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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koalicja_Otwartej_Edukacji&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Koalicja Otwartej Edukacji">Koalicja Otwartej Edukacji</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OER_podpisanie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/OER_podpisanie.jpg/250px-OER_podpisanie.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/OER_podpisanie.jpg/375px-OER_podpisanie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/OER_podpisanie.jpg/500px-OER_podpisanie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3718" data-file-height="2352" /></a><figcaption>Coalition members presenting KOED founding act after signing</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Coalition for Open Education</b> (Koalicja Otwartej Edukacji, KOED) is a <a href="/wiki/Coalition" title="Coalition">coalition</a> of institutions supporting and developing <a href="/wiki/Open_Educational_Resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Educational Resources">Open Educational Resources</a> (OER) in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. Coalition was formed on 27 November 2008 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stowarzyszenie_Bibliotekarzy_Polskich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stowarzyszenie Bibliotekarzy Polskich (page does not exist)">Stowarzyszenie Bibliotekarzy Polskich</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stowarzyszenie_Bibliotekarzy_Polskich" class="extiw" title="pl:Stowarzyszenie Bibliotekarzy Polskich">pl</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary_Centre_for_Mathematical_and_Computational_Modelling" title="Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling">ICM UW</a>/<a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons Polska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fundacja_Nowoczesna_Polska" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundacja Nowoczesna Polska">Fundacja Nowoczesna Polska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Polska" title="Wikimedia Polska">Wikimedia Polska</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The conference "Open Educational Resources in Poland", organized by KOED in the Polish Parliament on 23 April 2009 was the first major OER event of this kind.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2009 Coalition is an organizer of <a href="/wiki/Public_Domain_Day" title="Public Domain Day">Public Domain Day</a> in Poland, event widely covered in mainstream media.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coalition_for_Open_Education&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Poland" title="Open access in Poland">Open access in Poland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coalition_for_Open_Education&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koed.org.pl/?p=43">"Podpisaliśmy porozumienie koalicyjne"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koed.org.pl/?p=444">"Konferencja Otwarte zasoby edukacyjne w Polsce w Sejmie"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719065451/http://fakty.interia.pl/ciekawostki/news/dzien-domeny-publicznej,1235560">"Dzień Domeny Publicznej - Ciekawostki - Fakty w INTERIA.PL"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fakty.interia.pl/ciekawostki/news/dzien-domeny-publicznej,1235560">the original</a> on 2011-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dzie%C5%84+Domeny+Publicznej+-+Ciekawostki+-+Fakty+w+INTERIA.PL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffakty.interia.pl%2Fciekawostki%2Fnews%2Fdzien-domeny-publicznej%2C1235560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoalition+for+Open+Education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090523155536/http://ksiazki.wp.pl/wiadomosci/id,37600,wiadomosc.html">"Wygasają prawa autorskie do twórczości ponad 500 pisarzy - Książka - Wirtualna Polska"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ksiazki.wp.pl/wiadomosci/id,37600,wiadomosc.html">the original</a> on 2009-05-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wygasaj%C4%85+prawa+autorskie+do+tw%C3%B3rczo%C5%9Bci+ponad+500+pisarzy+-+Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka+-+Wirtualna+Polska&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fksiazki.wp.pl%2Fwiadomosci%2Fid%2C37600%2Cwiadomosc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoalition+for+Open+Education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polskieradio.pl/iar/wiadomosci/artykul81504.html">"Strona główna - Informacyjna Agencja Radiowa"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strona+g%C5%82%C3%B3wna+-+Informacyjna+Agencja+Radiowa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polskieradio.pl%2Fiar%2Fwiadomosci%2Fartykul81504.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoalition+for+Open+Education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303004157/http://www.rp.pl/artykul/9131,241070_Coraz_wiecej_kultury_w_sieci.html">"Coraz więcej kultury w sieci | rp.pl"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rp.pl/artykul/9131,241070_Coraz_wiecej_kultury_w_sieci.html">the original</a> on 2012-03-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coraz+wi%C4%99cej+kultury+w+sieci+%7C+rp.pl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rp.pl%2Fartykul%2F9131%2C241070_Coraz_wiecej_kultury_w_sieci.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoalition+for+Open+Education" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coalition_for_Open_Education&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koed.org.pl/">Official Open Education Coalition 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title="Free-culture movement">Free culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">open content</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts and<br />practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Key concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production" title="Commons-based peer production">Commons-based peer production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">Crowdsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre"><i>Gratis</i> versus <i>libre</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_collaboration" title="Open collaboration">Open collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">Open source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openness" title="Openness">Openness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_culture" title="Participatory culture">Participatory culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharism" title="Sharism">Sharism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Research and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_science" title="Citizen science">Citizen science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_science" title="Open science">Open science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-notebook_science" title="Open-notebook science">Notebook science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_research" title="Open research">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_science_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Open science data">Science data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_S" title="Plan S">Plan S</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Data, information,<br />and knowledge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">Free content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_commons" title="Knowledge commons">Knowledge commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_communication" title="Open communication">Open communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_knowledge" title="Open knowledge">Open knowledge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">Content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_data" title="Open data">Data</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Communication<br />and learning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_writing" title="Collaborative writing">Collaborative writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_media" title="Democratic