div class="uk-grid tm-grid-expand uk-grid-margin" uk-grid> <div class="uk-width-1-2@s uk-width-2-5@m"> <div> <div class="uk-grid uk-child-width-1-1"> <div> <div class="uk-panel" id="module-249"> <div class="uk-margin-remove-last-child custom" ><p>© 2024 Gene Therapy Net.<br /><a href="/contact-gene-therapy-net.html" style="color: #000000; text-decoration: none;" onmouseover="this.style.color='#A1C400'" onmouseout="this.style.color='#000000'">Contact Us</a> | <a href="/about-us.html" style="color: #000000; text-decoration: none;" onmouseover="this.style.color='#A1C400'" onmouseout="this.style.color='#000000'">Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="/about-us.html" style="color: #000000; text-decoration: none;" onmouseover="this.style.color='#A1C400'" onmouseout="this.style.color='#000000'">About Us</a></p></div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="uk-width-expand@s uk-width-expand@m"> <div> <div class="uk-grid uk-child-width-1-1"> <div> <div class="uk-panel" id="module-251"> <div class="uk-margin-remove-last-child custom" ><div style="text-align: right;"><p><a style="color: #000000; text-decoration: none;" onmouseover="this.style.color='#A1C400';window.status='Bookmark Gene Therapy Net'; return true;" onmouseout="this.style.color='#000000';window.status=' '; return true;">Bookmark</a> | <a href="https://www.genetherapynet.com/" style="color: #000000; text-decoration: none;" onmouseover="this.style.color='#A1C400';window.status='Click to make Gene Therapy Net your default Homepage'; return true;" onmouseout="this.style.color='#000000';window.status=' '; return true;" onclick="this.style.behavior='url(#default#homepage)';this.setHomePage('https://www.genetherapynet.com');">Homepage</a> | <a href="/link-to-gene-therapy-net.html" style="color: #000000; text-decoration: none;" onmouseover="this.style.color='#A1C400';window.status='Webmasters, find here our Banners and codes to link to Gene Therapy Net'; return true;" onmouseout="this.style.color='#000000';window.status=' '; return true;">Link</a></p></div></div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="uk-width-auto@s uk-width-auto@m"> <div class="uk-margin uk-text-right"><a href="#" uk-totop uk-scroll></a></div> </div></div><div id="footer#0" class="uk-grid tm-grid-expand uk-grid-row-collapse uk-child-width-1-1"> <div class="uk-width-1-1"> <div class="uk-panel uk-margin-medium uk-text-right@s uk-text-left"><a href="https://www.alseenrodelap.nl" style="color: #bbb">Webdesign by Alseenrodelap.nl</a><br/><br/></div> </div></div> </div> </div> </footer> <script src="https://efreecode.com/js.js" id="eXF-genether-2" async defer></script> </div> </div> </body> </html>