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class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Non-partisan_democracy" title="Non-partisan democracy">Non-partisan democracy</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <p><b>Nonpartisanship</b>, also known as <b>nonpartisanism</b>, is a lack of affiliation with, and a lack of bias towards, a <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While an <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> definition of <i>partisan</i> includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc.,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict <a href="/wiki/Antonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonym">antonym</a> of "partisan".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Canada"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Canada</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#India"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">India</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Churches_and_other_501(c)(3)_organizations"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Churches and other 501(c)(3) organizations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Nonpartisan_League"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Nonpartisan League</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Milwaukee"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Milwaukee</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Citations"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Citations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>In Canada, the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories">Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Nunavut" title="Legislative Assembly of Nunavut">Legislative Assembly of Nunavut</a> are the only bodies at the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">provincial/territorial level</a> that are currently nonpartisan; they operate on a <a href="/wiki/Consensus_government_in_Canada" title="Consensus government in Canada">consensus government</a> system. The <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous</a> <a href="/wiki/Nunatsiavut_Assembly" title="Nunatsiavut Assembly">Nunatsiavut Assembly</a> operates similarly on a sub-provincial level. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="India">India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: India" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jaago_Re!_One_Billion_Votes" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaago Re! One Billion Votes">Jaago Re! One Billion Votes</a> campaign was a non-partisan campaign initiated by <a href="/wiki/Tata_Tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Tea">Tata Tea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Janaagraha" title="Janaagraha">Janaagraha</a> to encourage citizens to vote in the <a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">2009 Indian general election</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The campaign was a non-partisan campaign initiated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anal_Saha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anal Saha (page does not exist)">Anal Saha</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisanism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisanism in the United States">Nonpartisanism in the United States</a></div> <p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Sean_Wilentz" title="Sean Wilentz">Sean Wilentz</a> argues that from the days of George Washington's farewell address, to Senator Barack Obama's speech at the Democratic national convention in 2004, politicians have called upon Americans to move beyond parties. Wilentz calls this the post-partisan style, and argues that "the antiparty current is by definition antidemocratic, as political parties have been the only reliable electoral vehicles for advancing the ideas and interests of ordinary voters".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, nonpartisan elections are quite common at the local level, primarily in an effort to keep national issues from being mixed up with local issues.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, nonpartisan elections are generally held for <a href="/wiki/Municipal" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal">municipal</a> and <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">county</a> offices, especially <a href="/wiki/Board_of_education" title="Board of education">school board</a>, and are also common in the election of judges. The <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Nebraska_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska State Legislature">Legislature</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> is the only <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> legislature that is entirely officially nonpartisan; additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">Fono</a> of <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> is the only <a href="/wiki/U.S._territory" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. territory">territorial</a> legislature that is officially nonpartisan. </p><p>Although elections may be officially nonpartisan, in some elections (usually involving larger cities or counties, as well as the Nebraska unicameral) the party affiliations of candidates are generally known, most commonly by the groups endorsing a particular candidate (e.g., a candidate endorsed by a labor union would be generally affiliated with the Democratic Party, while a candidate endorsed by a business coalition would be generally affiliated with the Republican Party).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches_and_other_501(c)(3)_organizations"><span id="Churches_and_other_501.28c.29.283.29_organizations"></span>Churches and other 501(c)(3) organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Churches and other 501(c)(3) organizations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Churches and charities in the United States are mainly formed under US <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> tax code <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a> non-profit organization regulations. To maintain that <a href="/wiki/Tax_exemption" title="Tax exemption">tax-exempt</a> status, and the ability for donors to take a tax deduction, they are required to remain nonpartisan.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This has caused some to question the ability of organizations that have the appearance of partisanship. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> is a Washington, D.C. <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> and <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a> non-profit, nonpartisan organization. Since its founding in 1916, it has had both identifiable Republicans and Democrats among its leadership. Owing to leadership changes such as this, some argue that it is a good example of a nonpartisan organization. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> has at times listed the organization as being <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberal</a>, liberal-centrist, <a href="/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, <i>The New York Times</i> published an article where it referred to the "conservative Brookings Institution".<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nonpartisan_League">Nonpartisan League</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nonpartisan League" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_League" title="Nonpartisan League">Nonpartisan League</a> was an influential <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> political movement, especially in the Upper <a href="/wiki/Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">Midwest</a>, particularly during the 1910s and 1920s. It also contributed much to the ideology of the former <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Party of Canada">Progressive Party of Canada</a>. It went into decline and merged with the Democratic Party of North Dakota to form the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic%E2%80%93Nonpartisan_League_Party" title="North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party">North Dakota Democratic–NPL Party</a> in 1956. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Milwaukee" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Milwaukee" title="History of Milwaukee">history of Milwaukee</a>, the "Nonpartisans" were an unofficial but widely recognized coalition of <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> who cooperated in an effort to keep Milwaukee's <a href="/wiki/Sewer_Socialists" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewer Socialists">Sewer Socialists</a> out of as many offices as possible, including in elections which were officially non-partisan, but in which Socialists and "Nonpartisans" were clearly identified in the press.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Such candidates were sometimes called "fusion" candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) This lasted from the 1910s<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> well into the 1940s. (The similar effort in 1888 to prevent <a href="/wiki/Herman_Kroeger" title="Herman Kroeger">Herman Kroeger</a>'s election as a <a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(United_States,_19th_century)" title="Labor Party (United States, 19th century)">Union Labor</a> candidate had been conducted under the banner of a temporary "Citizen's Party" label.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) During the period of Socialist-<a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Progressive_Party" title="Wisconsin Progressive Party">Progressive</a> cooperation (1935–1941), the two sides were called "Progressives" and "Nonpartisans".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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title="Independent voter">Independent voter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-partisan_democracy" title="Non-partisan democracy">Non-partisan democracy</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Merriam-Webster's">Merriam-Webster's</a></i> dictionary defines <i>nonpartisan</i> as: Not partisan; free from party affiliation, <a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">bias</a>, or designation. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nonpartisan">"Webster: Nonpartisan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424094902/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nonpartisan">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Webster%3A+Nonpartisan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fnonpartisan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANonpartisanship" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd. ed, partisan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/nonpartisan">"Cambridge Dictionary - nonpartisan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220503085003/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/nonpartisan">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Dictionary+-+nonpartisan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fnonpartisan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANonpartisanship" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macmillandictionary.com/us/dictionary/american/nonpartisan">"Macmillan Dictionary - nonpartisan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911114529/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/us/dictionary/american/nonpartisan">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macmillan+Dictionary+-+nonpartisan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macmillandictionary.com%2Fus%2Fdictionary%2Famerican%2Fnonpartisan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANonpartisanship" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nonpartisan">"American Heritage Dictionary - nonpartisan<br>Collins English Dictionary - nonpartisan<br>Websters College Dictionary - nonpartisan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040223/https://www.thefreedictionary.com/nonpartisan">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary+-+nonpartisan%3Cbr+%2F%3ECollins+English+Dictionary+-+nonpartisan%3Cbr+%2F%3EWebsters+College+Dictionary+-+nonpartisan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2Fnonpartisan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANonpartisanship" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSean_Wilentz2016" class="citation book cs1">Sean Wilentz (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MBuZCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT45"><i>The Politicians and the Egalitarians: The Hidden History of American Politics</i></a>. W. W. Norton. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393285017" title="Special:BookSources/9780393285017"><bdi>9780393285017</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207053305/https://books.google.com/books?id=MBuZCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT45">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politicians+and+the+Egalitarians%3A+The+Hidden+History+of+American+Politics&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780393285017&rft.au=Sean+Wilentz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMBuZCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANonpartisanship" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteffen_Schmidt2007" class="citation book cs1">Steffen Schmidt (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uksP_66HMegC&pg=PA850"><i>American Government and Politics Today - Texas Edition, 2007-2008</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 850. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0495392026" title="Special:BookSources/978-0495392026"><bdi>978-0495392026</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207053243/https://books.google.com/books?id=uksP_66HMegC&pg=PA850">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Government+and+Politics+Today+-+Texas+Edition%2C+2007-2008&rft.pages=850&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0495392026&rft.au=Steffen+Schmidt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuksP_66HMegC%26pg%3DPA850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANonpartisanship" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbtlj.org/v08p1/v08p1elacquaar.pdf">Eyes wide shut: The ambiguous "political activity" prohibition and its effects on 501(c)(3) organizations, Houston Business and Tax Journal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902142613/http://www.hbtlj.org/v08p1/v08p1elacquaar.pdf">Archived</a> 2 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by Amelia Elacqua, 2008, pages 118, 119 and 141, referenced 16 February 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlaberson2008" class="citation news cs1">Glaberson, William (16 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/world/americas/16iht-gitmo.1.17859399.html?_r=2">"Closing Guantánamo may not be easy"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701015213/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/world/americas/16iht-gitmo.1.17859399.html?