media">Democratic media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_publishing" title="Open publishing">Open publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_media" title="Participatory media">Participatory media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">Peer review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_education" title="Open education">Open education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">Educational resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_university" class="mw-redirect" title="Open university">University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_admissions" title="Open admissions">Admissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-door_academic_policy" title="Open-door academic policy">Open-door academic policy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Journalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_media" title="Citizen media">Citizen media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen journalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiki_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki journalism">Wiki journalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_journalism" title="Open-source journalism">Open-source journalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a> (FOSS) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free/libre software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-design_movement" title="Open-design movement">Open-design movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_robotics" title="Open-source robotics">Robotics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_gaming" title="Open gaming">Open gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_architecture" title="Open-source architecture">Open-source architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source hardware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Economic principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_innovation" title="Open innovation">Open innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_patent" class="mw-redirect" title="Open patent">Open patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_standard" title="Open standard">Open standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Politics and governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_government" title="Open government">Open government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_governance" title="Open-source governance">Open-source governance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Architecture_Network" title="Open Architecture Network">Open Architecture Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Energy_Modelling_Initiative" title="Open Energy Modelling Initiative">Openmod Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Knowledge_Foundation" title="Open Knowledge Foundation">Open Knowledge Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Rights_Group" title="Open Rights Group">Open Rights Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">Open Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Web_Foundation" title="Open Web Foundation">Open Web Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLOS" title="PLOS">PLOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_Publishing_and_Academic_Resources_Coalition" title="Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition">SPARC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Elbakyan" title="Alexandra Elbakyan">Alexandra Elbakyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Murray-Rust" title="Peter Murray-Rust">Peter Murray-Rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Rushkoff" title="Douglas Rushkoff">Douglas Rushkoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Suber" title="Peter Suber">Peter Suber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sunde" title="Peter Sunde">Peter Sunde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilbanks" title="John Wilbanks">John Wilbanks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects and<br />movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Do-it-yourself_biology" title="Do-it-yourself biology">DIYbio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free-culture movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_science" title="Open science">Open science movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Ecology" title="Open Source Ecology">Open Source Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source software movement">Open-source software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCores" title="OpenCores">OpenCores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenWetWare" title="OpenWetWare">OpenWetWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tools" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_software_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Free software license">Licenses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL</a></li></ul></li> <li>Definition docs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works">Free Cultural Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">Free Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Definition" title="The Open Definition">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Source_Definition" title="The Open Source Definition">Open Source</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Indices" title="Open Data Indices">Open Data Indices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">Open educational resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_music_model" title="Open music model">Open music model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Web" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Web">Open Web movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Poland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Poland_topics" title="Template:Poland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Poland_topics" title="Template talk:Poland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Poland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Poland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Poland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland" title="History of Poland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Polish_history" title="Timeline of Polish history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_and_protohistory_of_Poland" title="Prehistory and protohistory of Poland">Prehistory and protohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="History of Poland in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_in_the_early_modern_period_(1569%E2%80%931795)" title="History of Poland in the early modern period (1569–1795)">Early Modern <span style="font-size:85%;">(1569–1795)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1795%E2%80%931918)" title="History of Poland (1795–1918)">Partitions, duchies and kingdoms <span style="font-size:85%;">(1795–1918)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_World_War_I" title="History of Poland during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1918%E2%80%931939)" title="History of Poland (1918–1939)">Interwar years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">Communist Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Poland (1989–present)">Poland since 1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_history_of_Poland" title="Cultural history of Poland">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Poland" title="Demographic history of Poland">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_Poland" title="Category:Economic history of Poland">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Polish_Army" title="History of the Polish Army">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Poland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Poland">Postal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Poland" title="Geography of Poland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Poland" title="List of cities and towns in Poland">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Poland" title="Forests of