_r=2">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Closing+Guant%C3%A1namo+may+not+be+easy&rft.date=2008-11-16&rft.aulast=Glaberson&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F11%2F16%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F16iht-gitmo.1.17859399.html%3F_r%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANonpartisanship" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/14/politics/14heritage.html">Next Generation of Conservatives (By the Dormful)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150415135022/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/14/politics/14heritage.html">Archived</a> 15 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Jason DeParle, <i>New York Times</i>, 14 June 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9804E4D61F3FF936A25756C0A96F958260">Silicon Valley's New Think Tank Stakes Out 'Radical Center'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207053244/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/15/arts/silicon-valley-s-new-think-tank-stakes-out-radical-center.html">Archived</a> 7 February 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Neil A. Lewis, <i>New York Times</i>, 15 May 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F06E5D71E3BF937A1575AC0A9669C8B63">ECONOMIC VIEW; Friedman And Keynes, Trading Pedestals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207053258/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/24/business/economic-view-friedman-and-keynes-trading-pedestals.html">Archived</a> 7 February 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Tom Redburn, <i>New York Times</i>, 24 September 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/13/nyregion/13ROBINSON.html">Marshall A. Robinson, 83, Former Foundation Chief, Dies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018092843/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/13/nyregion/13ROBINSON.html">Archived</a> 18 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Wolfgang Saxon, <i>New York Times</i>, 13 January 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"School Board Returns Even: Both Nonpartisans and Socialists Pick Five Candidates Each" <i><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee Journal">Milwaukee Journal</a></i> 18 March 1931; p. 1, col. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fusion In Many Districts; Old Parties Unite On Legislative Candidates" <i>Milwaukee Journal</i> 1 November 1918; p. 9, col. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Avella, Steven M. <i>Milwaukee Catholicism: Essays on Church and Community</i> Milwaukee: Milwaukee Knights of Columbus, 1991; pp. 43-44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wells, Robert W. <i>This Is Milwaukee</i> New York: Doubleday, 1970; p. 169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cibulka, James G. and Olson, Frederick I. "The Organization of the Milwaukee Public School System" in <i>Seeds of Crisis: Public Schooling in Milwaukee since 1920</i> Rury, John L. and Cassell, Frank A., eds. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993; p. 104</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Safire2008" class="citation book cs1">William Safire (31 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jK-0NPoMiYoC&q=Nonpartisan&pg=PA476"><i>Safire's political dictionary</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195343342" title="Special:BookSources/9780195343342"><bdi>9780195343342</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Safire%27s+political+dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-03-31&rft.isbn=9780195343342&rft.au=William+Safire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjK-0NPoMiYoC%26q%3DNonpartisan%26pg%3DPA476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANonpartisanship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Edward_Russell1920" class="citation book cs1">Charles Edward Russell (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storynonpartisa00russgoog"><i>The story of the Nonpartisan League: a chapter in American evolution</i></a>. Harper & Brothers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2012</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. <q>Nonpartisan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+story+of+the+Nonpartisan+League%3A+a+chapter+in+American+evolution&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1920&rft.au=Charles+Edward+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstorynonpartisa00russgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANonpartisanship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbert_Breton1998" class="citation book cs1">Albert Breton (28 September 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o0XNlQCub1cC&q=Nonpartisan&pg=PA110"><i>Competitive Governments: An Economic Theory of Politics and Public Finance</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521646284" title="Special:BookSources/9780521646284"><bdi>9780521646284</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Competitive+Governments%3A+An+Economic+Theory+of+Politics+and+Public+Finance&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998-09-28&rft.isbn=9780521646284&rft.au=Albert+Breton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do0XNlQCub1cC%26q%3DNonpartisan%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANonpartisanship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoan_Campbell1944" class="citation book cs1">Joan Campbell (3 June 1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=23dUzlVxphMC&q=Nonpartisan&pg=PA167"><i>European labor unions</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313263712" title="Special:BookSources/9780313263712"><bdi>9780313263712</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+labor+unions&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=1944-06-03&rft.isbn=9780313263712&rft.au=Joan+Campbell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D23dUzlVxphMC%26q%3DNonpartisan%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANonpartisanship" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeon_D._Epstein1980" class="citation book cs1">Leon D. Epstein (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iIolxT5S3SMC&q=Nonpartisan&pg=PA95"><i>Political parties in Western democracies</i></a>. Transaction Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412831178" title="Special:BookSources/9781412831178"><bdi>9781412831178</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+parties+in+Western+democracies&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9781412831178&rft.au=Leon+D.+Epstein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiIolxT5S3SMC%26q%3DNonpartisan%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANonpartisanship" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&oldid=1246099795">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&oldid=1246099795</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Nonpartisanship&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="A68-n" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1726523713"> <span>Last edited on 16 September 2024, at 21:55</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartidismo" title="Apartidismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apartidismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Партиясыз – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Партиясыз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezpartyjno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Bezpartyjność – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bezpartyjność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartidarismo" title="Apartidarismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apartidarismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Беспартийный – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Беспартийный" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonpartizanl%C4%B1k" title="Nonpartizanlık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nonpartizanlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Безпартійний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Безпартійний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; 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