Poland">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Poland" title="List of islands of Poland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Poland" title="List of lakes of Poland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Poland" title="List of mountains in Poland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Parks_of_Poland" title="National Parks of Poland">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_A_and_B" title="Poland A and B">Poland A and B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Poland" title="Protected areas of Poland">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Poland" title="Regions of Poland">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Poland" title="List of rivers of Poland">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Poland" title="Politics of Poland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Poland" title="Administrative divisions of Poland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Initiative" title="Central European Initiative">Central European Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Poland" title="Climate change in Poland">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Poland" title="Constitution of Poland">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Poland" title="Corruption in Poland">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Poland" title="Elections in Poland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Poland" title="Foreign relations of Poland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Poland" title="Human rights in Poland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Poland">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Poland" title="Judiciary of Poland">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Poland" title="Law of Poland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Poland" title="Law enforcement in Poland">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Poland" title="Police of Poland">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_Service_(Poland)" title="Prison Service (Poland)">Prison Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Poland" title="List of political parties in Poland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Polish_politicians" title="Lists of Polish politicians">Politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Poland" title="List of heads of state of Poland">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="List of prime ministers of Poland">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_prisoners_in_Poland" title="Political prisoners in Poland">Political prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Poland" title="Economy of Poland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Poland" title="Agriculture in Poland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcerowicz_Plan" title="Balcerowicz Plan">Balcerowicz Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Poland" title="National Bank of Poland">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_Poland" title="Category:Economic history of Poland">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Poland" title="Exclusive economic zone of Poland">EEZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Poland" title="Energy in Poland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Poland" title="List of exports of Poland">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Merchant_Navy" title="Polish Merchant Navy">Merchant Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mines_in_Poland" title="List of mines in Poland">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Poland" title="Poverty in Poland">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Poland_by_GDP" title="List of regions of Poland by GDP">Regional GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Stock_Exchange" title="Warsaw Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Poland" title="Tourism in Poland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Poland" title="Transport in Poland">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Poland" title="Unemployment in Poland">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesian_Industrial_Region" title="Upper Silesian Industrial Region">Upper Silesian Industrial Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital_in_Poland" title="Venture capital in Poland">Venture capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_z%C5%82oty" title="Polish złoty">Złoty <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Poland" title="Category:Society of Poland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawyers_in_Poland" title="Lawyers in Poland">Lawyers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Poland" title="Culture of Poland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Poland" title="Architecture of Poland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_art" title="Polish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_wine" title="Polish wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_folk_beliefs" title="Polish folk beliefs">Folk beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_folk_dances" title="Polish folk dances">Folk dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_literature" title="Polish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Poland" title="Mass media in Poland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland" title="Music of Poland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Poland" title="Names of Poland">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_names" title="Polish names">Polish names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_days_in_Poland" title="Name days in Poland">Name days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Poland" title="Public holidays in Poland">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Poland" title="Religion in Poland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Poland" title="Sport in Poland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Poland" title="Theatre of Poland">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polish_traditions" title="Category:Polish traditions">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Poland" title="Video games in Poland">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Poland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Poland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Poland" title="Demographics of Poland">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Poland" title="Ethnic minorities in Poland">Ethnic minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Poland" title="Refugees in Poland">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Poland" title="Crime in Poland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Poland" title="Education in Poland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Poland" title="Health care in Poland">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Poland" title="Languages of Poland">Languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Poland" title="National symbols of Poland">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland_Is_Not_Yet_Lost" title="Poland Is Not Yet Lost">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Poland" title="Coat of arms of Poland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Poland" title="Flag of Poland">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_flags" title="List of Polish flags">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Poland" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Poland">Orders and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonia_(personification)" title="Polonia (personification)">Polonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Poland" title="Outline of Poland">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poland" title="Category:Poland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poland" title="Portal:Poland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/45px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article relating to education in Poland is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" 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